Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies A detailed description of our significant accounting policies can be found in our f inancial statements for our fiscal year ended April 30, 2018, which is included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K . Except for the accounting policy for revenue recognition related to adopting ASC 606, discussed below, and the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2016-16, Intra-Entity Transfer of Assets Other Than Inventory , (ASU 2016-16), there have been no changes to our significant accounting policies that have had a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes. The following Notes should be read in conjunction with such policies and other disclosures contained therein. Revenue Recognition We apply the provisions of ASC 606 to determine the measurement of revenue and the timing of when it is recognized. Under ASC 606, revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to, in exchange for transferring products or providing services to our customers, and is recognized when performance obligations under the terms of contracts with our customers are satisfied. ASC 606 prescribes a five-step model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers: (1) identify contract(s) with the customer; (2) identify the separate performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the separate performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied. We account for contracts with our customers when both parties have approved the contract and are committed to perform their respective obligations, each party’s rights regarding products or services to be transferred are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collection of the consideration is probable. We utilize written contracts as the means to establish the terms and conditions by which our products, product updates and support and/or consulting services are sold to our customers. Performance obligations are promises in a contract to transfer distinct products or services to our customers and is the unit of account under ASC 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and revenue is recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied. A product or service is a distinct performance obligation if our customer can both benefit from the product or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and it is separately identifiable from other items within the context of the contract. Performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of the product or service to our customers. Control of the product or service is transferred either at a point in time or over time depending on the performance obligation. Our revenues are generated primarily by providing access to our SaaS subscriptions, licensing our software, providing product updates and support related to our licensed products, and providing consulting services to our customers. Generally, revenue from software license sales is recognized upon delivery; revenues from SaaS subscriptions and product updates and support are recognized ratably over time; and revenues from consulting services are recognized as performed. Revenue is recorded net of applicable taxes. Our specific revenue recognition policies are as follows: SaaS Subscriptions Our SaaS subscriptions revenues are primarily from granting customers the right to access software products through our cloud-based SaaS subscription offerings. Under a SaaS subscription agreement, our customer receives a right to access the software for a specified period of time in an environment hosted, supported, and maintained by Infor. SaaS subscription services are a single performance obligation satisfied over time, and associated revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contract term once the software is made available to the customer. Our SaaS subscription offerings are typically sold with one to five -year subscription terms, generally invoiced in advance of each annual subscription period, and are non-cancelable during the committed subscription term. Consulting services sold in conjunction with SaaS offerings such as implementation, configuration, customization, training, and data conversion services are considered separate performance obligations. Consequently, they are recognized separately from the SaaS subscription agreement, and applicable revenue is typically recognized as the services are delivered. See Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligation s below. Software License Fees Our software license fees revenues are primarily from sales of perpetual software licenses, granting customers the license right to use our software products, with no expiration date. Perpetual software licenses are satisfied at a point in time, and associated revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of the software. Certain of our software products are offered as term-based license contracts, under which we grant customers the license right to use the software for a specified period. Term software licenses are satisfied at a point in time and associated revenue is recognized upon the later of 1) delivery of the software, or 2) the beginning of the period in which the customer has received the license right to use the software. For customer contracts that include software license fees, implementation and/or other consulting services, the portion of the transaction price allocated to software licenses is generally recognized when delivered. The implementation and consulting services are typically distinct performance obligations and qualify for separate recognition. The portion of the transaction price allocated to implementation and other consulting services is generally recognized as such services are performed. See Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligation s below. Product Updates and Support Fees Our product updates and support services entitle our customers to receive, for an agreed upon period, unspecified product upgrades (when and if available), release updates, regulatory updates and patches, as well as support services including access to technical information and technical support staff. These post contract support (PCS) services are stand-ready performance obligations that are satisfied over time, and considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same with the same duration and measure of progress. Revenues for PCS services are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the service period. The term of our product updates and support services agreements are typically 12 months and are invoiced annually in advance of the service period. Consulting Services and Other Fees We also provide consulting services, including systems implementation and integration services, consulting, training, and application managed services. Our consulting services are contracted for in conjunction with the licensing of our software products or SaaS subscription offerings and/or on a standalone basis. Most of our services are sold under specific software services agreement terms, are priced separately from other promises, and meet the criteria for being considered separate performance obligations as they do not significantly customize or modify the software, are generally not essential to the functionality of our software products, and are also available from third-party vendors and systems integrators. The majority of our consulting services agreements are provided under time and materials contracts, and the performance obligations are satisfied and related revenues are recognized over time as the services are provided. Our fixed price service contracts typically qualify as performance obligations that are satisfied over time and therefore are recognized on a proportional performance basis. For these fixed price projects, progress is measured based on labor hours performed to date relative to the total expected labor hours to complete the project. When it cannot be demonstrated that services meet the criteria for recognition over time, revenue from fixed price engagements is recognized only at points in time when the customer obtains control of promised products. Consulting services and other fees also include hosting services. Customers who elect to host their software licenses by Infor have the contractual right to take possession of the software at any time during the hosted period. The customer has the right to choose not to renew hosting services upon its expiration and can deploy the software internally or contract with another party unrelated to Infor to host the software. The software provides standalone usage and functionality and, therefore, is not dependent upon the hosting service. Therefore, customers can self-host and any penalties to do so are insignificant. Accordingly, fees allocated to the hosting performance obligation are recognized once the service begins, separate from software licenses, and then ratably over the term of the hosting service. Consulting services and other fees also include education services and fees related to Inforum, our customer event. Revenues related to these services are recognized when the services are provided or when the fees are received. Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligation We also enter into contracts that may include a combination of our various products and services offerings including SaaS subscriptions, software licenses, product updates and support, consulting services, and hosting services. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we account for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. Significant judgment may be required to identify distinct obligations within a contract. The total transaction price is allocated to the individual performance obligations based on the ratio of the relative established standalone selling prices (SSP), or our best estimate of SSP, of each distinct product or service in the contract. Revenue is then recognized for each distinct performance obligation as described in the specific revenue recognition policies above. Contract Modifications Contract modifications may create new, or change existing, enforceable rights and obligations of the parties to the contract. We generally modify an existing contract using a new order form, an addendum, a signed service change order, or new services work orders. A contract modification is accounted for as a new contract if it reflects an increase in scope that is regarded as distinct from the original contract and is priced in-line with the standalone selling price for the related product or services obligated. If a contract modification is not considered a new contract, the modification is combined with the original contract and the impact on the revenue recognition profile depends on whether the remaining products and services are distinct from the original contract. If the remaining goods or services are distinct from those in the original contract, all remaining performance obligations will be accounted for on a prospective basis with unrecognized consideration allocated to the remaining performance obligations. If the remaining goods or services are not distinct, the modification will be treated as if it were a part of the existing contract, and the effect that the contract modification has on the transaction price, and on our measure of progress toward satisfaction of the performance obligations, is recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) at the date of the contract modification on a cumulative catch-up basis. Contract Balances The timing of our revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to our customers, and these timing differences result in receivables, contract assets, or contract liabilities which are reflected on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We record contract assets when we have transferred software products or provided services but do not yet have the right to related consideration, or contract liabilities when we have received or have the right to receive consideration but have not yet transferred software products or provided services to our customers. Contract balances are classified as assets or liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Receivables and Contract Assets – We classify the right to consideration in exchange for software products or services transferred to our customers as either a receivable or a contract asset depending on whether those rights are conditional or unconditional. A receivable is a right to consideration that is unconditional as compared to a contract asset, which is a right to consideration that is conditional upon factors other than the passage of time. Receivables are comprised of gross amounts due from customers for which we have an unconditional right to collect. The gross amount invoiced includes pass-through taxes and fees, which are recorded as liabilities at the time they are billed. We offset amounts billed and deferred revenue for invoices not billed under a committed contract for which the subscription period has not started as of the balance sheet date. We record receivables within accounts receivable, net, on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 6, Accounts Receivable, Net . Contract assets relate to unbilled accounts receivable, which represent revenue recognized on arrangements for which billings have not yet been presented to customers because the amounts were earned but not contractually billable as of the balance sheet date, and the right to consideration is generally subject to milestone completion, client acceptance or factors other than the passage of time. We record contract assets within other current assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, we have determined that our contracts do not include a significant financing component as the period between transfers of goods/services and payment is generally less than one year. The primary purpose of our invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing our software products and related services, not to receive financing from our customers or to provide customers with financing. Contract Liabilities - Deferred Revenues - We record contract liabilities as deferred revenues when we have received or have the right to receive consideration but have not yet transferred software products or provided services to our customers. Deferred revenues represent amounts billed or payments received from customers for SaaS subscriptions, software licenses, product updates and support and/or consulting services in advance of recognizing revenue or performing services. We defer revenue for these undelivered performance obligations and recognize revenues when the applicable software products are delivered or over the periods in which the services are performed, in accordance with our revenue recognition policy for such performance obligations. We classify deferred revenue as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize revenue. The noncurrent portion of deferred revenue is included in other long-term liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table summarizes our contract balances for the periods indicated: October 31, May 1, (in millions) 2018 2018 Contract assets - Other current assets $ 14.7 $ 15.8 Contract liabilities Current deferred revenue $ 990.7 $ 1,132.6 Noncurrent deferred revenue - Other liabilities 29.4 36.3 Total contract liabilities $ 1,020.1 $ 1,168.9 The following table sets forth the components of deferred revenue for the periods indicated: October 31, May 1, (in millions) 2018 2018 SaaS subscriptions $ 310.4 $ 327.7 Software license fees 12.9 8.6 Software subscriptions and license fees 323.3 336.3 Product updates and support fees 639.2 758.0 Consulting services and other fees 65.8 76.5 Contract asset offset (1) (8.2) (1.9) Total deferred revenue 1,020.1 1,168.9 Less: current portion 990.7 1,132.6 Deferred revenue - non-current $ 29.4 $ 36.3 (1) Adjustment to reflect net contract assets and contract liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis under ASC 606 for periods beginning after April 30, 2018. We recognized revenues of $774.4 million during the six months ended October 31, 2018, that were included in the deferred revenue balances at the beginning of the period, primarily relate d to product updates and support fees and SaaS subscriptions. The amount of revenue recognized during the six months ended October 31, 2018, from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods was immaterial. Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Contract - Deferred Costs Commissions payable to our direct sales force and independent affiliates who resell our software products are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining or fulfilling contracts with our customers. Sales commissions are recorded when a sale is completed or when our SaaS subscription is provisioned , which generally coincides with the timing of revenue recognition in most cases. Certain of these costs are capitalized and amortized ratably over the expected customer relationship period during which we expect to recover those costs. In estimating the expected customer relationship period, we evaluated both quantitative and qualitative factors including the nature of our product/service offerings, expected renewals, and the estimated economic life of the applicable software. The current and noncurrent balances of these deferred costs are included in prepaid expenses and other assets, respectively, on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred commissions were $85.8 million and $72.0 million as of October 31, 2018, and May 1, 2018, respectively. The deferred costs are amortized over various periods; generally, five years for maintenance contracts, and three to six years for SaaS subscriptions. Amortization expense related to deferred commissions was $5.4 million and $10.1 million for the three and six months ended October 31, 2018, respectively, and is included in sales and marketing expenses in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We periodically evaluate the expected customer relationship period and whether there have been any changes in our business or market conditions which would indicate that these amortization periods should be adjusted or if there may be potential impairment related to the deferred costs. We have no t recorded any impairment loss in relation to these deferred costs. Remaining Performance Obligations Remaining performance obligations represent the aggregate transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied, at the end of a reporting period. As of October 31, 2018, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to our remaining performance obligations, or backlog, was approximately $2.5 billion. We expect to recognize 75% of the remaining performance obligations as revenue over the remainder of fiscal 2019 and 2020, with the remaining 25% recognized thereafter. We have not disclosed the amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations or an explanation of when such revenue is expected to be recognized as of May 1, 2018, as allowed under the transition practical expedient. Sales Allowances We do not generally provide a contractual right of return. However, in the course of arriving at practical business solutions to various claims arising from the sale of our products and delivery of our solutions, we may agree to terms that impact the transaction price allocated to performance obligations for the purposes of revenue recognition. We adjust the transaction price for these estimated variable consideration amounts specific to license and consulting revenues at the inception of each agreement using the expected value method, which results in an associated sales allowance being recorded. We also periodically reassess the associated estimated transaction price and related variable consideration throughout the course of each agreement. The balance of our sales allowance is reflected in deferred revenue on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following is a rollforward of our sales allowance reserve: (in millions) Balance, April 30, 2018 $ 21.3 Provision 13.0 Write-offs (13.1) Currency translation effect (0.6) Balance, October 31, 2018 $ 20.6 Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents are comprised primarily of unrestricted amounts in operating accounts, money market investments and other short-term, highly liquid investments with initial maturities of three months or less. Each is recorded at cost, which approximates fair market value given their short-term nature. In addition, we have restricted cash balances which are classified as either other current assets or other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets depending on the nature of the restriction. Restricted cash is used to collateralize various operating guarantees such as leases, acquisition funding, or letters of credit and is recorded at cost, which approximates fair market value. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash within our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets to amounts presented within our Condensed Consolidated Cash Flow Statements: October 31, April 30, (in millions) 2018 2018 Current assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 284.1 $ 417.6 Restricted cash - Other current assets 0.9 1.1 Other assets Restricted cash - Other assets 10.5 11.0 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 295.5 $ 429.7 Foreign Currency The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is typically the applicable local currency. The translation from the respective foreign currencies to United States Dollars (U.S. Dollar) is performed for balance sheet accounts using current exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and for income statement accounts using a weighted average exchange rate during the applicable period. Gains or losses resulting from translation of balance sheet accounts are included as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in foreign currency gain or loss as a component of other (income) expense, net, in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. F oreign currency gains or losses related to intercompany transactions considered to be long-term investments are included in other comprehensive income (loss) as a net credit or charge. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in our results of operations based on the difference between the foreign currency exchange rates on the transaction date and on the reporting date. We recognized net foreign currency exchange gains of $59.5 million and $49.3 m illion for the three months ended October 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. In the first six months of fiscal 2019 and 2018, we recognized a net foreign currency exchange gain of $104.5 million and a net foreign currency exchange loss of $135.4 million, respectively. Certain foreign currency transaction gains and losses are generated from our intercompany balances that are not considered to be long-term in nature and will be settled between subsidiaries. These intercompany balances are a result of normal transfer pricing transactions among our various operating subsidiaries, as well as certain loans initiated between subsidiaries. We also recognize transaction gains and losses from revaluing our debt denominated in Euros and held by subsidiaries whose functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. See Note 11, Debt . Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements On May 1, 2018, we adopted the FASB guidance included in ASU 2016 - 16 . This guidance amended prior GAAP which prohibited the recognition of current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until the asset had been sold to an outside party. This update requires an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer for assets other than inventory when the transfer occurs. We adopted guidance on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the period of adoption resulting in a $16.8 million increase to accumulated deficit, a net increase of $46.1 million to deferred tax assets, and a reduction of $62.9 million of deferred charges for taxes, included in other current assets and other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As part of the net $46.1 million cumulative-effect adjustment to deferred tax assets, a gross deferred tax asset of $48.6 million was not recognized due to a corresponding full valuation allowance of $48.6 million. This gross deferred tax asset and corresponding valuation allowance relates primarily to Sweden. On May 1, 2018, we adopted the FASB guidance related to the classifications and presentation of changes in restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. This guidance requires that the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Accordingly, amounts generally described as restricted cash have been combined with unrestricted cash when reconciling the beginning and end of period balances on our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our financial position, our results of operations or cash flows. On May 1, 2018, we adopted the FASB guidance to improve the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. Under this guidance, the service cost component of the net periodic benefit cost is presented in the same income statement line item as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are presented outside of the subtotal of operating income on the income statement and only the service cost component of net benefit costs is eligible for capitalization. We applied this guidance retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the income statement and prospectively for the capitalization of the service cost component of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit in assets. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our financial position, our results of operations or cash flows. On May 1, 2018, we adopted the FASB guidance which permits entities to reclassify tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a result of recent tax reform legislation to retained earnings. We adopted this guidance on a prospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. On May 1, 2018, we adopted the FASB guidance on the principles for revenue recognition under ASC 606. This guidance is a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most prior revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The new rules established a core principle that requires the recognition of revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. We adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective transition method by recognizing the cumulative effect of initial application at the date of adoption as an adjustment to our opening equity balance. Therefore, the comparative information presented has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under ASC 985-605 for revenues related to software license, product updates and support, and related service revenues, and ASC 605 for revenues related to non-software deliverables such as SaaS subscriptions and related service revenue. We elected to apply ASC 606 only to those contracts not completed as of May 1, 2018, as allowed under the modified retrospective transition method. For contract modifications , we did not evaluate individual modifications for those periods prior to the adoption date, but the aggregate effect of all modifications as of the adoption date. The major impacts of ASC 606 on our policies and practices related to recognition of revenue and certain related costs included the following: • Recognition of software license revenue from term licenses bundled with unspecified product updates and support is recognized upon delivery of the software and at the beginning of the license period, rather than over the term of the arrangement; • Accounting for deferred commissions including costs that qualify for deferral and the amortization period; • The removal of the historic limitation on contingent revenue which may result in revenue being recognized earlier for certain contracts; • The removal of the historic residual method of allocating software license fees within a multiple element arrangement which may impact reported revenues; and • Revenue attributable to the extension or renewal of a software license is deferred until the beginning of the extension or renewal period, rather than recognizing when the contract for the extension or renewal is effective. The cumulative effect of the changes made to our May 1, 2018, balance sheet for the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance was a credit of $35.9 million, reducing the opening balance of accumulated deficit. The following table summarizes the cumulative effects of the changes made to our opening balance sheet accounts as of May 1, 2018, for the adoption of ASC 606 and ASU 2016-16: April 30, 2018 Adjustments Related to As Originally Adoption of Adoption of May 1, 2018 (in millions) Reported ASC 606 ASU 2016-16 As Adjusted ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 417.6 $ - $ - $ 417.6 Accounts receivable, net 505.9 (14.0) - 491.9 Prepaid expenses 160.0 1.1 - 161.1 Income tax receivable 13.9 - - 13.9 Other current assets 25.3 15.8 (10.7) 30.4 Total current assets 1,122.7 2.9 (10.7) 1,114.9 Property and equipment, net 160.9 - - 160.9 Intangible assets, net 689.8 - - 689.8 Goodwill 4,650.5 - - 4,650.5 Deferred tax assets 77.4 0.4 46.1 123.9 Other assets 115.2 27.0 (52.2) 90.0 Total assets $ 6,816.5 $ 30.3 $ (16.8) $ 6,830.0 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 82.6 $ - $ - $ 82.6 Income taxes payable 60.5 - - 60.5 Accrued expenses 452.9 - - 452.9 Deferred revenue 1,143.8 (11.2) - 1,132.6 Current portion of long-term obligations 42.5 - - 42.5 Total current liabilities 1,782.3 (11.2) - 1,771.1 Long-term debt, net 5,765.8 - - 5,765.8 Deferred tax liabilities 41.9 2.0 - 43.9 Other long-term liabilities 236.3 3.6 - 239.9 Total liabilities 7,826.3 (5.6) - 7,820.7 Additional paid-in capital 1,255.0 - - 1,255.0 Receivable from stockholders (58.5) - - (58.5) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (141.4) - - (141.4) Accumulated deficit (2,073.7) 35.9 (16.8) (2,054.6) Total Infor, Inc. stockholders' deficit (1,018.6) 35.9 (16.8) (999.5) Noncontrolling interests 8.8 - - 8.8 Total stockholders' deficit (1,009.8) 35.9 (16.8) (990.7) Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit $ 6,816.5 $ 30.3 $ (16.8) $ 6,830.0 The following tables show select line items that were materially impacted by the adoption of ASC 606 on our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the periods ended October 31, 2018: As of October 31, 2018 As Adjusted As Reported Adjustments Without Under Related to Adoption of (in millions) ASC 606 ASC 606 ASC 606 ASSETS Current assets: Accounts receivable, net $ 446.6 $ 18.7 $ 465.3 Prepaid expenses 174.3 (2.0) 172 |