Common Stock | (8) Common Stock Shares Reserved for Future Issuance As of January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2017 the Company had reserved the following shares of authorized but unissued common stock: As of January 31, As of July 31, 2017 2017 (in shares) Convertible preferred stock 10,610,966 — Options and RSUs outstanding and shares available for grant 5,814,388 12,083,108 Convertible preferred stock warrants 40,250 — Common stock warrants 25,000 1,897,562 Total 16,490,604 13,980,670 Stock Plan 2008 Stock Plan . In 2008, the Company adopted the 2008 Stock Plan (the 2008 Plan). Under the 2008 Plan, as amended, 7,688,078 shares of common stock were reserved for the issuance of incentive stock options (ISOs), nonstatutory stock options (NSOs), and stock purchase rights to employees, directors, and consultants of the Company as of January 31, 2017. Options may be granted with exercise prices at no less than 100% of the fair value of the common stock on the date of grant. ISOs granted under the 2008 Plan generally vest 25% after the completion of one year of service and then vest in equal monthly installments over the next 36 months of service and expire ten years from the date of grant. NSOs vest according to the specific agreement and expire ten years from the date of grant. Early Exercise of Stock Options . The Company’s 2008 Plan allows select employees to exercise options prior to vesting. The Company has a right to repurchase unvested shares acquired upon early exercise of options at the original exercise price upon termination of employment. The repurchase rights will lapse in accordance with the original vesting schedule of the option. Early exercises of options are not deemed to be substantive exercises for accounting purposes and, accordingly, amounts received for early exercises are recorded as a liability included in other long-term liabilities. These amounts are reclassified to common stock as the underlying options vest. As of January 31, 2017 and July 31, 2017, shares held by employees that were subject to repurchase were 49,234 and 57,461, respectively, with an aggregate purchase price of $0.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Repurchase of Common Stock . In 2013, one executive and one non-executive employee exercised stock options early in exchange for full-recourse notes in an amount of $2.2 million bearing annual interest of 1.62% to 1.64% payable to the Company. In addition, one executive employee exercised stock options early in exchange for a partial recourse promissory note in an amount of $6.6 million bearing interest of 1.92% payable to the Company. In May 2017, the executive employee with the full-recourse promissory note was issued 88,520 shares (“Additional Options) of fully vested and exercisable options. In June 2017, the outstanding principal and interest balance of $1.0 million was repaid in full by the executive employee through the Company’s repurchase of 88,520 shares of the executive employee’s common stock. The shares were valued at $13.68 per share, which is the fair market value of the Company’s common stock as determined by the Company’s compensation committee on the date of the repurchase. The Company deems the issuance of 88,520 Additional Options, and its purchase of the shares of common stock issued pursuant to the note, in lieu of forgiving the executive employee’s loan altogether, as a stock repurchase. The Company recorded additional stock-based compensation expense of $0.5 million during the three months ended July 31, 2017, representing the extent that the fair value of the 88,250 Additional Options and the value of the loan forgiven exceeds the fair value of the 88,520 shares of common stock repurchased. In May 2017, the executive employee with the partial recourse promissory note was issued 501,104 Additional Options that are fully vested and exercisable on the date of the grant. In June 2017, the outstanding principal and interest balance of $6.9 million was repaid in full by the executive employee through the Company’s repurchase of 501,104 shares of the executive employee’s common stock. The shares were valued at $13.68 per share, which is the fair market value of the Company’s common stock as determined by the Company’s compensation committee on the date of the repurchase. The repayment of the promissory note through the Company’s repurchase of all 501,104 shares purchased under the note, and the issuance of the 501,104 Additional Options, is treated as a modification of the promissory note. The Company did not record any additional compensation for the modification as the fair value of these Additional Options did not exceed the fair value of the promissory note. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan. In May 2017, the Company adopted the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2017 Plan) and approved the termination of the 2008 Plan, effective concurrently upon the closing of the Company’s IPO. Under the 2017 Plan, 4,537,000 shares of common stock were reserved for the issuance of incentive stock options (ISOs), nonstatutory stock options (NSOs), restricted stock, stock appreciation rights and performance awards to employees and directors of the Company. Options may be granted with exercise prices at no less than 100% of the fair value of the common stock on the date of grant. In addition, shares subject to outstanding awards granted under the 2008 Plan that expire or otherwise terminate without having been exercised in full or are forfeited to the Company due to failure to vest, will be allocated to the 2017 Plan reserve. Options may be granted with exercise prices at no less than 100% of the fair value of the common stock on the date of grant. ISOs and NSOs granted under the 2017 Plan generally will vest 25% after the completion of on year of service and then vest in equal monthly installments over the next 36 months of service and expire ten years from the date of grant. NSOs vest according to the specific agreement and expire ten years from the date of grant. Stock-Based Compensation The following is a summary of shares available for grant under the Company’s stock plans for the year ended January 31, 2017 and the six months ended July 31, 2017: Outstanding—January 31, 2016 156,417 Authorized 1,405,316 Options and RSUs granted (1,240,032 ) Options and RSUs canceled 738,891 Outstanding—January 31, 2017 1,060,592 Authorized 7,024,194 Options and RSUs granted (6,957,545 ) Options and RSUs canceled 3,462,345 Outstanding—July 31, 2017 4,589,586 The following is a summary of stock option activity under the 2008 Plan for the year ended January 31, 2017 and for the six months ended July 31, 2017: Options Outstanding Number of shares underlying outstanding options Weighted- average exercise price Weighted- average remaining contractual term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in years) (in thousands) Outstanding—January 31, 2016 4,421,035 $ 16.34 8.2 $ 59,882 Options granted 920,147 $ 30.25 Options exercised (168,380 ) $ 13.63 Options canceled (704,841 ) $ 19.35 Outstanding—January 31, 2017 4,467,961 $ 18.83 7.5 $ 60,756 Options granted 1,473,046 $ 17.58 Options exercised (720,985 ) $ 9.53 Options canceled (162,495 ) $ 21.76 Outstanding—July 31, 2017 5,057,527 $ 12.78 8.0 $ 891 Vested and exercisable January 31, 2017 2,380,167 $ 13.55 6.8 $ 44,719 July 31, 2017 2,737,763 $ 12.03 7.4 $ 891 Vested and Expected to Vest January 31, 2017 (1) 4,174,361 $ 18.54 7.5 $ 57,552 July 31, 2017 5,057,527 $ 12.78 8.0 $ 891 (1) The expected to vest options are a result of applying the forfeiture rate assumptions to unvested options outstanding. The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying options and the fair value of the common stock for options that had exercise prices that were lower than the fair value per share of the common stock. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised for the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2017 was $0.9 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised for the three months ended July 31, 2016 and 2017 was $0.3 million and $0, respectively. The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2017 was $17.52 and $8.28 per share, respectively. The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the three months ended July 31, 2016 and 2017 was $18.03 and $5.92 per share, respectively. The total grant date fair value of options vested during the six months ended July 31, 2016 and 2017 was $5.5 million and $13.6 million, respectively. The total grant date fair value of options vested during the three months ended July 31, 2016 and 2017 was $2.5 million and $8.8 million, respectively. The valuation model for stock-based compensation expense requires the Company to make assumptions and judgments about the variables used in the calculation, including the expected term (weighted-average period of time that the options granted are expected to be outstanding), the expected volatility of the Company’s common stock, a risk-free interest rate and expected dividend yield. The weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted in the following periods was: Three Months Ended July 31, Six Months Ended July 31, 2016 2017 2016 2017 Risk-free interest rate 1.39 % 1.81 % 1.51 % 1.86 % Expected term (in years) 6.02 5.31 6.06 5.45 Expected volatility 64.70 % 46.05 % 63.11 % 47.96 % Dividend yield - - - - The fair value of each grant of stock options was determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The inputs used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is subjective and generally requires significant judgment to determine. All stock-based payment awards are amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which are generally the vesting periods. Compensation expense related to options granted to non-employees is recognized as the equity instruments vest, and such options are revalued at each reporting date. As a result, compensation expense related to unvested options granted to non-employees fluctuates as the fair value of the Company’s common stock fluctuates. Restricted Stock Units The Company grants RSUs to its executives, employees, and members of the Board. The Board determines the vesting conditions for RSUs and the period over which the RSUs will vest and be settled. RSUs convert into common stock upon vesting and settlement. Performance RSUs . The Company grants RSUs that contain vesting requirements that must be satisfied on or before the expiration date of the RSUs in order for an RSU to vest (in whole or in part): (i) a time and service-based requirement and (ii) performance conditions (altogether, PSUs). The time and service-based requirement is met by the recipient’s continuing employment and service with the Company from grant date through the applicable date. In general, the time and service-based requirement is two years. The performance conditions consist of the occurrence of a liquidity event and, in some instances, individual performance conditions by the recipient. The liquidity event performance condition is not satisfied unless and until the earlier to occur of (i) a change of control or (ii) the first date following the expiration of all lockup and blackout periods following an IPO; in either case, prior to the expiration date of the PSU and subject to the recipient’s continuing employment and service with the Company through the applicable date. Stock-based compensation expense is measured and recognized in the financial statements based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized, net of estimated and actual forfeitures, over the requisite service period of the award, and upon performance conditions being met. A summary of the RSU activity during the six months ended July 31, 2017 is presented below: Shares Weighted average grant date fair value per share Outstanding January 31, 2017 285,835 $ 30.60 Awarded 2,193,088 $ 19.41 Released - - Forfeited (42,928 ) $ 29.45 Outstanding July 31, 2017 2,435,995 $ 20.55 Employee Stock Purchase Plan In May 2017, the Board of the Company authorized and approved a 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). A total of 907,000 shares of common stock were initially reserved for issuance under the ESPP. The number of shares of common stock available for sale under the ESPP will also include an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year beginning in fiscal 2019, equal to the lesser of: 907,000 shares, 1% of the outstanding shares of classes of common stock as of the last day of the Company’s immediately preceding fiscal year, or such other amount as may be determined by the Board. The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a discount through payroll deductions of up to 15% of eligible compensation, subject to caps of $25,000 of value in any calendar year and 2,000 shares on any purchase date. The ESPP provides for 24-month offering periods generally beginning March and September of each year, with the exception of the initial offering period which commenced on June 29, 2017. Each offering period consists of four six-month purchase periods with the initial offering period having its first purchase on March 20, 2018. On each purchase date, participating employees will purchase common stock at a price per share equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on (i) the first trading day of the applicable offering period and (2) the last trading day of each purchase period in the applicable offering period. If the stock price of the Company's common stock on any purchase date in an offering period is less than the stock price on the first trading day of that offering period, participants will be withdrawn from the current offering period following their purchase of shares on the purchase date and will be automatically re-enrolled in a new offering period. For the first offering period, which began on June 29, 2017, the fair market value of the common stock used for the first offering period was $7.00, the IPO price of the Company’s common stock. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of shares purchased under the ESPP with the following weighted average assumptions on the date of the grant: Three Months Ended July 31, Six Months Ended July 31, 2016 2017 2016 2017 Risk-free interest rate n/a 1.24 % n/a 1.24 % Expected term (in years) n/a 1.44 n/a 1.44 Expected volatility n/a 43.00 % n/a 43.00 % Dividend yield n/a - n/a - Stock-Based Compensation Expense Total stock-based compensation expense recognized for stock award in the consolidated statements of operations is as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended July 31, Six Months Ended July 31, 2016 2017 2016 2017 Stock-based compensation: Cost of product revenue 67 690 129 761 Cost of support and maintenance revenue 96 538 172 653 Research and development 1,384 8,380 2,860 9,656 Sales and marketing 1,027 4,638 2,250 5,682 General and administrative 1,069 8,207 2,030 9,166 Total stock-based compensation expense 3,643 22,453 7,441 25,918 Total stock-based compensation expense recognized for stock awards in the consolidated statements of operations by type of awards is as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended July 31, Six Months Ended July 31, 2016 2017 2016 2017 Stock-based compensation: Stock options (1) 3,643 9,865 7,441 13,330 RSUs - 12,398 - 12,398 ESPP - 190 - 190 Total stock-based compensation expense 3,643 22,453 7,441 25,918 (1) In May 2017, the Company repriced each outstanding and unexercised stock option held by current service providers with an exercise price in excess of $13.68 per share (each, an "Eligible Option"), to a new exercise price of $13.68 per share, which is no less than the fair market value of the Company's common stock as determined by the Company's compensation committee on the date of repricing. Eligible Options covering 3,291,783 shares of the Company's common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $24.31 were repriced. Additional stock-based compensation expense related to this repricing is $7.3 million, of which $2.6 million was recognized immediately on the date of repricing for Eligible Options that have vested. As of July 31, 2017, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the outstanding stock awards was $73.9 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.2 years. Common Stock Warrants In connection with the Loan and Security Agreement with SVB, the Company issued immediately exercisable and fully vested warrants to purchase 4,167 shares of common stock. The fair value of the warrant was $27,000 and was recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. In July 2013, upon drawing down on the term loan, the Company issued the lender a warrant to purchase an additional 20,833 shares of common stock. The warrants have an exercise price of $7.80. The warrants expire in May 2023. The Company determined the fair value of the additional common stock warrants on the date of issuance to be $0.1 million, which was recorded as a debt discount. The debt discount was amortized to interest expense over the loan term using the effective-interest rate method. In connection with the total term loan balance being repaid during the year ended January 31, 2015, the unamortized debt discount of $0.1 million was written off. In June 2017, the Company amended its certificate of incorporation to eliminate certain variable rate adjustments to the conversion ratios of the Series E, E-1 and F Convertible Preferred Stock and replaced them with certain fixed conversion ratios. As an integral part of the transaction, the Company issued warrants to purchase up to 1,666,665 shares of common stock to the Series E-2 and F-2 Holders. The warrants will become exercisable for ten years from the date of grant and have an exercise price of $16.44 per share. The warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis. The warrants from this arrangement remain outstanding as of July 31, 2017. In addition, immediately prior to the closing of the Company’s IPO, all convertible preferred stock warrants automatically converted into common stock warrants. Accordingly, the Company revalued the convertible preferred stock warrants and reclassified the outstanding preferred stock warrant liability balance to additional paid-in capital with no further remeasurements as the common stock warrants are now deemed permanent equity. As a result of the automatic conversion, 68,633 shares of convertible preferred stock warrants converted into an aggregate 205,897 shares of common stock warrants. Of the 205,897 shares of common stock warrants, 34,058 shares will not be exercisable until such time that additional loan amount of $10.0 million under the New Facility Agreement is drawn |