Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measures | Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measures Risk Management Policy See Note 10 to the company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 for a summary of AbbVie's risk management policy and use of derivative instruments. Financial Instruments Various AbbVie foreign subsidiaries enter into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to manage exposures to changes in foreign exchange rates for anticipated intercompany transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the local entity. These contracts, with notional amounts totaling $2.3 billion at June 30, 2018 and $2.2 billion at December 31, 2017 , are designated as cash flow hedges and are recorded at fair value. The durations of these forward exchange contracts were generally less than eighteen months . Accumulated gains and losses as of June 30, 2018 will be reclassified from AOCI and included in cost of products sold at the time the products are sold, generally not exceeding six months from the date of settlement. The company also enters into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to manage its exposure to foreign currency denominated trade payables and receivables and intercompany loans. These contracts are not designated as hedges and are recorded at fair value. Resulting gains or losses are reflected in net foreign exchange loss in the consolidated statements of earnings and are generally offset by losses or gains on the foreign currency exposure being managed. These contracts had notional amounts totaling $11.3 billion at June 30, 2018 and $7.7 billion at December 31, 2017 . The company also uses foreign currency forward exchange contracts or foreign currency denominated debt to hedge its net investments in certain foreign subsidiaries and affiliates. The company designated €3.6 billion aggregate principal amount of senior Euro notes as net investment hedges at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 . Realized and unrealized gains and losses from these hedges are included in AOCI. AbbVie is a party to interest rate hedge contracts designated as fair value hedges with notional amounts totaling $11.8 billion at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 . The effect of the hedge contracts is to change a fixed-rate interest obligation to a floating rate for that portion of the debt. AbbVie records the contracts at fair value and adjusts the carrying amount of the fixed-rate debt by an offsetting amount. No amounts are excluded from the assessment of effectiveness for cash flow hedges, net investment hedges or fair value hedges. The following table summarizes the amounts and location of AbbVie’s derivative instruments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets: Fair value – Fair value – (in millions) Balance sheet caption June 30, December 31, 2017 Balance sheet caption June 30, December 31, 2017 Foreign currency forward exchange contracts Designated as cash flow hedges Prepaid expenses and other $ 100 $ 1 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 8 $ 120 Designated as cash flow hedges Other assets 15 — Other long-term liabilities — — Not designated as hedges Prepaid expenses and other 28 22 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 32 29 Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges Prepaid expenses and other — — Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 7 8 Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges Other assets — — Other long-term liabilities 637 393 Total derivatives $ 143 $ 23 $ 684 $ 550 While certain derivatives are subject to netting arrangements with the company’s counterparties, the company does not offset derivative assets and liabilities within the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents the pre-tax amounts of gains (losses) from derivative instruments recognized in other comprehensive income (loss): Three months ended Six months ended (in millions) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Foreign currency forward exchange contracts $ 169 $ (78 ) $ 121 $ (139 ) Assuming market rates remain constant through contract maturities, the company expects to transfer pre-tax unrealized losses of $16 million into cost of products sold for foreign currency cash flow hedges during the next 12 months. Related to AbbVie’s non-derivative, foreign currency denominated debt designated as net investment hedges, the company recognized pre-tax gains in other comprehensive income (loss) of $270 million for the three months and $136 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and recognized pre-tax losses in other comprehensive income (loss) of $239 million for the three months and $339 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 . The following table summarizes the pre-tax amounts and location of derivative instrument net gains (losses) recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings, including the net gains (losses) reclassified out of AOCI into net earnings. See Note 11 for the amount of net gains (losses) reclassified out of AOCI. Three months ended Six months ended (in millions) Statement of earnings caption 2018 2017 2018 2017 Foreign currency forward exchange contracts Designated as cash flow hedges Cost of products sold $ (46 ) $ 46 $ (90 ) $ 63 Not designated as hedges Net foreign exchange loss 128 (25 ) 69 (71 ) Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges Interest expense, net (59 ) 47 (243 ) 32 Debt designated as hedged item in fair value hedges Interest expense, net 59 (47 ) 243 (32 ) Fair Value Measures The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels: • Level 1 – Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets that the company has the ability to access; • Level 2 – Valuations based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in the market; and • Level 3 – Valuations using significant inputs that are unobservable in the market and include the use of judgment by the company’s management about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The following table summarizes the bases used to measure certain assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2018 : Basis of fair value measurement (in millions) Total Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets Significant other observable Significant Assets Cash and equivalents $ 3,547 $ 867 $ 2,680 $ — Time deposits 67 — 67 — Debt securities 1,549 — 1,549 — Equity securities 9 9 — — Foreign currency contracts 143 — 143 — Total assets $ 5,315 $ 876 $ 4,439 $ — Liabilities Interest rate hedges $ 644 $ — $ 644 $ — Foreign currency contracts 40 — 40 — Contingent consideration 4,821 — — 4,821 Total liabilities $ 5,505 $ — $ 684 $ 4,821 The following table summarizes the bases used to measure certain assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 : Basis of fair value measurement (in millions) Total Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets Significant other observable Significant Assets Cash and equivalents $ 9,303 $ 849 $ 8,454 $ — Debt securities 2,524 — 2,524 — Equity securities 4 4 — — Foreign currency contracts 23 — 23 — Total assets $ 11,854 $ 853 $ 11,001 $ — Liabilities Interest rate hedges $ 401 $ — $ 401 $ — Foreign currency contracts 149 — 149 — Contingent consideration 4,534 — — 4,534 Total liabilities $ 5,084 $ — $ 550 $ 4,534 The fair values of time deposits approximate their amortized cost due to the short maturities of these instruments. The fair values of available-for-sale debt securities were determined based on prices obtained from commercial pricing services. The derivatives entered into by the company were valued using publicized spot curves for interest rate hedges and publicized forward curves for foreign currency contracts. The fair value measurements of the contingent consideration liabilities were determined based on significant unobservable inputs, including the discount rate, estimated probabilities and timing of achieving specified development, regulatory and commercial milestones and the estimated amount of future sales of the acquired products still in development. Changes to the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities can result from changes to one or a number of inputs, including discount rates, the probabilities of achieving the milestones, the time required to achieve the milestones and estimated future sales. Significant judgment is employed in determining the appropriateness of these inputs. Changes to the inputs described above could have a material impact on the company's financial position and results of operations in any given period. At June 30, 2018 , a 50 basis point increase/decrease in the assumed discount rate would have decreased/increased the value of the contingent consideration liabilities by approximately $180 million . Additionally, at June 30, 2018 , a five percentage point increase/decrease in the assumed probability of success across all potential indications would have increased/decreased the value of the contingent consideration liabilities by approximately $410 million . There have been no transfers of assets or liabilities between the fair value measurement levels. The following table presents the changes in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities which are measured using Level 3 inputs: Six months ended (in millions) 2018 2017 Beginning balance $ 4,534 $ 4,213 Change in fair value recognized in net earnings 337 146 Milestone payments (50 ) — Ending balance $ 4,821 $ 4,359 The change in fair value recognized in net earnings is recorded in other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings. Certain financial instruments are carried at historical cost or some basis other than fair value. The book values, approximate fair values and bases used to measure the approximate fair values of certain financial instruments as of June 30, 2018 are shown in the table below: Basis of fair value measurement (in millions) Book value Approximate fair value Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets Significant observable Significant Liabilities Short-term borrowings $ 3,511 $ 3,508 $ — $ 3,508 $ — Current portion of long-term debt and lease obligations, excluding fair value hedges 3,026 3,026 998 2,028 — Long-term debt and lease obligations, excluding fair value hedges 31,216 30,750 30,675 75 — Total liabilities $ 37,753 $ 37,284 $ 31,673 $ 5,611 $ — AbbVie also holds investments in equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values. The company records these investments at cost and remeasures them to fair value based on certain observable price changes or impairment events as they occur. The carrying amount of these investments was $76 million as of June 30, 2018 . No significant cumulative upward or downward adjustments have been recorded for these investments as of June 30, 2018 . Prior to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-01 discussed in Note 1, these investments were accounted for under the cost method and disclosed in the table below as of December 31, 2017 . The book values, approximate fair values and bases used to measure the approximate fair values of certain financial instruments as of December 31, 2017 are shown in the table below: Basis of fair value measurement (in millions) Book value Approximate fair value Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets Significant observable Significant Assets Investments $ 48 $ 48 $ — $ — $ 48 Total assets $ 48 $ 48 $ — $ — $ 48 Liabilities Short-term borrowings $ 400 $ 400 $ — $ 400 $ — Current portion of long-term debt and lease obligations, excluding fair value hedges 6,023 6,034 4,004 2,030 — Long-term debt and lease obligations, excluding fair value hedges 31,346 32,846 32,763 83 — Total liabilities $ 37,769 $ 39,280 $ 36,767 $ 2,513 $ — Available-for-sale Securities Substantially all of the company’s investments in debt securities were classified as available-for-sale with changes in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income. Debt securities classified as short-term were $128 million as of June 30, 2018 and $482 million as of December 31, 2017 . Long-term debt securities mature primarily within five years . Estimated fair values of available-for-sale debt securities were generally determined based on prices obtained from commercial pricing services. The following table is a summary of available-for-sale securities by type as of June 30, 2018 : Amortized cost Gross unrealized Fair value (in millions) Gains Losses Asset backed securities $ 455 $ 1 $ (2 ) $ 454 Corporate debt securities 1,018 3 (3 ) 1,018 Other debt securities 78 — (1 ) 77 Total $ 1,551 $ 4 $ (6 ) $ 1,549 The following table is a summary of available-for-sale securities by type as of December 31, 2017 : Amortized cost Gross unrealized Fair value (in millions) Gains Losses Asset backed securities $ 930 $ 1 $ (3 ) $ 928 Corporate debt securities 1,451 4 (2 ) 1,453 Other debt securities 144 — (1 ) 143 Equity securities 4 2 (2 ) 4 Total $ 2,529 $ 7 $ (8 ) $ 2,528 AbbVie had no other-than-temporary impairments as of June 30, 2018 . Net realized gains (losses) were insignificant for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 . Concentrations of Risk AbbVie continues to do business with foreign governments in certain countries, including Greece, Portugal, Italy and Spain, which have historically experienced challenges in credit and economic conditions. Substantially all of AbbVie’s trade receivables in Greece, Portugal, Italy and Spain are with government health systems. Outstanding governmental receivables in these countries, net of allowances for doubtful accounts, totaled $286 million as of June 30, 2018 and $255 million as of December 31, 2017 . The company also continues to do business with foreign governments in certain oil-exporting countries that have experienced a deterioration in economic conditions, including Saudi Arabia and Russia, which may result in delays in the collection of receivables. Outstanding governmental receivables related to Saudi Arabia, net of allowances for doubtful accounts, were $162 million as of June 30, 2018 and $149 million as of December 31, 2017 . Outstanding governmental receivables related to Russia, net of allowances for doubtful accounts, were $75 million as of June 30, 2018 and $152 million as of December 31, 2017 . Global economic conditions and customer-specific factors may require the company to periodically re-evaluate the collectability of its receivables and the company could potentially incur credit losses. Of total net accounts receivable, three U.S. wholesalers accounted for 59% as of June 30, 2018 and 56% as of December 31, 2017 , and substantially all of AbbVie’s net revenues in the United States were to these three wholesalers. HUMIRA (adalimumab) is AbbVie’s single largest product and accounted for approximately 61% of AbbVie’s total net revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 66% for the six months ended June 30, 2017 . Debt and Credit Facilities Short-term borrowings included commercial paper borrowings of $511 million as of June 30, 2018 and $400 million as of December 31, 2017 . The weighted-average interest rate on commercial paper borrowings was 1.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 1.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2017 . On May 17, 2018, AbbVie entered into a $3.0 billion 364 -day term loan credit agreement (term loan). In June 2018, the company drew on this term loan and as of June 30, 2018, $3.0 billion was outstanding and was included in short-term borrowings on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Borrowings under the term loan bear interest at one month LIBOR plus applicable margin. The term loan may be prepaid without penalty upon prior notice and contains customary covenants, all of which the company was in compliance with as of June 30, 2018. In May 2018, the company also repaid $3.0 billion aggregate principal amount of its 1.80% senior notes at maturity. |