Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Assets and liabilities which are subject to significant judgment and use of estimates include the allowance for doubtful accounts, sales return reserves, provision for warranties, valuation of inventories, recoverability of long-lived assets, valuation allowances with respect to deferred tax assets, useful lives associated with property and equipment and finite lived intangible assets, and the valuation and assumptions underlying stock-based compensation and other equity instruments. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates compared to historical experience and trends, which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities. In addition, the Company engages the assistance of valuation specialists in concluding on fair value measurements in connection with stock-based compensation and other equity instruments. (b) Liquidity Since the Company’s inception, it has incurred significant net operating losses and the Company anticipates that losses will continue in the near term. The Company expects its operating expenses will continue to grow as they expand operations. The Company will need to generate significant net sales to achieve profitability. To date, the Company has funded operations primarily with proceeds from the sales of preferred stock, borrowings under term loans, sales of products since 2012, and the proceeds from the sale of common stock in public offerings. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which implies the Company will continue to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. At December 31, 2018, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $86.9 million. Since inception, the Company has incurred recurring losses from operations and cash outflows from operating activities. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 the Company incurred net losses of $82.6 million, $64.0 million and $40.2 million, respectively. The Company used $56.2 million of cash in operations for the year ended December 31, 2018, $45.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 and $34.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. At December 31, 2018 and 2017 the Company had an accumulated deficit of $362.1 million and $279.5 million, respectively. The continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon many factors including liquidity and the ability to raise capital. The Company received FDA approval of their PMA supplement on April 17, 2018 and was then able to access a $10.0 million term loan pursuant to an amendment to the credit agreement with MidCap Financial Trust, or MidCap. In addition, in February 2018, the Company entered into an At-The-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreement with Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, or Stifel, as sales agent pursuant to which the Company may sell, from time to time, through Stifel, shares of its common stock having an aggregate gross offering price of up to $50.0 million. As of December 31, 2018, the Company has not sold any common stock pursuant to the sales agreement. Further, on May 7, 2018, the Company completed a public offering of its common stock, raising approximately $107.6 million in net proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses. (c) Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash in checking accounts and interest-bearing money market accounts. (d) Concentration of Credit and Supplier Risks Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are deposited in demand accounts at a financial institution that management believes is creditworthy. The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of default by this financial institution for cash and cash equivalents in excess of amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC. Management believes that the Company’s investments in cash and cash equivalents are financially sound and have minimal credit risk and the Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents. The Company relies on a limited number of third-party manufacturers for the manufacturing and supply of its products. This could result in the Company not being able to acquire the inventory needed to meet customer demand, which would result in possible loss of sales and affect operating results adversely. (e) Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, customer deposits and sales return liability are reasonable estimates of their fair value because of the short maturity of these items. The fair value of the common stock warrant liability, deferred and contingent consideration are discussed in Note 2. The fair value of the debt is based on the amount of future cash flows associated with the instrument discounted using the Company’s market rate. At December 31, 2018, the carrying value of the long-term debt was not materially different from the fair value. (f) Fair Value Measurements Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable: • Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2 — Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices) such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. • Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques. The Company’s common stock warrant liabilities are carried at fair value determined according to the fair value hierarchy described above. The Company has utilized an option pricing valuation model to determine the fair value of its outstanding common stock warrant liabilities. The inputs to the model include fair value of the common stock related to the warrant, exercise price of the warrant, expected term, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. The warrants are valued using the fair value of common stock as of the measurement date. The Company historically has been a private company and lacks company-specific historical and implied volatility information of its stock. Therefore, it estimates its expected stock volatility based on the historical volatility of publicly traded peer companies for a term equal to the remaining contractual term of the warrants. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve for time periods approximately equal to the remaining contractual term of the warrants. The Company has estimated a 0% dividend yield based on the expected dividend yield and the fact that the Company has never paid or declared dividends. As several significant inputs are not observable, the overall fair value measurement of the warrants is classified as Level 3. The Company assessed the fair value of the contingent consideration for future royalty payments related to the acquisition of BIOCORNEUM, the contingent consideration for future milestone payments for the acquisition of the tissue expander portfolio from SSP and the contingent consideration for the future milestone payments related to the acquisition of miraDry using a Monte-Carlo simulation model. Significant assumptions used in the measurement include future net sales for a defined term and the risk-adjusted discount rate associated with the business. As the inputs are not observable, the overall fair value measurement of the contingent consideration is classified as Level 3. The following tables present information about the Company’s liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 and indicate the level of the fair value hierarchy utilized to determine such fair value (in thousands): Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2018 Using: Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Liabilities: Liability for common stock warrants $ — — 113 113 Liability for contingent consideration — — 13,847 13,847 $ — — 13,960 13,960 Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2017 Using: Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Liabilities: Liability for common stock warrants $ — — 194 194 Liability for contingent consideration — — 12,319 12,319 $ — — 12,513 12,513 The liability for common stock warrants and the current portion of contingent consideration is included in “accrued and other current liabilities” and the long-term liabilities for the contingent consideration are included in “deferred and contingent consideration” in the consolidated balance sheet. The following table provides a rollforward of the aggregate fair values of the Company’s common stock warrants and contingent consideration for which fair value is determined by Level 3 inputs (in thousands): Warrant Liability Balance, December 31, 2017 $ 194 Change in fair value of warrant liability (81 ) Balance, December 31, 2018 $ 113 Contingent Consideration Liability Balance, December 31, 2017 $ 12,319 Payments of contingent consideration (1,000 ) Change in fair value of contingent consideration 2,528 Balance, December 31, 2018 $ 13,847 In connection with the acquisition of miraDry on July 25, 2017, contingent consideration of up to an aggregate of $14.0 million may be payable upon achieving certain future sales milestones and had a fair value of $12.7 million and $10.4 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. In connection with the acquisition of the tissue expander portfolio from Specialty Surgical Products, Inc., or SSP, on November 2, 2016, contingent consideration of up to an aggregate of $2.0 million is payable upon achieving certain future sales milestones and had a fair value of $1.0 million and $1.8 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. For the period ended December 31, 2018, the Company achieved one of two milestones and made a payment of $1.0 million to SSP. The Company recognizes changes in the fair value of the warrants in “other income (expense), net” in the consolidated statement of operations and changes in contingent consideration are recognized in “general and administrative” expense in the consolidated statement of operations. (g) Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight‑line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, generally three to five years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related asset. Upon retirement or sale of an asset, the cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the consolidated balance sheet and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations in the period realized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. (h) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets of purchased businesses. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is subject to impairment tests on at least an annual basis and whenever circumstances suggest that goodwill may be impaired. After the acquisition of miraDry, management began evaluating the Company as two reporting units, Breast Products and miraDry. The Company’s annual test for impairment is performed as of October 1 of each fiscal year. The Company makes a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. If the Company concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount from the qualitative assessment, the Company performs a quantitative analysis to compare the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying amount. The Company recognizes impairment charges for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The Company’s fair value analysis of goodwill utilizes the income approach and market approach, which requires the use of estimates about a reporting unit’s future revenues and free cash flows, market multiples, enterprise value, control risk premiums, discount rates, terminal value and enterprise value to determine the estimated fair value. The Company’s future revenues and free cash flow assumptions are determined based upon actual results giving effect to management’s expected changes in operating results in future years. The market multiples, enterprise value, control risk premiums, discount rates and terminal value are based upon market participant assumptions using a defined peer group. Changes in these assumptions can materially affect these estimates. Thus, to the extent the market changes, discount rates increase significantly or the Company does not meet its projected performance, the Company could recognize impairments, and such impairments could be material. The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test on October 1, 2018 for the Breast Products and miraDry reporting units. The miraDry reporting unit had a negative carrying value and $7.6 million of allocated goodwill. The Company performed a quantitative assessment and determined the fair value was greater than the carrying value. For the Breast Products reporting unit, the Company performed a qualitative analysis and determined fair value was more likely than not greater than carrying value. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 the Company did not record any goodwill impairment charges. The Company tests indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on at least an annual basis and whenever circumstances suggest the assets may be impaired. The Company’s annual test for impairment is performed as of October 1 of each fiscal year. If indicators of impairment are present, the Company evaluates the carrying value of the intangible assets in relation to estimates of future undiscounted cash flows. If the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the difference. The Company also evaluates the remaining useful life of an indefinite-lived intangible asset to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 the Company did not record any indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment charges. Judgments about the recoverability of purchased finite‑lived intangible assets are made whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that impairment may exist. Each fiscal year the Company evaluates the estimated remaining useful lives of purchased intangible assets and whether events or changes in circumstance warrant a revision to the remaining periods of amortization. Recoverability of finite‑lived intangible assets is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate. The intangible asset is amortized to the consolidated statement of operations based on estimated cash flows generated from the intangible over its estimated life. ( i ) Impairment of Long‑Lived Assets The Company’s management routinely considers whether indicators of impairment of long‑lived assets are present. If such indicators are present, management determines whether the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows attributable to the assets in question is less than their carrying value. If less, the Company will recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the assets over their respective fair values. Fair value is determined by discounted future cash flows, appraisals or other methods. If the assets determined to be impaired are to be held and used, the Company will recognize an impairment charge to the extent the present value of anticipated net cash flows attributable to the asset are less than the asset’s carrying value. The fair value of the asset will then become the asset’s new carrying value. There have been no impairments of long‑lived assets recorded during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The Company may record impairment losses in future periods if factors influencing its estimates change. (j) Business Combinations Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method, assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their respective fair values as of the acquisition date in the financial statements. The excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Contingent consideration obligations incurred in connection with a business combination are recorded at their fair values on the acquisition date and remeasured at their fair values each subsequent reporting period until the related contingencies are resolved. The resulting changes in fair values are recorded in earnings. (k) Reportable segments represent components for which separate financial information is available that is utilized on a regular basis by the Chief Executive Officer, who has been identified as the Chief Operating Decision Maker, or CODM, as defined by authoritative guidance on segment reporting, in determining how to allocate resources and evaluate performance. The segments are determined based on several factors, including client base, homogeneity of products, technology, delivery channels and similar economic characteristics. Based on the financial information presented to and reviewed by the CODM, the Company has determined that it has two reportable segments: Breast Products and miraDry. (l) Revenue Recognition The Company generates revenue primarily through the sale and delivery of promised goods or services to customers and recognizes revenue when control is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the goods or services. Performance obligations typically include the delivery of promised products, such as breast implants, tissue expanders, BIOCORNEUM, miraDry Systems and bioTips, along with service-type warranties and deliverables under certain marketing programs. Other deliverables are sometimes promised, but are ancillary and insignificant in the context of the contract as a whole. Sales prices are documented in the executed sales contract, purchase order or order acknowledgement prior to the transfer of control to the customer. Customers may enter into a separate extended service agreement to purchase an extended warranty for miraDry products from the Company whereby the payment is due at the inception of the agreement. Typical payment terms are 30 days for Breast Products and direct sales of consumable miraDry products, and tend to be longer for capital sales of miraDry Systems and sales to miraDry distributors, but do not extend beyond one year. For delivery of promised products, control transfers and revenue is recognized upon shipment, unless the contractual arrangement requires transfer of control when products reach their destination, for which revenue is recognized once the product arrives at its destination. Revenue for extended service agreements are recognized ratably over the term of the agreements. The Company introduced its Platinum20 Limited Warranty Program, or Platinum20, in May 2018 on all OPUS breast implants implanted in the United States or Puerto Rico on or after May 1, 2018. Platinum20 provides for financial assistance for revision surgeries and no-charge contralateral replacement implants upon the occurrence of certain qualifying events. The Company considers Platinum20 to have an assurance warranty component and a service warranty component. The assurance component is recorded as a warranty liability at the time of sale (as discussed in Note 2(s)). The Company considers the service warranty component as an additional performance obligation and defers revenue at the time of sale based on the relative estimated selling price, by estimating a standalone selling price using the expected cost plus margin approach for the performance obligation. Inputs into the expected cost plus margin approach include historical incidence rates, estimated replacement costs, estimated financial assistance payouts and an estimated margin. The liability for unsatisfied performance obligations under the service warranty as of December 31, 2018 was $0.4 million, of which $0.2 million is considered a short-term obligation and is included in “accrued and other current liabilities” and $0.3 million is considered a long-term obligation and is included in “warranty reserve and other long-term liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheet. The performance obligation is satisfied at the time that Platinum20 benefits are provided and are expected to be satisfied over the following 6 to 24 month period for financial assistance and 20 years for product replacement. Revenue recognized for the service warranty performance obligations for the year ended December 31, 2018 was immaterial. The Company also leverages a distributor network for selling the miraDry System internationally. The Company recognizes revenue when control of the goods or services is transferred to the distributors. Standard terms in these agreements do not allow for trial periods, right of return, refunds, payment contingent on obtaining financing or other terms that could impact the customer’s payment obligation. Contract liabilities are included in “accrued and other current liabilities” in the consolidated balance sheet. A portion of the Company’s revenue is generated from the sale of consigned inventory of breast implants maintained at doctor, hospital, and clinic locations. For these products, revenue is recognized at the time the Company is notified by the customer that the product has been implanted, not when the consigned products are delivered to the customer’s location. For Breast Products, with the exception of the Company’s BIOCORNEUM scar management products, the Company allows for the return of products from customers within six months after the original sale, which is accounted for as variable consideration. Reserves are established for anticipated sales returns based on the expected amount calculated with historical experience, recent gross sales and any notification of pending returns. The estimated sales return is recorded as a reduction of revenue and as a sales return liability in the same period revenue is recognized. Actual sales returns in any future period are inherently uncertain and thus may differ from the estimates. If actual sales returns differ significantly from the estimates, an adjustment to revenue in the current or subsequent period would be recorded. The Company has established an allowance for sales returns of $6.0 million and $3.9 million as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, recorded as “sales return liability” on the consolidated balance sheet under Topic 606 as of December 31, 2018 and recorded in “accounts receivable, net of allowances,” at December 31, 2017 on the consolidated balance sheet, as indicated below in “Recently Adopted Accounting Standards.” Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations The Company has determined that the delivery of each unit of product in the Company’s revenue contracts with customers is a separate performance obligation. The Company’s revenue contracts may include multiple products or services, each of which is considered a separate performance obligation. For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. The Company generally determines standalone selling prices based on observable prices or using an expected cost plus margin approach when an observable price is not available. The Company invoices customers once products are shipped or delivered to customers depending on the negotiated shipping terms. The Company defers the value of the service warranty revenue and recognizes it once the performance obligation has been met. Practical Expedients and Policy Election The Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expenses. The Company does not adjust accounts receivable for the effects of any significant financing components as customer payment terms are shorter than one year. The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities performed after a customer obtains control of the products as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the products to the customer. Shipping and handling activities are largely provided to customers free of charge for the Breast Products segment. The associated costs were $1.3 million, $0.9 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These costs are viewed as part of the Company’s marketing programs and are recorded as a component of sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statement of operations as an accounting policy election. For the miraDry segment, shipping and handling charges are typically billed to customers and recorded as revenue. The shipping and handling costs incurred are recorded as a component of cost of goods sold in the consolidated statement of operations. The associated costs were $0.4 million and $35,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018, and 2017 from the acquisition date July 25, 2017, respectively. (m) Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability to collect from some of its customers. The allowances for doubtful accounts are based on the analysis of historical bad debts, customer credit‑worthiness, past transaction history with the customer, and current economic trends. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, adversely affecting their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. The Company has established an allowance for doubtful accounts of $2.4 million and $0.9 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. (n) Inventories and Cost of Goods Sold Inventories represent raw materials, work in process and finished goods that are recorded at the lower of cost or market on a first‑in, first‑out basis, or FIFO. The Company periodically assesses the recoverability of all inventories to determine whether adjustments for impairment or obsolescence are required. The Company evaluates the remaining shelf life and other general obsolescence and impairment criteria in assessing the recoverability of the Company’s inventory. The Company recognizes the cost of inventory transferred to the customer in cost of goods sold when revenue is recognized. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, approximately $1.4 million and $1.6 million, respectively, of the Company’s Breast Products segment inventory was held on consignment at doctors’ offices, clinics, and hospitals. The value and quantity at any one location is not significant. (o) Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. The Company the Company The Company accounts for uncertain tax position in accordance with Account Standards Codification, or ASC, 740‑10, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (p) Research and Development Expenditures Research and development costs are charged to operating expenses as incurred. Research and development, or R&D, primarily consist of clinical expenses, regulatory expenses, product development, consulting services, outside research activities, quality control and other costs associated with the development of the Company’s products and compliance with Good Clinical Practices, or GCP, requirements. R&D expenses also include related personnel and consultant compensation and stock-based compensation expense. (q) Advertising Expenses related to advertising are charged to sales and marketing expense as incurred. Advertising costs were $1.3 million, $1.8 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. (r) Stock‑Based Compensation The Company applies the fair value provisions of ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation The option-pricing models require the input of subjective assumptions, including the risk‑free interest rate, expected dividend yield, expected volatility and expected term, among other inputs. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. If factors change and different assumptions are used, our stock‑based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. These assumptions are estimated as follows: • Risk‑free interest rate —The risk‑free interest rate is based on the yields of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities similar to the expected term of the options for each option group. • Dividend yield —We have never declared or paid any cash dividends and do not presently plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, we used an expected dividend yield of zero. • Expected volatility —As we do not have a significant trading history for our common stock, the expected stock price volatility for our common stock was estimated by taking the average of (i) the median historic price volatility and (ii) the median of the implied volatility averages, with a three‑month lookback from the valuation date, for any trading options of industry peers based on daily price observations over a period equivalent to the expected term of the time to a liquidity event. We intend to continue to consistently apply this process using the same or similar public companies until a sufficient amount of historical information regarding the volatility of our own common stock share price becomes available. • Expected term —The expected term represents the period that our stock‑based awards are expected to be outstanding. The following table presents the weighted‑average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of options granted during the periods presented: Year Ended December 31, Stock Options 2018 2017 2016 Expected term (in years) — 4.47 to 6.07 5.47 to 6.07 Expected volatility — 45 % to
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