The indemnification of the managing member and other agents of the LLC is covered by Article 9 of the LLC’s Operating Agreement. Under this Article, each of the managers, officers, employees, and agents of the LLC (each an “LLC Indemnified Person”) is entitled to indemnification for all liabilities and expenses incurred in connection with any proceeding (other than a proceeding by or in the right of the LLC, a so-called “derivative” action) if the LLC Indemnified Person acted in good faith and in a manner the LLC Indemnified Person reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interest of the LLC, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct was unlawful. With respect to a derivative action brought on behalf of the LLC, an LLC Indemnified Person is entitled to indemnification if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner it reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interest of the LLC, provided that no indemnification is to be made in respect of any claim or matter as to which the LLC Indemnified Person shall have been adjudged to be liable for gross negligence, recklessness, or willful misconduct in the performance of his or her duties to the LLC unless the court in which the action or suit is brought determines upon application that, in view of all of the circumstances, the LLC Indemnified Person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses, as the court shall deem proper.
LLC Indemnified Persons are also entitled to an advance of monies from the LLC to defend any action or proceeding brought against them arising out of conduct for and on behalf of the LLC, upon the LLC Indemnified Person’s written undertaking to repay amounts advanced if it is ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to indemnification under the provisions of Article 9 or otherwise.
Fund VII. As a Maryland corporation, Fund VII is governed by the Maryland GCL. Under the Maryland GCL, a corporation may indemnify any director made a party to any proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity, unless it is established that the act or omission of the director (i) was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding, and (A) was committed in bad faith or (B) the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; or (ii) the director actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or (iii) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. Under the Maryland GCL, if a proceeding is a derivative proceeding, brought by or in the right of the corporation, then indemnification may not be made in respect of any proceeding in which the director shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation. Maryland law incorporates the standards of director duty based upon the Model Business Corporation Act, and recognizes the business judgment rule, which is a presumption that in making a business decision the directors of a corporation act on an informed basis, in good faith, and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interest of the company.
Under Fund VII’s Articles of Incorporation, it is provided that, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law (but not in violation of any applicable requirement or limitation of the 1940 Act), no director or officer of Fund VII shall be liable to Fund VII or the LLC, its sole shareholder, for money damages, and Fund VII shall indemnify and advance expenses as provided in Fund VII’s bylaws, to all present and past directors, officers, employees and agents of Fund VII.
Under Fund VII’s bylaws, Fund VII’s present and past directors, officers, employees and agents (each a “Fund VII Indemnified Person”) are entitled to indemnification by Fund VII to the full extent provided by applicable provisions of the Maryland GCL (but not in violation of any applicable requirement or limitation of the 1940 Act), summarized above, and advances of expenses shall be made to such persons as permitted by the Maryland GCL. Fund VII’s bylaws also permit the purchase of insurance on behalf of Fund VII Indemnified Person. Coverage under any such insurance may not protect any officer or director against liabilities for willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of duty.
Certain Tax Aspects of the Liquidation Proposal
The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Liquidation Proposal. This summary is based upon the Internal Revenue Code, existing and proposed Treasury Regulations, rulings of the IRS, and judicial decisions which are in effect on date of this proxy statement. No advance rulings have been or will be requested from the IRS regarding any matter discussed in this proxy statement, and there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge one or more of the legal conclusions discussed in this summary.
This summary does not discuss all of the U.S. federal income tax matters that may be relevant to Fund VII, the LLC, or its members. This summary also does not consider various tax rules or limitations applicable to persons subject to special rules under the Internal Revenue Code, including, among others, insurance companies, financial institutions, broker-dealers, foreign shareholders, and (except as specifically indicated) tax-exempt entities. Finally,