SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | ' |
Use of Estimates | ' |
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Use of Estimates |
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The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on a regular basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material. |
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Restricted Cash and Equivalents | ' |
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Restricted Cash and Equivalents |
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We are required under agreements with our chief executive officer ("CEO") and an officer in our Sand segment (the "Sand Officer") to establish and maintain Rabbi Trusts which are used to fund deferred compensation as described in the agreements. Restricted cash and equivalents are invested in short-term instruments at market rates; therefore the carrying values approximate fair value. |
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Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | ' |
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Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
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Trade accounts receivable are recognized at their invoiced amounts and do not bear interest. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. We estimate our allowances for doubtful accounts based on specifically identified amounts that are believed to be uncollectible. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances for doubtful accounts might be required. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $0.3 million at December 31, 2013, and $0.1 million at December 31, 2012. |
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Inventories | ' |
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Inventories |
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Finished goods inventories consist of dried sand and refined motor fuel products. All inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market using the average cost method. Raw materials inventories consist of wet-sand stockpiles and transmix feedstock. Raw materials inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market using the average cost method. Overhead in our Sand segment is capitalized at an average rate per unit based on actual costs incurred. Our Fuel segment does not capitalize overhead to its refined transmix inventory because turnover is high and the quantities are generally modest in comparison to our finished fuel inventories we purchase from third party refiners. |
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Accounting for Renewable Identification Numbers | ' |
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Accounting for Renewable Identification Numbers |
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The Fuel segment is required to comply with federal laws that regulate biofuels and renewable identification numbers ("RINs"). RINs are serial numbers assigned to biofuels for the purpose of tracking its production, use, and trading as required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (the "EPA") under its Renewable Fuel Standard implemented according to the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Generally, companies that refine petroleum-based fuels are obligated to meet certain quotas based on the volume of fuel they introduce into the marketplace. We are required to satisfy these obligations to the extent previously non-certified fuels are included or introduced into transmix feedstock. We account for these direct obligations as a liability until satisfied. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, accrued liabilities include $41 thousand and $0, respectively, for obligations under the Energy Policy Act of 2005. |
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The Fuel segment routinely purchases ethanol for blending with gasoline. To a lesser extent, the Fuel segment purchases biodiesel for blending with diesel. We have the option to purchase these biofuels with or without RINs, but most biofuels are only available for purchase with RINs. The price suppliers charge to us for biofuels with RINs is somewhat higher than a price that would be charged for product without RINs. We generally purchase the biofuels with RINs. We account for RINs in a manner similar to the purchase of conventional fuels. On a monthly basis, we sell most of our RINs under a contractual arrangement with a major refiner. For RINs that remain unsold at the end of an accounting period, we value this asset at an amount that approximates net realizable value, recording the offset as a reduction in cost of goods sold. When these RINs are sold, we record the sale as a reduction of costs of goods sold instead of additional revenue, effectively offsetting the charge to cost of goods sold when the RINs asset is relieved. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, prepaid expenses and other current assets include RINs valued at $0.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively. |
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Direct Financing Lease Receivable | ' |
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Direct Financing Lease Receivable |
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In July 2012, we entered into an agreement with a third party in which we built a wet sand processing plant and the third party agreed to operate the plant for the purpose of processing wet sand. We pay a specified fee per ton of processed sand purchased by us for the ten-year term of the agreement, and the full amount is recorded as raw materials cost. In turn, we withhold a fixed fee per ton as payment by the third party for eventual transfer of ownership of the plant. The initial cost of the plant totaling $2.7 million was recognized as a direct financing lease receivable in September 2012. The fee from the third party will no longer be withheld when we recover the full cost of the plant, including interest at 6.0% per annum. We anticipate receiving the full amount of this receivable within two years from inception of the agreement and, accordingly, we classified a portion of the receivable as a current asset based on our anticipated processed sand purchases. We routinely monitor compliance with payment terms and assess the account for collectability. |
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Property, Plant and Equipment, net | ' |
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Property, Plant and Equipment, net |
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We recognize purchases of property, plant and equipment at cost, including capitalized interest. Maintenance, repairs and renewals are expensed when incurred. Additions and significant improvements are capitalized. Disposals are removed at cost less accumulated depreciation and any gain or loss from dispositions is recognized in income. We capitalized $0, $1.0 million and $0.2 million of interest on construction of assets for the years ended December 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
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Depreciation of property, plant and equipment other than mineral reserves is provided for on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. We recognized $13.7 million, $8.8 million and $6.4 million of depreciation expense for 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
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Mineral reserves are initially recognized at cost, which approximates the estimated fair value as of the date of acquisition. The provision for depletion of the cost of mineral resources is computed on the units-of-production method. Under this method, we compute the provision by multiplying the total cost of the mineral resources by a rate arrived at dividing the physical units of sand produced during the period by the total estimated mineral resources at the beginning of the period. Depletion expense for 2013, 2012 and 2011 totaled $29,070, $46,221 and $46,574, respectively. |
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Following are the estimated useful lives of our property, plant and equipment: |
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| | Useful Lives (in Years) | | | | | |
Building and land improvements including assets under capital lease | | 10 – 39 | | | | | |
Mineral reserves | | N/A* | | | | | |
Tanks and equipment | | 7 – 40 | | | | | |
Railroad and related improvements | | 20 – 40 | | | | | |
Machinery and equipment | | 5 – 10 | | | | | |
Plant equipment including assets under capital lease | | 5 – 7 | | | | | |
Industrial vehicles | | 3 – 7 | | | | | |
Furniture, office equipment, and software | | 3 – 7 | | | | | |
Leasehold improvements | | 3 – 5 or lease term, whichever is less | | | | | |
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Depletion calculated using units-of-production method |
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Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets | ' |
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Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets |
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In accordance with FASB ASC 360-10-05, Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, long-lived assets such as property, plant, and equipment, and intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amount may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset be tested for possible impairment, we first compare undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by an asset to the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less selling costs. The recoverability of intangible assets subject to amortization is also evaluated whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. In management's opinion, no impairment of long-lived assets exists at December 31, 2013 and 2012. |
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In 2011, our management made a decision to sell a parcel of land which was not a revenue generating asset. The expected net proceeds were less than the net book value of the asset at that time, resulting in the recognition of an impairment loss of $0.8 million and adjustment of the carrying value of the land to the fair value less cost to sell in 2011. The asset was sold in 2012 for the expected amount. |
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Intangible Assets Other Than Goodwill | ' |
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Intangible Assets Other Than Goodwill |
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Intangible assets consist of trade names, customer relationships, supply and transportation arrangements, and a non-compete agreement. Trade names are amortized on a straight-line basis over 15 years; customer relationships are amortized using an accelerated amortization method over 15 years; supply and transportation arrangements are amortized using the straight-line method over varying periods up to 54 months, depending on the contract terms; and the non-compete agreement is amortized on a straight-line basis over four years (the term of the agreement). |
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We recognized $7.1 million, $0.3 million and $0.4 million of amortization expense for 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
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Goodwill | ' |
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Goodwill |
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Goodwill is not amortized and represents the excess purchase price of the Direct Fuels acquisition over the estimated fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, goodwill totaled $29.3 million and $0, respectively. As of December 31, 2013, goodwill is associated with our Fuel segment. In accordance with GAAP, we perform impairment testing of goodwill assets annually, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist in interim periods. The impairment test for goodwill uses a two-step process, which is performed at the entity level (the reporting unit). Step one compares the fair value of the reporting unit (calculated using the enterprise value-market capitalization approach) to its carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, there is a potential impairment and step two must be performed. Step two compares the carrying value of the reporting unit's goodwill to the implied fair value (i.e., the fair value of the reporting unit less the fair value of the unit's assets and liabilities, including identifiable intangible assets). If the carrying value of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, we record the excess as an impairment charge to earnings. |
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We performed our annual assessment of goodwill in the fourth quarter of 2013, and determined during Step one that the fair value of the reporting unit (our Fuel segment) exceeds its carrying value. Therefore, it was not necessary to perform Step two of the analysis. |
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Other Assets, Net | ' |
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Other Assets, Net |
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Deferred financing costs |
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Financing costs that are directly and incrementally associated with new borrowings are capitalized and amortized over the term of the related debt using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method. The balances of net deferred financing costs were $3.5 million and $3.4 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. |
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Deferred public offering costs |
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At December 31, 2012 we had recorded $3.7 million of direct and incremental professional fees incurred related to our IPO. We initially deferred these costs and subsequently charged them against IPO proceeds in 2013. |
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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities | ' |
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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities |
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We account for derivatives and hedging activities in accordance with FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, which requires entities to recognize all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet at their respective fair values. For financial instruments that do not qualify as an accounting hedge, changes in fair value of the assets and liabilities are recognized in earnings. Our policy is to not hold or issue derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. |
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Asset Retirement Obligations | ' |
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Asset Retirement Obligations |
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We follow the provisions of FASB ASC 410-20, Asset Retirement Obligations, which generally applies to legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets that result from the acquisition, construction, development and/or the normal operation of a long-lived asset. The standard requires us to recognize an estimated liability for costs associated with the future reclamation of sand mining properties, whether leased or owned, whenever we have a legal obligation to restore the site in the future. |
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A liability for the fair value of an asset retirement obligation with a corresponding increase to the carrying value of the related long-lived asset is recognized at the time the land is mined. The asset is depleted using the straight-line method, and the discounted liability is increased through accretion over the remaining life of the mine site. |
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The estimated liability is based on historical industry experience in abandoning mine sites, including estimated economic lives, external estimates as to the cost to bringing back the land to federal and state regulatory requirements. We have utilized a discounted rate reflecting management's best estimate of our credit-adjusted risk-free rate. Revisions to the liability could occur due to changes in the estimated costs, changes in the mine's economic life or if federal or state regulators enact new requirements regarding the abandonment of mine sites. |
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Changes in the asset retirement obligations are as follows: |
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| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | |
| | ($ in thousands) | |
Beginning balance | | $ | 690 | | $ | 432 | |
Additions | | | 721 | | | 258 | |
Accretion | | | 3 | | | - | |
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Ending balance | | $ | 1,414 | | $ | 690 | |
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Revenue Recognition | ' |
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Revenue Recognition |
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Our revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery of products has occurred, the sales price charged is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. This generally means that we recognize revenue when our products leave our facilities. Sand and fuel are generally transported via railcar or trucking companies hired by the customer. |
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We sell some of our Sand segment products under short-term price agreements or at prevailing market rates. A significant portion of our Sand segment revenues are realized through take-or-pay supply agreements with large oilfield services companies. The initial terms of these contracts expire between 2013 and 2021. These agreements define, among other commitments, the volume of product that our customers must purchase, the volume we must provide and the price that we will charge, as well as the rate that our customers will pay. Prices under these agreements are generally fixed and subject to adjustment, upward or downward, only for certain changes in published producer cost indices or market factors. With respect to the take-or-pay arrangements, if the customer is unable to carry forward minimum quantity deficiencies, we recognize Sand segment revenues to the extent of the minimum contracted quantity, assuming payment has been received or is reasonably assured. If deficiencies can be carried forward, receipts in excess of actual sales are recognized as deferred revenues until product is actually delivered or the right to carry forward minimum quantities expires. |
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For customers that advance monies to the Sand segment under a contractual arrangement, we record revenue at the time of product delivery. At delivery, we reduce the liability "advances from customers" and record the revenue. As of December 31, 2013, we have satisfied the customer advances in full. |
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We recognize Fuel segment revenue related to our terminals, reclamation, transportation services, and sales of motor fuels, net of trade discounts and allowances, in the reporting period in which the services are performed and motor fuel products are transferred from our terminals, title and risk of ownership pass to the customer, collection of the relevant receivable is probable, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists and the sales price is fixed or determinable. |
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Motor Fuel Taxes | ' |
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Motor Fuel Taxes |
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We report excise taxes on motor fuels on a gross basis. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, excise taxes included in fuel revenues and cost of fuel totaled $47.0 million, $37.8 million and $19.6 million, respectively. |
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Equity-Based Compensation and Equity Incentive Plan | ' |
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Equity-Based Compensation and Equity Incentive Plan |
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We recognize expenses for equity-based compensation based on the fair value method, which requires that a fair value be assigned to a unit grant on its grant date and that this value be amortized over the grantees' required service period. Restricted and phantom units have a fair value equal to the fair market price of the common units on the date of the grant. We amortize the fair value of the restricted and phantom units over the vesting period using the straight-line method. The fair value of a certain equity award to a key employee was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation. We calculated a forfeiture rate to estimate the equity-based awards that will ultimately vest based on types of awards and historical experience. For performance-based awards, we make estimates as to the probability of the underlying performance being achieved and record expense if the performance will probably be achieved. |
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Environmental Costs | ' |
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Environmental Costs |
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Environmental costs are expensed or capitalized depending on their future economic benefit. Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations and that have no future economic benefits are expensed. We capitalize expenditures that extend the life of the related property or mitigate or prevent future environmental risk. We record liabilities when site restoration and environmental remediation, cleanup and other obligations are either known or considered probable and can be reasonably estimated. Such estimates require judgment with respect to costs, time frame and extent of required remedial and clean-up activities and are subject to periodic adjustments based on currently available information. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had no accrued expenses related to environmental costs. |
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Provision for Income Taxes | ' |
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Provision for Income Taxes |
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For federal income tax purposes, we report our income, expenses, gains, and losses as a partnership not subject to income taxes. As such, each partner is responsible for his or her share of federal and state income tax. Net earnings for financial statement purposes may differ significantly from taxable income reportable to each partner as a result of differences between the tax basis and financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities. |
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We are responsible for our portion of the Texas margin tax that is included in our subsidiaries' consolidated Texas franchise tax returns. The margin tax qualifies as an income tax under GAAP, which requires us to recognize the impact of this tax on the temporary differences between the financial statement assets and liabilities and their tax basis attributable to such tax. |
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Emerge Energy Distributors Inc. ("Distributor"), our subsidiary that supports the Fuel segment, reports its income, expenses, gains, and losses as a corporation and is subject to both federal and state income taxes. Our provision for income taxes relates to: (i) Texas margin taxes for the Partnership and for Distributor, as well as (ii) federal and state income taxes for Distributor. |
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Fair Value of Financial Instruments | ' |
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Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
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Fair value is an exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Hierarchy Levels 1, 2, or 3 are terms for the priority of inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. Hierarchy Level 1inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Hierarchy Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included with Level 1 that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability. Hierarchy Level 3 inputs are inputs that are not observable in the market. |
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Our financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and debt instruments. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable are representative of their fair values due to their short maturities. As of December 31, 2013, the carrying amount for our $200 million senior secured revolving credit facility approximates fair value because the underlying instrument includes provisions that adjust our interest rates based on current market rates. |
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Concentration of Credit Risk | ' |
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Concentration of Credit Risk |
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Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentration of credit risk are cash and cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. Our cash and cash equivalents were fully insured as of December 31, 2012 due to a temporary federal program in effect from December 31, 2010 through December 31, 2012. Under the program, there is no limit to the amount of insurance for eligible accounts. Beginning in 2013, insurance coverage reverted to $250,000 per depositor at each financial institution and certain of our cash balances did exceed federally insured limits as of December 31, 2013. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents in financial institutions we consider to be of high credit quality. |
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We provide credit, in the normal course of business, to customers located throughout the United States and Canada. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and generally do not require collateral. In addition, we regularly evaluate our credit accounts for loss potential. |
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Our largest customer balance represented 14% of our net accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2013 while the top two customer balances represented 15% and 14% as of December 31, 2012, respectively. No other customer balance exceeded 10% of the total net accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2013 and 2012. |
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No individual customer represented more than 10% of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2013 while one customer individually represented 15% and 10% of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
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Segments | ' |
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Segments |
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We operate our business in two reportable segments. |
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The Sand segment consists of the production and sale of various grades of industrial sand primarily used in the extraction of oil and natural gas, as well as the production of building products and foundry materials. |
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The Fuel segment operates two terminals and two transmix processing facilities that are located in the Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas area and Birmingham, Alabama. In addition to refining transmix, the Fuel segment sells a suite of complementary fuel products and services, including third-party terminaling services, the sale of wholesale petroleum products, certain reclamation services (which consist primarily of tank cleaning services) and blending of renewable fuels. |
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For operations and other Partnership activities not managed through our two operating segments, these items of income, if any, and costs are presented herein as "corporate." Our chief operating decision maker ("CODM") is our chief executive officer. The CODM allocates resources and assesses performance of the business based on segment income or loss as presented in Note 15. |
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Seasonality |
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For our Sand segment, winter weather affects the months during which we can wash and wet-process sand in Wisconsin. Seasonality is not a significant factor in determining our ability to supply sand to our customers because we accumulate a stockpile of wet sand feedstock during non-winter months. During the winter, we process the stockpiled sand to meet customer requirements. However, we sell sand for use in oil and natural gas production basins where severe weather conditions may curtail drilling activities. This is particularly true in drilling areas located in the northern U.S. and western Canada. If severe winter weather precludes drilling activities, our frac sand sales volume may be adversely affected. Generally, severe weather episodes affect production in the first quarter with possible effect continuing into the second quarter. Generally, our Fuel segment does not experience dramatic seasonal shifts in quantities delivered to its customers. |
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Other Reclassifications | ' |
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Other Reclassifications |
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We reclassified certain prior period financial statement balances to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on net income or loss. |
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements | ' |
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
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There have been no recent accounting pronouncements that have had or will have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. |
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