Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Risks and Uncertainties The novel strain of the coronavirus (COVID-19) identified in China in late 2019 has spread globally and has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to attempt to contain the virus. This has included travel bans, shelter in place regulations and other restrictions and shutdowns. We continue to monitor the global outbreak and to take steps to mitigate the potential risks to us posed by the pandemic. We have continued to implement restrictions on physical participation in meetings and limit business travel, which have disrupted how we operate our business. The duration and extent of the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic continues to depend on future developments that cannot be accurately predicted at this time, such as the severity and transmission rate of the virus, including variants such as Delta, the extent and effectiveness of containment actions, the rate and effectiveness of vaccinations and the impact of these and other factors on our employees, customers, suppliers and vendors. The effect of the pandemic and measures implemented by authorities could disrupt our supply chain, which currently remains fully functional, including the provision of services to us by our vendors and could result in restrictions on construction activities. These factors and the continuing uncertainty around them could adversely impact our employees, customers, vendors and suppliers resulting in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and ability to pay dividends as well as the market price of our common stock. Interim Unaudited Financial Information The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on February 19, 2021. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted from this report on Form 10-Q pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Results for the interim periods in this report are not necessarily indicative of future financial results and have not been audited by our independent registered public accounting firm. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary to present fairly our condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. These adjustments are of a normal recurring nature and consistent with the adjustments recorded to prepare the annual audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2020. All amounts reflected are in millions except share and per share data. Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, as well as all wholly-owned subsidiaries and any consolidated variable interest entities. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Investment in Real Estate Acquisition of Properties Investment in real estate consists of land, buildings, improvements and integral equipment utilized in our data center operations. We expect most acquisitions to be an acquisition of assets rather than a business combination as our typical acquisitions consist of properties whereby substantially all the fair value of gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single asset set (land, building and in-place leases), which are treated as asset acquisitions. Impairment Losses When events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a real estate investment may not be recoverable, we review the carrying value of the asset. When such impairment indicators exist, we review an estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the real estate investment and proceeds from its eventual disposition and compare such amount to the carrying value of the real estate investment. If our undiscounted cash flows indicate that we are unable to recover the carrying value of the real estate investment, an impairment loss is recognized. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the real estate investment's carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value. We did not record any impairment losses for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2021. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized an impairment loss of $8.8 million and $11.2 million, respectively, which includes an $8.8 million impairment loss in both periods based on our estimate of the decrease in the fair value of the equipment held for use in inventory at our U.S. data centers and a $2.4 million impairment loss in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 based on the estimated fair value for our investment in land held in Atlanta for future development as the Company entered into a non-binding contract to sell this land to a third-party. These fair values were based on unobservable inputs and the determination of fair value of real estate assets to be held for use is derived using the discounted cash flow method and involves a number of management assumptions relating to future economic events that could materially affect the determination of the ultimate fair value. Such assumptions are Level 3 inputs and include, but are not limited to, projected vacancy rates, rental rates, property operating expenses and required capital expenditures. These factors require management's judgment of factors such as market knowledge, historical experience, lease terms, tenant financial strength, economy, demographics, environment, property location, age, physical condition and expected return requirements, among other things. The aforementioned factors are taken as a whole by management in the determination of fair value. See Fair Value Measurements below for further information on fair value. Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents include all non-restricted cash held in financial institutions and other non-restricted highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less. Restricted cash includes cash equivalents restricted by contract or regulation, including letters of credit. Equity Investments We hold investments in various joint ventures where the Company evaluates its ability to influence the operating or financial decisions of the investee in applying the appropriate method of accounting for such investments. Influence tends to be more effective as the investor's percent of ownership in the voting rights of the investee increases. Our equity investments represent less than 20% of the voting rights of the investees and we do not exercise influence over the investee's operating and financial decisions. Accordingly, we do not account for our equity investments using the equity method of accounting. For further information about our equity investments, see Note 7, Equity Investments. Our equity investments are carried at cost because we do not exercise influence over the operating and financial decisions of the ventures and there is no readily determinable fair value and our investments are recorded at cost less impairment, if any. Dividends paid from operating profits are reported as a component of net income, while other dividends are reported as a return of capital. Revenue Recognition Our revenue consists of lease revenue and revenue from contracts with customers. Lease Revenue: Our leasing revenue primarily consists of colocation rent, metered power reimbursements and interconnection revenue and is accounted for under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). We generally are not entitled to reimbursements for rental expenses including real estate taxes, insurance or other common area operating expenses. a. Colocation Rent Revenue Colocation rent revenues, including interconnection revenue, are fixed minimum lease payments generally billed monthly in advance based on the contracted power or leased space. Some contracts may provide initial free rent periods and rents that escalate over the term of the contract. If rents escalate without the lessee gaining access to or control over additional leased power or space at the beginning of the lease term, the rental payments are recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. If rents escalate because the lessee gains access to and control over additional power and or leased space, revenue is recognized in proportion to the additional power or space in the periods that the lessee has control over the use of the additional power or space. The excess of revenue recognized over amounts contractually due is recognized as a straight-line receivable, which is included in Rent and other receivables in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Some of our leases are structured on a gross basis in which the customer pays a fixed amount for colocation space and power. The revenue for these types of leases is recorded in colocation rent revenue. b. Metered Power Reimbursements Revenue Some of our leases provide that the customer is separately billed for power based upon actual or estimated metered usage generally at rates then in effect. Metered power reimbursement revenue is variable lease payments generally billed one month in arrears, and an estimate of this revenue is accrued in the month that the associated power is provided and recorded in metered power reimbursements revenue. Revenue from Contracts with Customers Revenue from our managed services, equipment sales, installations and other services are recognized under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"). Equipment sold by us generally consists of servers, switches, networking equipment, cable infrastructure and cabinets. Revenue is recognized at a point-in-time when control of the equipment transfers to the customer from the Company, which generally occurs upon delivery to the customer. Managed services include providing a full-service managed data center, monitoring customer computer equipment, managing backups and storage, utilization reporting and other related ancillary information technology services. Management service contracts generally range from one Installation services include mounting, wiring, and testing of customer owned equipment. The installation period is typically short term in duration, and accordingly, revenue from the installation of customer equipment is recognized at a point-in-time once the installation is complete and the performance obligation is satisfied. Other services generally include installation of customer equipment, performing customer system re-boots, server cabinet and cage management, power monitoring, shipping and receiving, resolving technical issues, and other services requested by the customer. Other service revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract and recognized over time as we satisfy the performance obligation. We adopted the practical expedient in ASC 606 that allows the Company to not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less, the amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations and when we expect to recognize that amount as revenue for the year. We have also adopted the “as invoiced” practical expedient, whereby the Company recognizes revenue in the amount that directly corresponds to the amount of value transferred to the customer. Contract assets were $0.7 million and $0.4 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Contract liabilities w ere not material as of both September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Rent and Other Receivables Receivables consist principally of rent receivables including straight-line rent receivables. A general reserve may be recognized as an allowance for doubtful accounts when collectibility is not probable, after applying the overall collectibility constraint under ASC 842. Straight-line rent receivable, net was $175.8 million and $172.6 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based upon historic patterns of credit losses for aged receivables as well as specific provisions for certain identifiable, potentially uncollectible balances. Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions The financial position of foreign subsidiaries is translated at the exchange rates in effect at the end of the period, while revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the period. Gains or losses from translation of foreign operations where the local currency is the functional currency are included as components of Other comprehensive income (loss). Gains or losses from foreign currency transactions are included in determining net income. Stock-Based Compensation We have a stock-based incentive award plan for our employees and directors. Stock-based compensation expense associated with these awards is recognized in General and administrative expenses, Property operating expenses, and Sales and marketing expenses in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We measure stock-based compensation at the estimated fair value on the grant date and recognize the amortization of stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period. Fair value is determined based on assumptions related to stock volatility, risk-free rate of return and estimates of market and company performance. Fair Value Measurements Fair value measurements are utilized in accounting for business combinations, asset acquisitions, testing of goodwill and other long-lived assets for impairment, recording unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, derivatives and related disclosures. Fair value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The three-tier hierarchy that prioritizes certain inputs used in the methodologies of measuring fair value for asset and liabilities, is as follows: Level 1—Observable inputs for identical instruments such as quoted market prices; Level 2—Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (i.e., interest rates, yield curves, etc.), and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs); and Level 3—Unobservable inputs that reflect our determination of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. These inputs are developed based on the best information available, including our own data. Derivative Instruments We primarily hedge our foreign currency risk by borrowing in the currencies in which we invest. We may use derivative financial instruments, such as cross-currency swaps to manage foreign currency exchange rate risk related to both our foreign investments and the related earnings. In addition, we occasionally use interest rate swap contracts to manage interest rate risk and limit the impact of future interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows, primarily related to variable-rate debt. Derivative instruments are measured at fair value and recorded in Other assets and Other liabilities, depending on our rights or obligations under the applicable derivative contract. Derivatives that are not designated as hedges must be adjusted to fair value through earnings. Designated Derivatives . We may choose to designate our derivative financial instruments, generally cross-currency swaps as net investment hedges in foreign operations. At inception of the transaction, we designate the derivative financial instrument as a hedge of a specific underlying exposure, including the risk management objective and the strategy for undertaking the hedge transaction. We formally assess both at inception and at least quarterly thereafter, the effectiveness of our hedging transactions. Due to the high degree of effectiveness between the hedging instruments and the underlying exposures hedged, fluctuations in the value of the derivative financial instruments will generally be offset by changes in the cash flows or fair values of the underlying exposures being hedged. In addition to the net investment hedges described above, we may issue debt in a currency that is not the same functional currency of the borrowing entity to hedge our international investments. We designate the debt and related accrued interest as a net investment hedge to offset the translation and economic exposures related to our international investments. If the debt and related accrued interest exceeds the designated amount of our international investment, the foreign currency remeasurement on the unhedged portion of the debt during the period is recognized in Foreign currency and derivative gains (losses), net. For cash flow hedges, such as interest rate swaps, we report the effective portion of the gain or loss as a component of Other comprehensive (loss) income and reclassify it to the applicable line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, generally Interest expense, net over the corresponding period of the underlying hedged item. The ineffective portion of a derivative financial instrument’s change in fair value is recognized in earnings, generally Interest expense, net at the time the ineffectiveness occurred. To the extent the hedged debt related to our interest rate swaps and forwards is paid off early, we write off the remaining balance in Other comprehensive (loss) income and recognize the amount in Interest expense, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Undesignated Derivatives . Derivative instruments, such as cross-currency swaps, for which hedge accounting is not applied are recorded at fair value in Other assets and Other liabilities and gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair value are reported in Foreign currency and derivative gains (losses), net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition, we may choose to not designate our interest rate swap and forward contracts. If a swap or forward contract is not designated as a hedge, the changes in fair value of these instruments is immediately recognized in earnings in Interest expense, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. |