Fair value of financial instruments | Fair value of financial instruments The following table sets forth the fair value of financial assets and liabilities by level within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 ($ in thousands): Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Quoted prices in active markets Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices Unobservable inputs September 30, 2015 Recurring basis (assets) Mortgage loans $ — $ — $ 1,380,575 Nonrecurring basis (assets) Real estate assets held for sale $ — $ — $ 146,646 Transfer of real estate owned to mortgage loans $ — $ — $ 8,275 Transfer of mortgage loans to real estate owned $ — $ — $ 367,653 Not recognized on consolidated balance sheets at fair value (assets) Mortgage loans held for sale $ — $ — $ 254,835 Not recognized on consolidated balance sheets at fair value (liabilities) Repurchase agreements at fair value $ — $ 929,478 $ — Other secured borrowings $ — $ 510,608 $ — December 31, 2014 Recurring basis (assets) Mortgage loans $ — $ — $ 1,959,044 Nonrecurring basis (assets) Real estate assets held for sale $ — $ — $ 96,041 Transfer of real estate owned to mortgage loans $ — $ — $ 8,400 Transfer of mortgage loans to real estate owned $ — $ — $ 595,668 Not recognized on consolidated balance sheets at fair value (assets) Mortgage loans held for sale $ — $ — $ 12,535 Not recognized on consolidated balance sheets at fair value (liabilities) Repurchase agreements at fair value $ — $ 1,015,000 $ — Other secured borrowings $ — $ 336,409 $ — We have not transferred any assets from one level to another level during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 or during the year ended December 31, 2014 . The carrying values of our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, related party receivables, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, related party payables and, until NewSource's repurchase of our shares in September 2015, our investment in NewSource are equal to or approximate fair value. The fair value of mortgage loans is estimated using our asset manager's proprietary pricing model. The fair value of real estate assets held for sale is estimated using BPOs, estimated sales prices from pending contracts, and discounted cash flow models. The fair value of transfers of mortgage loans to real estate owned is estimated using BPOs. The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is based on the pricing in a pending sale. The fair value of re-performing mortgage loans held for sale is estimated using the present value of the future estimated principal and interest payments of the loan, with the discount rate used in the present value calculation representing the estimated effective yield of the loans, considering a market participant view. The fair value of the repurchase agreements is estimated using the income approach based on credit spreads available to us currently in the market for similar floating rate debt. The fair value of other secured borrowings is estimated using observable market data. The following table sets forth the changes in our level 3 assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis ($ in thousands): Three months ended September 30, 2015 Three months ended September 30, 2014 Nine months ended September 30, 2015 Nine months ended September 30, 2014 Mortgage loans Beginning balance $ 1,716,489 $ 2,024,028 $ 1,959,044 $ 1,207,163 Investment in mortgage loans — 184,590 — 1,097,601 Net unrealized gain on mortgage loans 27,499 88,726 130,842 258,898 Net realized gain on mortgage loans 12,874 13,727 47,528 33,867 Transfer of mortgage loans to mortgage loans held for sale (250,346 ) — (250,346 ) — Mortgage loan dispositions and payments (57,882 ) (60,062 ) (205,120 ) (143,834 ) Real estate tax advances to borrowers 6,611 6,397 18,002 19,119 Reclassification of realized gains on real estate sold from unrealized gains 16,026 3,322 40,003 4,237 Transfer of real estate owned to mortgage loans 5,410 719 8,275 5,367 Transfer of mortgage loans to real estate owned (96,106 ) (189,942 ) (367,653 ) (410,913 ) Ending balance at September 30 $ 1,380,575 $ 2,071,505 $ 1,380,575 $ 2,071,505 Net unrealized gain on mortgage loans held at the end of the period $ 13,022 $ 55,558 $ 93,874 $ 164,378 The following table sets forth the fair value of our mortgage loans at fair value, the related unpaid principal balance and market value of underlying properties by delinquency status as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 ($ in thousands): Number of loans Carrying value Unpaid principal balance Market value of underlying properties (1) September 30, 2015 Current 808 $ 134,747 $ 184,084 $ 196,088 30 97 15,506 21,999 25,575 60 50 8,340 12,937 12,292 90 1,308 195,160 311,326 287,174 Foreclosure 5,348 1,026,822 1,415,239 1,338,722 Mortgage loans 7,611 $ 1,380,575 $ 1,945,585 $ 1,859,851 December 31, 2014 Current 670 $ 107,467 $ 159,731 $ 160,654 30 109 15,424 22,629 24,046 60 57 7,921 11,624 12,510 90 2,286 361,434 569,930 544,709 Foreclosure 7,841 1,466,798 2,172,047 1,951,606 Mortgage loans 10,963 $ 1,959,044 $ 2,935,961 $ 2,693,525 _____________ (1) Market value is based on the most recent BPO provided to us by the applicable seller for each property in the respective portfolio as of its cut-off date or an updated BPO received since the acquisition was completed. The following table sets forth the carrying value of our mortgage loans held for sale, the related unpaid principal balance and market value of underlying properties by delinquency status as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 ($ in thousands): Number of loans Carrying value Unpaid principal balance Market value of underlying properties (1) September 30, 2015 Current 19 $ 4,152 $ 5,502 $ 10,235 30 2 291 384 467 60 2 322 458 418 90 229 70,432 94,907 109,879 Foreclosure 662 179,638 253,970 273,012 Mortgage loans held for sale 914 $ 254,835 $ 355,221 $ 394,011 December 31, 2014 Current 68 $ 8,317 $ 11,938 $ 15,154 30 6 $ 1,118 $ 1,667 $ 2,004 60 4 $ 359 $ 644 $ 670 90 24 $ 2,741 $ 4,149 $ 4,624 Mortgage loans held for sale 102 $ 12,535 $ 18,398 $ 22,452 _____________ (1) Market value is based on the most recent BPO provided to us by the applicable seller for each property in the respective portfolio as of its cut-off date or an updated BPO received since the acquisition was completed. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of our mortgage loans are discount rates, forecasts of future home prices, alternate loan resolution probabilities, resolution timelines and the value of underlying properties. Significant changes in any of these inputs in isolation could result in a significant change to the fair value measurement. A decline in the discount rate in isolation would increase the fair value. A decrease in the housing pricing index in isolation would decrease the fair value. Individual loan characteristics such as location and value of underlying collateral affect the loan resolution probabilities and timelines. An increase in the loan resolution timeline in isolation would decrease the fair value. A decrease in the value of underlying properties in isolation would decrease the fair value. The following table sets forth quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used to measure the fair value of our mortgage loans as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 : Input September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 Equity discount rate 15.0% 15.0% Debt to asset ratio 65.0% 65.0% Cost of funds 3.5% over 1 month LIBOR 3.5% over 1 month LIBOR Annual change in home pricing index 0% to 7.5% -0.1% to 7.6% Loan resolution probabilities — modification 0% to 44.7% 0% to 44.7% Loan resolution probabilities — rental 0% to 100.0% 0% to 100.0% Loan resolution probabilities — liquidation 0% to 100.0% 0% to 100.0% Loan resolution timelines (in years) 0.1 to 5.3 0.1 to 5.3 Value of underlying properties $300 - $5,500,000 $3,000 - $5,300,000 |