UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
| ☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016
OR
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission file number: 000-55376
Industrial Property Trust Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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| Maryland | | 61-1577639 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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| 518 Seventeenth Street, 17th Floor, Denver, CO | | 80202 |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | | (Zip Code) |
(303) 228-2200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value
(Title of Each Class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one).
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| Large accelerated filer | | ☐ | | Accelerated filer | | ☐ |
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| Non-accelerated filer | | ☐ | | Smaller reporting company | | ☒ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2016 cannot be calculated because no established market exists for the registrant’s common stock.
As of March 6, 2017, there were 161.4 million shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K incorporates certain information by reference to the definitive proxy statement for the registrant’s 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) no later than April 30, 2017.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Such forward-looking statements relate to, without limitation, rent and occupancy growth, general conditions in the geographic area where we operate, our future debt and financial position, our future capital expenditures, future distributions and acquisitions (including the amount and nature thereof), other developments and trends of the real estate industry, business strategies and the expansion and growth of our operations. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by the use of the words “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “could,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue,” “project,” or the negative of these words or other comparable terminology. These statements are not guarantees of future performance, and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict.
The forward-looking statements included herein are based upon our current expectations, plans, estimates, assumptions, and beliefs that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions, and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on our operations and future prospects include, but are not limited to:
| | • | | Our ability to continue to raise capital in our initial public offering and effectively deploy the proceeds in accordance with our investment strategy and objectives; |
| | • | | The failure of properties to perform as we expect; |
| | • | | Risks associated with acquisitions, dispositions and development of properties; |
| | • | | Our failure to successfully integrate acquired properties and operations; |
| | • | | Unexpected delays or increased costs associated with any development projects; |
| | • | | The availability of cash flows from operating activities for distributions and capital expenditures; |
| | • | | Defaults on or non-renewal of leases by customers, lease renewals at lower than expected rent, or failure to lease properties at all or on favorable rents and terms; |
| | • | | Difficulties in economic conditions generally and the real estate, debt, and securities markets specifically; |
| | • | | Legislative or regulatory changes, including changes to the laws governing the taxation of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”); |
| | • | | Our failure to obtain, renew, or extend necessary financing or access the debt or equity markets; |
| | • | | Conflicts of interest arising out of our relationships with Industrial Property Advisors Group LLC (the “Sponsor”), Industrial Property Advisors LLC (the “Advisor”), and their affiliates; |
| | • | | Risks associated with using debt to fund our business activities, including re-financing and interest rate risks; |
| | • | | Increases in interest rates, operating costs, or greater than expected capital expenditures; |
| | • | | Changes to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”); and |
| | • | | Our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT. |
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Any of the assumptions underlying forward-looking statements could prove to be inaccurate. Our stockholders are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the risk that actual results will differ materially from the expectations expressed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K will increase with the passage of time. Except as otherwise required by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances, or any other reason. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including, without limitation, the risks described under “Risk Factors,” the inclusion of such forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the objectives and plans set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K will be achieved.
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PART I
The Company
Industrial Property Trust Inc. is a Maryland corporation formed on August 28, 2012 to make investments in income-producing real estate assets consisting primarily of high-quality distribution warehouses and other industrial properties that are leased to creditworthy corporate customers. As used herein, the terms “Industrial Property Trust,” “IPT,” the “Company”, “we,” “our,” or “us” refer to Industrial Property Trust Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, except where otherwise indicated.
We have operated and elected to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2013, and we intend to continue to operate in accordance with the requirements for qualification as a REIT. We utilize an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust (“UPREIT”) organizational structure to hold all or substantially all of our assets through the operating partnership, Industrial Property Operating Partnership LP (the “Operating Partnership”), a Delaware limited partnership of which we are the sole general partner and a limited partner.
On July 24, 2013, we commenced an initial public offering of up to $2.0 billion in shares of our common stock (the “Offering”), including $1.5 billion in shares of common stock offered at a price of $10.00 per share and $500.0 million in shares offered under our distribution reinvestment plan at a price of $9.50 per share. On September 6, 2013, we broke escrow for the Offering, and on January 15, 2014, we acquired our first property and began real estate operations.
On August 13, 2015, our board of directors unanimously approved an estimated net asset value (“NAV”) of our common stock of $9.24 per share based on the number of shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2015. The methodology used to determine the estimated NAV per share was determined in accordance with our valuation policy, utilizing certain guidelines applicable to non-traded REITs.
In connection with the determination of the estimated NAV per share, effective as of August 13, 2015, our board of directors determined to reclassify our common stock into Class A shares and Class T shares. We filed a post-effective amendment to our registration statement on August 14, 2015 in order to offer both classes of shares of our common stock as part of the Offering. On August 19, 2015, the SEC declared our post-effective amendment effective and we began offering for sale up to $1.5 billion in shares of common stock at a price of $10.4407 per Class A share and $9.8298 per Class T share, and up to $500.0 million in shares under our distribution reinvestment plan at a price of $9.9187 per Class A share and $9.8298 per Class T share. In each case, the offering price was arbitrarily determined by our board of directors by taking our estimated NAV as of June 30, 2015 of $9.24 per share and adding the respective per share up-front sales commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and offering expenses to be paid with respect to Class A shares and Class T shares, such that after the payment of such commissions, fees and expenses, the net proceeds to us is the same for both Class A shares and Class T shares.
On August 15, 2016, our board of directors determined to reallocate $325.0 million in shares previously allocated to the distribution reinvestment plan portion of the Offering to the primary portion of the Offering, such that an aggregate of $1.825 billion in shares are allocated to the primary offering and $175.0 million in shares are allocated to the distribution reinvestment plan. We reserve the right to reallocate shares further between the primary portion of the Offering and the distribution reinvestment plan.
On December 22, 2016, our board of directors unanimously approved an estimated NAV of our common stock of $9.74 per share based on the number of shares issued and outstanding as of November 30, 2016. The estimated NAV per share was determined in accordance with our valuation policy, utilizing certain guidelines applicable to non-traded REITs. See Item 5, “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer
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Purchases of Equity Securities—Estimated Net Asset Value Per Share” for a description of the methodologies and assumptions used to determine, and the limitations of, the estimated NAV per share. Also on December 22, 2016, our board of directors unanimously approved a new offering price of $11.0056 per Class A share of our common stock and a new offering price of $10.3617 per Class T share of our common stock, and $9.74 per share for shares purchased through our distribution reinvestment plan. The new Class A offering price and the new Class T offering price took effect with respect to subscriptions accepted by us after January 1, 2017. Accordingly, the estimated NAV per share of our common stock as of November 30, 2016 was 11.5% and 6.0%, respectively, lower than the offering prices with respect to Class A shares and Class T shares. The differences between the offering prices and the actual value per share will fluctuate depending on the actual value of our net assets per share at any given point in time. The offering prices have been rounded to the nearest whole cent throughout this report.
As of December 31, 2016, we had raised gross proceeds of approximately $1.6 billion from the sale of 157.9 million shares of our common stock in the Offering, including shares issued under our distribution reinvestment plan. As of that date, approximately $285.2 million in shares of our common stock remained available for sale pursuant to the primary offering in any combination of Class A shares or Class T shares, and $132.3 million in shares of our common stock remained available for sale through our distribution reinvestment plan. Our shares may be reallocated further at the discretion of our board of directors for sale in the primary offering. On December 13, 2016, our board of directors determined to extend the Offering until the earlier of (i) June 30, 2017 or (ii) the date on which we sell all of the shares that remain available for sale pursuant to the Offering. See “Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for information concerning the Offering.
Prior to the Offering, our sole investor was the Advisor, which purchased 20,000 shares of our common stock. In addition, the Sponsor has been issued and owns partnership units in the Operating Partnership constituting a separate series of partnership interests with special distribution rights, which we refer to as the “Special Units.” See “Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information.
We rely on the Advisor, a related party, to manage our day-to-day operating and acquisition activities and to implement our investment strategy pursuant to the terms of the fourth amended and restated advisory agreement, dated August 12, 2016, by and among us, the Operating Partnership, and the Advisor (the “Advisory Agreement”). The current term of the Advisory Agreement ends on August 12, 2017, subject to renewal by our board of directors for an unlimited number of successive one-year periods. The Advisor performs its duties and responsibilities under the Advisory Agreement as a fiduciary of us and our stockholders. The Advisor may, but is not required to, establish working capital reserves from proceeds from the Offering, from cash flow generated by operating assets or from proceeds from the sale of assets. Working capital reserves are typically utilized to fund tenant improvements, leasing commissions, and major capital expenditures. Our lenders also may require working capital reserves.
In February 2015, we admitted two investors as limited partners (together, the “BCIMC Limited Partner”) into the Build-To-Core Industrial Partnership I LP (the “BTC Partnership”), a joint venture that has and continues to jointly invest in industrial properties located in certain major U.S. distribution markets, and is targeted to be comprised of approximately: (i) 80.0% development investments and (ii) 20.0% core and value-add investments. As of December 31, 2016, we had a 20.0% ownership interest in the BTC Partnership. See “Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding our unconsolidated joint venture.
As of December 31, 2016, we owned and managed, either directly or through our 20.0% ownership interest in the BTC Partnership, a real estate portfolio that included 242 industrial buildings totaling approximately 38.7 million square feet located in 24 markets throughout the U.S., with 477 customers, and was 92.5% occupied (94.0% leased) with a weighted-average remaining lease term (based on square feet) of approximately 4.5 years. The occupied rate reflects the square footage with a paying customer in place. The leased rate includes the occupied
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square footage and additional square footage with leases in place that have not yet commenced. As of December 31, 2016:
| | • | | 231 industrial buildings totaling approximately 37.1 million square feet comprised our operating portfolio. Our operating portfolio consists of stabilized properties, which includes the four buildings classified as held for sale, and was 95.3% occupied (96.7% leased). |
| | • | | 11 industrial buildings totaling approximately 1.6 million square feet comprised our development and value-add portfolio, which includes buildings acquired with the intention to reposition or redevelop, or buildings recently completed which have not yet reached stabilization. We generally consider a building to be stabilized on the earlier to occur of the first anniversary of a building’s shell completion or achieving 90.0% occupancy. |
During 2016, we directly acquired 88 buildings comprising approximately 18.2 million square feet for an aggregate total purchase price of approximately $1.2 billion. We funded these acquisitions with proceeds from the Offering and debt financings. See “Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding our acquisitions. Additionally, during 2016, we sold to third parties five industrial buildings aggregating 1.1 million square feet for net proceeds of $54.2 million. The net cash flow generated from these dispositions is expected to be reinvested in future acquisitions.
As of December 31, 2016, we owned and managed 27 buildings totaling approximately 4.4 million square feet of the total 38.7 million square feet (discussed above) through our 20.0% ownership interest in the BTC Partnership. During 2016, the BTC Partnership acquired four buildings comprising approximately 0.2 million square feet for an aggregate total purchase price of approximately $19.2 million. Additionally, as of that date, the BTC Partnership had 10 buildings under construction totaling approximately 3.7 million square feet, and 10 buildings in the pre-construction phase for an additional 1.8 million square feet. See “Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding the BTC Partnership.
From January 2014 through December 2016, we had acquired, either directly or through our 20.0% ownership interest in the BTC Partnership, 247 buildings comprised of approximately 39.8 million square feet for an aggregate total purchase price of approximately $2.9 billion.
We currently operate as one reportable segment comprised of industrial real estate. Refer to Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” for further details concerning our operating results and Item 2, “Properties,” for further details concerning our portfolio.
Investment Objectives
Our primary investment objectives include the following:
| | • | | Preserving and protecting our stockholders’ capital contributions; |
| | • | | Providing current income to our stockholders in the form of regular distributions; and |
| | • | | Realizing capital appreciation upon the potential sale of our assets or other liquidity event. |
There is no assurance that we will attain our investment objectives. Our charter places numerous limitations on us with respect to the manner in which we may invest our funds. In most cases these limitations cannot be changed unless our charter is amended, which may require the approval of our stockholders.
Investment Strategy
We will continue to focus our investment activities on and use the proceeds raised in the Offering principally for building a national industrial warehouse operating company. Our investment activities include the acquisition,
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development and/or financing of income-producing real estate assets consisting primarily of high-quality distribution warehouses and other industrial properties that are leased to creditworthy corporate customers. Creditworthiness does not necessarily mean investment grade, and it is anticipated that much of our portfolio will be comprised of non-investment grade customers. We evaluate creditworthiness and financial strength of prospective customers based on financial, operating and business plan information that is provided to us by such prospective customers, as well as other market and economic information that is generally publicly available.
The number and type of properties we may acquire or develop will depend upon real estate market conditions and other circumstances existing at the time we make our investments. Although we intend to continue to focus our investment activities primarily on distribution warehouses and other industrial properties, our charter and bylaws do not preclude us from investing in other types of commercial property or real estate-related debt. However, we will not invest more than 25% of net proceeds we receive from the sale of shares of our common stock in the Offering in other types of commercial property or real estate-related debt. As of December 31, 2016, our portfolio was comprised entirely of industrial properties (see Item 2, “Properties,” for further detail).
Our investment in any distribution warehouse, other industrial property, or other property type will be based upon the best interests of our company and our stockholders as determined by the Advisor and our board of directors. Real estate assets in which we may invest may be acquired or developed either directly by us or through joint ventures or other co-ownership arrangements with affiliated or unaffiliated third parties, and may include: equity investments in commercial properties; mortgage, mezzanine, construction, bridge, and other loans related to real estate; and investments in other real estate-related entities, including REITs, private real estate funds, real estate management companies, real estate development companies, and debt funds, both foreign and domestic. Subject to the 25% limitation described above, we may invest in any of these asset classes, including those that present greater risk than industrial. As described above, the BTC Partnership invests in an industrial real estate portfolio targeted to be comprised of approximately (i) 80.0% development investments and (ii) 20.0% core and value-add investments.
Business Strategy
We seek to provide income in the form of regular distributions to our stockholders by generating sustained internal growth in rental income. The keys to long-term rental income growth are maintaining a stabilized occupancy rate (generally above 90%) through active leasing efforts, negotiating contractual rent increases on existing leases and renewals on expiring leases, cultivating strong customer relationships, and controlling operating expenses.
Financing Objectives
We use secured and unsecured debt as a means of providing additional funds for the acquisition of assets, to pay distributions, and for other corporate purposes. While a large percentage of our debt financings may typically be comprised of long-term, fixed rate loans, our use of leverage generally increases the risk of default on loan payments and the resulting foreclosure on a particular asset. Upon a default, our lenders may also have recourse to assets other than those specifically securing the repayment of the indebtedness. Our ability to enhance our investment returns and to increase our diversification by acquiring assets using additional funds provided through borrowings could be adversely impacted if the credit markets are closed or limited and banks and other lending institutions impose severe restrictions on the amount of funds available for the types of loans we seek. We have sourced, and may continue to source, institutional or other capital through joint venture or other co-partnerships to help diversify risk associated with development and value-add opportunities. See Item 1A, “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Debt Financing” for further detail.
Competition
The market for the acquisition of industrial real estate is highly competitive. We compete for real property investments with other REITs and institutional investors, such as pension funds and their advisors, private real
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estate investment funds, insurance company investment accounts, private investment companies, individuals and other entities engaged in real estate investment activities, including certain other entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor, including ILT and DPF, as defined below in “—Conflicts of Interest,” some of which have greater financial resources than we do and generally may be able to accept more risk, including risks relating to the creditworthiness of potential customers, the breadth of the markets in which to invest, or the level of leverage they are willing to take on. They also may possess significant competitive advantages that result from, among other things, a lower cost of capital or greater operating efficiencies associated with a larger platform.
The market for the leasing of industrial real estate is also very competitive. We experience competition for customers from other existing assets in proximity to our buildings, as well as from proposed new developments. As a result, we may have to provide free rental periods, incur charges for tenant improvements, or offer other inducements, all of which may have an adverse impact on our results of operations.
Significant Customers
We are dependent upon the ability of current customers to pay their contractual rent amounts as the rents become due. As of December 31, 2016, there were no customers that individually represented more than 5.0% of total annualized base rent, and our 10 largest customers represented approximately 16.4% of total annualized base rent of our consolidated and unconsolidated properties (assuming 100% ownership of our unconsolidated properties). We are not aware of any current customers whose inability to pay their contractual rental amounts would have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. See Item 2, “Properties,” for further detail about customer diversification.
Conflicts of Interest
We are subject to various potential conflicts of interest that could arise out of our relationship with the Advisor and other affiliates and related parties, including: conflicts related to the compensation arrangements among the Advisor, certain affiliates and related parties, and us; conflicts with respect to the allocation of the Advisor’s and its key personnel’s time; conflicts related to our potential acquisition of assets from affiliates of the Advisor; and conflicts with respect to the allocation of investment opportunities. Further, entities currently sponsored by or that in the future may be advised by affiliates of the Sponsor, including, without limitation, Industrial Logistics Realty Trust, Inc. (“ILT”), Dividend Capital Diversified Property Fund Inc. (“DPF”), DC Industrial Liquidating Trust (the “Liquidating Trust”), and those in which Sponsor-affiliated or related entities own interests, may compete with us or may be given priority over us with respect to the acquisition of certain types of investments. As a result of our potential competition with these entities, certain investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to us may not in fact be available. In addition, an affiliate of the Advisor entered into a management services agreement with the Liquidating Trust to provide certain development, construction, and asset management oversight services for each of the Liquidating Trust’s properties, to assist in the sale of the Liquidating Trust’s properties, and to provide administrative services to the Liquidating Trust and its subsidiaries. This affiliate will not provide advisory services with respect to acquisitions to the Liquidating Trust management services agreement. See Item 1A, “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Advisor and Its Affiliates,” for additional detail. The independent directors have an obligation to function on our behalf in all situations in which a conflict of interest may arise and have a fiduciary obligation to act on behalf of our stockholders.
Compliance with Federal, State and Local Environmental Laws
Properties that we acquire, and the properties underlying our investments, are subject to various federal, state, and local environmental laws, ordinances, and regulations. Under these laws, ordinances, and regulations, a current or previous owner of real estate (including, in certain circumstances, a secured lender that succeeds to ownership or control of a property) may become liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum product releases at, on, under, or in its property. These laws typically
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impose cleanup responsibility and liability without regard to whether the owner or control party knew of or was responsible for the release or presence of the hazardous or toxic substances. The costs of investigation, remediation, or removal of these substances may be substantial and could exceed the value of the property. An owner or control party of a site may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from a site. Certain environmental laws also impose liability in connection with the handling of or exposure to materials containing asbestos. These laws allow third parties to seek recovery from owners of properties for personal injuries associated with materials containing asbestos. Our operating costs and the values of these assets may be adversely affected by the obligation to pay for the cost of complying with existing environmental laws, ordinances, and regulations, as well as the cost of complying with future legislation, and our income and ability to make distributions to our stockholders could be affected adversely by the existence of an environmental liability with respect to our properties. We will endeavor to ensure our properties are in compliance in all material respects with all federal, state and local laws, ordinances, and regulations regarding hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products.
Employees
We have no employees. Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor assumes principal responsibility for managing our affairs and we compensate the Advisor for certain services.
Additional Information
Our internet address iswww.industrialpropertytrust.com. Through a link on our website, we make available, free of charge, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and prospectus, along with any amendments to those filings, as soon as reasonably practicable after we file or furnish them to the SEC.
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RISKS RELATED TO AN INVESTMENT IN OUR COMMON STOCK
We have a limited operating history and there is no assurance that we will be able to successfully achieve our investment objectives; the prior performance of other Sponsor affiliated entities may not be an accurate barometer of our future results.
We have a limited operating history and we may not be able to achieve our investment objectives. As a result, an investment in our shares of common stock may entail more risk than the shares of common stock of a real estate investment trust with a substantial operating history. In addition, stockholders should not rely on the past performance of investments by other Sponsor affiliated entities to predict our future results. Our investment strategy and key employees may differ from the investment strategies and key employees of other Sponsor affiliated programs in the past, present, and future.
There is no public trading market for the shares of our common stock; therefore it will be difficult for our stockholders to sell their shares of common stock.
There is no current public market for the shares of our common stock and we have no obligation or current plans to apply for listing on any public securities market. We have a share redemption program, but it is limited in terms of the amount of shares which may be redeemed over a 12-month period. It will therefore be difficult for our stockholders to sell their shares of common stock promptly or at all. Even if our stockholders are able to sell their shares of common stock, the absence of a public market may cause the price received for any shares of our common stock to be less than what our stockholders paid, less than their proportionate value of the assets we own and less than the amount our stockholders would receive on any liquidation of our assets. This may be the result, in part, of the fact that the amount of funds available for investment were reduced by funds used to pay sales commissions, dealer manager fees and acquisition and other fees payable to the Advisor and other related parties. Unless our aggregate investments increase in value to compensate for these up-front fees and expenses, which may not occur, our stockholders may not be able to sell their shares without incurring a substantial loss. Also, upon the occurrence of a Liquidity Event (as defined in Item 5, “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities”), including but not limited to listing our common stock on a national securities exchange (or the receipt by our stockholders of securities that are listed on a national securities exchange in exchange for our common stock); a sale, merger, or other transaction in which our stockholders either receive, or have the option to receive, cash, securities redeemable for cash, and/or securities of a publicly traded company; and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets where our stockholders either receive, or have the option to receive, cash or other consideration, or our liquidation, our stockholders may receive less than what they paid for their shares. We cannot assure our stockholders that their shares will ever appreciate in value to equal the price they paid for their shares. Because of the illiquid nature of our shares, our stockholders should consider our shares as a long-term investment and be prepared to hold them for an indefinite period of time.
The Offering is a “blind pool” offering and stockholders will not have the opportunity to evaluate our future investments prior to purchasing shares of our common stock.
Our stockholders will not be able to evaluate the economic merits, transaction terms or other financial or operational data concerning our future investments that we have not yet identified prior to purchasing shares of our common stock. Stockholders must rely on the Advisor and our board of directors to implement our investment policies, to evaluate our investment opportunities and to structure the terms of our investments. We may invest in any asset class, including those that present greater risk than industrial assets. Because stockholders cannot evaluate our future investments in advance of purchasing shares of our common stock, a “blind pool” offering may entail more risk than other types of offerings. This additional risk may hinder stockholders’ ability to achieve their own personal investment objectives related to portfolio diversification, risk-adjusted investment returns and other objectives.
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The Offering is a “best efforts” offering and if we are unable to raise substantial additional funds, we will be limited in the number and type of additional investments we may make which could negatively impact an investment in shares of our common stock.
The Offering is being made on a “best efforts” basis, whereby the broker dealers participating in the Offering are only required to use their best efforts to sell shares of our common stock and have no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the shares of our common stock. As a result, the amount of proceeds we raise in the Offering may be less than the total offering amount. Our inability to raise and invest additional funds could effectively increase our fixed operating expenses as a percentage of gross income, and our financial condition and ability to make distributions could be adversely affected. If we are unable to raise substantially more funds in the Offering, we will make fewer additional investments in properties, and will more likely focus on making investments in loans and real estate related entities, resulting in less diversification in terms of the number of investments owned, the geographic regions in which our property investments are located and the types of investments that we make.
Our stockholders may be at a greater risk of loss than the Sponsor or the Advisor since our primary source of capital is funds raised through the sale of shares of our common stock.
Because our primary source of capital is funds raised through the sale of shares of our common stock, any losses that may occur will be borne primarily by our stockholders, rather than by the Sponsor or the Advisor.
Stockholders will not have the benefit of an independent due diligence review in connection with the Offering, which increases the risk of their investment.
Because the Advisor and Dividend Capital Securities LLC (the “Dealer Manager”) are affiliates of, or otherwise related to, the Sponsor, stockholders will not have the benefit of an independent due diligence review and investigation of the type normally performed by an independent underwriter in connection with a securities offering. This lack of an independent due diligence review and investigation increases the risk of the stockholders’ investment.
We are required to pay substantial compensation to the Advisor and its affiliates or related parties, which may be increased or decreased during the Offering or future offerings by a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of the independent directors.
Subject to limitations in our charter, the fees, compensation, income, expense reimbursements, interest and other payments that we are required to pay to the Advisor and its affiliates or related parties may increase or decrease during the Offering or future offerings if such change is approved by a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of the independent directors. These payments to the Advisor and its affiliates or related parties will decrease the amount of cash we have available for operations and new investments and could negatively impact our ability to pay distributions and our stockholders’ overall return.
The Offering is a fixed price offering and the offering price for each class of our shares was arbitrarily determined and will not accurately represent the current value of our assets at any particular time; therefore the purchase price stockholders pay for shares of our common stock may be higher than the value of our assets per share of our common stock at the time of their purchase.
The Offering is a fixed price offering, which means that the offering price for each class of shares of our common stock is fixed and will not vary based on the underlying value of our assets at any time. Our board of directors arbitrarily determined the offering price in its sole discretion. The fixed offering price for each class of shares of our common stock is not equal to the appraised value of any assets we currently own. Therefore, the fixed offering price established for each class of shares of our common stock will not accurately represent the current value of our assets per share of our common stock at any particular time and may be higher or lower than
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the actual value of our assets per share at such time. Similarly, the amount stockholders may receive upon redemption of their shares, if they determine to participate in our share redemption program, will be no greater than, and may be less than, the amount they paid for the shares, regardless of any increase in the underlying value of any assets we own.
Stockholders have experienced dilution in the net tangible book value of their shares of our common stock equal to the offering costs associated with their shares.
Stockholders who have purchased shares of our common stock in the Offering have incurred immediate dilution equal to the costs of the Offering associated with the sale of their shares. This means that investors who have purchased shares of our common stock paid a price per share that exceeded the amount available to us to purchase assets and therefore, the value of these assets upon purchase.
The current purchase price stockholders pay for shares of each class of our common stock in the Offering is higher than the estimated NAV per share we have disclosed. Neither the estimated NAV per share nor the offering price may be an accurate reflection of the fair market value of our assets and liabilities and likely will not represent the amount of net proceeds that would result if we liquidated or dissolved or the amount our stockholders would receive upon the sale of their shares.
Pursuant to various rules or contractual arrangements, we will from time to time disclose an estimated NAV per share. The price at which we sell our shares is likely to be in excess of such values. For example, as of November 30, 2016, the estimated NAV per share of our common stock was 11.5% and 6.0%, respectively, lower than the offering prices with respect to Class A shares and Class T shares.
The estimated NAV per share and the primary offering price per share of each class of shares are likely to differ from the price that a stockholder would receive upon a resale of his or her shares or upon our liquidation because: (i) there is no public trading market for the shares at this time; (ii) the primary offering price involves the payment of underwriting compensation and other directed selling efforts, which payments and efforts are likely to produce a higher purchase price than could otherwise be obtained; (iii) under the current Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) rules, such values are not required to reflect or be derived from, the fair market value of our assets and estimates may include sales commissions, dealer manager fees, other organization and offering costs and acquisition and origination fees and expenses; (iv) such values do not take into account how market fluctuations affect the value of our investments, including how disruptions in the financial and real estate markets may affect the values of our investments; and (v) such values do not take into account how developments related to individual assets may have increased or decreased the value of our portfolio.
An amendment to National Association of Securities Dealers, (“NASD”), Conduct Rule 2340, took effect in April 2016 and sets forth the obligations of FINRA members to provide per share values in customer account statements calculated in a certain manner. Because we have used a portion of the proceeds from the Offering to pay sales commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and offering expenses, which reduce the amount of funds available for investment, unless and until our aggregate investments increase in value to compensate for these up-front fees and expenses, the value shown on stockholders’ account statements will be lower than the purchase price paid by our stockholders in the Offering.
The estimated NAV per share and the primary offering price per share of each class of shares may not be an accurate reflection of the fair value of our assets and liabilities in accordance with GAAP, may not reflect the price at which we would be able to sell all or substantially all of our assets or the outstanding shares of our common stock in an arm’s length transaction, may not represent the value that stockholders could realize upon a sale of the Company or upon the liquidation of our assets and settlement of our liabilities, and may not be indicative of the price at which shares of our common stock would trade if they were listed on a national securities exchange. In addition, such values may not be the equivalent of the disclosure of a market price by an open-ended real estate fund.
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Any methodologies used to determine an estimated NAV per share of our common stock may be based upon assumptions, estimates and judgments that may not be accurate or complete, such that, if different property-specific and general real estate and capital market assumptions, estimates and judgments were used, it could result in an estimated value per share that is significantly different.
Our stockholders are limited in their ability to sell their shares of our common stock pursuant to our share redemption program; our stockholders may not be able to sell any of their shares of our common stock back to us; and, if our stockholders do sell their shares, they may not receive the price they paid.
Our share redemption program may provide our stockholders with only a limited opportunity to have their shares of our common stock redeemed by us at a price that may reflect a discount from the purchase price of the shares of our common stock being redeemed, after our stockholders have held them for a minimum of one year. Our common stock may be redeemed on a quarterly basis. However, our share redemption program contains certain restrictions and limitations, including those relating to the number of shares of our common stock that we can redeem at any given time and limiting the redemption price. Specifically, we cap the number of shares to be redeemed during any calendar quarter and our board of directors retains the right, in its sole discretion, to apply the quarterly cap on a per class basis. The aggregate amount of redemptions under our share redemption program is not expected to exceed the aggregate amount of proceeds received from our distribution reinvestment plan, although the board of directors, in its sole discretion, could determine to use other sources of funds to make redemptions; provided that we will not redeem, during any consecutive 12-month period, more than five percent of the number of shares of common stock outstanding at the beginning of such 12-month period. Our board of directors may also determine from time to time to further limit redemptions when funds are needed for other business purposes. Any request by the holders of our Operating Partnership Units (“OP Units”) to redeem some or all of their OP Units, may further limit the funds we have available to redeem shares of our common stock pursuant to our share redemption program, should our board of directors determine to redeem OP Units for cash. Our board of directors, in its sole discretion, may determine to redeem OP Units for shares of our common stock, cash or a combination of both. In addition, our board of directors reserves the right to reject any redemption request for any reason or to amend, suspend or terminate the share redemption program at any time. Therefore, our stockholders may not have the opportunity to sell any of their shares of common stock back to us pursuant to our share redemption program. Any amendment, suspension or termination of our share redemption program will not affect the rights of holders of OP Units to cause us to redeem their OP Units. Moreover, if our stockholders do sell their shares of common stock back to us pursuant to the share redemption program, our stockholders may not receive the same price they paid for any shares of our common stock being redeemed. See Item 5, “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” for a description of other restrictions and limitations of our share redemption program.
The actual value of shares that we repurchase under our share redemption program may be substantially less or more than what we pay.
Under our share redemption program, shares currently may be repurchased at varying prices depending on (a) the number of years the shares have been held, (b) the purchase price paid for the shares and (c) whether the redemptions are sought upon a stockholder’s death or disability. As described above, the offering price of each class of shares of our common stock in the Offering was arbitrarily determined. Although the offering price represents the most recent price at which investors are willing to purchase such shares, it will not accurately represent the current value of our assets per share of our common stock at any particular time and may be higher or lower than the actual value of our assets per share at such time. Based on the estimated NAV per share of our common stock effective on December 22, 2016, we have repurchased shares of our common stock above the estimated NAV and, accordingly, the repurchases have been and any future repurchases may be dilutive to our remaining stockholders.
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The availability and timing of cash distributions to our stockholders is uncertain.
We bear all expenses incurred in our operations, which are deducted from cash funds generated by operations prior to computing the amount of cash from operations available for distributions to our stockholders. In addition, there are ongoing distribution fees payable on Class T shares, which will reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to holders of Class T shares. Distributions could also be negatively impacted by the failure to invest available cash on an expeditious basis, the inability to find suitable investments that are not dilutive to distributions, potential poor performance of our investments, an increase in expenses or capital expenditures for any reason, an increase in funds expended for redemptions in excess of the proceeds from our distribution reinvestment plan and due to numerous other factors. Any request by the holders of our OP Units to redeem some or all of their OP Units for cash may also impact the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders. In addition, our board of directors, in its discretion, may retain any portion of such funds for working capital. There can be no assurance that sufficient cash will be available to make distributions to our stockholders or that the amount of distributions will be maintained and not decrease over time. Should we fail for any reason to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain), we would not qualify for the favorable tax treatment accorded to REITs.
We may have difficulty completely funding our distributions with funds provided by cash flows from operating activities; therefore, we may use cash flows from financing activities, which may include borrowings and net proceeds from primary shares sold in the Offering, proceeds from the issuance of shares under our distribution reinvestment plan, cash resulting from a waiver or deferral of fees by the Advisor or from expense support provided by the Advisor, or other sources to fund distributions to our stockholders. The use of these sources to pay distributions and the ultimate repayment of any liabilities incurred could adversely impact our ability to pay distributions in future periods, decrease the amount of cash we have available for operations and new investments and/or potentially impact the value or result in dilution of our stockholders’ investment by creating future liabilities, reducing the return on their investment or otherwise.
Until the proceeds from the Offering are fully invested, and from time to time thereafter, we may not generate sufficient cash flows from operating activities, as determined on a GAAP basis, to fully fund distributions to our stockholders. Therefore, particularly in the earlier part of the Offering, we have funded and may continue to fund distributions to our stockholders with cash flows from financing activities, which may include borrowings and net proceeds from primary shares sold in the Offering, proceeds from the issuance of shares under our distribution reinvestment plan, cash resulting from a waiver or deferral of fees or expense reimbursements otherwise payable to the Advisor or its affiliates, cash resulting from the Advisor or its affiliates paying certain of our expenses, and proceeds from the sales of assets. However, there is no limit on the amount of time that we may use such sources to fund distributions. We may be required to fund distributions from a combination of some of these sources if our investments fail to perform as anticipated, if expenses are greater than expected or as a result of numerous other factors. We have not established a cap on the amount of our distributions that may be paid from any of these sources. Using certain of these sources may result in a liability to us, which would require a future repayment. We have relied on and expect to continue to rely on cash resulting from expense support from the Advisor to help fund our distributions, pursuant to the Third Amended and Restated Waiver and Expense Support Agreement (the “Expense Support Agreement”) that is described in “Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.” The Expense Support Agreement has an effective term through June 30, 2018, but may be terminated prior thereto without cause or penalty by a majority of our independent directors upon 30 days’ written notice to the Advisor. Upon the earlier of the termination or expiration of the Expense Support Agreement or upon reaching the maximum support amount of $30.0 million as further described in the Expense Support Agreement, the Advisor will not be obligated to waive or defer fees or otherwise support our distributions, which could adversely impact our ability to pay distributions. In addition, the Advisor’s obligations will cease when the aggregate amount of the payments under the Expense Support Agreement, when added to all amounts deferred or paid by the Advisor prior to August 14, 2015 under the prior versions of the Expense
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Support Agreement that were in effect prior to August 14, 2015 (approximately $5.4 million), exceed $30.0 million. In addition, the Advisor’s obligations under the Expense Support Agreement will immediately terminate upon the earlier to occur of (i) the termination or non-renewal of the Advisory Agreement, (ii) the delivery by us of notice to the Advisor of our intention to terminate or not renew the Advisory Agreement, (iii) our completion of a liquidity event or (iv) the time the Advisor has deferred, waived or paid the maximum support amount. Except with respect to the early termination events described above, any obligation of the Advisor to make payments under the Expense Support Agreement with respect to the calendar quarter ending June 30, 2018 will remain operative and in full force and effect through the end of such quarter. To the extent the Expense Support Agreement is no longer available, we may need to borrow additional money under our debt financings to support distributions at our current distribution rate. For the year ended December 31, 2016, 38.5% of our total distributions were funded from operating activities, as determined on a GAAP basis, and 61.5% were funded from sources other than cash flows from operating activities, specifically 10.2% were funded with proceeds from financing activities, which consisted of debt financing, and 51.3% were funded with proceeds from the issuance of shares under our distribution reinvestment plan (“DRIP shares”), as so elected by certain stockholders. For the year ended December 31, 2015, 10.1% of our total distributions were funded from operating activities, as determined on a GAAP basis, and 89.9% were funded from sources other than cash flows from operating activities, specifically 37.8% were funded with proceeds from financing activities, which consisted of debt financing, and 52.1% were funded with proceeds from the issuance of DRIP shares. Further, for the period from Inception (August 28, 2012) to December 31, 2016, our total distributions declared exceeded our Funds from Operations (“FFO”). Refer to Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for the definition of FFO, as well as a detailed reconciliation of our net loss to FFO.
The use of these sources for distributions and the ultimate repayment of any liabilities incurred, as well as the payment of distributions in excess of our FFO could adversely impact our ability to pay distributions in future periods, decrease the amount of cash we have available for operations and new investments and potentially reduce our stockholders’ overall return and adversely impact and dilute the value of their investment in shares of our common stock, which would be reflected when we establish an estimated per share value of each class of our common stock. To the extent distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits (i) do not exceed a stockholder’s adjusted basis in our stock, such distributions will not be taxable to a stockholder, but rather a stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in our stock will be reduced; and (ii) exceed a stockholder’s adjusted basis in our stock, such distributions will be included in income as long-term capital gain if the stockholder has held its shares for more than one year and otherwise as short-term capital gain.
In addition, the Advisor or its affiliates could choose to receive shares of our common stock or interests in the Operating Partnership in lieu of cash or deferred fees or the repayment of advances to which they are entitled, and the issuance of such securities may dilute an investment in shares of our common stock.
There is very limited liquidity for our shares of common stock. If we do not effect a Liquidity Event, it will be very difficult for our stockholders to have liquidity for their investment in shares of our common stock.
On a limited basis, our stockholders may be able to have their shares redeemed through our share redemption program. However, in the future we may also consider various Liquidity Events. There can be no assurance that we will ever seek to effect, or be successful in effecting, a Liquidity Event. Our charter does not require us to pursue a Liquidity Event or any transaction to provide liquidity to our stockholders. If we do not effect a Liquidity Event, it will be very difficult for our stockholders to have liquidity for their investment in shares of our common stock other than limited liquidity through any share redemption program.
We currently do not have research analysts reviewing our performance.
We do not have research analysts reviewing our performance or our securities on an ongoing basis. Therefore, we do not have an independent review of our performance and value of our common stock relative to publicly traded companies.
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Payments to the holder of the Special Units or cash redemptions by holders of OP Units will reduce cash available for distribution to our stockholders and our ability to honor their redemption requests under our share redemption program.
The Sponsor, in its capacity as the holder of the Special Units, may be entitled to receive a cash payment upon dispositions of the Operating Partnership’s assets and/or redemption of the Special Units upon the earliest to occur of (i) the termination or non-renewal of the Advisory Agreement, upon a merger or sale of assets or other transaction in which the directors then in office are replaced or removed, by the Advisor for good reason, or by us or the Operating Partnership other than for cause, or (ii) a Liquidity Event. Such payments will reduce cash available for distribution to our stockholders and may negatively affect the value of our shares of common stock upon consummation of a Liquidity Event. Furthermore, if Special Units are redeemed pursuant to the termination of the Advisory Agreement, there will not be cash from the disposition of assets to make a redemption payment; therefore, we may need to use cash from operations, borrowings, or other sources to make the payment, which will reduce cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
The holders of OP Units (other than us and the holder of the Special Units) generally have the right to cause the Operating Partnership to redeem all or a portion of their OP Units for, at our sole discretion, shares of our common stock, cash, or a combination of both. Our election to redeem OP Units for cash will reduce funds available for other purposes, including for distributions and for redemption requests under our share redemption program.
If we internalize our management functions, the percentage of our outstanding common stock owned by our other stockholders could be reduced, we could incur other significant costs associated with being self-managed, and any internalization could have other adverse effects on our business and financial condition.
At some point in the future, we may internalize the functions performed for us by the Advisor, particularly if we seek to list our shares on an exchange as a way of providing our stockholders with a Liquidity Event. The method by which we could internalize these functions could take many forms. We may hire our own group of executives and other employees or we may acquire the Advisor or its assets, including its existing workforce. Any internalization transaction could result in significant payments to the owners of the Advisor, including in the form of our stock, which could reduce the percentage ownership of our then existing stockholders and concentrate ownership in the Sponsor. Such costs also may limit or preclude our ability to successfully achieve a Liquidity Event. In addition, there is no assurance that internalizing our management functions will be beneficial to us and our stockholders. For example, we may not realize the perceived benefits because of the costs of being self-managed or we may not be able to properly integrate a new staff of managers and employees or we may not be able to effectively replicate the services provided previously by the Advisor or its affiliates. Internalization transactions have also, in some cases, been the subject of litigation. Even if these claims are without merit, we could be forced to spend significant amounts of money defending claims which would reduce the amount of funds available for us to invest in real estate assets or to pay distributions.
If another investment program, whether sponsored by the Sponsor or otherwise, hires the current executives or key personnel of the Advisor in connection with an internalization transaction or otherwise, or if we were to internalize our management but cannot retain some or all of our current executives or key personnel of the Advisor, our ability to conduct our business may be adversely affected.
We rely on key personnel of the Advisor to manage our day-to-day operating and acquisition activities. In addition, all of our current executives and other key personnel of the Advisor provide services to one or more other investment programs, including other public investment programs sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor. These programs or third parties may decide to retain or hire some or all of our current executives and the Advisor’s other key personnel in the future through an internalization transaction or otherwise. If this occurs, we may not be able to retain some or all of our current executives and other key personnel of the Advisor who are most familiar with our business and operations, thereby potentially adversely impacting our business. If we
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were to effectuate an internalization of the Advisor, we may not be able to retain all of the current executives and the Advisor’s other key personnel or to maintain a relationship with the Sponsor, which also may adversely affect our ability to conduct our business.
We have broad authority to incur debt, and high debt levels could hinder our ability to make distributions and could decrease the value of an investment in shares of our common stock.
Under our charter, we have a limitation on borrowing which precludes us from borrowing in excess of 300% of the value of our net assets, provided that we may exceed this limit if a higher level of borrowing is approved by a majority of our independent directors. High debt levels could cause us to incur higher interest charges, could result in higher debt service obligations, could be accompanied by restrictive covenants, and generally could make us subject to the risks associated with higher leverage. These factors could limit the amount of cash we have available to distribute and could result in a decline in the value of an investment in shares of our common stock.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR GENERAL BUSINESS OPERATIONS AND OUR CORPORATE STRUCTURE
We have incurred net losses and accumulated deficits on a GAAP basis for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.
For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we have incurred net losses, on a GAAP basis, of approximately $63.3 million and $37.6 million, respectively. In addition, we had accumulated deficit balances, on a GAAP basis, of approximately $212.8 million and $81.2 million, respectively, as December 31, 2016 and 2015. Our losses and the related accumulated deficit balances can be attributed, in part, to acquisition-related expenses that are incurred while we are in the acquisition phase of our life cycle. We may incur net losses and accumulated deficits in the future. We are subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any business, including the risk that the value of a stockholder’s investment could decline substantially. We cannot assure our stockholders that, in the future, we will be profitable or that we will realize growth in the value of our assets.
A change in U.S. accounting standards regarding operating leases may make the leasing of our properties less attractive to our potential tenants, which could reduce overall demand for our leasing services.
Under current authoritative accounting guidance for leases, a lease is classified by a customer as a capital lease if the significant risks and rewards of ownership are considered to reside with the customer. Under capital lease accounting, both the leased asset and liability are reflected on the customer’s balance sheet. If the terms of the lease do not meet the criteria for a capital lease, the lease is considered an operating lease and no leased asset or contractual lease obligation is recorded on the customer’s balance sheet. Accordingly, under the current accounting standards for leases, the entry into an operating lease with respect to real property could appear to enhance a customer’s reported leverage position or results of operations in comparison to the customer’s direct ownership of the property.
In order to address concerns raised by the SEC regarding the transparency of contractual lease obligations under the existing accounting standards for operating leases, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02 on February 25, 2016, which substantially changes the current lease accounting standards, primarily by significantly changing the concept of operating lease accounting. As a result, a leased asset and obligation will be recorded on the customer’s balance sheet for all lease arrangements. In addition, ASU 2016-02 will impact the method in which contractual lease payments will be recorded. In order to mitigate the effect of the new lease accounting standards, customers may seek to negotiate certain terms within new lease arrangements or modify terms in existing lease arrangements, such as shorter lease terms, which would generally have less impact on their balance sheets. Customers also may reassess their lease-versus-buy strategies. This could result in greater renewal risks, delays in investing our offering proceeds, or shorter lease terms, all of which may negatively impact our operations and our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders. The new
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leasing standard is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We plan to early adopt the standard, beginning January 1, 2018. The guidance will be adopted using a modified retrospective transition, which will require application of ASU 2016-02 at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. Our initial analysis of our lease contracts indicates that the adoption of this standard will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements; however, we are still in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02.
If we are delayed in finding or unable to find suitable investments, we may not be able to achieve our investment objectives and make distributions to our stockholders.
We could suffer from delays in identifying suitable investments due to, among other factors, competition we face for real property investments from other REITs and institutional investors, as well as from certain other entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor, which may have greater financial resources than we do, may be able to accept more risk than we can and may possess other significant competitive advantages over us, including a lower cost of capital. Because we are conducting the Offering on a “best efforts” basis over time, our ability to commit to purchase specific assets will also depend, in part, on the amount of proceeds we have received at a given time. If we are delayed in finding or unable to find suitable investments, we may not be able to achieve our investment objectives or make distributions to our stockholders. In addition, such delays in our ability to find suitable investments would increase the length of time that offering proceeds are held in short term liquid investments that are expected to only produce minimal returns.
We anticipate that our investments will be concentrated in the industrial real estate sector and primarily in the largest distribution and logistics markets in the U.S., and our business could be adversely affected by an economic downturn in that sector or in those geographic areas.
We anticipate that our investments will be concentrated in the industrial real estate sector and primarily in the largest distribution and logistics markets in the U.S. Such industry concentration may expose us to the risk of economic downturns in this sector, such as downturns that may result from economic uncertainty with respect to imports and international trade or changes to trade agreements, to a greater extent than if our business activities included investing a more significant portion of the net proceeds of the Offering in other sectors of the real estate industry; and such market concentrations may expose us to the risk of economic downturns in these areas. In addition, if our customers are concentrated in any particular industry, any adverse economic developments in such industry could expose us to additional risks. These concentration risks could negatively impact our operating results and affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
The geographic concentration of our properties in certain markets makes our business vulnerable to adverse conditions in those markets.
Because of the geographic concentration of certain of our properties, we may be vulnerable to adverse conditions, including general economic conditions, increased competition, real estate conditions, terrorist attacks, potential impacts from labor disputes at California or other ports, earthquakes and wildfires, and other natural disasters occurring in such markets. As of December 31, 2016, Atlanta was the only market that represented 10% or more of our total annualized base rent at 10.2%. In addition, we cannot assure our stockholders that the markets in which our properties are located will continue to grow or remain favorable to the industrial real estate industry.
We are dependent on customers for revenue and our inability to lease our properties or to collect rent from our customers will adversely affect our results of operations and returns to our stockholders.
Our revenues from property investments depend on the creditworthiness of our customers and will be adversely affected by the loss of or default by significant lessees. Much of our customer base is presently comprised of and is expected to continue to be comprised of non-rated and non-investment grade customers. In addition, certain of our properties are occupied by a single customer, and as a result, the success of those properties depends on the
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financial stability of that customer. Lease payment defaults by customers could cause us to reduce the amount of distributions to stockholders and could force us to find an alternative source of funding to pay any mortgage loan interest or principal, taxes, or other obligations relating to the property. In the event of a customer default, we may also experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment and re-leasing our property. If a lease is terminated, the value of the property may be immediately and negatively affected and we may be unable to lease the property for the rent previously received or at all or sell the property without incurring a loss.
A prolonged national or world-wide economic downturn or volatile capital market conditions could harm our operations, cash flows and financial condition and lower returns to stockholders.
If disruptions in the capital and credit markets occur, they could adversely affect our ability to obtain loans, credit facilities, debt financing and other financing, or, when available, to obtain such financing on reasonable terms, which could negatively impact our ability to implement our investment strategy.
If these disruptions in the capital and credit markets should occur again as a result of, among other factors, uncertainty, changing regulation, changes in trade agreements, reduced alternatives or additional failures of significant financial institutions, our access to liquidity could be significantly impacted. Prolonged disruptions could result in us taking measures to conserve cash until the markets stabilize or until alternative credit arrangements or other funding for our business needs could be arranged. Such measures could include deferring investments, reducing or eliminating the number of shares redeemed under our share redemption program and reducing or eliminating distributions we make to our stockholders.
We believe the risks associated with our business are more severe during periods of economic downturn if these periods are accompanied by declining values in real estate. For example, a prolonged economic downturn could negatively impact our property investments as a result of increased customer delinquencies and/or defaults under our leases, generally lower demand for rentable space, potential oversupply of rentable space leading to increased concessions and/or tenant improvement expenditures, or reduced rental rates to maintain occupancies. Our operations could be negatively affected to a greater extent if an economic downturn occurs again, is prolonged or becomes more severe, which could significantly harm our revenues, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, business prospects and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Yields on and safety of deposits may be lower due to the extensive decline in the financial markets.
We generally plan to hold cash in permitted liquid investments. Subject to applicable REIT rules, such investments include money market funds, bank money market accounts and CDs or other accounts at third-party depository institutions. Continuous or unusual declines in the financial markets may result in a loss of some or all of these funds. In particular, during times of economic distress, money market funds have experienced intense redemption pressure and have had difficulty satisfying redemption requests. As such, we may not be able to access the cash in our money market investments. In addition, income from these investments is minimal.
The failure of any bank in which we deposit our funds could reduce the amount of cash we have available to pay distributions and make additional investments.
We will seek to diversify our excess cash and cash equivalents among several banking institutions in an attempt to minimize exposure to any one of these entities. However, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation generally only insures amounts up to $250,000 per depositor per insured bank. It is likely that we will have cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash deposited in certain financial institutions substantially in excess of federally insured levels. If any of the banking institutions in which we deposit funds ultimately fails, we may lose our deposits over $250,000. The loss of our deposits could reduce the amount of cash we have available to distribute or invest and could result in a decline in the value of our stockholders’ investment.
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Non-traded REITs have been the subject of increased scrutiny by regulators and media outlets resulting from inquiries and investigations initiated by FINRA and the SEC. We could become the subject of scrutiny and may face difficulties in raising capital should negative perceptions develop regarding non-traded REITs. As a result, we may be unable to raise substantial additional funds, which would negatively impact our business.
Our securities are sold primarily through the independent broker dealer channel (i.e., U.S. broker dealers that are not affiliated with money center banks or similar financial institutions). Governmental and self-regulatory organizations like the SEC and FINRA impose and enforce regulations on broker dealers, investment banking firms, investment advisers and similar financial services companies. Self-regulatory organizations, such as FINRA, adopt rules, subject to approval by the SEC that govern aspects of the financial services industry and conduct periodic examinations of the operations of registered investment dealers and broker dealers.
As a result of this increased scrutiny and accompanying negative publicity and coverage by media outlets, FINRA may impose additional restrictions on sales practices in the independent broker dealer channel for non-traded REITs, and accordingly we may face increased difficulty in raising capital in the Offering. If we are unable to raise substantial additional funds in the Offering, the number and type of investments we may make will be limited, which would negatively impact our overall business plan. If we become the subject of scrutiny, even if we have complied with all applicable laws and regulations, responding to such scrutiny could be expensive, harmful to our reputation, distracting to our management and may negatively impact our ability to raise capital.
Terrorist attacks and other acts of violence, civilian unrest or war may affect the markets in which we operate, our operations and our profitability.
Terrorist attacks and other acts of violence, civilian unrest, or war may negatively affect our operations and our stockholders’ investment. We may acquire real estate assets located in areas that are susceptible to attack. In addition, any kind of terrorist activity or violent criminal acts, including terrorist acts against public institutions or buildings or modes of public transportation (including airlines, trains or buses) could have a negative effect on our business. These events may directly impact the value of our assets through damage, destruction, loss or increased security costs. Although we may obtain terrorism insurance, we may not be able to obtain sufficient coverage to fund any losses we may incur. Risks associated with potential acts of terrorism could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against property and casualty claims. Further, certain losses resulting from these types of events are uninsurable or not insurable at reasonable costs.
More generally, any terrorist attack, other act of violence or war, including armed conflicts, could result in increased volatility in, or damage to, the worldwide financial markets and economy. Increased economic volatility could adversely affect our customers’ ability to pay rent on their leases or our ability to borrow money or issue capital stock at acceptable prices and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
Our business could suffer in the event the Advisor, the Dealer Manager, our transfer agent or any other party that provides us with services essential to our operations experiences system failures or cyber incidents or a deficiency in cybersecurity.
The Advisor, the Dealer Manager, our transfer agent and other parties that provide us with services essential to our operations are vulnerable to service interruptions or damages from any number of sources, including computer viruses, malware, unauthorized access, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication failures. Any system failure or accident that causes interruptions in our operations could result in a material disruption to our business. A cyber incident is considered to be any adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity or availability of information resources. More specifically, a cyber incident is an intentional attack or an unintentional event that may include, but is not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to systems to disrupt operations, corrupt data, steal assets or misappropriate company funds and/or confidential information including, for example, confidential information regarding our stockholders. As reliance on technology in our industry has increased, so have the risks posed to our systems, both internal and those we
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have outsourced. In addition, the risk of cyber incidents has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Cyber incidents may be carried out by third parties or insiders, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, using techniques that range from highly sophisticated efforts to more traditional intelligence gathering and social engineering aimed at obtaining information. The remediation costs and lost revenues experienced by a victim of a cyber incident may be significant and significant resources may be required to repair system damage, protect against the threat of future security breaches or to alleviate problems, including reputational harm, loss of revenues and litigation, caused by any breaches. There also may be liability for any stolen assets or misappropriated company funds or confidential information. Any material adverse effect experienced by the Advisor, the Dealer Manager, our transfer agent and other parties that provide us with services essential to our operations could, in turn, have an adverse impact on us.
Our board of directors determines our major policies and operations which increases the uncertainties faced by our stockholders.
Our board of directors determines our major policies, including our policies regarding acquisitions, dispositions, financing, growth, debt capitalization, REIT qualification, listing, redemptions and distributions. Our board of directors may amend or revise these and other policies without providing notice to or obtaining the consent of our stockholders, which could result in investments that are different than those described in our prospectus. Under the Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter, our stockholders have a right to vote only on limited matters. Our board of directors’ broad discretion in setting policies and our stockholders’ inability to exert control over those policies increases the uncertainty and risks our stockholders face, especially if our board of directors and stockholders disagree as to what course of action is in our stockholders’ best interests.
Certain provisions in the partnership agreement of our Operating Partnership may delay, defer or prevent an unsolicited acquisition of us or a change of our control.
Provisions in the partnership agreement of our Operating Partnership may delay, defer or prevent an unsolicited acquisition of us or a change of our control. These provisions include, among others:
| | • | | redemption rights of qualifying parties; |
| | • | | a requirement that we may not be removed as the general partner of the operating partnership without our consent; |
| | • | | transfer restrictions on our OP Units; |
| | • | | our ability, as general partner, in some cases, to amend the partnership agreement without the consent of the limited partners; and |
| | • | | the right of the limited partners to consent to transfers of the general partnership interest and mergers under specified circumstances. |
These provisions could discourage third parties from making proposals involving an unsolicited acquisition of us or a change of our control, although some stockholders might consider such proposals, if made, desirable. Our charter and bylaws, the partnership agreement of our Operating Partnership and Maryland law also contain other provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of us that might involve a premium price for our common stock or that our stockholders otherwise might believe to be in their best interests.
Our UPREIT structure may result in potential conflicts of interest with limited partners in the Operating Partnership whose interests may not be aligned with those of our stockholders.
Limited partners in the Operating Partnership have the right to vote on certain amendments to the Operating Partnership agreement, as well as on certain other matters. Persons holding such voting rights may exercise them
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in a manner that conflicts with our stockholders’ interests. As general partner of the Operating Partnership, we are obligated to act in a manner that is in the best interests of all partners of the Operating Partnership. Circumstances may arise in the future when the interests of limited partners in the Operating Partnership may conflict with the interests of our stockholders. These conflicts may be resolved in a manner stockholders believe is not in their best interests.
We may acquire co-ownership interests in property that are subject to certain co-ownership agreements which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations, relative to if the co-ownership agreements did not exist.
We may acquire co-ownership interests, especially in connection with the Operating Partnership’s potential private placements, such as tenancy-in-common interests in property, interests in Delaware statutory trusts that own property and/or similar interests, which are subject to certain co-ownership agreements. The co-ownership agreements may limit our ability to encumber, lease, or dispose of our co-ownership interest. Such agreements could affect our ability to turn our investments into cash and could affect cash available for distributions to our stockholders. The co-ownership agreements could also impair our ability to take actions that would otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders and, therefore, may have an adverse effect on our results of operations, relative to if the co-ownership agreements did not exist.
The Operating Partnership’s potential private placements of tenancy-in-common interests in properties, Delaware statutory trust interests and/or similar interests could subject us to liabilities from litigation or otherwise.
The Operating Partnership may offer undivided tenancy-in-common interests in properties, interests in Delaware statutory trusts that own properties and/or similar interests to accredited investors in private placements exempt from registration under the Securities Act. We anticipate that these tenancy-in-common interests, Delaware statutory trust interests and/or similar interests may serve as replacement properties for investors seeking to complete like-kind exchange transactions under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Additionally, the properties associated with any tenancy-in-common interests, Delaware statutory trust interests and/or similar interests sold to investors pursuant to such private placements are expected to be 100% leased by the Operating Partnership, and such leases would be expected to contain purchase options whereby the Operating Partnership would have the right to acquire the tenancy-in-common interests, Delaware statutory trust interests and/or similar interests from the investors at a later time in exchange for OP Units under Section 721 of the Code. Investors who acquire tenancy-in-common interests, Delaware statutory trust interests and/or similar interests pursuant to such private placements may do so seeking certain tax benefits that depend on the interpretation of, and compliance with, extremely technical tax laws and regulations. As the general partner of the Operating Partnership, we may become subject to liability, from litigation or otherwise, as a result of such transactions, including in the event an investor fails to qualify for any desired tax benefits.
When we invest in a limited partnership as a general partner, we could be responsible for all liabilities of such partnership.
We have invested, and may continue to invest, in limited partnership entities through joint ventures or other co-ownership arrangements, in which we acquire all or a portion of our interest in such partnership as a general partner. Such general partner status could expose us to all the liabilities of such partnership. Additionally, we may take a non-managing general partner interest in the limited partnership, which would limit our rights of management or control over the operation of the partnership, expose our investment to increased risks, make us potentially liable for all liabilities of the partnership and reduce our stockholders’ returns. Therefore, we may be held responsible for all of the liabilities of an entity in which we do not have full management rights or control, and our liability may be greater than the amount or value of our initial, or then current, investment in the entity.
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Maryland law and our organizational documents limit our stockholders’ rights to bring claims against our officers and directors.
Maryland law provides that a director will not have any liability as a director so long as he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests, and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. In addition, our charter provides that, subject to the applicable limitations set forth therein or under Maryland law, no director or officer will be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages. Our charter also provides that we will generally indemnify and advance expenses to our directors, our officers, the Advisor and its affiliates for losses they may incur by reason of their service in those capacities unless their act or omission was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, they actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or, in the case of any criminal proceeding, they had reasonable cause to believe the act or omission was unlawful. Moreover, we have entered into separate indemnification agreements with each of our officers and directors. As a result, we and our stockholders have more limited rights against these persons than might otherwise exist under common law.
In addition, we are obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by these persons in some cases. However, our charter provides that we may not indemnify our directors, the Advisor and its affiliates for any liability or loss suffered by them or hold our directors, the Advisor and its affiliates harmless for any liability or loss suffered by us unless they have determined that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in our best interests, they were acting on our behalf or performing services for us, the liability or loss was not the result of negligence or misconduct by our non-independent directors, the Advisor and its affiliates or gross negligence or willful misconduct by our independent directors, and the indemnification or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of our net assets or the proceeds of insurance and not from our stockholders.
We have issued shares of common stock as dividends and may issue preferred stock, additional shares of common stock or other classes of common stock, which issuance could adversely affect the holders of our common stock issued pursuant to the Offering.
Holders of our common stock do not have preemptive rights to any shares issued by us in the future. We issued additional shares of common stock as a stock dividend to stockholders of record for the first three quarters of 2014, which may dilute the value of the shares. In addition, we may issue additional shares of common stock, without stockholder approval, at a price which could dilute the value of existing stockholders’ shares. In addition, we may issue, without stockholder approval, preferred stock or other classes of common stock with rights that could dilute the value of our stockholders’ shares of common stock. This would increase the number of stockholders entitled to distributions without simultaneously increasing the size of our asset base. Our charter authorizes us to issue a total of 1.7 billion shares of capital stock. Of the total number of shares of capital stock authorized: (a) 1.5 billion shares are designated as common stock, including 900.0 million classified as Class A shares and 600.0 million classified as Class T shares; and (b) 200.0 million shares are designated as preferred stock. Our board of directors may amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of capital stock or the number of authorized shares of capital stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue without stockholder approval. If we ever created and issued preferred stock with a distribution preference over common stock, payment of any distribution preferences of outstanding preferred stock would reduce the amount of funds available for the payment of distributions on our common stock. Further, holders of preferred stock are normally entitled to receive a preference payment in the event we liquidate, dissolve or wind up before any payment is made to our common stockholders, likely reducing the amount common stockholders would otherwise receive upon such an occurrence. In addition, under certain circumstances, the issuance of preferred stock or a separate class or series of common stock may render more difficult or tend to discourage:
| | • | | A merger, tender offer or proxy contest; |
| | • | | The assumption of control by a holder of a large block of our securities; and/or |
| | • | | The removal of incumbent management. |
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The limit on the percentage of shares of our common stock that any person may own may discourage a takeover or business combination that could benefit our stockholders.
Our charter restricts the direct or indirect ownership by one person or entity to no more than 9.8% of the value of our then outstanding capital stock (which includes common stock and any preferred stock we may issue) and no more than 9.8% of the value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our then outstanding common stock. This restriction may discourage a change of control of us and may deter individuals or entities from making tender offers for shares of our common stock on terms that might be financially attractive to stockholders or which may cause a change in our management. This ownership restriction may also prohibit business combinations that would have otherwise been approved by our board of directors and our stockholders. In addition to deterring potential transactions that may be favorable to our stockholders, these provisions may also decrease our stockholders’ ability to sell their shares of our common stock.
RISKS RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN PROPERTY
Changes in global, national, regional or local economic, demographic, political, real estate, or capital market conditions may adversely affect our results of operations and returns to our stockholders.
We are subject to risks generally incident to the ownership of property including changes in global, national, regional or local economic, demographic, political, real estate, or capital market conditions and other factors particular to the locations of the respective property investments. We are unable to predict future changes in these market conditions. For example, an economic downturn or a rise in interest rates could make it more difficult for us to lease properties or dispose of them. In addition, rising interest rates could also make alternative interest bearing and other investments more attractive and, therefore, potentially lower the relative value of our existing real estate investments.
Adverse economic conditions in the regions where our assets are located may adversely affect our levels of occupancy, the terms of our leases, and our ability to lease available areas, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our results of operations depend substantially on our ability to lease the areas available in the properties that we own as well as the price at which we lease such space. Adverse conditions in the regions and specific markets where we operate may reduce our ability to lease our properties, reduce occupancy levels, restrict our ability to increase rental rates and force us to lower rental rates and/or offer customer incentives. Should our assets fail to generate sufficient revenues for us to meet our obligations, our financial condition and results of operations, as well as our ability to make distributions, could be adversely affected. The following factors, among others, may adversely affect the operating performance of our properties:
| | • | | Economic downturn and turmoil in the financial markets may preclude us from leasing our properties or increase the vacancy level of our assets; |
| | • | | Periods of increased interest rates could result in, among other things, an increase in defaults by customers, a decline in our property values, and make it more difficult for us to dispose of our properties at an attractive price; |
| | • | | Rising vacancy rates for commercial property, particularly in large metropolitan areas; |
| | • | | Our inability to attract and maintain quality customers; |
| | • | | Default or breaches by our customers of their contractual obligations; |
| | • | | Increases in our operating costs, including the need for capital improvements; |
| | • | | Increases in the taxes levied on our business; and |
| | • | | Regulatory changes affecting the real estate industry, including zoning rules. |
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We anticipate that our investments in real estate assets will continue to be concentrated in industrial properties, and the demand for industrial space in the U.S. is related to the level of economic activity. Accordingly, reduced economic activity may lead to lower occupancy and/or rental rates for our properties.
Properties that have vacancies for a significant period of time could be difficult to sell, which could diminish the return to our stockholders.
If property vacancies continue for a long period of time, we may suffer reduced revenues resulting in less cash to be distributed to stockholders. In addition, because properties’ market values depend principally upon the cash flow generated by the properties’ leases, the resale value of properties with prolonged vacancies could suffer, which could further reduce the return to our stockholders.
Risks related to the development of properties may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and returns to our stockholders.
The risk associated with development and construction activities carried out by real estate companies like ours include, among others, the following:
| | • | | Long periods of time may elapse between the commencement and the completion of our projects; |
| | • | | Construction and development costs may exceed original estimates; |
| | • | | The developer/builder may be unable to index costs or receivables to inflation indices prevailing in the industry; |
| | • | | The level of interest of potential customers for a recently launched development may be low; |
| | • | | There could be delays in obtaining necessary permits; |
| | • | | The supply and availability of construction materials and equipment may decrease and the price of construction materials and equipment may increase; |
| | • | | Construction and sales may not be completed on time, resulting in a cost increase; |
| | • | | It may be difficult to acquire land for new developments or properties; |
| | • | | Labor may be in limited availability; |
| | • | | Changes in tax, real estate and zoning laws may be unfavorable to us; and |
| | • | | Unforeseen environmental or other site conditions. |
In addition, our reputation and the construction quality of our real estate developments, whether operated individually or through partnerships, may be determining factors for our ability to lease space and grow. The timely delivery of real estate projects and the quality of our developments, however, depend on certain factors beyond our full control, including the quality and timeliness of construction materials delivered to us and the technical capabilities of our contractor. If one or more problems affect our real estate developments, our reputation and future performance may be negatively affected and we may be exposed to civil liability. Companies in the real estate industry, including us, depend on a variety of factors outside of their control to build, develop and operate real estate projects. These factors include, among others, the availability of market resources for financing, land acquisition and project development. We may be unable to obtain financing for construction and development activities under favorable terms, including but not limited to interest rates, maturity dates and/or loan to value ratios, or at all, which could cause us to delay or even abandon potential development projects. Further, any scarcity of market resources, including human capital, may decrease our development capacity due to either difficulty in obtaining credit for land acquisition or construction financing or a need to reduce the pace of our growth. The combination of these risks may adversely affect our revenues, results of operations, financial condition and ability to make distributions to our stockholders which may adversely affect returns to our stockholders.
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Delays in the acquisition, development and construction of properties may have adverse effects on portfolio diversification, results of operations, and returns to our stockholders’ investment.
Delays we encounter in the acquisition, development and construction of properties could adversely affect our stockholders’ returns. To the extent that such disruptions continue, we may be delayed in our ability to invest our capital in property investments that meet our acquisition criteria. Such delays would result in our maintaining a relatively higher cash balance than expected, which could have a negative effect on our stockholders’ returns until the capital is invested. In addition, where properties are acquired prior to the start of construction or during the early stages of construction, it will typically take several months or longer to complete construction, to rent available space, and for rent payments to commence. Therefore, we may not receive any income from these properties and distributions to our stockholders could suffer. Delays in the completion of construction could give customers the right to terminate preconstruction leases for space at a newly developed project. We may incur additional risks when we make periodic progress payments or other advances to builders prior to completion of construction. Each of those factors could result in increased costs of a project or loss of our investment. In addition, we will be subject to normal lease-up risks relating to newly constructed projects. Furthermore, the price we agree to pay for a property will be based on our projections of rental income and expenses and estimates of the fair market value of the property upon completion of construction. If our projections are inaccurate, we may pay too much for a property.
Changes in supply of or demand for similar properties in a particular area may increase the price of real estate assets we seek to purchase or adversely affect the value of the properties we own.
The real estate industry is subject to market forces and we are unable to predict certain market changes including changes in supply of or demand for similar properties in a particular area. For example, if demand for the types of real estate assets in which we seek to invest were to sharply increase or supply of those assets were to sharply decrease, the prices of those assets could rise significantly. Any potential purchase of an overpriced asset could decrease our rate of return on these investments and result in lower operating results and overall returns to our stockholders. Likewise, a sharp increase in supply could adversely affect lease rates and occupancy, which could result in lower operating results and overall returns to our stockholders.
Actions of joint venture partners could negatively impact our performance.
We have entered, and may continue to enter, into joint ventures with third parties, including entities that are affiliated with the Advisor. We may also purchase and develop properties in joint ventures or in partnerships, co-tenancies or other co-ownership arrangements with the sellers of the properties, affiliates of the sellers, developers or other persons. Such investments may involve risks not otherwise present with a direct investment in real estate, including, for example:
| | • | | The possibility that our venture partner, co-tenant or partner in an investment might become bankrupt or otherwise be unable to meet its capital contribution obligations; |
| | • | | That such venture partner, co-tenant or partner may at any time have economic or business interests or goals which are or which become inconsistent with our business interests or goals; |
| | • | | That such venture partner, co-tenant or partner may be in a position to take action contrary to our instructions or requests or contrary to our policies or objectives; or |
| | • | | That actions by such venture partner could adversely affect our reputation, negatively impacting our ability to conduct business. |
Actions by such a joint venture partner or co-tenant, which are generally out of our control, might have the result of subjecting the property to liabilities in excess of those contemplated and may have the effect of reducing our stockholders’ returns, particularly if the joint venture agreement provides that the joint venture partner is the managing partner or otherwise maintains a controlling interest that could allow it to take actions contrary to our interests.
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Under certain joint venture arrangements, neither venture partner may have the power to control the venture, and an impasse could be reached, which might have a negative influence on the joint venture and decrease potential returns to our stockholders. In the event that a venture partner has a right of first refusal to buy out the other partner, it may be unable to finance such a buy-out at that time. For example, certain actions by the joint venture partnership may require joint approval of our affiliated partners, on the one hand, and our joint venture partner, on the other hand. An impasse among the partners could result in a “deadlock event”, which could trigger a buy-sell mechanism under the partnership agreement and, under certain circumstances, could lead to a liquidation of all or a portion of the partnership’s portfolio. In such circumstances, we may also be subject to the 100% penalty tax on “prohibited transactions.” It may also be difficult for us to sell our interest in any such joint venture or partnership or as a co-tenant in a particular property. In addition, to the extent that our venture partner or co-customer is an affiliate of the Advisor, certain conflicts of interest will exist.
Properties are illiquid investments and we may be unable to adjust our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other conditions or sell a property if or when we decide to do so.
Properties are illiquid investments and we may be unable to adjust our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other conditions. In addition, the real estate market is affected by many factors, such as general economic conditions, availability of financing, interest rates and other factors, including supply and demand, that are beyond our control. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any property for the price or on the terms set by us, or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us.
We cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a property. We may also be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a property can be sold. There can be no assurance that we will have funds available to correct such defects or to make such improvements. In acquiring a property, we may agree to restrictions that prohibit the sale of that property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that property. All of these provisions would restrict our ability to sell a property.
Properties that have significant vacancies, especially value-add or other types of development real estate assets, may experience delays in leasing up or could be difficult to sell, which could diminish our return on these properties and the return on our stockholders’ investment.
Value-add properties or other types of development properties may have significant vacancies at the time of acquisition. If vacancies continued for a prolonged period of time beyond the expected lease-up stage that we anticipate will follow any redevelopment or repositioning efforts, we may suffer reduced revenues, resulting in less cash available for distributions to our stockholders. In addition, the resale value of the property could be diminished because the market value of a particular property depends principally upon the value of the cash flow generated by the leases associated with that property. Such a reduction on the resale value of a property could also reduce the return on our stockholders’ investment.
Our operating expenses may increase in the future and to the extent such increases cannot be passed on to our customers, our cash flow and our operating results would decrease.
Operating expenses, such as expenses for property and other taxes, fuel, utilities, labor, building materials and insurance are not fixed and may increase in the future. Furthermore, we may not be able to pass these increases on to our customers. To the extent such increases cannot be passed on to our customers, any such increases would cause our cash flow and our operating results to decrease.
We compete with numerous other parties or entities for property investments and customers and may not compete successfully.
We compete with numerous other persons or entities seeking to buy or develop real estate assets or to attract customers to properties we already own, including with entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor,
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ILT, DPF and the Liquidating Trust. These persons or entities may have greater experience and financial strength. There is no assurance that we will be able to acquire or develop real estate assets or attract customers on favorable terms, if at all. For example, our competitors may be willing to offer space at rental rates below our rates, causing us to lose existing or potential customers and pressuring us to reduce our rental rates to retain existing customers or convince new customers to lease space at our properties. Similarly, the opening of new competing assets near the assets that we own may hinder our ability to renew our existing leases or to lease to new customers, because the proximity of new competitors may divert existing or new customers to such competitors. Each of these factors may lead to a reduction in our cash flow and operating income and could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, value of our investments and ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
The operating results of the assets that we own may be impacted by our customers’ financial condition.
Our income is derived primarily from lease payments made by our customers. As such, our performance is indirectly affected by the financial results of our customers, as difficulties experienced by our customers could result in defaults in their obligations to us. Furthermore, certain of our assets may utilize leases with payments directly related to customer sales, where the amount of rent that we charge a customer is calculated as a percentage of such customer’s revenues over a fixed period of time, and a reduction in sales can reduce the amount of the lease payments required to be made to us by customers leasing space in such assets.
The financial results of our customers can depend on several factors, including but not limited to the general business environment, interest rates, inflation, the availability of credit, taxation and overall consumer confidence. An economic downturn can be expected to negatively impact all of these factors, some to a greater degree than others.
In addition, our ability to increase our revenues and operating income partially depends on steady growth of demand for the products and services offered by the customers located in the assets that we own and manage. A drop in demand, as a result of a slowdown in the U.S. and global economy or otherwise, could result in a reduction in customer performance and consequently, adversely affect us.
If we enter into long-term leases with customers, those leases may not result in market rental rates over time, which could adversely affect our revenues and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
We expect that the majority of our leases will be long-term operating leases. Long-term leases, as well as leases with renewal options that specify a maximum rent increase, may not allow for market-based or significant increases in rental payments during the term of the lease. If we do not accurately judge the potential for increases in market rental rates when negotiating these long-term leases, we may have no ability to terminate those leases or to adjust the rent to then-prevailing market rates. These circumstances could negatively impact our operating results and affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Lease agreements may have specific provisions that create risks to our business and may adversely affect us.
Our lease agreements are regulated by local, municipal, state and federal laws, which may grant certain rights to customers, such as the compulsory renewal of their lease by filing lease renewal actions when certain legal conditions are met. A lease renewal action may represent two principal risks for us: if we planned to vacate a given unit in order to change or adapt an asset’s mix of customers, the customer could remain in that unit by filing a lease renewal action and interfere with our strategy; and if we desired to increase the lease price for a specific unit, this increase may need to be approved in the course of a lease renewal action, and the final value could be decided at the discretion of a judge. We would then be subject to the court’s interpretation and decision, and could be forced to accept an even lower price for the lease of the unit. The compulsory renewal of our lease agreements and/or the judicial review of our lease prices may adversely affect our cash flow and our operating results.
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Certain of our lease agreements may not be “triple net leases,” under which the lessee undertakes to pay all the expenses of maintaining the leased property, including insurance, taxes, utilities and repairs. We will be exposed to higher maintenance, taxes, and property management expenses with respect to all of our leases that are not “triple net.”
We depend on the availability of public utilities and services, especially for water and electric power. Any reduction, interruption or cancellation of these services may adversely affect us.
Public utilities, especially those that provide water and electric power, are fundamental for the sound operation of our assets. The delayed delivery or any material reduction or prolonged interruption of these services could allow certain customers to terminate their leases or result in an increase in our costs, as we may be forced to use backup generators, which also could be insufficient to fully operate our facilities and could result in our inability to provide services. Accordingly, any interruption or limitation in the provision of these essential services may adversely affect us.
The real estate industry is subject to extensive regulation, which may result in higher expenses or other negative consequences that could adversely affect us.
Our activities are subject to federal, state and municipal laws, and to regulations, authorizations and license requirements with respect to, among other things, zoning, environmental protection and historical heritage, all of which may affect our business. We may be required to obtain licenses and permits with different governmental authorities in order to acquire and manage our assets.
In addition, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) which generally took effect in 2011, contains a sweeping overhaul of the regulation of U.S. financial institutions and financial markets. Key provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act require extensive rulemaking by the SEC and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, some of which remains ongoing. Thus, the full impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on our business cannot be fully assessed until all final implementing rules and regulations are promulgated.
Various rules currently in effect under the Dodd-Frank Act may have a significant impact on our business, including, without limitation, provisions of the legislation that increase regulation of and disclosure requirements related to investment advisors, swap transactions and hedging policies, corporate governance and executive compensation, investor protection and enforcement provisions, and asset-backed securities. In February 2017, the U.S. President ordered the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury to review certain existing rules and regulations, such as those promulgated under the Dodd-Frank Act; however, the implications of that review are not yet known and none of the rules and regulations promulgated under the Dodd-Frank Act have been modified or rescinded as of the date of this report.
For example, but not by way of limitation, the Dodd-Frank Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder provides for significantly increased regulation of the derivatives markets and transactions that affect our interest rate hedging activities, including: (i) regulatory reporting; (ii) subject to limited exemptions, mandated clearing through central counterparties and execution on regulated exchanges or execution facilities; and (iii) margin and collateral requirements. While the full impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on our interest rate hedging activities cannot be fully assessed until all final implementing rules and regulations are promulgated, the foregoing requirements may affect our ability to enter into hedging or other risk management transactions, may increase our costs in entering into such transactions, and/or may result in us entering into such transactions on less favorable terms than prior to the Dodd-Frank Act. For example, subject to an exception for “end-users” of swaps upon which we and our subsidiaries generally rely, we may be required to clear certain interest rate hedging transactions by submitting them to a derivatives clearing organization. To the extent we are required to clear any such transactions, we will be required to, among other things, post margin in connection with such transactions. The occurrence of any of the foregoing events may have an adverse effect on our business and our stockholders’ return.
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In addition, public authorities may enact new and more stringent standards, or interpret existing laws and regulations in a more restrictive manner, which may force companies in the real estate industry, including us, to spend funds to comply with these new rules. Any such action on the part of public authorities may adversely affect our results from operations.
In the event of noncompliance with such laws, regulations, licenses and authorizations, we may face the payment of fines, project shutdowns, cancellation of licenses, and revocation of authorizations, in addition to other civil and criminal penalties.
Our properties are subject to property and other taxes that may increase in the future, which could adversely affect our cash flow.
Our properties are subject to real and personal property and other taxes that may increase as tax rates change and as the properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. Certain of our leases may provide that the property taxes, or increases therein, are charged to the lessees as an expense related to the properties that they occupy while other leases will generally provide that we are responsible for such taxes. In any case, as the owner of the properties, we are ultimately responsible for payment of the taxes to the applicable governmental authorities. If property taxes increase, our customers may be unable to make the required tax payments, ultimately requiring us to pay the taxes even if otherwise stated under the terms of the lease. If we fail to pay any such taxes, the applicable taxing authorities may place a lien on the property and the property may be subject to a tax sale. In addition, we will generally be responsible for property taxes related to any vacant space.
Uninsured losses or premiums for insurance coverage relating to property may adversely affect our operating results.
We attempt to adequately insure all of our properties against casualty losses. There are types of losses, generally catastrophic in nature, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pollution or environmental matters that are uninsurable or not economically insurable, or may be insured subject to limitations, such as large deductibles or co-payments. Risks associated with potential terrorism acts could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against property and casualty claims. Additionally, mortgage lenders sometimes require commercial property owners to purchase specific coverage against terrorism as a condition for providing mortgage loans. These policies may not be available at a reasonable cost, if at all, which could inhibit our ability to finance or refinance our properties. In such instances, we may be required to provide other financial support, either through financial assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. Changes in the cost or availability of insurance could expose us to uninsured casualty losses. In the event that any of our properties incurs a casualty loss which is not fully covered by insurance, the value of our assets will be reduced by any such uninsured loss. In addition, we could be held liable for indemnifying possible victims of an accident. There can be no assurance that funding will be available to us for repair or reconstruction of damaged property in the future or for liability payments to accident victims.
Environmentally hazardous conditions may adversely affect our operating results.
Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, a current or previous owner or operator of property may be liable for the cost of removing or remediating hazardous or toxic substances on such property. Such laws often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. Even if more than one person may have been responsible for the contamination, each person covered by the environmental laws may be held responsible for all of the clean-up costs incurred. In addition, third parties may sue the owner or operator of a site for damages based on personal injury, natural resources or property damage or other costs, including investigation and clean-up costs, resulting from the environmental contamination. The presence of hazardous or toxic substances on one of our properties, or the failure to properly remediate a contaminated property, could give rise to a lien in favor of the government for costs it may incur to address the contamination, or otherwise adversely affect our ability to sell or lease the
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property or borrow using the property as collateral. Environmental laws also may impose restrictions on the manner in which property may be used or businesses may be operated. A property owner who violates environmental laws may be subject to sanctions which may be enforced by governmental agencies or, in certain circumstances, private parties. In connection with the acquisition and ownership of our properties, we may be exposed to such costs. The cost of defending against environmental claims, of compliance with environmental regulatory requirements or of remediating any contaminated property could materially adversely affect our business, assets or results of operations and, consequently, amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.
Environmental laws in the U.S. also require that owners or operators of buildings containing asbestos properly manage and maintain the asbestos, adequately inform or train those who may come into contact with asbestos and undertake special precautions, including removal or other abatement, in the event that asbestos is disturbed during building renovation or demolition. These laws may impose fines and penalties on building owners or operators who fail to comply with these requirements and may allow third parties to seek recovery from owners or operators for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos. Some of our properties may contain asbestos-containing building materials.
We have, and intend to continue to, invest in properties historically used for industrial, manufacturing and commercial purposes. Some of our properties may contain at the time of our investment, or may have contained prior to our investment, underground storage tanks for the storage of petroleum products and other hazardous or toxic substances. All of these operations create a potential for the release of petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances. Some of our properties and future property acquisitions may be adjacent to or near other properties that have contained or then currently contain underground storage tanks used to store petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances. In addition, certain of our properties and future property acquisitions may be on or adjacent to or near other properties upon which others, including former owners or customers of our properties, have engaged, or may in the future engage, in activities that may release petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances.
From time to time, we may acquire properties, or interests in properties, with known adverse environmental conditions. In such an instance, we will underwrite the costs of environmental investigation, clean-up and monitoring into the cost, as applicable. Further, in connection with property dispositions, we may agree to remain responsible for, and to bear the cost of, remediating or monitoring certain environmental conditions on the properties.
Our properties are generally subject to a Phase I or similar environmental assessment by independent environmental consultants prior to or in connection with our acquisition of such properties. Phase I assessments are intended to discover and evaluate information regarding the environmental condition of the surveyed property and surrounding properties. Phase I assessments generally include a historical review, a public records review, an investigation of the surveyed site and surrounding properties, and preparation and issuance of a written report, but do not include soil sampling or subsurface investigations and typically do not include an asbestos survey. Nonetheless, an environmental liability that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations taken as a whole, may exist at the time of acquisition or may arise in the future, with respect to any properties that we acquire. Material environmental conditions, liabilities or compliance concerns may arise after an environmental assessment has been completed. Moreover, it is possible that (i) future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose a material environmental liability or (ii) the then current environmental condition of the properties that we acquire may be affected by customers, by the condition of land or operations in the vicinity of such properties (such as releases from underground storage tanks), or by third parties unrelated to us.
Costs of complying with environmental laws and regulations may adversely affect our income and the cash available for any distributions.
All property and the operations conducted on property are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and human health and safety. Customers’ ability to operate and to generate
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income to pay their lease obligations may be affected by permitting and compliance obligations arising under such laws and regulations. Some of these laws and regulations may impose joint and several liability on customers, owners or operators for the costs to investigate or remediate contaminated properties, regardless of fault or whether the acts causing the contamination were legal. Leasing properties to customers that engage in industrial, manufacturing, and commercial activities will cause us to be subject to the risk of liabilities under environmental laws and regulations. In addition, the presence of hazardous or toxic substances, or the failure to properly remediate these substances, may adversely affect our ability to sell, rent or pledge such property as collateral for future borrowings.
Some of these laws and regulations have been amended so as to require compliance with new or more stringent standards as of future dates. Compliance with new or more stringent laws or regulations or stricter interpretation of existing laws may require us to incur material expenditures. Future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose material environmental liability. Additionally, our customers’ operations, the existing condition of land when we buy it, operations in the vicinity of our properties, such as the presence of underground storage tanks, or activities of unrelated third parties may affect our properties. In addition, there are various local, state and federal fire, health, life-safety and similar regulations with which we may be required to comply and which may subject us to liability in the form of fines or damages for noncompliance. Any material expenditures, fines or damages we must pay will reduce our ability to make distributions. In addition, changes in these laws and governmental regulations, or their interpretation by agencies or the courts, could occur.
The costs associated with complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act may reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
Investment in properties may also be subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended. Under this act, all places of public accommodation are required to comply with federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. The act has separate compliance requirements for “public accommodations” and “commercial facilities” that generally require that buildings and services be made accessible and available to people with disabilities. The act’s requirements could require us to remove access barriers and could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, monetary penalties or, in some cases, an award of damages. Any monies we use to comply with the act will reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
We may not have funding for future tenant improvements which may adversely affect the value of our assets, our results of operations and returns to our stockholders.
If a customer at one of our properties does not renew its lease or otherwise vacates its space in one of our buildings, it is likely that, in order to attract one or more new customers, we will be required to expend substantial funds to construct new customer improvements in the vacated space. Substantially all of the net proceeds from the Offering will be used to acquire property, debt and other investments, and we do not anticipate that we will maintain permanent working capital reserves. We do not currently have an identified funding source to provide funds which may be required in the future for tenant improvements and customer refurbishments in order to attract new customers. If we do not establish sufficient reserves for working capital or obtain adequate secured financing to supply necessary funds for capital improvements or similar expenses, we may be required to defer necessary or desirable improvements to our properties. If we defer such improvements, the applicable properties may decline in value, and it may be more difficult for us to attract or retain customers to such properties or the amount of rent we can charge at such properties may decrease. There can be no assurance that we will have any sources of funding available to us for repair or reconstruction of damaged property in the future.
Property investments made outside of the U.S. will be subject to currency rate exposure and risks associated with the uncertainty of foreign laws and markets.
We may invest outside of the U.S., most likely in Mexico or Canada, to the extent that opportunities exist that may help us meet our investment objectives. To the extent that we invest in property located outside of the U.S.,
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in addition to risks inherent in an investment in real estate generally discussed herein, we will also be subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, changes in U.S. regulations concerning foreign investments, if any, and the uncertainty of foreign laws and markets including, but not limited to, unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, political and economic instability in certain geographic locations, difficulties in managing international operations, currency exchange controls, potentially adverse tax consequences, additional accounting and control expenses and the administrative burden associated with complying with a wide variety of foreign laws. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may adversely impact the fair values and earnings streams of our international holdings and therefore the returns on our non-dollar denominated investments. Although we may hedge our foreign currency risk subject to the REIT income qualification tests, we may not be able to do so successfully and may incur losses on these investments as a result of exchange rate fluctuations.
RISKS RELATED TO DEBT FINANCING
We may default on our derivative obligations if we default on the indebtedness underlying such obligations.
We have agreements with certain derivative counterparties that contain provisions, subject to certain thresholds, whereby if we default on certain indebtedness, including (in certain cases) default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then we could be declared in default on certain derivative obligations. If we are declared in default under the terms of a derivative contract, the counterparty may have the right to terminate certain outstanding derivative transactions between us and that counterparty and settle them based on their net market value or replacement cost at that time. As of December 31, 2016, the fair value of our derivatives, which included accrued interest but excluded any credit valuation adjustments related to these agreements, was an asset of approximately $14.1 million, which also represents an approximation of the termination costs, excluding transaction costs or credit charges, that we could have reasonably expected to incur in order to settle our obligations under these contracts had we been in default as of such date.
We intend to continue to incur mortgage indebtedness, corporate indebtedness and other borrowings, which may increase our business risks, and could hinder our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
We intend to continue to finance a portion of the purchase price of our investments by borrowing funds. Under our charter, we have a limitation on borrowing which precludes us from borrowing in excess of 300% of the value of our net assets, provided that we may exceed this limit if a higher level of borrowing is approved by a majority of our independent directors. Net assets for purposes of this calculation are defined to be our total assets (other than intangibles), valued at cost prior to deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves, less total liabilities.
Generally speaking, the preceding limitation provides for borrowings of up to 75% of the aggregate cost of our real estate assets before non-cash reserves and depreciation. In addition, we may incur mortgage debt and pledge some or all of our properties or other assets as security for that debt to obtain funds to acquire additional property, debt or other investments. We may also borrow funds to make distributions, to redeem securities, to satisfy the REIT distribution requirements or for any working capital purposes. Furthermore, we may borrow if we otherwise deem it necessary or advisable to ensure that we maintain our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
High debt levels will cause us to incur higher interest charges, which would result in higher debt service payments and could be accompanied by restrictive covenants. If there is a shortfall between the cash flow from a property and the cash flow needed to service mortgage debt on that property, then the amount available for distributions to stockholders may be reduced. In addition, incurring mortgage debt increases the risk of loss since defaults on indebtedness secured by a property may result in lenders initiating foreclosure actions. In that case, we could lose the property securing the loan that is in default, thus reducing the value of our stockholders’ investment. For tax purposes, a foreclosure on any of our properties will be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of
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the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we will recognize taxable income on foreclosure, but we would not receive any cash proceeds. We may give full or partial guarantees to lenders. When we give a guaranty on behalf of an entity that owns one of our properties, we will be responsible to the lender for satisfaction of the debt if it is not paid by such entity. If any mortgage contains cross collateralization or cross default provisions, a default on a single property could affect multiple properties. If any of our properties are foreclosed upon due to a default, our ability to pay cash distributions to our stockholders could be adversely affected.
We may not be able to obtain debt financing necessary to run our business.
We do not anticipate that we will maintain any permanent working capital reserves. Accordingly, we expect to need to borrow capital for acquisitions, the improvement of our properties, and for other purposes. Under current or future market conditions, we may not be able to borrow all of the funds we may need. If we cannot obtain debt or equity financing on acceptable terms, our ability to acquire new investments to expand our operations will be adversely affected. As a result, we would be less able to achieve our investment objectives, which may negatively impact our results of operations and reduce our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Increases in interest rates and/or unfavorable changes in other financing terms may make it more difficult for us to finance or refinance properties, which could reduce the number of properties we can acquire and the amount of cash distributions we can make to our stockholders.
If mortgage debt is unavailable on reasonable terms as a result of increased interest rates, increased credit spreads, decreased liquidity or other factors, we may not be able to finance the initial purchase of properties. In addition, when we incur debt, we run the risk of being unable to refinance such debt when the loans come due, or of being unable to refinance on favorable terms. If interest rates are higher or other financing terms, such as principal amortization, are not as favorable when we refinance debt, our income could be reduced. We may be unable to refinance debt at appropriate times, which may require us to sell properties on terms that are not advantageous to us, or, with respect to mortgage debt, could result in the foreclosure of such properties. If any of these events occur, our cash flow would be reduced. This, in turn, would reduce cash available for distribution to our stockholders and may hinder our ability to raise more capital by issuing securities or by borrowing more money.
Increases in interest rates could increase the amount of our debt payments and therefore negatively impact our operating results.
Our debt may be subject to the fluctuation of market interest rates such as the London Interbank Offered Rate, or “LIBOR”, Prime rate, and other benchmark rates. Should such interest rates continue to increase, our debt payments may also increase, reducing cash available for distributions. Furthermore, if we need to repay existing debt during periods of rising interest rates, we could be required to liquidate one or more of our investments at times which may not permit realization of the maximum return on such investments. Additionally, as it relates to any real estate assets that we may own, an increase in interest rates may negatively impact activity in the consumer market and reduce consumer purchases, which could adversely affect us.
Lenders may require us to enter into restrictive covenants that relate to or otherwise limit our operations, which could limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, to replace the Advisor or to otherwise achieve our investment objectives.
When providing financing, a lender may impose restrictions on us that affect our distribution and operating policies and our ability to incur additional debt. Loan documents we enter into may contain covenants that limit our ability to further mortgage property, discontinue insurance coverage, or make distributions under certain circumstances. In addition, provisions of our loan documents may deter us from replacing the Advisor because of the consequences under such agreements and may limit our ability to replace the property manager or terminate
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certain operating or lease agreements related to the property. These or other limitations may adversely affect our flexibility and our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
We may enter into financing arrangements that require us to use and pledge offering proceeds to secure and repay such borrowings, and such arrangements may adversely affect our ability to make investments and operate our business.
We may enter into financing arrangements that require us to use and pledge future proceeds from the Offering or future offerings, if any, to secure and repay such borrowings. Such arrangements may cause us to have less proceeds available to make investments or otherwise operate our business, which may adversely affect our flexibility and our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
We may enter into financing arrangements involving balloon payment obligations, which may adversely affect our ability to refinance or sell properties on favorable terms, and to make distributions to our stockholders.
Some of our financing arrangements may require us to make a lump-sum or “balloon” payment at maturity. Our ability to make a balloon payment at maturity will be uncertain and may depend upon our ability to obtain additional financing or our ability to sell the particular property. At the time the balloon payment is due, we may or may not be able to refinance the balloon payment on terms as favorable as the original loan or sell the particular property at a price sufficient to make the balloon payment. The effect of a refinancing or sale could affect the rate of return to our stockholders and the projected time of disposition of our assets. In an environment of increasing mortgage rates, if we place mortgage debt on properties, we run the risk of being unable to refinance such debt if mortgage rates are higher at a time a balloon payment is due. In addition, payments of principal and interest made to service our debts, including balloon payments, may leave us with insufficient cash to pay the distributions that we are required to pay to maintain our qualification as a REIT.
The derivative instruments that we may use to hedge against interest rate fluctuations may not be successful in mitigating our risks associated with interest rates and could reduce the overall returns on our stockholders’ investment.
We may use derivative instruments to hedge exposure to changes in interest rates on certain of our variable rate loans, but no hedging strategy can protect us completely. We cannot assure our stockholders that our hedging strategy and the derivatives that we use will adequately offset the risk of interest rate volatility or that our hedging of these transactions will not result in losses. Any settlement charges incurred to terminate unused derivative instruments may result in increased interest expense, which may reduce the overall return on our investments. These instruments may also generate income that may not be treated as qualifying REIT income for purposes of the 75% or 95% REIT income tests.
RISKS RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN DEBT
The mortgage loans in which we may invest will be subject to delinquency, foreclosure and loss, which could result in losses to us.
Commercial mortgage loans are secured by commercial property and are subject to risks of delinquency and foreclosure and risks of loss. The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by a property typically is dependent primarily upon the successful operation of such property rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the borrower. If the net operating income of the property is reduced, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Net operating income of an income producing property can be affected by, among other things: customer mix, success of customer businesses, property management decisions, property location and condition, competition from comparable types of properties, changes in laws that increase operating expenses or limit rents that may be charged, any need to address environmental contamination at the property, the occurrence of any uninsured casualty at the property, changes in national, regional or local economic
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conditions and/or specific industry segments, current and potential future capital markets uncertainty, declines in regional or local real estate values, declines in regional or local rental or occupancy rates, increases in interest rates, real estate tax rates and other operating expenses, changes in governmental rules, regulations and fiscal policies, including environmental legislation, acts of God, terrorism, social unrest and civil disturbances.
In the event of any default under a mortgage loan held directly by us, we will bear a risk of loss of principal to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the collateral and the principal and accrued interest of the mortgage loan, which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows from operating activities and limit amounts available for distribution to our stockholders. If current market conditions deteriorate, it is possible that a loan which was adequately secured when it was acquired or originated will not remain adequately collateralized. In the event of the bankruptcy of a mortgage loan borrower, the mortgage loan to such borrower will be deemed to be secured only to the extent of the value of the underlying collateral at the time of bankruptcy (as determined by the bankruptcy court), and the lien securing the mortgage loan will be subject to the avoidance powers of the bankruptcy trustee or debtor-in-possession to the extent the lien is unenforceable under state law. Foreclosure of a mortgage loan can be an expensive and lengthy process due to, among other things, state statutes and rules governing foreclosure actions and defenses and counterclaims that may be raised by defaulting parties, and therefore such process could have a substantial negative effect on our anticipated return on the foreclosed mortgage loan. In addition, to the extent we foreclose on a particular property, we could become, as owner of the property, subject to liabilities associated with such property, including liabilities related to taxes and environmental matters.
The mezzanine loans, B-notes, and other junior financings in which we may invest would involve greater risks of loss than senior loans secured by income-producing properties.
We may invest in mezzanine loans, B-notes, and other junior financings that substantially take the form of subordinated loans secured by second mortgages on the underlying property or loans secured by a pledge of the ownership interests of either the entity owning the property or the entity that owns the interest in the entity owning the property. These types of investments involve a higher degree of risk than senior mortgage lending secured by income producing property because the investment may become unsecured as a result of foreclosure by the senior lender. In the event of a bankruptcy of the entity providing the pledge of its ownership interests as security, we may not have full recourse to the assets of such entity, or the assets of the entity may not be sufficient to satisfy our mezzanine loan. If a borrower defaults on our mezzanine loan or debt senior to our loan, or in the event of a mortgage loan borrower bankruptcy, our mezzanine loan will be satisfied only after the senior debt. As a result, we may not recover some or all of our investment. If the borrower defaults on any debt senior to our loan, we may have the right, under certain circumstances, to cure the default by paying off this senior debt; however, we may not have sufficient cash to do so, or we may choose not to pay off such senior debt in order to avoid additional investment exposure to the asset, potentially resulting in the loss of some or all of our investment. If we cure the default by paying off the senior debt and ultimately foreclose on the property, we could become subject to liabilities associated with the property, including liabilities relating to taxes and environmental matters. In addition, mezzanine loans typically have higher overall loan-to-value ratios than conventional mortgage loans, resulting in less equity in the property and increasing the risk of loss of principal.
The B-notes in which we may invest may be subject to additional risks relating to the privately negotiated structure and terms of the transaction, which may result in losses to us.
We may invest in B-notes. A B-note is a mortgage loan typically (i) secured by a first mortgage on a single large commercial property or group of related properties and (ii) subordinated to an A-note secured by the same first mortgage on the same collateral. As a result, if a borrower defaults, there may not be sufficient funds remaining for B-note holders after payment to the A-note holders. Since each transaction is privately negotiated, B-notes can vary in their structural characteristics and risks. For example, the rights of holders of B-notes to control the process following a borrower default may be limited in certain B-note investments, particularly in situations where the A-note holders have the right to trigger an appraisal process pursuant to which control would shift
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from the holder of the B-note when it is determined, for instance, that a significant portion of the B-note is unlikely to be recovered. We cannot predict the terms of each B-note investment. Further, B-notes typically are secured by a single property, and, as a result, reflect the increased risks associated with a single property compared to a pool of properties. Our ownership of a B-note with controlling class rights may, in the event the financing fails to perform according to its terms, cause us to elect to pursue our remedies as owner of the B-note, which may include foreclosure on, or modification of, the note or the need to acquire or payoff the A-note. Acquiring or paying off the A-note could require a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash to be able to do so.
Bridge loans may involve a greater risk of loss than conventional mortgage loans.
We may provide bridge loans secured by first lien mortgages on properties to borrowers who are typically seeking short-term capital to be used in an acquisition, development or refinancing of real estate. The borrower may have identified an undervalued asset that has been undermanaged or is located in a recovering market. If the market in which the asset is located fails to recover according to the borrower’s projections, or if the borrower fails to improve the quality of the asset’s management or the value of the asset, the borrower may not receive a sufficient return on the asset to satisfy the bridge loan, and we may not recover some or all of our investment.
In addition, owners usually borrow funds under a conventional mortgage loan to repay a bridge loan. We may, therefore, be dependent on a borrower’s ability to obtain permanent financing to repay our bridge loan, which could depend on market conditions and other factors. Bridge loans, like other loans secured directly or indirectly by property, are subject to risks of borrower defaults, bankruptcies, fraud, losses and special hazard losses that are not covered by standard hazard insurance. In the event of any default under bridge loans held by us, we bear the risk of loss of principal and nonpayment of interest and fees to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the mortgage collateral and the principal amount of the bridge loan. Any such losses with respect to our investments in bridge loans could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Investment in non-conforming and non-investment grade loans may involve increased risk of loss.
Loans we may acquire or originate may not conform to conventional loan criteria applied by traditional lenders and may not be rated or may be rated as non-investment grade. Non-investment grade ratings for these loans typically result from the overall leverage of the loans, the lack of a strong operating history for the properties underlying the loans, the borrowers’ credit history, the properties’ underlying cash flow or other factors. As a result, loans we acquire or originate may have a higher risk of default and loss than conventional loans. Any loss we incur may reduce distributions to stockholders and adversely affect our value.
Risks of cost overruns and non-completion of the construction or renovation of the properties underlying loans we make or acquire may materially adversely affect our investment.
The renovation, refurbishment or expansion by a borrower of a mortgaged or leveraged property involves risks of cost overruns and non-completion. Costs of construction or improvements to bring a property up to standards established for the market intended for that property may exceed original estimates, possibly making a project uneconomical. Other risks may include: environmental risks, permitting risks, other construction risks and subsequent leasing of the property not being completed on schedule or at projected rental rates. If such construction or renovation is not completed in a timely manner, or if it costs more than expected, the borrower may experience a prolonged impairment of net operating income and may not be able to make payments of interest or principal to us.
Interest rate fluctuations and changes in prepayment rates could cause the value of our debt investments to decrease or could reduce our ability to generate income from such investments.
Interest rate risk is the risk that debt investments will decline in value because of changes in market interest rates. Generally, when market interest rates rise, the market value of such investments will decline, and vice versa.
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Accordingly, the yield on our debt investments may be sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates and corresponding changes in prepayment rates. Therefore, changes in interest rates may affect our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income we earn on our interest-earning investments and the interest expense we incur in financing these investments. Interest rate fluctuations could also cause a borrower to prepay a mortgage loan more quickly than we expect, which could lead to our expected return on the investment being adversely affected.
Our debt investments may be considered illiquid and we may not be able to adjust our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions.
The debt investments we may make in connection with privately negotiated transactions may not be registered under the relevant securities laws, resulting in a prohibition against their transfer, sale, pledge or other disposition except in a transaction that is exempt from the registration requirements of, or is otherwise registered in accordance with, those laws. As a result, our ability to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions may be relatively limited. The mezzanine, B-note and bridge loans we may originate or purchase in the future may be particularly illiquid investments due to their short life, their unsuitability for securitization and the greater difficulty of recovery in the event of a borrower’s default.
Delays in liquidating defaulted loans could reduce our investment returns.
If there are defaults under mortgage or other types of loans that we make, we may not be able to repossess and sell the underlying properties or equity collateral quickly. The resulting time delay could reduce the value of our investment in the defaulted loans. An action to foreclose on a property securing a loan is regulated by state statutes and regulations and is subject to many of the delays and expenses of other lawsuits if the defendant raises defenses or counterclaims. In the event of default by a mortgagor or other borrower, these restrictions, among other things, may impede our ability to foreclose on or sell the mortgaged property or other equity collateral or to obtain proceeds sufficient to repay all amounts due to us on the mortgage or other type of loan.
We may make investments in non-U.S. dollar denominated debt, which will be subject to currency rate exposure and risks associated with the uncertainty of foreign laws and markets.
If we invest in debt related investments, some may be denominated in foreign currencies and, therefore, we could have currency risk exposure to any such foreign currencies. A change in foreign currency exchange rates may have an adverse impact on returns on our non-U.S. dollar denominated investments. Although we may hedge our foreign currency risk subject to the REIT income qualification tests, we may not be able to do so successfully and may incur losses on these investments as a result of exchange rate fluctuations. To the extent that we invest in non-U.S. dollar denominated debt investments, in addition to risks inherent in debt investments as generally discussed herein, we will also be subject to risks associated with the uncertainty of foreign laws and markets including, but not limited to, unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, political and economic instability in certain geographic locations, difficulties in managing international operations, currency exchange controls, potentially adverse tax consequences, additional accounting and control expenses and the administrative burden of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws.
We will depend on debtors for our revenue, and, accordingly, our revenue and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders will be dependent upon the success and economic viability of such debtors.
The success of our real estate-related investments will materially depend on the financial stability of the debtors underlying such investments. The inability of a single major debtor or a number of smaller debtors to meet their payment obligations could result in reduced revenue or losses. In the event of a debtor default or bankruptcy, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as a creditor, and such rights may be subordinated to the rights of other creditors. These events could negatively affect the cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
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We may invest in real estate-related preferred equity securities, which may involve a greater risk of loss than traditional debt financing.
We may invest in real estate-related preferred equity securities, which are currently volatile and which securities may involve a higher degree of risk than traditional debt financing due to a variety of factors, including that such investments are subordinate to traditional loans and are not secured. Furthermore, should the issuer default on our investment, we would only be able to proceed against the entity in which we have an interest, and not the property owned by such entity and underlying our investment. As a result, we may not recover some or all of our investment. Since there may be a number of debt obligations that have priority over our preferred stock investment, any determination by us to cure defaults could be costly and we may not have the cash to be able to do so. If we become the equity owner of the issuer, we would be responsible for other liabilities of the issuer, including liabilities relating to taxes and environmental matters.
RISKS RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN REAL ESTATE-RELATED ENTITIES
Investments in securities of real estate-related entities will be subject to specific risks relating to the particular issuer of the securities and may be subject to the general risks of investing in subordinated securities of real estate-related entities.
We may invest in debt or equity securities of both publicly traded and private real estate-related entities (including preferred equity securities having some of the same characteristics as debt). Our investments in such securities will involve special risks relating to the particular issuer of the securities, including the financial condition and business outlook of the issuer. Issuers of such securities generally invest in real estate or real estate-related assets and are subject to the inherent risks associated with real estate-related investments discussed herein.
Equity securities of real estate-related entities are typically unsecured and subordinated to other obligations of the issuer. Investments in such equity securities are subject to risks of: limited liquidity in the secondary trading market in the case of unlisted or thinly traded securities; substantial market price volatility in the case of traded equity securities; subordination to the debt and other liabilities of the issuer, in situations in which we buy equity securities; the possibility that earnings of the issuer may be insufficient to meet its debt service and other obligations and, therefore, to make payments to us on any debt securities we may purchase or to make distributions to us on any equity securities we may purchase; and the declining creditworthiness and potential for insolvency of the issuer during periods of rising interest rates and economic downturn. These risks may adversely affect the value of outstanding equity securities and the ability of the issuers thereof to repay principal and interest or make distribution payments.
RISKS RELATED TO THE ADVISOR AND ITS AFFILIATES
The Advisor’s management personnel, other employees and affiliates face conflicts of interest relating to time management and, accordingly, the Advisor’s management personnel, other employees and affiliates may not be able to devote adequate time to our business activities and the Advisor may not be able to hire adequate additional employees.
All of the Advisor’s management personnel, other personnel, affiliates and related parties may also provide services to other Sponsor affiliated entities and related parties, including, but not limited to, ILT, DPF and the Liquidating Trust. We are not able to estimate the amount of time that such management personnel, other personnel, affiliates and related parties will devote to our business. As a result, the Advisor’s management personnel, other personnel, affiliates and related parties may have conflicts of interest in allocating their time between our business and their other activities, which may include advising and managing various other real estate programs and ventures, which may be numerous and may change as programs are closed or new programs are formed. During times of significant activity in other programs and ventures, the time they devote to our
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business may decline. Accordingly, there is a risk that the Advisor’s affiliates and related parties may not devote adequate time to our business activities and the Advisor may not be able to hire adequate additional personnel.
The Advisor and its affiliates and related parties, including our officers and some of our directors, face conflicts of interest caused by compensation arrangements with us, other Sponsor affiliated entities and related parties and joint venture partners or co-owners, which could result in actions that are not in our stockholders’ best interests.
The Advisor and its affiliates and related parties receive substantial fees from us in return for their services and these fees could influence the Advisor’s advice to us. Among other matters, the compensation arrangements could affect their judgment with respect to:
| | • | | Public offerings of equity by us, which allow the Dealer Manager to earn additional dealer manager fees and the Advisor to earn increased acquisition fees and asset management fees; |
| | • | | Property dispositions, which allow the Advisor to earn additional asset management fees and distributions from sales; |
| | • | | Property acquisitions from third parties or Sponsor affiliated entities or related parties, which may allow the Advisor or its affiliates or related parties to earn additional acquisition, asset management and other fees; |
| | • | | Investment opportunities, which may result in more compensation to Sponsor affiliated entities or related parties if allocated to other programs or business ventures instead of us; and |
| | • | | Various liquidity events. |
Further, the Advisor may recommend that we invest in a particular asset or pay a higher purchase price for the asset than it would otherwise recommend if it did not receive an acquisition fee. Similarly, the Advisor has incentives to recommend that we purchase properties using debt financing since the acquisition fees and asset management fees that we pay to the Advisor could increase if we raise the level of debt financing in connection with the acquisition of certain properties. Certain potential acquisition fees and asset management fees paid to the Advisor and management and leasing fees paid to Dividend Capital Property Management LLC (the “Property Manager”) would be paid irrespective of the quality of the underlying real estate or property management services during the term of the related agreement. As a component of the asset management fee, the Advisor is also entitled to a fee equal to a percentage of the total consideration paid in connection with a disposition. This fee may incentivize the Advisor to recommend the disposition of a property or properties through a sale, merger, or other transaction that may not be in our best interests at the time. In addition, the premature disposition of an asset may add concentration risk to the portfolio or may be at a price lower than if we held the property. Moreover, the Advisor has considerable discretion with respect to the terms and timing of acquisition, disposition and leasing transactions. The Dealer Manager is paid an annual distribution fee with respect to Class T shares until the earliest to occur of several events, including; (i) a listing of shares of our common stock on a national securities exchange; and (ii) such Class T shares no longer being outstanding, which could incentivize the Advisor not to recommend a sale, merger or other liquidity event until the Dealer Manager has been paid all distribution fees, because the completion of such transactions would cause the Dealer Manager to no longer be paid such fees. The Advisor or its affiliates or related parties may receive various fees for providing services to any joint venture in which we invest, including but not limited to an asset management fee, with respect to the proportionate interest in the properties held by our joint venture partners or co-owners of our properties. In evaluating investments and other management strategies, the opportunity to earn these fees may lead the Advisor to place undue emphasis on criteria relating to its compensation at the expense of other criteria, such as preservation of capital, in order to achieve higher short-term compensation. Considerations relating to compensation from us to the Advisor and its affiliates or related parties, other Sponsor affiliated entities and related parties and other business ventures could result in decisions that are not in our stockholders’ best interests, which could hurt our ability to pay them distributions or result in a decline in the value of their
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investment. Conflicts of interest such as those described above have contributed to stockholder litigation against certain other externally managed REITs that are not affiliated with us.
The time and resources that Sponsor affiliated entities and related parties devote to us may be diverted and we may face additional competition due to the fact that Sponsor affiliated entities and related parties are not prohibited from raising money for another entity that makes the same types of investments that we target.
Sponsor affiliated entities and related parties are not prohibited from raising money for another investment entity that makes the same types of investments as those we target. As a result, the time and resources they could devote to us may be diverted. For example, the Dealer Manager is currently involved in separate public offerings for two other entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor. In addition, we may compete with other entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor, including, but not limited to, ILT and DPF, for the same investors and investment opportunities.
We may co-invest or joint venture an investment with a Sponsor affiliated entity or related party.
We may also co-invest or joint venture with other Sponsor affiliated entities and related parties. Even though all such co-investments will be subject to approval by a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, they could be on terms not as favorable to us as those we could achieve co-investing with a third party. In addition, we may share control with or cede control of the venture to the Sponsor affiliated entity or related party and decisions could be made that are not in our best interests.
We may enter into transactions with the Advisor or affiliates or other related entities of the Advisor; as a result, in any such transaction, we may not have the benefit of arm’s length negotiations of the type normally conducted between unrelated parties and we may incur additional expenses.
We may enter into transactions with the Advisor or with affiliates or other related entities of the Advisor. For example, we may purchase assets from affiliates or other related entities of the Advisor that they currently own or hereafter acquire from third parties. The Advisor may also cause us to enter into a joint venture with its affiliates or to dispose of an interest in a property to its affiliates. We may also purchase properties developed and completed by affiliates of the Advisor or provide loans for the development of properties being developed by affiliates of the Advisor. The Advisor and/or its management team could experience a conflict in representing our interests in these transactions. In any such transaction, we will not have the benefit of arm’s length negotiations of the type normally conducted between unrelated parties and may receive terms that are less beneficial to us than if such transactions were with a third party. In addition, our independent directors may request that independent legal counsel be provided to them on any matter in which they deem such counsel appropriate or necessary. If the independent directors request independent legal counsel, we will pay the cost of such counsel, which could reduce the cash available to us for other purposes, including paying distributions to our stockholders.
We depend on the Advisor and its key personnel; if any of such key personnel were to cease employment with the Advisor or its affiliates, our business could suffer.
Our ability to make distributions and achieve our investment objectives is dependent upon the performance of the Advisor in the acquisition, disposition and management of our investments, the selection of customers for our properties, the determination of any financing arrangements and other factors. In addition, our success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of certain of the Advisor’s key personnel, including, in alphabetical order, John A. Blumberg, David M. Fazekas, Andrea L. Karp, Thomas G. McGonagle, Dwight L. Merriman III, Lainie P. Minnick, James R. Mulvihill, Scott W. Recknor, Gary M. Reiff, Peter M. Vanderburg, J.R. Wetzel, Joshua J. Widoff, Brian C. Wilkinson and Evan H. Zucker, each of whom would be difficult to replace. We currently do not have, nor do we expect to obtain, key man life insurance on any of the Advisor’s key personnel. If the Advisor were to lose the benefit of the experience, efforts and abilities of one or more of
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these individuals through their resignation, retirement, or due to an internalization transaction effected by another investment program sponsored by the Sponsor or its affiliates, or due to such individual or individuals becoming otherwise unavailable because of other activities on behalf of the Sponsor or its affiliates, our operating results could suffer.
The fees we pay to the Advisor and its affiliates and related parties in connection with our public offerings and the operation of our business and the acquisition, management and disposition of our investments were not determined on an arm’s length basis and therefore we do not have the benefit of arm’s length negotiations of the type normally conducted between unrelated parties.
Substantial fees will be paid to the Advisor, the Dealer Manager and other affiliates and related parties of the Advisor for services they provide to us in connection with our public offerings and the operation of our business and the acquisition, management and disposition of our investments. None of these arrangements were determined on an arm’s length basis. As a result, the fees have been determined without the benefit of arm’s length negotiations of the type normally conducted between unrelated parties.
We will compete with entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor, for whom affiliates of the Sponsor provide certain advisory or management services, for opportunities to acquire or sell investments, and for customers, which may have an adverse impact on our operations.
We will compete with entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor, whether existing or created in the future, as well as entities for whom affiliates of the Sponsor provide certain advisory or management services, for opportunities to acquire, finance or sell certain types of properties. We may also buy, finance or sell properties at the same time as these entities are buying, financing or selling properties. In this regard, there is a risk that we will purchase a property that provides lower returns to us than a property purchased by entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor and entities for whom affiliates of the Sponsor provide certain advisory or management services. Certain entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor own and/or manage properties in geographical areas in which we expect to own properties. Therefore, our properties may compete for customers with other properties owned and/or managed by these entities. The Advisor may face conflicts of interest when evaluating customer leasing opportunities for our properties and other properties owned and/or managed by these entities and these conflicts of interest may have a negative impact on our ability to attract and retain customers.
The Sponsor and the Advisor have implemented lease allocation guidelines to assist with the process of the allocation of leases when we and certain other entities to which affiliates of the Advisor are providing certain advisory services have potentially competing properties with respect to a particular customer. Pursuant to the lease allocation guidelines, if we have an opportunity to bid on a lease with a prospective customer and one or more of these other entities has a potentially competing property, then, under certain circumstances, we may not be permitted to bid on the opportunity and in other circumstances, we and the other entities will be permitted to participate in the bidding process. The lease allocation guidelines are overseen by a joint management committee consisting of our management committee and certain other management representations associated with other entities to which affiliates of the Advisor are providing similar services.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Sponsor and the Advisor have agreed, subject to any future changes approved by the Conflicts Resolution Committee, that if an investment is equally suitable for ILT and us: (i) until such time as all of the proceeds from our public offerings have been substantially invested, or the “Core Trigger,” and except as noted below, we will have priority over ILT with respect to (A) industrial properties (including all new stabilized, value add, and forward commitment opportunities, collectively “Core Industrial Investment Opportunities”) located in the U.S. or Mexico; and (B) debt investments related to industrial properties located in the U.S. or Mexico; and (ii) until the later of the Core Trigger or the expiration of the investment period of our build-to-core fund (the “BTC Fund”) (the later of the foregoing, the “Development Trigger”), and other than development or re-development opportunities associated with ILT’s existing investments (e.g., development on excess land or expansion of an existing facility) which opportunities shall remain with ILT, we will have priority
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over ILT with respect to development of industrial properties (including all new speculative and build-to-suit opportunities, collectively, “Industrial Development Opportunities”) located in the U.S. or Mexico.
Affiliates of the Sponsor and the Advisor currently sponsor and in the future may advise other investment vehicles that seek to invest in industrial properties including ILT and DPF. Subject to the foregoing provisions regarding our priority relative to ILT, to the extent a potential investment meets the current investment strategy, including portfolio objectives, diversification goals, return requirements and investment timing, for us and any other funds or investment vehicles advised by affiliates of the Sponsor or the Advisor with capital available to invest (the “Applicable Vehicles”), including ILT and DPF, such investment shall be allocated among the Applicable Vehicles on a rotational basis that the Sponsor determines to be fair and reasonable to the Applicable Vehicles. Generally, the investment will be allocated to the Applicable Vehicle that has gone the longest without being allocated an industrial investment opportunity. Exceptions may be made to the general rotation policy for (x) transactions necessary to accommodate an exchange pursuant to Section 1031 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), (y) characteristics of a particular investment or Applicable Vehicle, such as adjacency to an existing asset, legal, regulatory or tax concerns or benefits, portfolio balancing or other Allocation Factors listed below, which make the investment more advantageous to one of the Applicable Vehicles, or (z) exclusivity, rotation or other priority (each, a “Special Priority”) granted to a particular fund now or in the future, such as the Special Priority described above that has been granted to us with respect to the BTC Fund (or a successor fund with similar investment objectives) or in order to reach certain minimum allocation levels with respect to an Applicable Vehicle. Our Special Priority with respect to the BTC Fund for all Industrial Development Opportunities is the only currently existing Special Priority; however, the Sponsor or its affiliates may grant additional Special Priorities for property types in the future and from time to time.
In determining whether an investment opportunity is suitable for us or another program, the Advisor shall examine, among others, the following factors as they relate to us and each other program, which we refer to as the “Allocation Factors”:
| | • | | Overall investment objectives, strategy and criteria, including product type and style of investing (for example, core, core plus, value-add and opportunistic); |
| | • | | The general real property sector or debt investment allocation targets of each program and any targeted geographic concentration; |
| | • | | The cash requirements of each program; |
| | • | | The strategic proximity of the investment opportunity to other assets; |
| | • | | The effect of the acquisition on diversification of investments, including by type of property, geographic area, customers, size and risk; |
| | • | | The policy of each program relating to leverage of investments; |
| | • | | The effect of the acquisition on loan maturity profile; |
| | • | | The effect on lease expiration profile; |
| | • | | Customer concentration; |
| | • | | The effect of the acquisition on ability to comply with any restrictions on investments and indebtedness contained in applicable governing documents, SEC filings, contracts or applicable law or regulation; |
| | • | | The effect of the acquisition on the applicable entity’s intention not to be subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Investment Company Act”); |
| | • | | Legal considerations, such as Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”) and Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act (“FIRPTA”), that may be applicable to specific investment platforms; |
| | • | | The financial attributes of the investment; |
| | • | | Availability of financing; |
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| | • | | Ability to service any debt associated with the investment; |
| | • | | Targeted distribution rates; |
| | • | | Anticipated future pipeline of suitable investments; |
| | • | | Expected holding period of the investment and the applicable entity’s remaining term; |
| | • | | Whether the applicable entity still is in its fundraising and acquisition stage, or has substantially invested the proceeds from its fundraising stage; |
| | • | | Whether the applicable entity was formed for the purpose of making a particular type of investment; |
| | • | | Affiliate and/or related party considerations; |
| | • | | The anticipated cash flow of the applicable entity and the asset; |
| | • | | Tax effects of the acquisition, including on REIT or partnership qualifications; |
| | • | | The size of the investment; and |
| | • | | The amount of funds available to each program and the length of time such funds have been available for investment. |
The Sponsor may modify its overall allocation policies from time to time. Any changes to the Sponsor’s allocation policies will be timely reported to our Conflicts Resolution Committee. The Advisor will be required to provide information to our board of directors on a quarterly basis to enable our board of directors, including the independent directors, to determine whether such policies are being fairly applied.
On November 4, 2015, Industrial Income Trust Inc. (“IIT”) completed its merger with and into Western Logistics LLC and Western Logistics II LLC. Concurrently with the closing of the merger, IIT transferred 11 properties that are in the lease up stage or under development to the Liquidating Trust, the beneficial interests in which were distributed to then-current IIT stockholders. The Liquidating Trust intends to sell such excluded properties with the goal of maximizing the distributions to IIT’s former stockholders. An affiliate of the Advisor entered into a management services agreement with the Liquidating Trust to provide asset management, development and construction, and operating oversight services for each excluded property, to assist in the sale of the excluded properties and to provide administrative services to the Liquidating Trust and its subsidiaries. The management services agreement will continue in force throughout the duration of the existence of the Liquidating Trust and will terminate as of the date of termination of the Liquidating Trust. The affiliate of the Advisor will not provide advisory services with respect to acquisitions under the management services agreement, but because lease management services will be provided under the management services agreement, the Advisor may face a conflict of interest when evaluating customer leasing opportunities for our properties and properties owned by the Liquidating Trust, which could negatively impact our ability to attract and retain customers.
If we invest in joint venture or co-ownership arrangements with the Advisor or its affiliates, they may retain significant control over our investments even if our independent directors terminate the Advisor.
While a majority of our independent directors may terminate the Advisor upon 60 days’ written notice, our ability to remove co-general partners or advisors to any entities in which the Advisor or its affiliates serve in such capacities and in which we may serve as general partner or manager is limited. As a result, if we invest in such joint-venture or co-ownership arrangements; an affiliate of the Advisor may continue to maintain a substantial degree of control over our investments despite the termination of the Advisor.
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RISKS RELATED TO OUR TAXATION AS A REIT
Failure to qualify as a REIT could adversely affect our operations and our ability to make distributions.
We have operated and have elected to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2013, and we intend to continue to operate in accordance with the requirements for qualification as a REIT. Although we do not intend to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), as to our REIT status, we have received the opinion of our counsel, Greenberg Traurig, LLP, with respect to our qualification as a REIT. This opinion has been issued in connection with the Offering. Investors should be aware, however, that opinions of counsel are not binding on the IRS or on any court. The opinion of Greenberg Traurig, LLP represents only the view of our counsel based on our counsel’s review and analysis of existing law and on certain representations as to factual matters and covenants made by us, including representations relating to the values of our assets, the sources of our income, the amount of distributions that we pay, the composition of our stockholders, and various other matters relating to the requirements for qualification as a REIT. Greenberg Traurig, LLP has no obligation to advise us or the holders of our common stock of any subsequent change in the matters stated, represented or assumed in its opinion or of any subsequent change in applicable law. Furthermore, both the validity of the opinion of Greenberg Traurig LLP and our qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of numerous requirements (some on an annual and quarterly basis) established under highly technical and complex provisions of the Code, for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations, and involves the determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control. The complexity of these provisions and of the applicable income tax regulations that have been promulgated under the Code is greater in the case of a REIT that holds its assets through a partnership, as we do. Moreover, no assurance can be given that legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions will not change the tax laws with respect to qualification as a REIT or the U.S. federal income tax consequences of that qualification. We have not requested a ruling from the IRS as to our REIT status.
If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year, we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at corporate rates. In addition, we would generally be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we lose our REIT status. Losing our REIT status would reduce our net earnings available for investment or distribution to stockholders because of the additional tax liability. In addition, distributions to stockholders would no longer be deductible in computing our taxable income and we would no longer be required to make distributions. However, any distributions made would be subject to the favorable tax rate applied to “qualified dividend income.” To the extent that distributions had been made in anticipation of our qualifying as a REIT, we might be required to borrow funds or liquidate some investments in order to pay the applicable corporate income tax. In addition, although we believe we have operated in such a manner as to qualify as a REIT, it is possible that future economic, market, legal, tax or other considerations may cause our board of directors to determine that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to be qualified as a REIT and recommend that we revoke our REIT election.
We believe that the Operating Partnership will be treated for federal income tax purposes as a partnership and not as an association or as a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation. If the IRS successfully determines that the Operating Partnership should be treated as a corporation, the Operating Partnership would be required to pay U.S. federal income tax at corporate rates on its net income, its partners would be treated as stockholders of the Operating Partnership and distributions to partners would constitute distributions that would not be deductible in computing the Operating Partnership’s taxable income. In addition, if the Operating Partnership were not treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary, we could fail to qualify as a REIT, with the resulting consequences described above.
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To qualify as a REIT, we must meet annual distribution requirements, which may result in us distributing amounts that may otherwise be used for our operations.
To obtain the favorable tax treatment accorded to REITs, in addition to other qualification requirements, we normally will be required each year to distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which may not equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for distributions paid and by excluding net capital gains. We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our undistributed taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income and 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. These requirements could cause us to distribute amounts that otherwise would be invested in acquisitions of properties and it is possible that we might be required to borrow funds or sell assets to fund these distributions. It is possible that we might not always be able to continue to make distributions sufficient to meet the annual distribution requirements required to maintain our REIT status, avoid corporate tax on undistributed income and/or avoid the 4% excise tax. From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than our income for financial reporting purposes, or differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash may occur. If we do not have other funds available in these situations, we could be required to borrow funds on unfavorable terms, sell investments at disadvantageous prices or distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions to make distributions sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax in a particular year. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce our equity. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to grow, which could adversely affect our value.
Recharacterization of sale-leaseback transactions may cause us to lose our REIT status.
We may purchase properties and lease them back to the sellers of such properties. There can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge our characterization of any such sale-leaseback transaction as a ‘true lease.’ In the event that any such sale-leaseback transaction is challenged and successfully recharacterized as a financing or loan for U.S. federal income tax purposes, deductions for depreciation and cost recovery relating to such property would be disallowed. If a sale-leaseback transaction were so recharacterized, we might fail to satisfy the REIT qualification “asset tests,” the “income tests” or the “distribution requirements” and, consequently, lose our REIT status effective with the year of recharacterization. Alternatively, the amount of our REIT taxable income could be recalculated which might also cause us to fail to meet the distribution requirement for a taxable year in the event we cannot make a sufficient deficiency distribution.
Our stockholders may have current tax liability on distributions if they elect to reinvest in shares of our common stock.
Stockholders who elect to participate in the distribution reinvestment plan, and who are subject to U.S. federal income taxation laws, will incur a tax liability on an amount equal to the fair market value on the relevant distribution date of the shares of our common stock purchased with reinvested distributions, to the extent such distribution is properly treated as being paid out of “earnings and profits,” even though such stockholders have elected not to receive the distributions used to purchase those shares of common stock in cash. As a result, each of our stockholders that is not a tax-exempt entity may have to use funds from other sources to pay such tax liability on the value of the common stock received.
Distributions payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates that apply to other corporate distributions.
The maximum tax rate applicable to income from “qualified dividends” payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates is currently 20.0% plus a 3.8% “Medicare tax” surcharge. Distributions payable by REITs, however, generally continue to be taxed at the normal rate applicable to the individual recipient on
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ordinary income (rather than the 20.0% preferential rate), and are also subject to the 3.8% Medicare tax. Although this tax rate does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or distributions paid by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate distributions could cause investors who are individuals to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay distributions, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock.
In certain circumstances, we may be subject to federal and state income taxes as a REIT, which would reduce our cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
Even if we qualify and maintain our status as a REIT, we may be subject to U.S. federal income taxes or state taxes. For example, net income from a “prohibited transaction” will be subject to a 100% tax. We may not be able to make sufficient distributions to avoid excise taxes applicable to REITs. We may also decide to retain income we earn from the sale or other disposition of our properties and pay income tax directly on such income. In that event, our stockholders would be treated as if they had earned that income and paid the tax on it directly, would be eligible to receive a credit or refund of the taxes deemed paid on the income deemed earned, and shall increase the adjusted basis of its shares by the excess of such deemed income over the amount of taxes deemed paid. However, stockholders that are tax-exempt, such as charities or qualified pension plans, would have no benefit from their deemed payment of such tax liability. We may also be subject to state and local taxes on our income or property, either directly or at the level of the companies through which we indirectly own our assets. Any U.S. federal or state taxes we pay will reduce our cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
Distributions to tax-exempt investors may be classified as unrelated business taxable income.
Neither ordinary nor capital gain distributions with respect to our common stock, or gain from the sale of common stock should generally constitute unrelated business taxable income to a tax-exempt investor. However, there are certain exceptions to this rule. In particular:
| | • | | Part of the income and gain recognized by certain qualified employee pension trusts with respect to our common stock may be treated as unrelated business taxable income if shares of our common stock are predominately held by qualified employee pension trusts, and we are required to rely on a special look-through rule for purposes of meeting one of the REIT share ownership tests, and we are not operated in a manner to avoid treatment of such income or gain as unrelated business taxable income; |
| | • | | Part of the income and gain recognized by a tax-exempt investor with respect to our common stock would constitute unrelated business taxable income if the investor incurs debt in order to acquire the common stock; and |
| | • | | Part or all of the income or gain recognized with respect to our common stock by social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts and qualified group legal services plans which are exempt from federal income taxation under Sections 501(c)(7), (9), (17), or (20) of the Code may be treated as unrelated business taxable income. |
Investments in other REITs and real estate partnerships could subject us to the tax risks associated with the tax status of such entities.
We may invest in the securities of other REITs and real estate partnerships. Such investments are subject to the risk that any such REIT or partnership may fail to satisfy the requirements to qualify as a REIT or a partnership, as the case may be, in any given taxable year. In the case of a REIT, such failure would subject such entity to taxation as a corporation, may require such REIT to incur indebtedness to pay its tax liabilities, may reduce its ability to make distributions to us, and may render it ineligible to elect REIT status prior to the fifth taxable year following the year in which it fails to so qualify. In the case of a partnership, such failure could subject such partnership to an entity level tax and reduce the entity’s ability to make distributions to us. In addition, such failures could, depending on the circumstances, jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT.
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Complying with the REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities.
To qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of shares of our common stock. We may be required to forego attractive investments. We also may be required to make distributions to stockholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits.
Complying with the REIT requirements may force us to liquidate otherwise attractive investments.
To qualify as a REIT, we must ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified REIT real estate assets. The remainder of our investments (other than governmental securities and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 25% (20% after December 31, 2017) of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct such failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter to avoid losing our REIT status and suffering adverse tax consequences, or generally, must have “reasonable cause” for the failure and pay a penalty, in addition to satisfying such requirements. As a result, we may be required to liquidate otherwise attractive investments.
The stock ownership limit imposed by the Code for REITs and our charter may restrict our business combination opportunities.
To qualify as a REIT under the Code, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) at any time during the last half of each taxable year after our first year in which we qualify as a REIT. Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our board of directors to take the actions that are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. Unless an exemption is granted by our board of directors, no person (as defined to include entities) may own more than 9.8% in value of our capital stock or more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our common stock. In addition, our charter generally prohibits beneficial or constructive ownership of shares of our capital stock by any person that owns, actually or constructively, an interest in any of our lessees that would cause us to own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of any of our lessees. Our board of directors may grant an exemption, prospectively or retroactively, in its sole discretion, subject to such conditions, representations and undertakings as it may determine. These ownership limitations in our charter are common in REIT charters and are intended, among other purposes, to assist us in complying with the tax law requirements and to minimize administrative burdens. However, these ownership limits might also delay or prevent a transaction or a change in our control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.
The failure of a mezzanine loan to qualify as a real estate asset could adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT.
The IRS has issued Revenue Procedure 2003-65, which provides a safe harbor pursuant to which a mezzanine loan that is secured by interests in a pass-through entity will be treated by the IRS as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT 75% asset test, and interest derived from such loan will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the REIT 75% income test. Although the Revenue Procedure provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers may rely, it does not prescribe rules of substantive tax law. We may make investments in loans secured by interests in pass-through entities in a manner that complies with the various requirements applicable
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to our qualification as a REIT. To the extent, however, that any such loans do not satisfy all of the requirements for reliance on the safe harbor set forth in the Revenue Procedure, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge the tax treatment of such loans, which could jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT.
Liquidation of assets may jeopardize our REIT status.
To qualify as a REIT, we must comply with requirements regarding our assets and our sources of income. If we are compelled to liquidate our investments to satisfy our obligations to our lenders, we may be unable to comply with these requirements, ultimately jeopardizing our status as a REIT, or we may be subject to a 100% tax on any resultant gain if we sell assets that are treated as dealer property or inventory.
Legislative or regulatory action could adversely affect us or our stockholders.
In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial and administrative changes have been made to the U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to investments in REITs and similar entities. Additional changes to tax laws are likely to continue to occur in the future and may take effect retroactively, and there can be no assurance that any such changes will not adversely affect how we are taxed or the taxation of our stockholders. There is a substantial lack of clarity around the likelihood, timing and details of any such tax reform. Any such changes could have an adverse effect on an investment in shares of our common stock. We urge our stockholders to consult with their own tax advisor with respect to the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in shares of our common stock.
Foreign investors may be subject to FIRPTA on the sale of common stock if we are unable to qualify as a domestically controlled REIT.
A foreign person (other than a “qualified foreign pension plan”) disposing of a U.S. real property interest, including shares of a U.S. corporation whose assets consist principally of U.S. real property interests, is generally subject to a tax under FIRPTA, on the gain recognized on the disposition. FIRPTA does not apply, however, to the disposition of stock in a REIT if the REIT is a “domestically controlled REIT.” A domestically controlled REIT is a REIT in which, at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of its shares is held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. holders. There can be no assurance that we will qualify as a domestically controlled REIT. If we were to fail to so qualify, gain realized by a foreign investor (other than a “qualified foreign pension plan”) on a sale of our common stock would be subject to FIRPTA unless our common stock was traded on an established securities market and the foreign investor did not at any time during a specified testing period directly or indirectly own more than 10.0% of the value of our outstanding common stock. We are not currently traded on an established securities market.
We may enter into certain hedging transactions which may have a potential impact on our REIT status.
From time to time, we may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging activities may include entering into interest rate and/or foreign currency swaps, caps, and floors, options to purchase these items, and futures and forward contracts. Income and gain from “hedging transactions” that we enter into to hedge indebtedness incurred or to be incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets and that are clearly and timely identified as such will be excluded from both the numerator and the denominator for purposes of the gross income and asset tests that apply to REITs. Moreover, any income from a transaction entered into primarily to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income that would be qualifying REIT income under the REIT gross income tests, and any gain from the unwinding of any such transaction, does not constitute gross income for purposes of the REIT annual gross income tests. To the extent that we do not properly identify such transactions as hedges or we hedge with other types of financial instruments, or hedge other types of indebtedness, the income from those transactions may not be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests, and might also give rise to an asset that does not qualify for purposes of the REIT asset tests.
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Each of our Subsidiary REITs must individually qualify as a REIT, and failure of any one of our Subsidiary REITs to qualify as a REIT could also cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT.
We indirectly own equity interests in wholly-owned subsidiaries of the BTC Partnership (the “Subsidiary REITs”) and we currently intend to directly or indirectly own additional Subsidiary REITs. Each Subsidiary REIT has elected or will elect to be treated as a REIT, and we intend that each Subsidiary REIT will qualify as a REIT. Each Subsidiary REIT is subject to, and must comply with the same requirements that we must satisfy in order to qualify as a REIT, together with all other rules applicable to REITs. The risks described under the caption “Risks Related to Our Taxation as REIT” also apply to each of the Subsidiary REITs. If a Subsidiary REIT fails to qualify as a REIT, it would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates, and such Subsidiary REIT would remain disqualified as a REIT for four years following the year in which it lost its REIT status. Moreover, we may also fail to qualify as REIT in the event that one or more of our Subsidiary REITs fails to qualify as a REIT.
Potential changes to the U.S. tax laws could have a significant negative impact on our business operations, financial condition and earnings.
The current presidential administration has included as part of its agenda a potential reform of U.S. tax laws. The details of the potential reform have not yet emerged but during the campaign, the President outlined several possible changes to business taxes. In addition, House Republicans and Congress have drafted an initial tax reform (“Tax Reform Blueprint”) to significantly amend the Code. The convergence of the administration’s reform agenda and the Tax Reform Blueprint’s potential reforms has not yet taken place, however, key changes within the proposals include:
| | • | | Elective replacement of current depreciation deductions with a cost recovery system for capital asset investments (excluding land investments); |
| | • | | Elimination of the deductibility of corporate interest expense, if a cost recovery system is elected; |
| | • | | Restriction or elimination of benefits of like-kind exchanges that defer capital gains for tax purposes; |
| | • | | Reduction of the maximum business tax rate from 35% to 15% to 20%; |
| | • | | Elimination of the corporate alternative minimum tax; |
| | • | | Implementation of a one-time deemed repatriation tax rate of 10% on corporate profits held offshore; and |
| | • | | Elimination of most corporate tax expenditures except for the Research and Development credit. |
The specific details regarding potential tax reforms have not yet emerged. In addition, it is not yet known if the potential reform of the U.S. tax laws will include changes that may impact existing REIT rules under the Code. If the tax reform is enacted with some or all of the changes outlined above, our taxable income and the amount of distributions to our stockholders required in order to maintain our REIT status may significantly increase. As a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to our shareholders annually.
We cannot predict whether, when or to what extent new U.S. federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will be issued, nor is the long-term impact of proposed tax reforms (including future reforms that may be part of any enacted tax reform) on the real estate industry or REITs clear. Furthermore, the proposed tax reform may negatively impact our customers’ operating results, financial condition and future business plans. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of potential changes to the U.S. federal tax laws on an investment in our shares. A reform of the U.S. tax laws by the administration may be enacted in a manner that negatively impacts our operating results, financial condition and business operations and could adversely affect our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
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INVESTMENT COMPANY RISKS
We are not registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, and therefore we will not be subject to the requirements imposed on an investment company by the Investment Company Act which may limit or otherwise affect our investment choices.
We, the Operating Partnership, and our subsidiaries intend to conduct our businesses so that we are not required to register as “investment companies” under the Investment Company Act. We expect that the focus of our activities will involve investments in real estate, buildings, and other assets that can be referred to as “sticks and bricks” and therefore we will not be an investment company under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act. We also may invest in other real estate investments, such as real estate-related securities, and will otherwise be considered to be in the real estate business.
Companies subject to the Investment Company Act are required to comply with a variety of substantive requirements such as requirements relating to:
| | • | | Limitations on the capital structure of the entity; |
| | • | | Restrictions on certain investments; |
| | • | | Prohibitions on transactions with affiliated entities; and |
| | • | | Public reporting disclosures, record keeping, voting procedures, proxy disclosure and similar corporate governance rules and regulations. |
These and other requirements are intended to provide benefits or protections to security holders of investment companies. Because we and our subsidiaries do not expect to be subject to these requirements, our stockholders will not be entitled to these benefits or protections. It is our policy to operate in a manner that will not require us to register as an investment company, and we do not expect to register as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act.
Whether a company is an investment company can involve analysis of complex laws, regulations and SEC staff interpretations. We and the Operating Partnership intend to conduct operations so as not to become subject to regulation as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. The securities issued by any subsidiary that is excepted from the definition of “investment company” under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act, together with any other “investment securities” (as used in the Investment Company Act) its parent may own, may not have a combined value in excess of 40% of the value of the parent entity’s total assets on an unconsolidated basis (which we refer to as the 40% test). In other words, even if some interests in other entities were deemed to be investment securities, so long as such investment securities do not comprise more than 40% of an entity’s assets, the entity will not be required to register as an investment company. If an entity held investment securities and the value of these securities exceeded 40% of the value of its total assets, and no other exemption from registration was available, then that entity might be required to register as an investment company.
We do not expect that we, the Operating Partnership, or other subsidiaries will be an investment company because, if we have any securities that are considered to be investment securities held by an entity, then we will seek to assure that holdings of investment securities in such entity will not exceed 40% of the total assets of that entity as calculated under the Investment Company Act. In order to operate in compliance with that standard, each entity may be required to conduct its business in a manner that takes account of these provisions. We, the Operating Partnership, or a subsidiary could be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want to sell or we may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish to retain, if we deem it necessary to remain in compliance with the 40% test. In addition, we may also have to forgo opportunities to acquire certain investments or interests in companies or entities that we would otherwise want to acquire, or acquire assets we might otherwise not select for purchase, if we deem it necessary to remain in compliance with the 40% test.
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If we, the Operating Partnership or any subsidiary owns assets that qualify as “investment securities” as such term is defined under the Investment Company Act and the value of such assets exceeds 40% of the value of its total assets, the entity could be deemed to be an investment company. In that case the entity would have to qualify for an exemption from registration as an investment company in order to operate without registering as an investment company. Certain of the subsidiaries that we may form in the future could seek to rely upon the exemption from registration as an investment company under the Investment Company Act pursuant to Section 3(c)(5)(C) of that Act, which is available for entities, among other things, “primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate.” This exemption, as interpreted by the staff of the SEC, generally requires that at least 55% of our subsidiaries’ portfolios must be comprised of qualifying assets and at least 80% of each of their total portfolios of assets must be comprised of a combination of qualifying assets and other real estate-related assets (as such terms have been interpreted by the staff of the SEC under the Investment Company Act), and no more than 20% may be comprised of assets that are neither qualifying assets nor real estate-related assets. Qualifying assets for this purpose include certain mortgage loans and other assets that the SEC staff, in various no-action letters, has determined are the functional equivalent of mortgage loans for the purposes of the Investment Company Act. We intend to treat as real estate-related assets those assets that do not qualify for treatment as qualifying assets, including any securities of companies primarily engaged in real estate businesses that are not within the scope of SEC staff positions and/or interpretations regarding qualifying assets. In order to assure that the composition of assets of an entity meets the required standard, an entity may have to buy, hold, or sell an asset that it might otherwise prefer not to buy, sell, or hold at that time.
In addition, we, the Operating Partnership and/or our subsidiaries may rely upon other exceptions and exemptions, including the exemptions provided by Section 3(c)(6) of the Investment Company Act (which exempts, among other things, parent entities whose primary business is conducted through majority-owned subsidiaries relying upon the exemption provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C), discussed above), from the definition of an investment company and the registration requirements under the Investment Company Act. There can be no assurance that the laws and regulations governing the Investment Company Act status of REITs (and/or their subsidiaries), including actions by the Division of Investment Management of the SEC providing more specific or different guidance regarding these exemptions, will not change in a manner that adversely affects our operations. For example, on August 31, 2011, the SEC issued a concept release requesting comments regarding a number of matters relating to the exemption provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act, including the nature of assets that qualify for purposes of the exemption and whether mortgage REITs should be regulated in a manner similar to investment companies. To the extent that the SEC or the SEC staff provides more specific guidance regarding any of the matters bearing upon the exemptions discussed above or other exemptions from the definition of investment company under the Investment Company Act upon which we may rely, we may be required to change the way we conduct our business or adjust our strategy accordingly. Any additional guidance from the SEC staff could provide additional flexibility to us, or it could further inhibit our ability to pursue the strategies we have chosen. If we fail to qualify for an exemption from registration as an investment company or an exclusion from the definition of an investment company, our ability to use leverage and other business strategies would be substantially reduced. Our business could be materially and adversely affected if we fail to qualify for an exemption or exclusion from regulation under the Investment Company Act.
If we or the Operating Partnership is required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, the additional expenses and operational limitations associated with such registration may reduce our stockholders’ investment return or impair our ability to conduct our business as planned.
If we become an investment company or are otherwise required to register as an investment company, we might be required to revise some of our current policies, or substantially restructure our business, to comply with the Investment Company Act. This would likely require us to incur the expense and delay of holding a stockholder meeting to vote on proposals for such changes. Further, if we were required to register as an investment company, but failed to do so, we would be prohibited from engaging in our business, criminal and civil actions
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could be brought against us, some of our contracts might be unenforceable, unless a court were to direct enforcement, and a court could appoint a receiver to take control of us and liquidate our business.
ERISA RISKS
If our assets are deemed to be ERISA plan assets, the Advisor and we may be exposed to liabilities under Title I of ERISA and the Code.
In some circumstances where an ERISA plan holds an interest in an entity, the assets of the entire entity are deemed to be ERISA plan assets unless an exception applies. This is known as the “look-through rule.” Under those circumstances, the obligations and other responsibilities of plan sponsors, plan fiduciaries and plan administrators, and of parties in interest and disqualified persons, under Title I of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code, as applicable, may be applicable, and there may be liability under these and other provisions of ERISA and the Code. We believe that our assets should not be treated as plan assets because the shares should qualify as “publicly-offered securities” that are exempt from the look-through rules under applicable Treasury Regulations. We note, however, that because certain limitations are imposed upon the transferability of shares so that we may qualify as a REIT, and perhaps for other reasons, it is possible that this exemption may not apply. If that is the case, and if the Advisor or we are exposed to liability under ERISA or the Code, our performance and results of operations could be adversely affected. Prior to making an investment in us, our stockholders should consult with their legal and other advisors concerning the impact of ERISA and the Code on our stockholders’ investment and our performance.
The U.S. Department of Labor, (the “DOL”), has issued a final regulation revising the definition of “fiduciary” under ERISA and the Code, which could adversely affect our ability to raise significant additional capital in the Offering.
On April 8, 2016, the DOL issued a final regulation relating to the definition of a fiduciary under ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code. The final regulation broadens the definition of fiduciary and is accompanied by new and revised prohibited transaction exemptions relating to investments by IRAs and benefit plans. The final regulation and the related exemptions are scheduled to become applicable for investment transactions on and after April 10, 2017, but generally should not apply to purchases of shares of our common stock before that applicability date. On February 3, 2017, a Presidential Memorandum was issued directing the DOL to, among other things, examine the regulation to determine whether it may adversely affect the ability of Americans to gain access to market information and financial advice. The outcome of this review by the DOL and the ultimate impact of the final regulation are not yet known, but if the regulation is implemented, it could negatively impact our ability to raise capital in the Offering and our operations, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. On March 2, 2017, a proposal by the DOL to delay the applicability date of the regulation for 60 days, or until June 9, 2017, was published in the Federal Register. The DOL’s proposal is subject to a 15-day comment period concerning the delay and also provides for a 45-day comment period concerning the review of the regulation being undertaken by the DOL. The final regulation and the accompanying exemptions are complex, and plan fiduciaries and the beneficial owners of IRAs are urged to consult with their own advisors regarding the implications of the regulation.
| ITEM 1B. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS |
None.
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As of December 31, 2016, we owned and managed, either directly or through our 20.0% ownership interest in the BTC Partnership, a real estate portfolio that included 242 industrial buildings totaling approximately 38.7 million square feet located in 24 markets throughout the U.S., with 477 customers, and was 92.5% occupied (94.0% leased) with a weighted-average remaining lease term (based on square feet) of approximately 4.5 years. The occupied rate reflects the square footage with a paying customer in place. The leased rate includes the occupied square footage and additional square footage with leases in place that have not yet commenced. As of December 31, 2016:
| | • | | 231 industrial buildings totaling approximately 37.1 million square feet comprised our operating portfolio. Our operating portfolio consists of stabilized properties, which includes the four buildings classified as held for sale, and was 95.3% occupied (96.7% leased). |
| | • | | 11 industrial buildings totaling approximately 1.6 million square feet comprised our development and value-add portfolio, which includes buildings acquired with the intention to reposition or redevelop, or buildings recently completed which have not yet reached stabilization. We generally consider a building to be stabilized on the earlier to occur of the first anniversary of a building’s shell completion or achieving 90.0% occupancy. |
During 2016, we directly acquired 88 buildings comprising approximately 18.2 million square feet for an aggregate total purchase price of approximately $1.2 billion. We funded these acquisitions with proceeds from the Offering and debt financings. See “Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding our acquisitions. Additionally, during 2016, we sold to third parties five industrial buildings aggregating 1.1 million square feet for net proceeds of $54.2 million. The net cash flow generated from these dispositions is expected to be reinvested in future acquisitions.
As of December 31, 2016, we owned and managed 27 buildings totaling approximately 4.4 million square feet of the total 38.7 million square feet (discussed above) through our 20.0% ownership interest in the BTC Partnership. During 2016, the BTC Partnership acquired four buildings comprising approximately 0.2 million square feet for an aggregate total purchase price of approximately $19.2 million. Additionally, as of that date, the BTC Partnership had 10 buildings under construction totaling approximately 3.7 million square feet, and 10 buildings in the pre-construction phase for an additional 1.8 million square feet. See “Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding the BTC Partnership.
From January 2014 through December 2016, we had acquired, either directly or through our 20.0% ownership interest in the BTC Partnership, 247 buildings comprised of approximately 39.8 million square feet for an aggregate total purchase price of approximately $2.9 billion.
Unless otherwise indicated, the term “property” as used herein refers to one or more buildings in the same market that were acquired by us in the same transaction.
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Building Types. Our industrial buildings consist primarily of warehouse distribution facilities suitable for single or multiple customers. The following table summarizes our portfolio by building type as of December 31, 2016:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Percent of Rentable
Square Feet | |
Building Type | | Description | | Total
(1) | | | Consolidated (2) | |
Bulk distribution | | Building size of 150,000 to over 1 million square feet, single or multi-customer | | | 70.9 | % | | | 71.9 | % |
Light industrial | | Building size of 75,000 to 150,000 square feet, single or multi-customer | | | 27.4 | | | | 27.0 | |
Flex industrial | | Includes assembly or research and development, primarily multi-customer | | | 1.0 | | | | 1.1 | |
Freezer/Cooler | | Food distribution, primarily single customer | | | 0.7 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | Represents our total portfolio of owned and managed properties, including our consolidated and unconsolidated properties, as of December 31, 2016. Unconsolidated properties are those owned through our ownership interest in the BTC Partnership. Assumes 100% ownership of our unconsolidated properties. |
| (2) | Represents only our consolidated properties. |
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Portfolio Overview and Market Diversification. As of December 31, 2016, the average effective annual rent of our total real estate portfolio (calculated by dividing total annualized base rent, which includes the impact of any contractual tenant concessions (cash basis), by total occupied square footage) was approximately $4.54 per square foot. The following table summarizes certain operating metrics of our portfolio by market as of December 31, 2016:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Rentable
Square Feet | | | | | | | | | Annualized Base Rent (1) | |
($ and square feet in thousands) | | Number
of
Buildings | | | Total
(2) | | | Consolidated
(3) | | | Occupied
Rate
(2)(4) | | | Leased
Rate
(2)(4) | | | Total (2) | | | Consolidated (3) | |
Operating Properties: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Atlanta | | | 32 | | | | 4,383 | | | | 3,554 | | | | 87.2 | % | | | 96.7 | % | | $ | 16,643 | | | | 10.2 | % | | $ | 12,784 | | | | 8.8 | % |
Austin | | | 5 | | | | 442 | | | | — | | | | 83.9 | | | | 83.9 | | | | 2,531 | | | | 1.6 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Baltimore/D.C. | | | 10 | | | | 1,211 | | | | 1,108 | | | | 95.5 | | | | 96.4 | | | | 5,974 | | | | 3.7 | | | | 5,362 | | | | 3.7 | |
Central Valley | | | 7 | | | | 1,528 | | | | 1,528 | | | | 92.4 | | | | 92.4 | | | | 5,657 | | | | 3.5 | | | | 5,657 | | | | 3.9 | |
Charlotte | | | 1 | | | | 560 | | | | 560 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 2,022 | | | | 1.2 | | | | 2,022 | | | | 1.4 | |
Chicago | | | 14 | | | | 3,049 | | | | 3,049 | | | | 98.1 | | | | 98.1 | | | | 14,449 | | | | 8.9 | | | | 14,449 | | | | 9.9 | |
Cincinnati | | | 6 | | | | 1,350 | | | | 1,350 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 4,537 | | | | 2.8 | | | | 4,537 | | | | 3.1 | |
Dallas | | | 13 | | | | 3,231 | | | | 1,814 | | | | 95.8 | | | | 95.8 | | | | 11,275 | | | | 6.9 | | | | 6,792 | | | | 4.6 | |
Denver | | | 2 | | | | 329 | | | | 329 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 1,509 | | | | 0.9 | | | | 1,509 | | | | 1.0 | |
Houston | | | 20 | | | | 2,286 | | | | 2,061 | | | | 92.4 | | | | 95.0 | | | | 11,491 | | | | 7.1 | | | | 11,027 | | | | 7.5 | |
Indianapolis | | | 3 | | | | 1,068 | | | | 1,068 | | | | 61.4 | | | | 61.4 | | | | 2,335 | | | | 1.4 | | | | 2,335 | | | | 1.6 | |
Las Vegas | | | 1 | | | | 382 | | | | 382 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 1,753 | | | | 1.1 | | | | 1,753 | | | | 1.2 | |
Louisville | | | 5 | | | | 1,934 | | | | 1,934 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 4,693 | | | | 2.9 | | | | 4,693 | | | | 3.2 | |
Memphis | | | 7 | | | | 2,602 | | | | 2,602 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 6,934 | | | | 4.3 | | | | 6,934 | | | | 4.7 | |
Nashville | | | 1 | | | | 557 | | | | 557 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 1,715 | | | | 1.1 | | | | 1,715 | | | | 1.2 | |
New Jersey | | | 7 | | | | 1,278 | | | | 1,278 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 6,970 | | | | 4.3 | | | | 6,970 | | | | 4.8 | |
Pennsylvania | | | 14 | | | | 2,228 | | | | 2,040 | | | | 98.2 | | | | 98.2 | | | | 9,797 | | | | 6.0 | | | | 8,825 | | | | 6.0 | |
Phoenix | | | 9 | | | | 691 | | | | 691 | | | | 97.5 | | | | 97.5 | | | | 4,613 | | | | 2.8 | | | | 4,613 | | | | 3.2 | |
Portland | | | 16 | | | | 2,117 | | | | 2,117 | | | | 97.6 | | | | 97.6 | | | | 9,522 | | | | 5.9 | | | | 9,522 | | | | 6.5 | |
Salt Lake City | | | 1 | | | | 207 | | | | 207 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 996 | | | | 0.6 | | | | 996 | | | | 0.7 | |
San Fancisco Bay Area | | | 14 | | | | 1,554 | | | | 1,554 | | | | 99.0 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 11,447 | | | | 7.0 | | | | 11,447 | | | | 7.8 | |
Seattle | | | 22 | | | | 1,391 | | | | 1,253 | | | | 98.7 | | | | 99.1 | | | | 8,695 | | | | 5.3 | | | | 8,003 | | | | 5.5 | |
South Florida | | | 4 | | | | 205 | | | | 205 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 1,374 | | | | 0.8 | | | | 1,374 | | | | 0.9 | |
Southern California | | | 17 | | | | 2,560 | | | | 2,198 | | | | 99.6 | | | | 99.6 | | | | 13,764 | | | | 8.5 | | | | 11,440 | | | | 7.8 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Operating | | | 231 | | | | 37,143 | | | | 33,439 | | | | 95.3 | | | | 96.7 | | | | 160,696 | | | | 98.8 | | | | 144,759 | | | | 99.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Development and Value-Add Properties: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Central Valley | | | 1 | | | | 39 | | | | 39 | | | | 39.8 | | | | 39.8 | | | | 80 | | | | — | | | | 80 | | | | 0.1 | |
Dallas (5) | | | 1 | | | | 105 | | | | 105 | | | | 41.0 | | | | 100.0 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
New Jersey | | | 1 | | | | 84 | | | | 84 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Pennsylvania | | | 3 | | | | 1,012 | | | | 385 | | | | 17.2 | | | | 17.2 | | | | 832 | | | | 0.5 | | | | 832 | | | | 0.5 | |
San Fancisco Bay Area | | | 1 | | | | 133 | | | | 133 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 100.0 | | | | 612 | | | | 0.4 | | | | 612 | | | | 0.4 | |
Southern California | | | 4 | | | | 228 | | | | 154 | | | | 32.3 | | | | 32.3 | | | | 420 | | | | 0.3 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Development and Value-Add | | | 11 | | | | 1,601 | | | | 900 | | | | 27.4 | | | | 31.3 | | | | 1,944 | | | | 1.2 | | | | 1,524 | | | | 1.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Portfolio | | | 242 | | | | 38,744 | | | | 34,339 | | | | 92.5 | % | | | 94.0 | % | | $ | 162,640 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 146,283 | | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | Annualized base rent is calculated as monthly base rent including the impact of any contractual tenant concessions (cash basis) per the terms of the lease as of December 31, 2016, multiplied by 12. |
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| (2) | Represents our total portfolio of owned and managed properties, including our consolidated and unconsolidated properties, as of December 31, 2016. Unconsolidated properties are those owned through our ownership interest in the BTC Partnership. Assumes 100% ownership of our unconsolidated properties. |
| (3) | Represents only our consolidated properties. |
| (4) | The occupied rate reflects the square footage with a paying customer in place. The leased rate includes the occupied square footage and additional square footage with leases in place that have not yet commenced. |
| (5) | The in-place lease includes contractual free rent as of December 31, 2016. |
Lease Terms. Our industrial properties are typically subject to leases on a “triple net basis,” in which customers pay their proportionate share of real estate taxes, insurance, common area maintenance, and certain other operating costs. In addition, most of our leases include fixed rental increases or Consumer Price Index-based rental increases. Lease terms typically range from one to 10 years, and often include renewal options.
Lease Expirations.As of December 31, 2016, the weighted-average remaining lease term (based on square feet) of our total occupied portfolio was approximately 4.5 years, excluding renewal options. The following table summarizes the lease expirations of our occupied portfolio for leases in place as of December 31, 2016, without giving effect to the exercise of renewal options or termination rights, if any:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
($ and square feet in thousands) | | Number
of Leases
(1) | | | Occupied Square Feet | | | Annualized Base Rent (3) | |
| | | Total (1) | | | Consolidated (2) | | | Total (1) | | | Consolidated (2) | |
2017 | | | 92 | | | | 2,772 | | | | 7.7 | % | | | 2,456 | | | | 7.6 | % | | $ | 15,356 | | | | 9.4 | % | | $ | 13,453 | | | | 9.2 | % |
2018 | | | 88 | | | | 4,147 | | | | 11.6 | | | | 3,805 | | | | 11.7 | | | | 19,335 | | | | 11.9 | | | | 17,604 | | | | 12.0 | |
2019 | | | 89 | | | | 5,855 | | | | 16.3 | | | | 5,530 | | | | 17.1 | | | | 24,217 | | | | 14.9 | | | | 22,698 | | | | 15.5 | |
2020 | | | 70 | | | | 4,942 | | | | 13.8 | | | | 4,440 | | | | 13.7 | | | | 20,860 | | | | 12.8 | | | | 18,506 | | | | 12.7 | |
2021 | | | 69 | | | | 5,519 | | | | 15.4 | | | | 5,069 | | | | 15.6 | | | | 23,918 | | | | 14.7 | | | | 22,024 | | | | 15.1 | |
2022 | | | 44 | | | | 3,985 | | | | 11.1 | | | | 3,315 | | | | 10.2 | | | | 16,365 | | | | 10.1 | | | | 13,100 | | | | 9.0 | |
2023 | | | 15 | | | | 2,241 | | | | 6.3 | | | | 2,150 | | | | 6.6 | | | | 11,320 | | | | 7.0 | | | | 10,621 | | | | 7.3 | |
2024 | | | 10 | | | | 498 | | | | 1.4 | | | | 498 | | | | 1.5 | | | | 3,265 | | | | 2.0 | | | | 3,265 | | | | 2.2 | |
2025 | | | 18 | | | | 2,174 | | | | 6.1 | | | | 1,878 | | | | 5.8 | | | | 12,215 | | | | 7.5 | | | | 10,427 | | | | 7.1 | |
2026 | | | 11 | | | | 2,768 | | | | 7.7 | | | | 2,305 | | | | 7.1 | | | | 10,613 | | | | 6.5 | | | | 9,407 | | | | 6.4 | |
Thereafter | | | 5 | | | | 950 | | | | 2.6 | | | | 950 | | | | 3.1 | | | | 5,176 | | | | 3.2 | | | | 5,178 | | | | 3.5 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total occupied | | | 511 | | | | 35,851 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 32,396 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 162,640 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 146,283 | | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | Represents our total portfolio of owned and managed properties, including our consolidated and unconsolidated properties, as of December 31, 2016. Unconsolidated properties are those owned through our ownership interest in the BTC Partnership. Assumes 100% ownership of our unconsolidated properties. |
| (2) | Represents only our consolidated properties. |
| (3) | Annualized base rent is calculated as monthly base rent including the impact of any contractual tenant concessions (cash basis) per the terms of the lease as of December 31, 2016, multiplied by 12. |
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Customer Diversification. As of December 31, 2016, there were no customers that individually represented more than 5.0% of total annualized base rent or total occupied square feet. The following table reflects our 10 largest customers, based on annualized base rent, which occupied a combined 6.7 million square feet as of December 31, 2016:
| | | | | | | | |
Customer | | Percent of Total
Annualized
Base Rent (1) | | | Percent of Total
Occupied
Square Feet (1) | |
FedEx Corporation | | | 2.9 | % | | | 2.0 | % |
Ozburn-Hessey Logistics, LLC | | | 2.3 | | | | 3.4 | |
Radial, Inc. | | | 2.1 | | | | 2.7 | |
Victory Packaging | | | 1.6 | | | | 1.9 | |
Osram Sylvania Inc. | | | 1.4 | | | | 1.5 | |
American Tire Distributors Inc. | | | 1.3 | | | | 1.2 | |
Nike TN, Inc. | | | 1.2 | | | | 2.0 | |
Ascena Retail Group, Inc. | | | 1.2 | | | | 1.6 | |
Niagra Bottling, LLC | | | 1.2 | | | | 1.4 | |
Becton, Dickson and Company | | | 1.2 | | | | 1.2 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 16.4 | % | | | 18.9 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
| (1) | Represents our total portfolio of owned and managed properties, including our consolidated and unconsolidated properties, as of December 31, 2016. Unconsolidated properties are those owned through our ownership interest in the BTC Partnership. Assumes 100% ownership of our unconsolidated properties. |
The majority of our customers do not have a public corporate credit rating. We evaluate creditworthiness and financial strength of prospective customers based on financial, operating and business plan information that is provided to us by such prospective customers, as well as other market, industry, and economic information that is generally publicly available.
Industry Diversification. The table below illustrates the diversification of our portfolio by industry classifications of our customers as of December 31, 2016:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
($ and square feet in thousands) | | Number of
Leases (1) | | | Annualized Base Rent (3) | | | Occupied Square Feet | |
| | | Total (1) | | | Consolidated (2) | | | Total (1) | | | Consolidated (2) | |
Transportation / Logistics | | | 68 | | | $ | 20,164 | | | | 12.4 | % | | $ | 19,469 | | | | 13.3 | % | | | 4,939 | | | | 13.8 | % | | | 4,793 | | | | 14.8 | % |
Manufacturing | | | 51 | | | | 14,483 | | | | 8.9 | | | | 13,855 | | | | 9.5 | | | | 3,026 | | | | 8.4 | | | | 2,902 | | | | 9.0 | |
Food & Beverage | | | 33 | | | | 12,937 | | | | 8.0 | | | | 9,957 | | | | 6.8 | | | | 2,548 | | | | 7.1 | | | | 2,028 | | | | 6.3 | |
eCommerce / Fulfillment | | | 10 | | | | 9,050 | | | | 5.6 | | | | 9,051 | | | | 6.2 | | | | 2,531 | | | | 7.1 | | | | 2,531 | | | | 7.8 | |
Auto | | | 24 | | | | 8,742 | | | | 5.4 | | | | 7,470 | | | | 5.1 | | | | 2,294 | | | | 6.4 | | | | 1,749 | | | | 5.4 | |
Speciality Retail | | | 33 | | | | 8,595 | | | | 5.3 | | | | 8,238 | | | | 5.6 | | | | 1,826 | | | | 5.1 | | | | 1,768 | | | | 5.5 | |
Home Improvement | | | 34 | | | | 8,006 | | | | 4.9 | | | | 6,638 | | | | 4.5 | | | | 1,797 | | | | 5.0 | | | | 1,528 | | | | 4.7 | |
Packaging | | | 12 | | | | 7,448 | | | | 4.6 | | | | 7,448 | | | | 5.1 | | | | 1,720 | | | | 4.8 | | | | 1,720 | | | | 5.3 | |
Home Furnishings | | | 20 | | | | 6,653 | | | | 4.1 | | | | 6,085 | | | | 4.2 | | | | 1,680 | | | | 4.7 | | | | 1,531 | | | | 4.7 | |
Construction / Engineering | | | 33 | | | | 5,491 | | | | 3.4 | | | | 5,221 | | | | 3.6 | | | | 1,035 | | | | 2.9 | | | | 964 | | | | 3.0 | |
Other | | | 193 | | | | 61,071 | | | | 37.4 | | | | 52,851 | | | | 36.1 | | | | 12,455 | | | | 34.7 | | | | 10,882 | | | | 33.5 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 511 | | | $ | 162,640 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 146,283 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 35,851 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 32,396 | | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | Represents our total portfolio of owned and managed properties, including our consolidated and unconsolidated properties, as of December 31, 2016. Unconsolidated properties are those owned through our ownership interest in the BTC Partnership. Assumes 100% ownership of our unconsolidated properties. |
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| (2) | Represents only our consolidated properties |
| (3) | Annualized base rent is calculated as monthly base rent including the impact of any contractual tenant concessions (cash basis) per the terms of the lease as of December 31, 2016, multiplied by 12. |
Debt Obligations. Our consolidated indebtedness is currently comprised of borrowings under our line of credit, term loan and mortgage note debt. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately $1.3 billion of consolidated indebtedness with a weighted-average interest rate of 2.94%, which includes the effects of the interest rate swap agreements. The weighted-average remaining term of our consolidated debt as of December 31, 2016 was 5.6 years, excluding extension options. The total gross book value of properties encumbered by our consolidated debt as of December 31, 2016 was approximately $986.8 million. See “Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” and Item 15, “Schedule III—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation” for additional information.
As of the date hereof, there are no material pending legal proceedings to which we are a party or of which any of our properties are the subject.
| ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES. |
Not applicable.
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PART II
| ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |
Market Information
There is no public trading market for our shares of common stock. On a limited basis, our stockholders may be able to have their shares redeemed through our share redemption program. In the future we may also consider various forms of additional liquidity, each of which we refer to as a “Liquidity Event,” including, but not limited, to a listing of our common stock on a national securities exchange (or the receipt by our stockholders of securities that are listed on a national securities exchange in exchange for our common stock); the sale, merger, or other transaction of our company in which our stockholders either receive, or have the option to receive, cash, securities redeemable for cash, and/or securities of a publicly traded company; and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets where our stockholders either receive, or have the option to receive, cash or other consideration. We presently intend to consider alternatives for effecting a Liquidity Event for our stockholders beginning generally after seven to ten years following the investment of substantially all of the net proceeds from all offerings made by us. Although this is our present intention, there can be no assurance that a suitable transaction will be available or that market conditions for a transaction will be favorable during that timeframe.
Alternatively, we may seek to complete a Liquidity Event earlier than seven years following the investment of substantially all of the net proceeds from all offerings made by us. For purposes of the time frame for seeking a Liquidity Event, investment of “substantially all” of the net proceeds means the equity investment of 90% or more of the net proceeds from all offerings made by us.
In order to assist FINRA members and their associated persons that have participated in the offer and sale of shares of our common stock pursuant to our public offerings in their efforts to comply with NASD Conduct Rule 2340, we disclose in each annual report distributed to stockholders a per share estimated value of our common stock, the method by which it was developed, and the date of the data used to develop the estimated value.
Estimated Net Asset Value Per Share
Overview
Based on the recommendation from the Valuation Committee as described below, on December 22, 2016, our board of directors unanimously approved an estimated NAV of our common stock of $9.74 per share based on the number of shares issued and outstanding as of November 30, 2016. On December 22, 2016, our board of directors also unanimously approved a new offering price of $11.01 per Class A share of our common stock (the “Class A Offering Price”) and a new offering price of $10.36 per Class T share of our common stock (the “Class T Offering Price”). The new Class A Offering Price and the new Class T Offering Price took effect with respect to subscriptions accepted by us after January 1, 2017. The new offering prices have been rounded to the nearest whole cent throughout this report.
The estimated NAV per share was determined in accordance with our valuation policy, utilizing guidelines established by Investment Program Association Practice Guideline 2013-01 “—Valuation of Publicly Registered, Non-Listed REITs” issued April 29, 2013. It is currently anticipated that the estimated NAV per share will next be determined and disclosed no later than December 2017.
Process
Our valuation committee comprised of our independent directors (the “Valuation Committee”) acted as follows: (i) approved the engagement of a third party valuation firm to assist in the valuation of our assets and liabilities; (ii) oversaw the valuation process and methodologies used to determine the estimated NAV per share; (iii) reviewed the reasonableness of the estimated range of NAVs per share; and (iv) recommended the final proposed estimated NAV per share to our board of directors. The Valuation Committee approved the engagement
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of Duff & Phelps, LLC (“Duff & Phelps”), an independent global valuation advisory and corporate finance consulting firm that specializes in providing real estate valuation services, to provide third party appraisals for each of our real estate properties, and to review various balance sheet items in order to produce a range of estimated NAVs per share of our common stock as of November 30, 2016. The final estimated NAV per share was ultimately and solely the decision of our board of directors. Duff & Phelps’ scope of work was conducted in conformity with the requirements of the Code of Professional Ethics and Standards of Professional Practice of the Appraisal Institute and each of the appraisals was prepared by Duff & Phelps personnel who are members of the Appraisal Institute and have the Member of Appraisal Institute (“MAI”) designation. With the approval of the Valuation Committee, we previously engaged and compensated Duff & Phelps to assist us in the valuation of our real estate and other assets and liabilities in connection with our board of director’s determination of the estimated NAV per share of our common stock in August 2015. In addition, affiliates of our sponsor have engaged and compensated Duff & Phelps to provide third party appraisals of certain properties owned by other entities advised by the sponsor’s affiliates. Other than the engagements described herein, Duff & Phelps does not have, and during the past two years Duff & Phelps has not had, any direct interests in any transaction with us, its sponsor or their respective affiliates.
From the start of its engagement through the issuance of its valuation report as of December 21, 2016, (the “Valuation Report”), Duff & Phelps held discussions with management, and conducted such appraisals, investigations, research, review and analyses as it deemed necessary. The Valuation Committee, upon its receipt and review of the Valuation Report, concluded that the range of between $9.33 and $10.15 per share for our estimated NAV as determined in the Valuation Report was reasonable, and recommended to our board of directors that it adopt $9.74 per share as the estimated NAV of our common stock, which value is the approximate midpoint of the range determined by Duff & Phelps in its Valuation Report. At a special meeting of our board of directors held on December 22, 2016, our board of directors accepted the recommendation of the Valuation Committee and approved $9.74 per share as the estimated NAV of our common stock as of November 30, 2016, and determined the new Class A Offering Price of $11.01 per share and the new Class T Offering Price of $10.36 per share, each effective as of January 1, 2017.
Methodology
In preparing its Valuation Report, Duff & Phelps, among other things:
| | • | | reviewed property level financial and operating information, requested from, or provided by, us; |
| | • | | reviewed and discussed with us the historical and anticipated future financial performance of our properties, including projections prepared by us; |
| | • | | conducted MAI appraisals which contained analyses on each of our real property assets and performed analyses and studies for each property; |
| | • | | performed physical inspections of approximately 21% of our real properties based on total square footage and approximately 24% of our real properties based on total estimated real property values; |
| | • | | researched each market by means of publications and other resources, including local Duff & Phelps market experts, to measure current market conditions, comparable property and lease data, supply and demand factors, growth patterns, and their effect on the subject properties; |
| | • | | reviewed primary terms for each of our mortgage and credit facility liabilities; |
| | • | | reviewed calculations related to value allocations to joint venture interests; |
| | • | | reviewed estimated incentive fee adjustments; |
| | • | | reviewed fully diluted common stock calculations; and |
| | • | | performed such other analyses and studies and considered such other factors as Duff & Phelps considered appropriate. |
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As of November 30, 2016, we owned and managed, either directly or through our 20.0% ownership interest in a joint venture partnership, a portfolio of 270 industrial properties comprised of approximately 42.7 million square feet located in 25 markets throughout the U.S. with 483 customers, including expected square footage for eight assets under development but excluding square footage for 12 undeveloped land assets. The portfolio included: 253 properties for a total of 35.9 million square feet; 12 undeveloped land assets, including one under contract, totaling approximately 167.0 net acres; and five properties under contract, totaling approximately 0.7 million square feet. The properties under contract are properties with respect to which the due diligence period had expired and our deposit was no longer refundable.
Of the total 270 industrial properties, 223 industrial properties totaling approximately 35.6 million square feet were 100.0% owned and managed by us. Our portfolio included: an operating portfolio of 210 industrial buildings totaling approximately 33.6 million square feet, which were 95.8% occupied (96.0% leased); nine development and value-add properties, one of which is under construction, totaling approximately 1.5 million square feet; and four properties under contract, totaling approximately 0.5 million square feet. The occupied rate reflects the square footage with a paying customer in place. The leased rate includes the occupied square footage and additional square footage with leases in place that have not yet commenced.
The remaining 47 properties were owned through our 20.0% ownership interest in a joint venture partnership and managed by us. The partnership properties included: an operating portfolio of 21 industrial buildings totaling approximately 3.6 million square feet, which were 92.6% occupied (93.7% leased); 13 development and value-add properties, seven of which are under construction, totaling approximately 3.3 million square feet; 12 undeveloped land assets, including one under contract, totaling approximately 167.0 net acres; and one property under contract totaling approximately 0.2 million square feet.
As a result, for purposes of the Valuation Report, our real estate properties were classified into three categories: operating portfolio, development and value-add portfolio, and undeveloped land. Our board of directors considered the following valuation methodologies with respect to each category which were applied by Duff & Phelps and are summarized in its Valuation Report. Properties under contract were valued based on their respective contractual purchase prices.
Valuation of Operating and Development and Value-Add Properties
Duff & Phelps provided appraised values of all of our real estate properties owned and managed as of November 30, 2016 using the income capitalization approach and more specifically utilizing discounted cash flow analyses as the primary methodology. The sales comparison approach was applied as a secondary methodology.
The income capitalization approach is a valuation methodology that provides an estimation of the value of an asset based on market expectations about the cash flows that an asset would generate over its remaining useful life. The income capitalization approach begins with an estimation of the annual cash flows a market participant would expect the subject asset to generate over a discrete projection period. The estimated cash flows for each of the years in the discrete projection period are then converted to their present value equivalent using a market-oriented discount rate appropriate for the risk of achieving the projected cash flows. The present value of the estimated cash flows are then added to the present value equivalent of the residual value of the asset, which is calculated based upon applying a terminal capitalization rate to the projected net operating income of the property at the end of the discrete projection period, to arrive at an estimate of value.
The sales comparison approach is a valuation methodology that provides an estimation of value based on market prices in actual transactions and asking prices for assets. The valuation process is a comparison and correlation between the subject asset and other similar assets. Considerations such as time and condition of sale and terms of agreements are analyzed for comparable assets and are adjusted to arrive at an estimation of the fair value of the subject asset.
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The following summarizes the range of terminal capitalization rates and discount rates used to arrive at the estimated market values of our operating and development and value-add properties:
| | | | | | | | |
| | | Range of
Rates | | | Weighted—
Average Rate | |
Exit capitalization rate | | | 5.0% to 8.0% | | | | 6.35 | % |
Discount rate | | | 5.5% to 8.5% | | | | 6.90 | % |
Valuation of Undeveloped Land
As of November 30, 2016 we owned and managed, either directly or through our 20.0% ownership interest in a joint venture partnership, 12 undeveloped land assets which were valued using the sales comparison approach described above.
Valuation of Cash, Other Assets and Other Liabilities
The fair value of cash and certain other tangible assets and liabilities, estimated as November 30, 2016, each approximated carrying or book value due to the liquid nature of such assets and the short term nature of such liabilities.
We pay distribution fees with respect to Class T shares only. The distribution fees are accrued upon the issuance of Class T shares and are payable monthly in arrears. Based on U.S. GAAP, we accrue for: (i) the monthly amount payable as of the balance sheet date; and (ii) the estimated amount of distribution fees to be paid in future periods based on the Class T shares outstanding as of the balance sheet date. We had estimated that approximately $25.4 million of distribution fees were potentially payable in the future with respect to the Class T shares outstanding as of November 30, 2016. However, assuming a hypothetical liquidation as of November 30, 2016 for purposes of calculating the estimated NAV, there would be no such potential future distribution fees payable, as distribution fees are no longer payable upon a liquidation. Accordingly, the estimated NAV and estimated NAV per share do not reflect any amounts related to such future distribution fees.
Valuation of Debt Obligations
As of November 30, 2016, our debt consisted of floating rate corporate debt, and fixed and floating rate mortgage debt, including floating rate mortgage debt incurred through our 20.0% ownership interest in a joint venture partnership.
Floating rate mortgage loans and corporate debt facilities are reflected in the determination of estimated NAV based on GAAP book or carrying values, given that such borrowings can be prepaid by us and are not subject to significant prepayment penalties.
Fixed rate mortgage debt is reflected in the determination of estimated NAV based on the fair value (“mark-to-market” value) of such debt.
| | • | | The estimate of the fair value of our long-term fixed rate debt was determined by comparing the current market interest rate to the contract rate on each such debt instrument and discounting to present value the difference in future payments. The weighted-average effective interest rate, or discount rate, assumed for such fixed rate debt was 2.89% per annum compared to a contractual rate of 2.69% per annum; |
| | • | | While we currently intend to retain our fixed-rate debt at least through the dates on which we are able to repay such debt without penalty, the estimate of the fair market value of our fixed-rate debt assumes such debt was theoretically replaced on November 30, 2016, thus resulting in a mark-to-market positive adjustment of $18.7 million, or $0.12 per share; |
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| | • | | Duff & Phelps and we believe that the underlying long-term fixed rate debt assumptions reflect terms currently available to borrowers seeking terms similar to those of our existing long-term fixed rate debt instruments based on similar credit profiles. |
As of November 30, 2016, we had $597.0 million of interest rate swaps in place with a weighted-average duration of 4.2 years, to effectively fix certain floating rate financings. The estimate of fair value of our interest rate swaps was determined using the market-standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts or payments and the discounted expected variable cash payments or receipts. The variable cash payments or receipts are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves. While we currently intend to retain our interest rate swaps through maturity, the estimate of the fair market value of our interest rate swaps assumes such swaps were theoretically terminated on November 30, 2016, thus resulting in a mark-to-market positive adjustment of $11.1 million, or $0.07 per share.
Other Valuation Adjustments
Incentive Fee Adjustments
Duff & Phelps reviewed whether the estimated NAV should be adjusted for estimated incentive payment amounts that might be payable to the Sponsor as the holder of special units in the Operating Partnership, equal to 15.0% of all distributions of net sales proceeds after our stockholders have received, in the aggregate, cumulative distributions from all sources equal to their capital contributions plus a 6.5% cumulative, non-compounded annual pre-tax rate return thereon. Based on associated return thresholds, no adjustments were made assuming a hypothetical liquidation as of November 30, 2016, net of estimated costs, expenses, and other fees related to such hypothetical liquidation.
Estimated NAV Methodology and Considerations
The estimated NAV methodology determines our value by estimating the current market value of our assets, including the value of our real estate assets based on third-party appraisals, subtracting the market value of our debt, interest rate and hedge obligations, and adding or subtracting for certain other assets and liabilities, each as described above. In addition, the estimated NAV methodology includes our pro rata share of certain assets and liabilities that we own or have incurred through our 20.0% interest in the BTC Partnership. The resulting amount, which is the estimated NAV of the portfolio as of November 30, 2016, was divided by 152,070,239, the number of shares of our common stock outstanding on that date to determine the estimated NAV per share.
Exclusions from Estimated NAV
The estimated NAV per share approved by the Valuation Committee and our board of directors does not take into consideration certain factors including those described below, which could result in a premium or discount to NAV when determining a hypothetical enterprise value:
| | • | | the size of our portfolio, as some buyers may pay more for the aggregation and management of a large portfolio compared to prices for individual properties; |
| | • | | the characteristics of our working capital, capital structure and other financial considerations for which some buyers may ascribe different values based on term, synergies, cost savings or other attributes; |
| | • | | certain third party transaction costs and expenses that would be paid to achieve the enterprise value; |
| | • | | estimated disposition fees payable upon our liquidation; |
| | • | | services being provided by personnel of the Advisor under the Advisory Agreement and our potential ability to secure the services of a management team on a long-term basis; or |
| | • | | our shares could trade at a premium or discount to NAV if we were to list our shares of common stock on a national securities exchange. |
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Estimated Net Asset Value
The table below sets forth the material items included in the calculation of our estimated NAV per share as of November 30, 2016 and June 30, 2015. The final estimated NAV per share is at the approximate mid-point of the estimated range of NAVs per share determined in the Valuation Report:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Estimated NAV | |
| | As of November 30, 2016 | | | As of June 30, 2015 | |
| | In Thousands | | | Per Share | | | In Thousands | | | Per Share | |
Net real estate values | | $ | 2,909,562 | | | $ | 19.13 | | | $ | 693,726 | | | $ | 13.64 | |
Cash, other assets and other liabilities, net | | | (35,805 | ) | | | (0.24 | ) | | | 7,866 | | | | 0.15 | |
Debt obligations | | | (1,422,845 | ) | | | (9.36 | ) | | | (231,842 | ) | | | (4.56 | ) |
Debt mark to market adjustments | | | 29,813 | | | | 0.20 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Incentive fee adjustments | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Estimated net asset value | | $ | 1,480,724 | | | $ | 9.74 | | | $ | 469,750 | | | $ | 9.24 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shares of common stock outstanding | | | 152,070 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The original gross purchase price of our real properties, including our pro rata portion of the purchase price with respect to our investments in unconsolidated affiliates, in the aggregate, including post-acquisition capital investments, was approximately $2.7 billion.
Sensitivity Analysis
While our board of directors believes that the assumptions used in determining the appraised values of our real properties are reasonable, certain changes in these assumptions could impact the calculation of such values.
The table below illustrates the impact on the estimated NAV and the estimated NAV per share if, for example, the exit capitalization rates or discount rates were adjusted by 25 basis points, assuming all other factors remain unchanged, with respect to our real properties.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Increase (Decrease) to the Estimated NAV due to: | |
| | | Decrease of 25
Basis Points
(In Thousands) | | | Decrease of 25
Basis Points
(Per Share) | | | Increase of 25
Basis Points
(In Thousands) | | | Increase of 25
Basis Points
(Per Share) | |
Exit capitalizatoin rates | | $ | 71,478 | | | $ | 0.47 | | | $ | (78,583 | ) | | $ | (0.52 | ) |
Discount rates | | $ | 62,764 | | | $ | 0.41 | | | $ | (61,246 | ) | | $ | (0.40 | ) |
Limitations of Estimated NAV Per Share and New Offering Prices Per Share
The estimated NAV per share determined by our board of directors and the new offering prices per share described below do not represent the fair value of our assets less liabilities in accordance with GAAP, and such estimated NAV per share and offering prices per share are not a representation, warranty or guarantee that: (i) a stockholder would be able to realize the estimated NAV per share or the respective offering price per share if such stockholder attempts to sell his or her shares; (ii) a stockholder would ultimately realize distributions per share equal to the estimated NAV per share or the respective offering price per share upon our liquidation or sale; (iii) shares of our common stock would trade at the estimated NAV per share or the respective offering price per share on a national securities exchange; (iv) a third party would offer the estimated NAV per share or the respective offering price per share in an arm’s-length transaction to purchase all or substantially all of our shares of common stock; or (v) the methodologies used to determine the estimated NAV per share would be acceptable to FINRA. In addition, we can make no claims as to whether the estimated NAV per share will or will not satisfy the applicable annual valuation requirements under ERISA and the Code with respect to employee benefit plans subject to ERISA and other retirement plans or accounts subject to Section 4975 of the Code that are investing in our shares.
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Further, the estimated NAV per share and the respective offering prices per share were calculated as of a moment in time, and the value of our common shares will fluctuate over time as a result of, among other things, developments related to individual assets, acquisitions of additional assets, the sale of additional shares of our common stock, changes in the real estate and capital markets, sales of assets and the payment of disposition fees and expenses in connection therewith, the distribution of sales proceeds to our stockholders and changes in corporate policies such as our distribution level relative to earnings. As a result, stockholders should not rely on the estimated NAV per share or the respective offering price per share as being an accurate measure of the then-current value of shares of our common stock in making a decision to buy or sell shares of our common stock, including whether to reinvest distributions by participating in our distribution reinvestment plan and whether to request redemption under our share redemption program. Notwithstanding, we are not obligated to redeem shares of our common stock under our share redemption program. Our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, amend, suspend, or terminate the share redemption program at any time if it determines that the funds available to fund the share redemption program are needed for other business or operational purposes or that amendment, suspension, or termination of the share redemption program is in the best interest of our stockholders.
New Offering Prices and Amendments to Distribution Reinvestment Plan
Our board of directors arbitrarily determined the new offering price per share of each class of our common stock by taking the $9.74 estimated NAV per share and adding the per share up-front sales commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and offering expenses estimated to be paid with respect to Class A shares and Class T shares, respectively, such that after the payment of such commissions, fees and expenses, the net proceeds to us will be the same for both Class A shares and Class T shares. Accordingly, the offering prices that took effect on January 1, 2017 of $11.01 per share and 10.36 per share with respect to Class A shares and Class T shares, respectively, represented the estimated NAV per share of our common stock grossed up by the aggregate per share up-front sales commissions, dealer manager fees and estimated organization and offering expenses to be paid with respect to Class A shares and Class T shares of approximately 11.5% and 6.0%, respectively. The differences between our offering prices and actual value per share will fluctuate depending on the actual value of our assets per share at any given point in time.
We adopted the Third Amended and Restated Distribution Reinvestment Plan (the “Amended DRIP”), effective October 31, 2016. Pursuant to the Amended DRIP, we amended the price at which additional shares of the same class may be purchased pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan to a price equal to the estimated NAV per share of the Class A shares and the Class T shares, respectively, most recently disclosed by us in a public filing with the SEC. Accordingly, distributions declared for the fourth quarter of 2016 were reinvested at the new estimated NAV of our common stock of $9.74 per share, with respect to both Class A shares and Class T shares.
Share Redemption Program
Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, a stockholder may redeem shares of our common stock for cash at a price that may reflect a discount from the purchase price paid for the shares of common stock being redeemed. Shares of common stock must be held for a minimum of one year, subject to certain exceptions. We are not obligated to redeem shares of our common stock under the share redemption program. We presently intend to limit the number of shares to be redeemed during any consecutive 12-month period to no more than five percent of the number of shares of common stock outstanding at the beginning of such 12-month period. We also intend to limit redemptions in accordance with a quarterly cap.
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After a stockholder has held shares of our common stock for a minimum of one year, our share redemption program may provide a limited opportunity for a stockholder to have its shares of common stock redeemed, subject to certain restrictions and limitations, at a price equal to or at a discount from the purchase price of the shares of our common stock being redeemed and the amount of the discount (the “Holding Period Discount”) will vary based upon the length of time that our stockholders have held their shares of our common stock subject to redemption, as described in the following table:
| | | | |
Share Purchase Anniversary | | Redemption Price as a
Percentage of the
Purchase Price | |
Less than one year | | | No redemption allowed | |
One year | | | 92.5% | |
Two years | | | 95.0% | |
Three years | | | 97.5% | |
Four years and longer | | | 100.0% | |
As described below, our board of directors, in its sole discretion, may determine at any time to modify the share redemption program to redeem shares at a price that is higher or lower than the price paid for the shares by the redeeming stockholder. In the event that a stockholder seeks to redeem all of its shares of our common stock, shares of our common stock purchased pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan may be excluded from the foregoing one-year holding period requirement, in the discretion of our board of directors. If a stockholder has made more than one purchase of our common stock (other than through our distribution reinvestment plan), the one-year holding period will be calculated separately with respect to each such purchase. In addition, for purposes of the one-year holding period, holders of OP Units who exchange their OP Units for shares of our common stock shall be deemed to have owned their shares as of the date they were issued their OP Units. Neither the one-year holding period nor the Redemption Caps (as defined in the share redemption plan) will apply in the event of the death of a stockholder and such shares will be redeemed at a price equal to 100% of the price paid by the deceased stockholder for the shares without regard to the date of purchase of the shares to be redeemed; provided, however, that any such redemption request with respect to the death of a stockholder must be submitted to us within 18 months after the date of death, as further described in the share redemption plan. Our board of directors reserves the right in its sole discretion at any time and from time to time to (a) waive the one-year holding period and either of the Redemption Caps (defined in the share redemption plan) in the event of the disability (as such term is defined in Section 72(m)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code) of a stockholder, (b) reject any request for redemption for any reason, or (c) reduce the number of shares of our common stock allowed to be redeemed under the share redemption program. A stockholder’s request for redemption in reliance on any of the waivers that may be granted in the event of the disability of the stockholder must be submitted within 18 months of the initial determination of the stockholder’s disability, as further described in the share redemption plan. If our board of directors waives the one-year holding period in the event of the disability of a stockholder, such stockholder will have its shares redeemed at the discounted amount listed in the above table for a stockholder who has held its shares for one year. In all other cases in the event of the disability of a stockholder, such stockholder will have its shares redeemed as described in the above table. Furthermore, any shares redeemed in excess of the Quarterly Redemption Cap (as defined below) as a result of the death or disability of a stockholder will be included in calculating the following quarter’s redemption limitations. At any time we are engaged in an offering of shares of our common stock, the per share price for shares of our common stock redeemed under our redemption program will never be greater than the then-current offering price of our shares of our common stock sold in the primary offering. If we are engaged in a public offering and the redemption price calculated in accordance with the share redemption program would result in a price that is higher than the then-current public offering price of such class of common stock, then the redemption price will be reduced and will be equal to the then-current public offering price of such class of common stock.
We are not obligated to redeem shares of our common stock under the share redemption program. We presently intend to limit the number of shares to be redeemed during any calendar quarter to the “Quarterly Redemption Cap” which will equal the lesser of: (i) one-quarter of five percent of the number of shares of common stock
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outstanding as of the date that is 12 months prior to the end of the current quarter and (ii) the aggregate number of shares sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan in the immediately preceding quarter, less the number of shares redeemed in the most recently completed quarter in excess of such quarter’s applicable redemption cap due to qualifying death or disability requests of a stockholder or stockholders during such quarter, which amount may be less than the Aggregate Redemption Cap described below. In addition, our board of directors retains the right, but is not obligated to, redeem additional shares if, in its sole discretion, it determines that it is in our best interest to do so, provided that we will not redeem during any consecutive 12-month period more than five percent of the number of shares of common stock outstanding at the beginning of such 12-month period (referred to herein as the “Aggregate Redemption Cap” and together with the Quarterly Redemption Cap, the “Redemption Caps”) unless permitted to do so by applicable regulatory authorities. Although we presently intend to redeem shares pursuant to the above-referenced methodology, to the extent that the aggregate proceeds received from the sale of shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan in any quarter are not sufficient to fund redemption requests, our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, choose to use other sources of funds to redeem shares of our common stock, up to the Aggregate Redemption Cap. Such sources of funds could include cash on hand, cash available from borrowings, cash from the sale of our shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan in other quarters, and cash from liquidations of securities investments, to the extent that such funds are not otherwise dedicated to a particular use, such as working capital, distributions to stockholders, debt repayment, purchases of real property, debt related or other investments, or redemptions of OP Units. Our board of directors has no obligation to use other sources to redeem shares of our common stock under any circumstances. Our board of directors may, but is not obligated to, increase the Aggregate Redemption Cap but may only do so in reliance on an applicable no-action letter issued or other guidance provided by the SEC staff that would not object to such an increase. There can be no assurance that our board of directors will increase either of the Redemption Caps at any time, nor can there be assurance that our board of directors will be able to obtain, if necessary, a no-action letter from the SEC staff. In any event, the number of shares of our common stock that we may redeem will be limited by the funds available from purchases pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, cash on hand, cash available from borrowings and cash from liquidations of securities or debt related investments as of the end of the applicable quarter.
Our board of directors reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to limit the number of shares to be redeemed for each class of shares by applying the Quarterly Redemption Cap on a per class basis; provided that any such change in the application of the Quarterly Redemption Cap from a general basis to a per class basis would not jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In order for our board of directors to change the application of the Quarterly Redemption Cap from a general basis to a per class basis, we will notify stockholders through a prospectus supplement and/or a special or periodic report filed with the SEC, as well as in a press release or on our website, at least 10 days before the first business day of the quarter for which the new application will apply.
Our board of directors approved and adopted the Second Amended and Restated Share Redemption Program (the “Amended SRP”), which took effect on October 31, 2016. The Amended SRP will continue to provide eligible stockholders with limited, interim liquidity by enabling them to present for redemption all or a portion of their shares. Subject to the limitations of the Amended SRP and the special pricing applicable to redemptions in connection with the death of a stockholder, as described above, stockholders may redeem shares under the Amended SRP at a price equal to or at a discount from the initial purchase price such stockholder paid for the shares being redeemed and the amount of the discount will vary based upon the length of time that such stockholder held the shares subject to redemption, as described in the table above. The share redemption program was amended to reflect that if we are no longer engaged in a public offering of primary shares, the redemption price will continue to be calculated in accordance with the above table (subject to the limitations and exceptions described in the program); provided, that, if the redemption price calculated in accordance with the terms of the share redemption program would result in a price that is higher than the estimated NAV per share of the Class A shares and the Class T Shares, respectively, most recently disclosed by us in a public filing with the SEC, then the redemption price will be equal to the respective estimated NAV per share most recently disclosed by us in a public filing with the SEC. The other terms of the share redemption program were not changed.
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Our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, amend, suspend, or terminate the Amended SRP at any time if it determines that the funds available to fund the share redemption program are needed for other business or operational purposes or that amendment, suspension or termination of the Amended SRP is in the best interest of our stockholders. Any amendment, suspension or termination of the Amended SRP will not affect the rights of holders of OP Units to cause us to redeem their OP Units for, at our sole discretion, shares of our common stock, cash, or a combination of both pursuant to the Operating Partnership agreement. In addition, our board of directors, in its sole discretion, may determine at any time to modify the Amended SRP to redeem shares at a price that is higher or lower than the price paid for the shares by the redeeming stockholder. Any such price modification may be arbitrarily determined by our board of directors, or may be determined on a different basis, including but not limited to a price equal to an estimated value per share or the then current net asset value per share. If our board of directors decides to materially amend, suspend or terminate the Amended SRP, we will provide stockholders with no less than 30 days’ prior written notice, which we will provide by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC. During a public offering, we will also include this information in a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement, as then required under the federal securities laws. Therefore, our stockholders may not have the opportunity to make a redemption request prior to any potential suspension, amendment or termination of the Amended SRP.
Based on the estimated NAV per share of our common stock determined by our board of directors on December 22, 2016, we have repurchased shares of our common stock at prices that are higher than the estimated NAV per share and, accordingly, these repurchases have been dilutive to our remaining stockholders. The above description of the Amended SRP is a summary of certain of the terms of the Amended SRP. Please see the full text of the Amended SRP, which is incorporated by reference as Exhibit 4.2 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for all the terms and conditions.
For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we received eligible redemption requests related to approximately 605,000 and 105,000 shares of our common stock, respectively, all of which we redeemed using cash flows from financing activities, for an aggregate amount of approximately $5.9 million, or an average price of $9.73 per share for 2016, and $1.0 million, or an average price of $9.85 per share for 2015.
The table below summarizes the redemption activity for the three months ended December 31, 2016:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
For the Month Ended | | Total
Number
of Shares
Redeemed | | | Average
Price Paid
per Share | | | Total Number of
Shares Redeemed as
Part of Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs | | | Maximum Number of
Shares That May Yet
Be Redeemed Under
the Plans or
Programs (1) | |
October 31, 2016 | | | — | | | $ | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
November 30, 2016 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
December 31, 2016 | | | 253,411 | | | | 9.87 | | | | 253,411 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 253,411 | | | $ | 9.87 | | | | 253,411 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | We limit the number of shares that may be redeemed under the program as described above. |
Dividends
Each year, we must distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends and deemed distributions of retained capital gain, to our stockholders in an aggregate amount at least equal to the sum of 90% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain or loss, 90% of our after-tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property, minus the sum of certain items of non-cash income. We will pay federal income tax on taxable income, including net capital gain, which we do not distribute to stockholders. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute with respect to each year, at least the sum of 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year, 95% of our REIT capital gain income for such year, and any undistributed taxable
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income from prior periods, we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the amounts we actually distribute. Distributions will be authorized at the discretion of our board of directors, in accordance with our earnings, cash flow and general financial condition. Our board’s discretion will be directed, in substantial part, by its obligation to cause us to comply with the REIT requirements. Because we may receive income from interest or rents at various times during our fiscal year, and because our board may take various factors into consideration in setting distributions, distributions may not reflect our income earned in that particular distribution period and may be made in advance of actual receipt of funds in an attempt to make distributions relatively uniform. Our organizational documents permit us to pay distributions from any source, including offering proceeds. We are authorized to borrow money, issue new securities or sell assets in order to make distributions. There are no restrictions on the ability of the Operating Partnership to transfer funds to us.
For the first and second quarters of 2015, our board of directors authorized daily distributions to all common stockholders of record as of the close of business on each day of the first and second quarters of 2015 at a quarterly rate of $0.12500 per share of common stock. Distributions for the first and second quarters of 2015 were aggregated on a quarterly basis and paid on April 15, 2015 and July 2, 2015, respectively, either in cash, or reinvested in shares of our common stock for those electing to participate in our distribution reinvestment plan.
For the third quarter of 2015, our board of directors authorized daily distributions to all common stockholders of record as of the close of business on each day of the third quarter of 2015 at a quarterly rate of $0.12500 per Class A share of common stock and $0.12500 per Class T share of common stock less the annual distribution fees that are payable monthly with respect to such Class T shares (as calculated on a daily basis). We did not have any Class T shares of its common stock outstanding prior to the third quarter of 2015. Distributions for the third quarter of 2015 were aggregated and paid on October 15, 2015, either in cash, or reinvested in shares of our common stock for those electing to participate in our distribution reinvestment plan.
For the fourth quarter of 2015 through the fourth quarter of 2016, our board of directors authorized daily distributions to all common stockholders of record as of the close of business on each day of the fourth quarter of 2015 at a quarterly rate of $0.13515 per Class A share of common stock and $0.13515 per Class T share of common stock less the annual distribution fees that are payable monthly with respect to such Class T shares (calculated on a daily basis). This distribution rate represented an increase of $0.01015 per share, or 8.1%, compared to our quarterly distribution rate of $0.12500 per share for the third quarter of 2015. Distributions for the fourth quarter of 2015 through the fourth quarter of 2016 were aggregated and paid on January 13, 2016, April 4, 2016, July 5, 2016, October 5, 2016, and January 5, 2017, respectively, either in cash, or reinvested in shares of our common stock for those electing to participate in our distribution reinvestment plan.
For the first quarter of 2017, our board of directors authorized daily distributions to all common stockholders of record as of the close of business on each day of the first quarter of 2017 at a quarterly rate of $0.1425 per Class A share of common stock and $0.1425 per Class T share of common stock less the annual distribution fees that are payable monthly with respect to such Class T shares (calculated on a daily basis). This distribution rate represents an increase of $0.00735 per share with respect to the Class A shares and Class T shares, or 5.4%, compared to the quarterly distribution rate of $0.13515 per Class A share and Class T share (less the distribution fees that are payable with respect to such Class T shares, as calculated on a daily basis) for the fourth quarter of 2015 and for all of 2016. Distributions for the first quarter of 2017 will be aggregated and paid in cash or reinvested in shares of our common stock for those electing to participate in our distribution reinvestment plan, on a date determined by us that is no later than April 15, 2017.
We intend to accrue and make distributions on a quarterly basis. Quarterly distributions for each stockholder will be calculated for each day the stockholder has been a stockholder of record during such quarter. Distributions for stockholders participating in our distribution reinvestment plan will be reinvested into shares of our common stock. The distributions have been and may continue to be paid from sources other than cash flows from operating activities, such as cash flows from financing activities, which may include borrowings, net proceeds
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from primary shares sold in the Offering, proceeds from the issuance of shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, cash resulting from a waiver or deferral of fees or expense reimbursements otherwise payable to the Advisor or its affiliates, cash resulting from the Advisor or its affiliates paying certain of our expenses, proceeds from the sales of assets, and interest income from our cash balances.
There can be no assurances that the current distribution rate will be maintained. In the near-term, we expect that we may need to continue to utilize cash flows from financing activities, as determined on a GAAP basis, and cash resulting from the expense support received from the Advisor to pay our distributions, which if insufficient could negatively impact our ability to pay such distributions. For the year ended December 31, 2016, 38.5% of our total gross distributions were funded from operating activities, as determined on a GAAP basis, and 61.5% were funded from sources other than cash flows from operating activities, specifically 10.2% were funded with proceeds from financing activities, which consisted of debt financing, and 51.3% were funded with proceeds from the issuance of DRIP shares, as so elected by certain stockholders. For the year ended December 31, 2015, 10.1% of our total gross distributions were funded from operating activities, as determined on a GAAP basis, and 89.9% were funded from sources other than cash flows from operating activities, specifically 37.8% were funded with proceeds from financing activities, which consisted of debt financing, and 52.1% were funded with proceeds from the issuance of DRIP shares. See “Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for further detail regarding the Expense Support Agreement among us, the Operating Partnership and the Advisor.
The following table outlines sources used, as determined on a GAAP basis, to pay total gross distributions (which are paid in cash or reinvested in shares of our common stock through our distribution reinvestment plan) for the periods indicated below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Source of Distributions | | | | |
($ in thousands) | | Provided by
Operating
Activities (1) | | | Proceeds from
Financing
Activities (2) | | | Proceeds from
Issuance of DRIP
Shares (3) | | | Gross
Distributions (4) | |
2016 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31 | | $ | 10,126 | | | | 49.6 | % | | $ | — | | | | — | % | | $ | 10,271 | | | | 50.4 | % | | $ | 20,397 | |
September 30 | | | 9,216 | | | | 48.9 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,638 | | | | 51.1 | | | | 18,854 | |
June 30 | | | 8,410 | | | | 48.2 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,042 | | | | 51.8 | | | | 17,452 | |
March 31 | | | — | | | | — | | | | 7,410 | | | | 48.0 | | | | 8,040 | | | | 52.0 | | | | 15,450 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 27,752 | | | | 38.5 | % | | $ | 7,410 | | | | 10.2 | % | | $ | 36,991 | | | | 51.3 | % | | $ | 72,153 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
2015 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31 | | $ | — | | | | — | % | | $ | 4,899 | | | | 47.4 | % | | $ | 5,443 | | | | 52.6 | % | | $ | 10,342 | |
September 30 | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,392 | | | | 47.7 | | | | 3,725 | | | | 52.3 | | | | 7,117 | |
June 30 | | | 2,700 | | | | 48.2 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,900 | | | | 51.8 | | | | 5,600 | |
March 31 | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,756 | | | | 49.3 | | | | 1,806 | | | | 50.7 | | | | 3,562 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 2,700 | | | | 10.1 | % | | $ | 10,047 | | | | 37.8 | % | | $ | 13,874 | | | | 52.1 | % | | $ | 26,621 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Advisor waived asset management fees totaling $0.3 million and repayments to the Advisor pursuant to the Expense Support Agreement totaled $5.4 million. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Advisor deferred and/or waived asset management fees totaling $3.4 million. |
| (2) | For the periods presented, all distributions provided by financing activities were funded from debt financings. |
| (3) | Stockholders may elect to have distributions reinvested in shares of our common stock through our distribution reinvestment plan. |
| (4) | Gross distributions are total distributions before the deduction of distribution fees. |
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For the year ended December 31, 2016, our cash flows provided by operating activities on a GAAP basis were $37.7 million, as compared to our aggregate total gross distributions declared (which are paid in cash or reinvested in DRIP shares) of $72.2 million. For the year ended December 31, 2015, our cash flows used in operating activities on a GAAP basis were $7.1 million, as compared to our aggregate total gross distributions declared (which are paid in cash or reinvested in DRIP shares) of $26.6 million.
We believe that our aggregate FFO of $22.5 million, or $0.49 per share, as compared to the aggregate total gross distributions (which are paid in cash or reinvested in DRIP shares) declared of $103.2 million, or $1.61 per share, each for the period from Inception (August 28, 2012) to December 31, 2016, are not indicative of future performance as we are in the acquisition phase of our life cycle. Refer to Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for the definition of FFO, as well as a detailed reconciliation of our net loss to FFO.
Use of Proceeds
On July 24, 2013, our Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126), pursuant to which we are making our initial public offering of up to $2.0 billion in shares of common stock, was declared effective under the Securities Act, and the Offering commenced the same day. The Offering was extended by our board of directors in December 2016 until the earlier to occur of: (i) June 30, 2017; or (ii) the date on which we sell the shares that remain available for sale pursuant to the Offering. Refer to “Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for a description of the reallocation of shares from our distribution reinvestment plan to our primary offering and our expectation concerning the duration of the Offering.
The table below summarizes the gross offering proceeds raised; the direct selling costs paid from offering proceeds that were incurred by certain of our affiliates on our behalf in connection with the issuance and distribution of our registered securities; and the offering proceeds net of those direct selling costs:
| | | | |
(in thousands) | | For the Period from
Inception (August
28, 2012) to
December 31, 2016 | |
Gross offering proceeds | | $ | 1,582,558 | |
Sales commissions (1) | | | 77,757 | |
Dealer manager fees (1) | | | 35,659 | |
Offering costs | | | 29,332 | |
| | | | |
Total direct selling costs paid from offering proceeds (2) | | $ | 142,748 | |
| | | | |
Offering proceeds, net of direct selling costs | | $ | 1,439,810 | |
| | | | |
| (1) | The sales commissions and dealer manager fees are payable to the Dealer Manager. A substantial portion of the commissions and fees are reallowed by the Dealer Manager to participating broker dealers as commissions and marketing fees and expenses. |
| (2) | This amount excludes the distribution fees paid to the Dealer Manager, all or a portion of which are reallowed by the Dealer Manager to participating broker dealers or broker dealers servicing accounts of investors who own Class T shares, referred to as servicing broker dealers. The distribution fees are not paid from and do not reduce offering proceeds, but rather they reduce the distributions payable to stockholders with respect to Class T shares. |
From January 15, 2014, through December 31, 2016, we had acquired, either directly or through our 20.0% ownership interest in the BTC Partnership, 247 buildings comprised of approximately 39.8 million square feet for an aggregate total purchase price of approximately $2.9 billion., exclusive of transfer taxes, due diligence expenses, and other closing costs.
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As of December 31, 2016, we had paid $25.8 million in acquisition-related expenses to non-related parties. Refer to “Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for a description of the fees paid to the Advisor and its affiliates.
We used $36,000 of net proceeds from primary shares sold in the Offering to fund distributions for the initial quarter for which we declared distributions and the fourth quarter in 2013. The initial quarter commenced on September 6, 2013, which was the date that we met the minimum offering requirements in connection with the Offering, and ended on September 30, 2013.
Refer to “Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for a description of the fees paid to the Advisor and its affiliates.
Holders
As of March 6, 2017, we had 161.4 million shares of our common stock outstanding, held by a total of 41,730 stockholders, including shares held by our affiliates.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
For information regarding securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans, see “Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.”
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| ITEM 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Item 8, “Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.”
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands, except per share data, building count and number of customers) | | For the Year Ended December 31, | | | For the Period
from Inception
(August 28, 2012) to
December 31, 2012 (1) | |
| | 2016 (1) | | | 2015 (1) | | | 2014 (1) | | | 2013 (1) | | |
Operating data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | $ | 176,289 | | | $ | 51,134 | | | $ | 6,645 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Total operating expenses | | $ | (206,576 | ) | | $ | (83,006 | ) | | $ | (20,838 | ) | | $ | (530 | ) | | $ | — | |
Total other expenses | | $ | (27,897 | ) | | $ | (9,048 | ) | | $ | (1,001 | ) | | $ | (3 | ) | | $ | — | |
Total expenses before expense support from Advisor | | $ | (234,473 | ) | | $ | (92,054 | ) | | $ | (21,839 | ) | | $ | (533 | ) | | $ | — | |
Total expense support from (repayment to) Advisor | | $ | (5,111 | ) | | $ | 3,370 | | | $ | 3,496 | | | $ | 306 | | | $ | — | |
Net expenses after expense support from Advisor | | $ | (239,584 | ) | | $ | (88,684 | ) | | $ | (18,343 | ) | | $ | (227 | ) | | $ | — | |
Net loss | | $ | (63,295 | ) | | $ | (37,550 | ) | | $ | (11,698 | ) | | $ | (227 | ) | | $ | — | |
Net loss attributable to common stockholders | | $ | (63,326 | ) | | $ | (37,550 | ) | | $ | (11,698 | ) | | $ | (227 | ) | | $ | — | |
Net loss per common share—basic and diluted | | $ | (0.47 | ) | | $ | (0.72 | ) | | $ | (1.27 | ) | | $ | (2.49 | ) | | $ | — | |
Weighted-average shares outstanding | | | 133,524 | | | | 51,801 | | | | 9,229 | | | | 91 | | | | 20 | |
Distributions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total cash distributions declared | | $ | 72,153 | | | $ | 26,621 | | | $ | 4,422 | | | $ | 39 | | | $ | — | |
Cash distributions declared per common share | | $ | 0.541 | | | $ | 0.510 | | | $ | 0.469 | | | $ | 0.225 | | | $ | — | |
Total stock dividends declared | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 772 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Stock dividends declared per common share | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 0.131 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Company-defined FFO (2): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reconciliation of net loss to Company-defined FFO: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss attributable to common stockholders | | $ | (63,326 | ) | | $ | (37,550 | ) | | $ | (11,698 | ) | | $ | (227 | ) | | $ | — | |
Total NAREIT-defined adjustments (3) | | $ | 100,436 | | | $ | 30,864 | | | $ | 4,020 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Total Company-defined adjustments (4) | | $ | 37,121 | | | $ | 33,307 | | | $ | 12,100 | | | $ | 139 | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Company-defined FFO | | $ | 74,231 | | | $ | 26,621 | | | $ | 4,422 | | | $ | (88 | ) | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash flow data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | $ | 37,666 | | | $ | (7,132 | ) | | $ | (6,464 | ) | | $ | (338 | ) | | $ | — | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | $ | (1,147,557 | ) | | $ | (1,076,656 | ) | | $ | (417,519 | ) | | $ | (197 | ) | | $ | — | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | $ | 1,110,820 | | | $ | 1,083,098 | | | $ | 429,231 | | | $ | 3,205 | | | $ | 201 | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | |
| | | 2016 (1) | | | 2015 (1) | | | 2014 (1) | | | 2013 (1) | | | 2012 (1) | |
Balance sheet data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment in real estate properties | | $ | 2,478,329 | | | $ | 1,374,195 | | | $ | 412,769 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 8,358 | | | $ | 7,429 | | | $ | 8,119 | | | $ | 2,871 | | | $ | 201 | |
Total assets (5) | | $ | 2,610,933 | | | $ | 1,503,255 | | | $ | 433,955 | | | $ | 4,052 | | | $ | 201 | |
Debt, net (5) | | $ | 1,288,642 | | | $ | 609,033 | | | $ | 233,123 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Total liabilities | | $ | 1,404,963 | | | $ | 655,849 | | | $ | 247,076 | | | $ | 498 | | | $ | — | |
Total stockholders’ equity | | $ | 1,205,469 | | | $ | 847,405 | | | $ | 186,878 | | | $ | 3,553 | | | $ | 200 | |
Total gross equity raised (during the period) | | $ | 547,462 | | | $ | 806,170 | | | $ | 224,938 | | | $ | 3,787 | | | $ | 200 | |
Shares outstanding | | | 157,406 | | | | 102,985 | | | | 23,030 | | | | 420 | | | | 20 | |
Portfolio data (6): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total buildings | | | 242 | | | | 152 | | | | 41 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total rentable square feet | | | 38,744 | | | | 20,558 | | | | 5,755 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total number of customers | | | 477 | | | | 310 | | | | 93 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| (1) | The SEC declared our registration statement for the Offering effective in July 2013. We broke escrow in September 2013 and commenced real estate operations in January 2014 in connection with the acquisition of our first property. We are in the acquisition phase of our life cycle, and the results of our operations are primarily impacted by the timing of our acquisitions and the equity raised through the Offering. Accordingly, our year-over-year financial data is not directly comparable. |
| (2) | Refer to Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for the definition of Company-defined FFO, as well as a detailed reconciliation of our net loss to Company-defined FFO. |
| (3) | Included in our NAREIT-defined adjustments are real estate-related depreciation and amortization, impairment of depreciable real estate, and gains or losses on sales of assets. |
| (4) | Included in our Company-defined adjustments are acquisition and organization costs. |
| (5) | Pursuant to new accounting guidance that became effective January 1, 2016, deferred financing costs are now recorded as a liability, offsetting debt balances. In order to conform to the 2016 presentation, deferred financing costs of $6.0 million and $1.9 million for 2015 and 2014, respectively, have been reclassified from assets to liabilities. |
| (6) | Represents our total portfolio of owned and managed properties, including our consolidated and unconsolidated properties. Unconsolidated properties are those owned through our ownership interest in the BTC Partnership. Assumes 100% ownership of our unconsolidated properties. |
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| ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
The following discussion and analysis should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following information contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” above for a description of these risks and uncertainties.
OVERVIEW
General
Industrial Property Trust Inc. is a Maryland corporation formed on August 28, 2012 to make investments in income-producing real estate assets consisting primarily of high-quality distribution warehouses and other industrial properties that are leased to creditworthy corporate customers. We have operated and elected to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2013, and we intend to continue to operate in accordance with the requirements for qualification as a REIT. We utilize an UPREIT organizational structure to hold all or substantially all of our assets through the Operating Partnership.
On July 24, 2013, we commenced an initial public offering of up to $2.0 billion in shares of our common stock (the “Offering”), including $1.5 billion in shares of common stock offered at a price of $10.00 per share and $500.0 million in shares offered under our distribution reinvestment plan at a price of $9.50 per share. On September 6, 2013, we broke escrow for the Offering, and on January 15, 2014, we acquired our first property and began real estate operations.
On August 13, 2015, our board of directors unanimously approved an estimated NAV of our common stock of $9.24 per share based on the number of shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2015. The methodology used to determine the estimated NAV per share was determined in accordance with our valuation policy, utilizing certain guidelines applicable to non-traded REITs. See Item 5, “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities—Estimated Net Asset Value Per Share” for a description of the methodologies and assumptions used to determine, and the limitations of, the estimated NAV per share.
In connection with the determination of the estimated NAV per share, effective as of August 13, 2015, our board of directors determined to reclassify our common stock into Class A shares and Class T shares. We filed a post-effective amendment to our registration statement on August 14, 2015 in order to offer both classes of shares of our common stock as part of the Offering. On August 19, 2015, the SEC declared our post-effective amendment effective and we began offering for sale up to $1.5 billion in shares of common stock at a price of $10.44 per Class A share and $9.83 per Class T share, and up to $500.0 million in shares under our distribution reinvestment plan at a price of $9.92 per Class A share and $9.83 per Class T share. In each case, the offering price was arbitrarily determined by our board of directors by taking our estimated NAV as of June 30, 2015 of $9.24 per share and adding the respective per share up-front sales commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and offering expenses to be paid with respect to Class A shares and Class T shares, such that after the payment of such commissions, fees and expenses, the net proceeds to us is the same for both Class A shares and Class T shares.
On August 15, 2016, our board of directors determined to reallocate $325.0 million in shares previously allocated to the distribution reinvestment plan portion of the Offering to the primary portion of the Offering, such that an aggregate of $1.825 billion in shares are allocated to the primary offering and $175.0 million in shares are allocated to the distribution reinvestment plan. We reserve the right to reallocate shares further between the primary portion of the Offering and the distribution reinvestment plan.
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On December 22, 2016, our board of directors unanimously approved an estimated NAV of our common stock of $9.74 per share based on the number of shares issued and outstanding as of November 30, 2016. The estimated NAV per share was determined in accordance with our valuation policy, utilizing certain guidelines applicable to non-traded REITs. See Item 5, “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities—Estimated Net Asset Value Per Share” for a description of the methodologies and assumptions used to determine, and the limitations of, the estimated NAV per share. Also on December 22, 2016, our board of directors unanimously approved a new offering price of $11.01 per Class A share of our common stock and a new offering price of $10.36 per Class T share of our common stock, and $9.74 per share for shares purchased through our distribution reinvestment plan. The new Class A offering price and the new Class T offering price took effect with respect to subscriptions accepted by us after January 1, 2017. Accordingly, the estimated NAV per share of our common stock as of November 30, 2016 was 11.5% and 6.0%, respectively, lower than the offering prices with respect to Class A shares and Class T shares. The differences between the offering prices and the actual value per share will fluctuate depending on the actual value of our net assets per share at any given point in time. The offering prices have been rounded to the nearest whole cent throughout this report.
As of December 31, 2016, we had raised gross proceeds of approximately $1.6 billion from the sale of 157.9 million shares of our common stock in the Offering, including shares issued under our distribution reinvestment plan. As of that date, approximately $285.2 million in shares of our common stock remained available for sale pursuant to the primary offering in any combination of Class A shares or Class T shares, and $132.3 million in shares of our common stock remained available for sale through our distribution reinvestment plan. Our shares may be reallocated further by our board of directors for sale in the primary offering. See “Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for information concerning the Offering.
In February 2015, we admitted the BCIMC Limited Partner into the BTC Partnership, a joint venture that has and continues to jointly invest in industrial properties located in certain major U.S. distribution markets, and is targeted to be comprised of approximately: (i) 80.0% development investments and (ii) 20.0% core and value-add investments. As of December 31, 2016, we had a 20.0% ownership interest in the BTC Partnership. See “Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding our unconsolidated joint venture.
As of December 31, 2016, we owned and managed, either directly or through our 20.0% ownership interest in the BTC Partnership, a real estate portfolio that included 242 industrial buildings totaling approximately 38.7 million square feet located in 24 markets throughout the U.S., with 477 customers, and was 92.5% occupied (94.0% leased) with a weighted-average remaining lease term (based on square feet) of approximately 4.5 years. The occupied rate reflects the square footage with a paying customer in place. The leased rate includes the occupied square footage and additional square footage with leases in place that have not yet commenced. As of December 31, 2016:
| | • | | 231 industrial buildings totaling approximately 37.1 million square feet comprised our operating portfolio. Our operating portfolio consists of stabilized properties, which includes the four buildings classified as held for sale, and was 95.3% occupied (96.7% leased). |
| | • | | 11 industrial buildings totaling approximately 1.6 million square feet comprised our development and value-add portfolio, which includes buildings acquired with the intention to reposition or redevelop, or buildings recently completed which have not yet reached stabilization. We generally consider a building to be stabilized on the earlier to occur of the first anniversary of a building’s shell completion or achieving 90.0% occupancy. |
During 2016, we directly acquired 88 buildings comprising approximately 18.2 million square feet for an aggregate total purchase price of approximately $1.2 billion. We funded these acquisitions with proceeds from the Offering and debt financings. See “Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding our acquisitions. Additionally, during 2016, we sold to third parties five industrial
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buildings aggregating 1.1 million square feet for net proceeds of $54.2 million. The net cash flow generated from these dispositions is expected to be reinvested in future acquisitions.
As of December 31, 2016, we owned and managed 27 buildings totaling approximately 4.4 million square feet of the total 38.7 million square feet (discussed above) through our 20.0% ownership interest in the BTC Partnership. During 2016, the BTC Partnership acquired four buildings comprising approximately 0.2 million square feet for an aggregate total purchase price of approximately $19.2 million. Additionally, as of that date, the BTC Partnership had 10 buildings under construction totaling approximately 3.7 million square feet, and 10 buildings in the pre-construction phase for an additional 1.8 million square feet. See “Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding the BTC Partnership.
From January 2014 through December 2016, we had acquired, either directly or through our 20.0% ownership interest in the BTC Partnership, 247 buildings comprised of approximately 39.8 million square feet for an aggregate total purchase price of approximately $2.9 billion.
We have used, and intend to continue to use, the net proceeds from the Offering primarily to make investments in real estate assets. We may use the net proceeds from the Offering to make other real estate-related investments and debt investments and to pay distributions to stockholders. The number and type of properties we may acquire and debt and other investments we may make will depend upon real estate market conditions, the amount of proceeds we raise in the Offering, and other circumstances existing at the time we make our investments.
Our primary investment objectives include the following:
| | • | | Preserving and protecting our stockholders’ capital contributions; |
| | • | | Providing current income to our stockholders in the form of regular distributions; and |
| | • | | Realizing capital appreciation upon the potential sale of our assets or other liquidity events. |
There is no assurance that we will attain our investment objectives. Our charter places numerous limitations on us with respect to the manner in which we may invest our funds. In most cases these limitations cannot be changed unless our charter is amended, which may require the approval of our stockholders.
We may acquire assets free and clear of mortgage or other indebtedness by paying the entire purchase price in cash or equity securities, or a combination thereof, and we may selectively encumber all or only certain assets with debt. The proceeds from our borrowings may be used to fund investments, make capital expenditures, pay distributions, and for general corporate purposes.
We expect to manage our financing strategy under the current mortgage lending and corporate financing environment by considering various lending sources, which may include long-term fixed rate mortgage loans, unsecured or secured lines of credit or term loans, private placement or public bond issuances, and assuming existing loans in connection with certain property acquisitions, or any combination of the foregoing.
Industrial Real Estate Outlook
Overall, fundamentals for the U.S. industrial real estate sector continue to improve, primarily driven by the continued growth in the U.S. economy. Both U.S. gross domestic product (“GDP”) and consumer spending, including online retailing (or e-commerce), remain positive and we believe will continue growing over the next several quarters. There is a high correlation between these statistics and industrial warehouse demand. Further, forecasted growth in both employment and population levels is expected to drive consumer spending growth over the longer-term, leading to increased utilization of distribution warehouses. Additionally, the U.S. stock market responded favorably to the outcome of the presidential election and continues to set record highs in 2017 based on expectations that the new president’s policies will focus on significant fiscal stimulus, tax reform and deregulation. We expect moderate economic growth in the U.S. to continue in 2017, which will continue to drive positive demand for warehouse space as companies expand and upgrade their distribution platforms.
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While the U.S. economy has continued to improve, the global trade growth slowed during 2016 due to structural factors and increased restrictions on international trade, such as tariffs and quotas on imports. Commodity prices stabilized during 2016 and may further recover as planned production cuts from the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) may lead oil prices higher. Financial market conditions for developing countries tightened significantly following the U.S. elections as concerns over protectionism decreased currencies and increased bond yields globally. Heightened policy uncertainty in the U.S. and Europe will likely weigh on global trade and capital flows.
Despite global uncertainties, the U.S. industrial real estate sector continues to benefit from positive net absorption (the net change in total occupied industrial space) and rent growth in our primary target markets. Rental concessions, such as free rent, remain at historically low levels. Consistent with recent experience and based on current market conditions, we expect average net effective rental rates on new leases signed during 2017 to be higher than the rates on expiring leases.
Technological advancements, shifting consumer preferences, and the resultant supply-chain innovations have supported the growth of e-commerce. The dollar volume of retail goods purchased online continues to grow significantly, averaging a 14.7% annual increase compounded over the past five years, and comprises an increasing proportion of total retail sales. As online sales grow and more retailers adapt to changing consumer preferences and technologies, the need for highly-functional warehouse space near major cities is expected to increase.
The capital markets outlook for commercial real estate is less clear. The recent rise in interest rates and overall global uncertainty has resulted in flatter capitalization rates for industrial real estate over the past several months, which has resulted in slower increases in values and lower transaction volumes than in the prior year. Overall, while there seems to potentially be several years’ worth of runway for industrial real estate fundamentals to continue improving, there are uncertainties as to how real estate investors will price industrial real estate investments in a rising interest rate environment.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Summary of 2016 Activities
During 2016, we completed the following activities:
| | • | | We raised $547.5 million of gross equity capital from the Offering. |
| | • | | We directly acquired 88 industrial buildings, comprised of approximately 18.2 million square feet for an aggregate total purchase price of approximately $1.2 billion, exclusive of transfer taxes, due diligence expenses, and other transaction costs, plus the fair value of any debt assumed. We funded these acquisitions with proceeds from the Offering and debt financings. |
| | • | | We borrowed an incremental $756.5 million of debt capital under term loan facilities and mortgage notes, as well as increased average borrowings under our line of credit by $112.8 million as compared to average borrowings for the same period in 2015. |
| | • | | We entered into 11 interest rate swap agreements, with an aggregate notional amount of $597.0 million, to hedge LIBOR on our variable-rate mortgage note with an amount outstanding of $97.0 million as of December 31, 2016, on our $350.0 million term loan, and on $150.0 million of the borrowings under our line of credit. The interest rate swaps became effective during 2016 and effectively fixed LIBOR at a weighted-average rate of 1.06%, with an all-in interest rate ranging from 2.35% to 3.45%, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio. The interest rate swaps will expire between July 2020 and January 2023. |
| | • | | In January 2016, the IPT Limited Partner sold and assigned to the BCIMC USA Limited Partner a portion of its ownership interest in the BTC Partnership equal to a 31.0% interest in the BTC Partnership for a purchase price equal to $58.6 million. Refer to “Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial |
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| | Statements” for information concerning the admission of a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Advisor as a special limited partner of the BTC Partnership. Following these transactions, the IPT Partners collectively have a 20.0% ownership interest remaining in the joint venture, and the BCIMC Limited Partner, together with the BCIMC USA Limited Partner, own an 80.0% interest. |
| | • | | We completed and leased a development project for one building comprised of approximately 0.2 million square feet. In addition, through our 20.0% ownership interest in the BTC Partnership, we completed the development of two buildings comprised of approximately 0.6 million square feet. |
| | • | | We sold five industrial buildings aggregating 1.1 million square feet for net proceeds of $54.2 million and recognized gains of approximately $1.4 million. |
| | • | | As of December 31, 2016, we owned and managed, either directly or through our 20.0% ownership interest in the BTC Partnership, a real estate portfolio comprised of 242 industrial buildings totaling approximately 38.7 million square feet located in 24 markets throughout the U.S. |
We have been in the acquisition phase of our life cycle and as such, the results of our operations have been primarily impacted by the timing of our acquisitions and the equity raised through the Offering. Accordingly, our operating results for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 are not directly comparable, nor are our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 indicative of those expected in future periods.
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Results for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2015
The following table summarizes our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. We evaluate the performance of consolidated operating properties we own and manage using a same store analysis because the population of properties in this analysis is consistent from period to period, thereby eliminating the effects of any material changes in the composition of the aggregate portfolio on performance measures. We have defined the same store portfolio to include consolidated operating properties owned for the entirety of both the current and prior reporting periods for which the operations had been stabilized. Other properties include buildings not meeting the same store criteria. The same store operating portfolio for the periods presented below include 31 buildings totaling approximately 3.5 million square feet owned as of January 1, 2015, which portfolio represented only 10.3% of total rentable square feet and 13.2% of total revenues as of December 31, 2016.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the Year
Ended December 31, | | | | |
(in thousands, except per share data) | | 2016 | | | 2015 | | | Change | |
Rental revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Same store operating properties | | $ | 23,219 | | | $ | 23,270 | | | $ | (51 | ) |
Other properties | | | 153,070 | | | | 27,864 | | | | 125,206 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total rental revenues | | | 176,289 | | | | 51,134 | | | | 125,155 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Rental expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Same store operating properties | | | (6,137 | ) | | | (5,666 | ) | | | (471 | ) |
Other properties | | | (39,351 | ) | | | (7,149 | ) | | | (32,202 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total rental expenses | | | (45,488 | ) | | | (12,815 | ) | | | (32,673 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net operating income: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Same store operating properties | | | 17,082 | | | | 17,604 | | | | (522 | ) |
Other properties | | | 113,719 | | | | 20,715 | | | | 93,004 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total net operating income | | | 130,801 | | | | 38,319 | | | | 92,482 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other income and (expenses): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization | | | (96,629 | ) | | | (28,225 | ) | | | (68,404 | ) |
General and administrative expenses | | | (7,103 | ) | | | (4,612 | ) | | | (2,491 | ) |
Asset management fees, related party | | | (17,775 | ) | | | (5,532 | ) | | | (12,243 | ) |
Acquisition expenses, related party | | | (24,489 | ) | | | (22,390 | ) | | | (2,099 | ) |
Acquisition expenses | | | (12,420 | ) | | | (9,432 | ) | | | (2,988 | ) |
Impairment of real estate property | | | (2,672 | ) | | | — | | | | (2,672 | ) |
Equity in loss of unconsolidated joint venture | | | (535 | ) | | | (2,011 | ) | | | 1,476 | |
Interest expense and other | | | (28,726 | ) | | | (7,037 | ) | | | (21,689 | ) |
Net gain on disposition of real estate properties | | | 1,428 | | | | — | | | | 1,428 | |
Net loss on sell down of joint venture ownership interest | | | (64 | ) | | | — | | | | (64 | ) |
Total expense support from (repayment to) Advisor | | | (5,111 | ) | | | 3,370 | | | | (8,481 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total other income and (expenses) | | | (194,096 | ) | | | (75,869 | ) | | | (118,227 | ) |
Net loss | | | (63,295 | ) | | | (37,550 | ) | | | (25,745 | ) |
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | | | (31 | ) | | | — | | | | (31 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss attributable to common stockholders | | $ | (63,326 | ) | | $ | (37,550 | ) | | $ | (25,776 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average shares outstanding | | | 133,524 | | | | 51,801 | | | | 81,723 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss per common share—basic and diluted | | $ | (0.47 | ) | | $ | (0.72 | ) | | $ | 0.25 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | | | | |
(square feet in thousands) | | 2016 | | | 2015 | | | Change | |
Portfolio data: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consolidated buildings (1) | | | 215 | | | | 131 | | | | 84 | |
Unconsolidated buildings (1) | | | 27 | | | | 21 | | | | 6 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total buildings | | | 242 | | | | 152 | | | | 90 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Rentable square feet of consolidated buildings | | | 34,339 | | | | 16,956 | | | | 17,383 | |
Rentable square feet of unconsolidated buildings | | | 4,405 | | | | 3,602 | | | | 803 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total rentable square feet | | | 38,744 | | | | 20,558 | | | | 18,186 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total number of customers (2) | | | 477 | | | | 310 | | | | 167 | |
Percent occupied of operating portfolio (2)(3) | | | 95.3 | % | | | 93.2 | % | | | 2.1 | % |
Percent occupied of total portfolio (2)(3) | | | 92.5 | % | | | 91.1 | % | | | 1.4 | % |
Percent leased of operating portfolio (2)(3) | | | 96.7 | % | | | 97.4 | % | | | (0.7 | %) |
Percent leased of total portfolio (2)(3) | | | 94.0 | % | | | 95.6 | % | | | (1.6 | %) |
| (1) | Consolidated buildings include the addition during 2016 of one building related to a development project, and unconsolidated buildings include the addition during 2016 of two buildings related to development projects. |
| (2) | Represents our total portfolio of owned and managed properties, including our consolidated and unconsolidated properties. Unconsolidated properties are those owned through our ownership interest in the BTC Partnership. Assumes 100% ownership of our unconsolidated properties. |
| (3) | See “Overview—General” above for a description of our operating portfolio and our total portfolio (which includes our operating and development and value-add portfolios) and for a description of the occupied and leased rates. |
Rental Revenues. Rental revenues are comprised of base rent, straight-line rent, amortization of above- and below-market lease assets and liabilities, and tenant reimbursement revenue. Total rental revenues increased by approximately $125.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, primarily due to an increase in non-same store revenues, which was attributable to the growth in our portfolio. For the year ended December 31, 2016, non-same store rental revenues reflect the addition of 186 buildings we have acquired since January 1, 2015. In addition, non-same store rental revenues include the results of the five buildings we sold in the fourth quarter of 2016. Same store rental revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016 decreased slightly as compared to the same period in 2015. The average occupancy for the same store portfolio decreased by 1.5% from 98.3% as of December 31, 2015 to 96.8% as of December 31, 2016. This lower occupancy rate resulted in a decrease in rental revenues, which was partially offset by higher rental rates for new leases and renewals, and an increase in tenant reimbursement revenues.
Rental Expenses. Rental expenses include certain property operating expenses typically reimbursed by our customers, such as real estate taxes, property insurance, property management fees, repair and maintenance, and include certain non-recoverable expenses, such as consulting services and roof repairs. Total rental expenses increased by approximately $32.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, primarily due to an increase in non-same store rental expenses attributable to the significant growth in our portfolio since January 1, 2015. Same store rental expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 increased by 8.3%, primarily due to higher real estate taxes, an increase in non-recoverable expenses as a result of a customer vacating a property, and higher maintenance expenses as compared to the same period in 2015.
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Other Income and Expenses. Other income and expenses increased by $118.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to the same prior year period, primarily due to:
| | • | | an increase in real estate-related depreciation and amortization expense, asset management fees, and general and administrative expenses totaling an aggregate amount of $83.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, as a result of our increased level of acquisition activity and property operations during 2016, as well as a full year of ownership of our 2015 acquisitions. |
| | • | | an increase in interest expense of $21.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily due to: (i) an increase of $112.8 million in average net borrowings under our line of credit for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015; (ii) new financings under term loan facilities and mortgage notes for an aggregate amount of $756.5 million; and (iii) a higher aggregate weighted-average interest rate of 2.94% as of December 31, 2016, as compared to 2.08% as of December 31, 2015. |
| | • | | an increase in acquisition-related expenses of $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, as a result of a higher level of acquisition activity during the year as compared to 2015. |
| | • | | the reimbursement to the Advisor of previously deferred asset management fees and expense support payments pursuant to the Expense Support Agreement in the amount of $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. |
| | • | | an impairment charge of $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 related to four wholly-owned properties that were evaluated for impairment due to a change in management’s estimate of the intended hold periods, partially offset by a net gain in disposition of real estate properties of approximately $1.4 million. |
Results for the Year Ended December 31, 2015 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2014
The following table summarizes our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. Same store information is not provided due to the fact that our first building was not acquired until January 15, 2014, so there is not a full year of results for our 2014 acquisitions for the year ended December 31, 2014.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the Year Ended
December 31, | | | | |
(in thousands, except per share data) | | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | Change | |
Total rental revenues | | $ | 51,134 | | | $ | 6,645 | | | $ | 44,489 | |
Total rental expenses | | | (12,815 | ) | | | (1,580 | ) | | | (11,235 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total net operating income | | | 38,319 | | | | 5,065 | | | | 33,254 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other income and expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization | | | (28,225 | ) | | | (4,020 | ) | | | (24,205 | ) |
General and administrative expenses | | | (4,612 | ) | | | (2,236 | ) | | | (2,376 | ) |
Organization expenses, related party | | | — | | | | (17 | ) | | | 17 | |
Asset management fees, related party | | | (5,532 | ) | | | (902 | ) | | | (4,630 | ) |
Acquisition expenses, related party | | | (22,390 | ) | | | (8,168 | ) | | | (14,222 | ) |
Acquisition expenses | | | (9,432 | ) | | | (3,915 | ) | | | (5,517 | ) |
Equity in loss of unconsolidated joint venture | | | (2,011 | ) | | | — | | | | (2,011 | ) |
Interest expense and other | | | (7,037 | ) | | | (1,001 | ) | | | (6,036 | ) |
Total expense support from Advisor | | | 3,370 | | | | 3,496 | | | | (126 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total other income and expenses | | | (75,869 | ) | | | (16,763 | ) | | | (59,106 | ) |
Net loss | | | (37,550 | ) | | | (11,698 | ) | | | (25,852 | ) |
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss attributable to common stockholders | | $ | (37,550 | ) | | $ | (11,698 | ) | | $ | (25,852 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average shares outstanding | | | 51,801 | | | | 9,229 | | | | 42,572 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss per common share—basic and diluted | | $ | (0.72 | ) | | $ | (1.27 | ) | | $ | 0.55 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | | | | |
(square feet in thousands) | | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | Change | |
Portfolio data: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consolidated buildings (1) | | | 131 | | | | 41 | | | | 90 | |
Unconsolidated buildings | | | 21 | | | | — | | | | 21 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total buildings | | | 152 | | | | 41 | | | | 111 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Rentable square feet of consolidated buildings | | | 16,956 | | | | 5,755 | | | | 11,201 | |
Rentable square feet of unconsolidated buildings | | | 3,602 | | | | — | | | | 3,602 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total rentable square feet | | | 20,558 | | | | 5,755 | | | | 14,803 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total number of customers (2) | | | 310 | | | | 93 | | | | 217 | |
Percent occupied of operating portfolio (2)(3) | | | 93.2 | % | | | 98.0 | % | | | (4.8 | %) |
Percent occupied of total portfolio (2)(3) | | | 91.1 | % | | | 79.4 | % | | | 11.7 | % |
Percent leased of operating portfolio (2)(3) | | | 97.4 | % | | | 98.0 | % | | | (0.6 | %) |
Percent leased of total portfolio (2)(3) | | | 95.6 | % | | | 79.4 | % | | | 16.2 | % |
| (1) | Amount as of December 31, 2014 includes the seven buildings that were originally purchased in 2014 and subsequently deconsolidated in February 2015 in connection with the sale of our 49.0% ownership interest in the BTC Partnership. |
| (2) | Represents our total portfolio of owned and managed properties, including our consolidated and unconsolidated properties. Unconsolidated properties are those owned through our ownership interest in the BTC Partnership. Assumes 100% ownership of our unconsolidated properties. |
| (3) | See “Overview—General” above for a description of our operating portfolio and our total portfolio. Our total portfolio includes our operating and development and value-add portfolios. |
Rental Revenues. Total rental revenues increased by $44.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to the same prior year period, as a result of us owning the 34 buildings acquired during 2014 for the entire period, as well as the incremental results of the 97 buildings acquired during 2015.
Rental Expenses. Total rental expenses increased by $11.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to the same prior year period, as a result of us owning the 34 buildings acquired during 2014 for the entire period, as well as the incremental results of the 97 buildings acquired during 2015.
Other Income and Expenses. Other income and expenses increased by $59.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to the same prior year period, primarily due to:
| | • | | an increase in real estate-related depreciation and amortization expense and asset management fees as a result of our acquisition activity during 2015, as well as a full year of ownership for our 2014 acquisitions; |
| | • | | an increase in acquisition-related expenses as a result of a higher level of acquisition activity during 2015; |
| | • | | an increase in interest expense that was primarily due to: (i) an increase in average net borrowings under our line of credit of $205.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to the same period in 2014; (ii) new financings under a term loan and mortgage note for an aggregate amount of $350.0 million; and (iii) amortization of higher loan costs; |
| | • | | an increase in general and administrative expenses that was primarily due to: (i) reimbursement of expenses of the Advisor and its affiliates; (ii) higher accounting and legal expenses incurred primarily as a result of a higher level of acquisition activity; and (iii) higher transfer agent costs incurred due to an increased level of equity raised; and |
| | • | | our proportionate share of the BTC Partnership’s loss. |
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ADDITIONAL MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE
Net Loss and Net Operating Income (“NOI”)
We define NOI as GAAP rental revenues less GAAP rental expenses. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, net loss was $63.3 million, $37.6 million and $11.7 million, respectively, and NOI was $130.8 million, $38.3 million and $5.1 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, same store NOI was $17.1 million and $17.6 million, respectively. There was no same store NOI for the year ended December 31, 2014. We consider NOI to be an appropriate supplemental performance measure and believe NOI provides useful information to our investors regarding our financial condition and results of operations because NOI reflects the operating performance of our properties and excludes certain items that are not considered to be controllable in connection with the management of the properties, such as real estate-related depreciation and amortization, acquisition-related expenses, impairment charges, general and administrative expenses, and interest expense. However, NOI should not be viewed as an alternative measure of our financial performance since it excludes such expenses, which could materially impact our results of operations. Further, our NOI may not be comparable to that of other real estate companies as they may use different methodologies for calculating NOI. Therefore, we believe our net loss, as defined by GAAP, to be the most appropriate measure to evaluate our overall performance. Refer to “Results of Operations” above for a reconciliation of our net loss to NOI for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.
Funds from Operations (“FFO”), Company-Defined FFO and Modified Funds from Operations (“MFFO”)
We believe that FFO, Company-defined FFO, and MFFO, in addition to net loss and cash flows from operating activities as defined by GAAP, are useful supplemental performance measures that our management uses to evaluate our consolidated operating performance. However, these supplemental, non-GAAP measures should not be considered as an alternative to net loss or to cash flows from operating activities as an indication of our performance and are not intended to be used as a liquidity measure indicative of cash flow available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. No single measure can provide users of financial information with sufficient information and only our disclosures read as a whole can be relied upon to adequately portray our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations. Fees deferred or waived by the Advisor and payments received from the Advisor pursuant to the Expense Support Agreement described in “Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” are included in determining our net loss, which is used to determine FFO, Company-defined FFO, and MFFO. If we had not received expense support from the Advisor, our FFO, Company-defined FFO and MFFO would have been lower. In addition, other REITs may define FFO and similar measures differently and choose to treat acquisition-related costs and potentially other accounting line items in a manner different from us due to specific differences in investment and operating strategy or for other reasons.
FFO. As defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), FFO is a non-GAAP measure that excludes certain items such as real estate-related depreciation and amortization, impairment of depreciable real estate, and gains or losses on the sale of assets. We believe FFO is a meaningful supplemental measure of our operating performance that is useful to investors because depreciation and amortization in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. By excluding gains or losses on sales of assets, we believe FFO provides a helpful additional measure of our consolidated operating performance on a comparative basis. We use FFO as an indication of our consolidated operating performance and as a guide to making decisions about future investments.
Company-defined FFO. Similar to FFO, Company-defined FFO is a non-GAAP measure that excludes real estate-related depreciation and amortization, impairment of depreciable real estate, and gains or losses on sales of assets, and also excludes acquisition-related costs (including acquisition fees paid to the Advisor) and organization costs, each of which are characterized as expenses in determining net loss under GAAP. Organization costs are excluded as they are paid in cash and relate to costs paid in conjunction with the organization of the Company. The purchase of operating properties is a key strategic objective of our business
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plan focused on generating growth in operating income and cash flow in order to make distributions to investors. However, the corresponding acquisition-related costs are driven by transactional activity rather than factors specific to the on-going operating performance of our properties or investments. In addition, if we acquire a property after all offering proceeds from our public offerings have been invested, there will not be any offering proceeds to pay the corresponding acquisition-related costs. Accordingly, unless the Advisor determines to waive the payment or reimbursement of these acquisition-related costs, then such costs will be paid from additional debt, operational earnings or cash flow, net proceeds from the sale of properties, or ancillary cash flows. As such, Company-defined FFO may not be a complete indicator of our operating performance, especially during periods in which properties are being acquired, and may not be a useful measure of the long-term operating performance of our properties if we do not continue to operate our business plan as disclosed.
MFFO. As defined by the Investment Program Association (“IPA”), MFFO is a non-GAAP supplemental financial performance measure used to evaluate our operating performance. Similar to FFO, MFFO excludes items such as real estate-related depreciation and amortization, impairment of depreciable real estate, and gains or losses on sales of assets, but includes organization costs. Similar to Company-defined FFO, MFFO excludes acquisition-related costs. MFFO also excludes straight-line rent and amortization of above- and below-market leases. In addition, there are certain other MFFO adjustments as defined by the IPA that are not applicable to us and are not included in our presentation of MFFO.
We are currently in the acquisition phase of our life cycle. Management does not include historical acquisition-related expenses in its evaluation of future operating performance, as such costs are not expected to be incurred once our acquisition phase is complete. In addition, management does not include organization costs as those costs are also not expected to be incurred now that we have commenced operations. We use Company-defined FFO and MFFO to, among other things: (i) evaluate and compare the potential performance of the portfolio after the acquisition phase is complete, and (ii) evaluate potential performance to determine liquidity event strategies. We believe Company-defined FFO and MFFO facilitate a comparison to other REITs that are not engaged in significant acquisition activity and have similar operating characteristics as us. We believe investors are best served if the information that is made available to them allows them to align their analyses and evaluation with the same performance metrics used by management in planning and executing our business strategy. We believe that these performance metrics will assist investors in evaluating the potential performance of the portfolio after the completion of the acquisition phase. However, these supplemental, non-GAAP measures are not necessarily indicative of future performance and should not be considered as an alternative to net loss or to cash flows from operating activities and are not intended to be used as a liquidity measure indicative of cash flow available to fund our cash needs. Neither the SEC, NAREIT, nor any regulatory body has passed judgment on the acceptability of the adjustments used to calculate Company-defined FFO and MFFO. In the future, the SEC, NAREIT, or a regulatory body may decide to standardize the allowable adjustments across the non-traded REIT industry at which point we may adjust our calculation and characterization of Company-defined FFO and MFFO.
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The following unaudited table presents a reconciliation of net loss to FFO, Company-defined FFO and MFFO:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the Year Ended
December 31, | | | For the Period
From Inception
(August 28, 2012) to
December 31, 2016 | |
(in thousands, except per share data) | | 2016 | | | 2015 | | | 2014 | | |
GAAP net loss applicable to common stockholders | | $ | (63,326 | ) | | $ | (37,550 | ) | | $ | (11,698 | ) | | $ | (112,801 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
GAAP net loss per common share | | $ | (0.47 | ) | | $ | (0.72 | ) | | $ | (1.27 | ) | | $ | (2.46 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reconciliation of GAAP net loss to NAREIT FFO: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
GAAP net loss applicable to common stockholders | | $ | (63,326 | ) | | $ | (37,550 | ) | | $ | (11,698 | ) | | $ | (112,801 | ) |
Add NAREIT-defined adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization | | | 96,629 | | | | 28,225 | | | | 4,020 | | | | 128,874 | |
Our share of real estate-related depreciation and amortization of unconsolidated joint venture | | | 2,499 | | | | 2,639 | | | | — | | | | 5,138 | |
Impairment of real estate property | | | 2,672 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,672 | |
Net gain on disposition of real estate properties | | | (1,428 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,428 | ) |
Net loss on sell down of joint venture ownership interest | | | 64 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 64 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NAREIT FFO applicable to common stockholders | | $ | 37,110 | | | $ | (6,686 | ) | | $ | (7,678 | ) | | $ | 22,519 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NAREIT FFO per common share | | $ | 0.28 | | | $ | (0.13 | ) | | $ | (0.83 | ) | | $ | 0.49 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reconciliation of NAREIT FFO to Company-defined FFO: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NAREIT FFO applicable to common stockholders | | $ | 37,110 | | | $ | (6,686 | ) | | $ | (7,678 | ) | | $ | 22,519 | |
Add Company-defined adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Acquisition costs | | | 36,909 | | | | 31,822 | | | | 12,083 | | | | 80,877 | |
Our share of acquisition costs of unconsolidated joint venture | | | 212 | | | | 1,485 | | | | — | | | | 1,697 | |
Organization costs | | | — | | | | — | | | | 17 | | | | 93 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Company-defined FFO applicable to common stockholders | | $ | 74,231 | | | $ | 26,621 | | | $ | 4,422 | | | $ | 105,186 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Company-defined FFO per common share | | $ | 0.56 | | | $ | 0.51 | | | $ | 0.47 | | | $ | 2.30 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reconciliation of Company-defined FFO to MFFO: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Company-defined FFO applicable to common stockholders | | $ | 74,231 | | | $ | 26,621 | | | $ | 4,422 | | | $ | 105,186 | |
Deduct MFFO adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Straight-line rent and amortization of above/below market leases | | | (12,636 | ) | | | (5,266 | ) | | | (719 | ) | | | (18,621 | ) |
Our share of straight-line rent and amortization of above/below market leases of unconsolidated joint venture | | | (505 | ) | | | (503 | ) | | | — | | | | (1,008 | ) |
Organization costs | | | — | | | | — | | | | (17 | ) | | | (93 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
MFFO applicable to common stockholders | | $ | 61,090 | | | $ | 20,852 | | | $ | 3,686 | | | $ | 85,464 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
MFFO per common share | | $ | 0.46 | | | $ | 0.40 | | | $ | 0.40 | | | $ | 1.87 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average shares outstanding | | | 133,524 | | | | 51,801 | | | | 9,229 | | | | 45,823 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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We believe that: (i) our FFO of $37.1 million, or $0.28 per share, as compared to the total gross distributions declared (which are paid in cash or reinvested in DRIP shares) in the amount of $72.2 million, or $0.54 per share, for the year ended December 31, 2016; and (ii) our FFO of $22.5 million, or $0.49 per share, as compared to the total gross distributions declared (which are paid in cash or reinvested in DRIP shares) of $103.2 million, or $1.61 per share, for the period from Inception (August 28, 2012) to December 31, 2016, are not indicative of future performance as we are in the acquisition phase of our life cycle. See “Capital Resources and Uses of Liquidity—Distributions” below for details concerning our distributions, which are paid in cash or reinvested in shares of our common stock by participants in our distribution reinvestment plan.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity
Our primary sources of capital for meeting our cash requirements during the acquisition phase of our life cycle include, and will continue to include, net proceeds from the Offering, including proceeds from the sale of shares offered through our distribution reinvestment plan, debt financings, cash resulting from the expense support provided by the Advisor, cash generated from operating activities, and asset sales. Our principal uses of funds are, and will continue to be for the acquisition of properties and other investments, capital expenditures, operating expenses, payments under our debt obligations, and distributions to our stockholders. Over time, we intend to fund a majority of our cash needs for items other than asset acquisitions, including the repayment of debt and capital expenditures, from operating cash flows and refinancings. There may be a delay between the deployment of proceeds raised from the Offering and our purchase of assets, which could result in a delay in the benefits to our stockholders, if any, of returns generated from our investment operations.
The Advisor, subject to the oversight of our board of directors and, under certain circumstances, the investment committee or other committees established by our board of directors, will evaluate potential acquisitions and will engage in negotiations with sellers and lenders on our behalf. Pending investment in property, debt, or other investments, we may decide to temporarily invest any unused proceeds from the Offering in certain investments that are expected to yield lower returns than those earned on real estate assets. These lower returns may affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. Potential future sources of capital include proceeds from secured or unsecured financings from banks or other lenders, proceeds from the sale of assets, and undistributed funds from operations.
We believe that our cash on-hand, anticipated net offering proceeds, proceeds from our line of credit, and other financing and disposition activities should be sufficient to meet our anticipated future acquisition, operating, debt service and distribution requirements.
Cash Flows. The following table summarizes our cash flows, as determined on a GAAP basis, for the following periods:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the Year Ended
December 31, | |
(in thousands) | | 2016 | | | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Total cash provided by (used in): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating activities | | $ | 37,666 | | | $ | (7,132 | ) | | $ | (6,464 | ) |
Investing activities | | | (1,147,557 | ) | | | (1,076,656 | ) | | | (417,519 | ) |
Financing activities | | | 1,110,820 | | | | 1,083,098 | | | | 429,231 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash | | $ | 929 | | | $ | (690 | ) | | $ | 5,248 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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2016 Cash Flows Compared to 2015 Cash Flows
Cash provided by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2016 increased by approximately $44.8 million as compared to the same period in 2015, primarily as a result of continued growth in our portfolio and operations. Cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2016 increased by approximately $70.9 million as compared to the same period in 2015, primarily due to an increase in our acquisition and development activity in the amount of $108.6 million, which was partially offset by the proceeds of $53.8 million received from the disposition of five industrial buildings during 2016. Cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2016 increased by approximately $27.7 million as compared to the same period in 2015, primarily due to an increase in our net borrowings of $291.5 million, offset by a decrease in net proceeds raised in the Offering of $239.4 million and an increase in distributions paid of $18.2 million.
2015 Cash Flows Compared to 2014 Cash Flows
Cash used in operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2015 increased by $0.7 million as compared to the same period in 2014, primarily as a result of a greater operating loss due to higher acquisition-related expenses, rental expenses, and general and administrative expenses as a result of acquiring 97 buildings during 2015, as well as a full year of owning and managing the 34 buildings that we acquired during 2014, all partially offset by higher levels of cash generated from working capital accounts. Cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2015 increased by $659.1 million as compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to the increase in acquisition activity during 2015 as compared to 2014, partially offset by the $72.1 million in proceeds received from the sale of 49.0% of our ownership interest in the BTC Partnership, which resulted in the deconsolidation of the Dallas Distribution Portfolio and the Peachtree Industrial Center, and the sale of the Tuscany Industrial Center to the BTC Partnership. Cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2015 increased by $653.9 million, primarily due to net proceeds raised from the Offering, and net borrowings under debt financings during 2015.
Capital Resources and Uses of Liquidity
In addition to our cash and cash equivalents balances available, our capital resources and uses of liquidity are as follows:
Line of Credit and Term Loans.As of December 31, 2016, we had an aggregate of $1.0 billion of commitments under our credit agreements, including $500.0 million under our line of credit and $500.0 million under our two term loans. As of that date, we had approximately $181.0 million outstanding under our line of credit with a weighted-average effective interest rate of 2.44%, which includes the effect of the interest rate swap agreements related to $150.0 million of the borrowings under our line of credit, and $500 million outstanding under our term loans with a weighted-average effective interest rate of 2.66%, which includes the effect of the interest rate swap agreements related to our $350.0 million term loan. The unused and available portions under our line of credit were $319.0 million and $289.7 million, respectively. Our $500.0 million line of credit matures in January 2020, and may be extended pursuant to a one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions, including the payment of an extension fee. Our $350.0 million term loan matures in January 2021 and our $150.0 million term loan matures in May 2022. Our line of credit and term loan borrowings are available for general corporate purposes, including but not limited to the acquisition and operation of permitted investments. Refer to “Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding our line of credit and term loans.
Mortgage Notes. As of December 31, 2016, we had property-level borrowings of approximately $617.9 million outstanding with a weighted-average remaining term of approximately 7.2 years. These borrowings are secured by mortgages or deeds of trust and related assignments and security interests in the collateralized properties, and had a weighted-average interest rate of 3.31%, which includes the effects of the interest rate swap agreement relating to our $97.0 million variable-rate mortgage note. The proceeds from our mortgage notes were used to partially finance certain of our acquisitions and/or pay down corporate debt. See “Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding the mortgage notes.
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Debt Covenants. Our line of credit, term loan and mortgage note agreements contain various property level covenants, including customary affirmative and negative covenants. In addition, our line of credit and term loan agreements contain certain corporate level financial covenants, including leverage ratio, fixed charge coverage ratio, and tangible net worth thresholds. These covenants may limit our ability to incur additional debt, to make borrowings under our line of credit, or to pay distributions. We were in compliance with all debt covenants as of December 31, 2016.
Offering Proceeds. As of December 31, 2016, the amount of aggregate gross proceeds raised from the Offering was $1.6 billion ($1.4 billion net of direct selling costs).
Distributions. We intend to continue to make distributions on a quarterly basis. For the year ended December 31, 2016, approximately 38.5% of our total gross distributions were paid from cash flows from operating activities, as determined on a GAAP basis, and 61.5% of our total gross distributions were funded from sources other than cash flows from operating activities, specifically 10.2% were funded with proceeds from financing activities, which consisted of debt financings, and 51.3% were funded with proceeds from the issuance of DRIP shares. Some or all of our future distributions may continue to be paid from sources other than cash flows from operating activities, such as cash flows from financing activities, which include borrowings and net proceeds from primary shares sold in the Offering, proceeds from the issuance of shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, cash resulting from a waiver or deferral of fees or expense reimbursements otherwise payable to the Advisor or its affiliates, cash resulting from the Advisor or its affiliates paying certain of our expenses, proceeds from the sales of assets, and our cash balances. We have not established a cap on the amount of our distributions that may be paid from any of these sources. The amount of any distributions will be determined by our board of directors, and will depend on, among other things, current and projected cash requirements, tax considerations and other factors deemed relevant by our board. For the first quarter of 2017, our board of directors authorized daily distributions to all common stockholders of record as of the close of business on each day of the first quarter of 2017 at a quarterly rate of $0.1425 per Class A share of common stock and $0.1425 per Class T share of common stock less the annual distribution fees that are payable monthly with respect to such Class T shares (calculated on a daily basis). This distribution rate represents an increase of $0.00735 per share with respect to the Class A shares and Class T shares, or 5.4%, compared to the quarterly distribution rate of $0.13515 per Class A share and Class T share (less the distribution fees that are payable with respect to such Class T shares, as calculated on a daily basis) for the fourth quarter of 2015 and for all of 2016. Distributions for the first quarter of 2017 will be aggregated and paid in cash or reinvested in shares of our common stock for those electing to participate in our distribution reinvestment plan, on a date determined by us that is no later than April 15, 2017.
There can be no assurances that the current distribution rate or amount per share will be maintained. In the near-term, we expect that we may need to continue to utilize cash flows from financing activities, as determined on a GAAP basis, and cash resulting from the expense support received from the Advisor to pay distributions, which if insufficient could negatively impact our ability to pay such distributions. See “Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for further detail regarding the Expense Support Agreement.
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The following table outlines sources used, as determined on a GAAP basis, to pay total gross distributions (which are paid in cash or reinvested in shares of our common stock through our distribution reinvestment plan) for the periods indicated below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Source of Distributions | |
($ in thousands) | | Provided by
Operating
Activities (1) | | | Proceeds from
Financing
Activities (2) | | | Proceeds from
Issuance of
DRIP Shares (3) | | | Gross
Distributions (4) | |
2016 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31 | | $ | 10,126 | | | | 49.6 | % | | $ | — | | | | — | % | | $ | 10,271 | | | | 50.4 | % | | $ | 20,397 | |
September 30 | | | 9,216 | | | | 48.9 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,638 | | | | 51.1 | | | | 18,854 | |
June 30 | | | 8,410 | | | | 48.2 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,042 | | | | 51.8 | | | | 17,452 | |
March 31 | | | — | | | | — | | | | 7,410 | | | | 48.0 | | | | 8,040 | | | | 52.0 | | | | 15,450 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 27,752 | | | | 38.5 | % | | $ | 7,410 | | | | 10.2 | % | | $ | 36,991 | | | | 51.3 | % | | $ | 72,153 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2015 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31 | | $ | — | | | | — | % | | $ | 4,899 | | | | 47.4 | % | | $ | 5,443 | | | | 52.6 | % | | $ | 10,342 | |
September 30 | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,392 | | | | 47.7 | | | | 3,725 | | | | 52.3 | | | | 7,117 | |
June 30 | | | 2,700 | | | | 48.2 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,900 | | | | 51.8 | | | | 5,600 | |
March 31 | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,756 | | | | 49.3 | | | | 1,806 | | | | 50.7 | | | | 3,562 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 2,700 | | | | 10.1 | % | | $ | 10,047 | | | | 37.8 | % | | $ | 13,874 | | | | 52.1 | % | | $ | 26,621 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Advisor waived asset management fees totaling $0.3 million and repayments to the Advisor pursuant to the Expense Support Agreement totaled $5.4 million. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Advisor deferred and/or waived asset management fees totaling $3.4 million. |
| (2) | For the periods presented, all distributions provided by financing activities were funded from debt financings. |
| (3) | Stockholders may elect to have distributions reinvested in shares of our common stock through our distribution reinvestment plan. |
Refer to “Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for further detail on distributions.
Redemptions. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we received eligible redemption requests related to approximately 605,000 and 105,000 shares of our common stock, respectively, all of which we redeemed using cash flows from financing activities, for an aggregate amount of approximately $5.9 million, or an average price of $9.73 per share for 2016 and approximately $1.0 million, or an average price of $9.85 per share for 2015. Based on the estimated NAV per share of our common stock determined by our board of directors in August 2015, we have repurchased shares of our common stock above the estimated NAV per share and, accordingly, these repurchases have been dilutive to our remaining stockholders. We are not obligated to redeem shares of our common stock under the share redemption program. We presently intend to limit the number of shares to be redeemed during any calendar quarter to the “Quarterly Redemption Cap” which will equal the lesser of (i) one-quarter of five percent of the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of the date that is 12 months prior to the end of the current quarter and (ii) the aggregate number of shares sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan in the immediately preceding quarter, less the number of shares redeemed in the most recently completed quarter in excess of such quarter’s applicable redemption cap due to qualifying death or disability requests of a stockholder or stockholders during such quarter, which amount may be less than the Aggregate Redemption Cap described below. However, to the extent that the aggregate proceeds received from the sale of shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan are not at a level sufficient to fund redemption requests, subject to the limitations as discussed in Part II, Item 5. “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities—Share Redemption Program,” our board of directors retains the right, but is not obligated to, redeem additional shares if, in its sole discretion, it determines that it is in our best interest to do so, provided that we will not redeem during any consecutive 12-month period more than five percent of the number of shares of common stock outstanding at the beginning of
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such 12-month period (referred to herein as the “Aggregate Redemption Cap” and together with the Quarterly Redemption Cap, the “Redemption Caps”) unless permitted to do so by applicable regulatory authorities. In addition, our board of directors has reserved the right to apply the Quarterly Redemption Cap on a per class basis as described in Part II, Item 5 “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchasers of Equity Securities—Share Redemption Program.”
Although we presently intend to redeem shares pursuant to the above-referenced methodology, to the extent that the aggregate proceeds received from the sale of shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan in any quarter are not sufficient to fund redemption requests, our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, choose to use other sources of funds to redeem shares of our common stock, up to the Aggregate Redemption Cap. Such sources of funds could include cash on hand, cash available from borrowings, cash from the sale of our shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan in other quarters, and cash from liquidations of securities investments, to the extent that such funds are not otherwise dedicated to a particular use, such as working capital, distributions to stockholders, debt repayment, purchases of real property, debt related or other investments. Our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, amend, suspend, or terminate the share redemption program at any time if it determines that the funds available to fund the share redemption program are needed for other business or operational purposes or that amendment, suspension or termination of the share redemption program is in the best interest of our stockholders. If our board of directors decides to materially amend, suspend or terminate the share redemption program, we will provide stockholders with no less than 30 days’ prior notice, which we will provide by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC.
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Status of Offering
A summary of our public offering, as of March 6, 2017, is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | Class A | | | Class T | | | Total | |
Amount of gross proceeds raised: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Primary offering | | $ | 986,810 | | | $ | 582,969 | | | $ | 1,569,779 | |
DRIP offering | | | 41,741 | | | | 11,281 | | | | 53,022 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total offering | | $ | 1,028,551 | | | $ | 594,250 | | | $ | 1,622,801 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Number of shares sold: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Primary offering | | | 97,217 | | | | 59,202 | | | | 156,419 | |
DRIP offering | | | 4,251 | | | | 1,151 | | | | 5,402 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total offering | | | 101,468 | | | | 60,353 | | | | 161,821 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of March 6, 2017, approximately $255.2 million in shares of common stock remained available for sale pursuant to the primary offering in any combination of Class A shares or Class T shares and $122.0 million in shares of common stock remained available for sale through our distribution reinvestment plan. The board of directors, in its sole discretion, may determine to further reallocate distribution reinvestment plan shares for sale in the primary offering.
Dispositions
In February 2017, we sold to third parties all four industrial buildings that were classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2016, for net proceeds of approximately $15.9 million. Total disposition fees and expenses were $0.8 million, which included $0.4 million that was paid to the Advisor. All of the buildings were located in the Atlanta market. Total net gain on the transaction was approximately $0.1 million.
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CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following table summarizes future obligations, due by period, as of December 31, 2016, under our various contractual obligations and commitments:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | Less than
1 Year | | | 1-3 Years | | | 3-5 Years | | | More than
5 Years | | | Total | |
Debt (1) | | $ | 37,802 | | | $ | 79,464 | | | $ | 757,505 | | | $ | 634,079 | | | $ | 1,508,850 | |
Future estimated distribution fees payable | | | 5,606 | | | | 11,255 | | | | 9,609 | | | | 482 | | | | 26,952 | |
Unfunded development commitments (2) | | | 3,530 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,530 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 46,938 | | | $ | 90,719 | | | $ | 767,114 | | | $ | 634,561 | | | $ | 1,539,332 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | Includes principal and interest on debt. See “Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for more detail. |
| (2) | Unfunded development commitments include estimated costs that we are obligated to fund under construction contracts assuming certain conditions are met. |
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
As of December 31, 2016, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition, changes in our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”), which provides guidance for revenue recognition and supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition.” The standard is based on the principle that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance specifically excludes revenue derived from lease contracts from its scope. ASU 2014-09 also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. The effective date for the standard is for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods therein. We plan to adopt the standard when it becomes effective for us, beginning January 1, 2018. The guidance permits two methods of adoption, the full retrospective method or the modified retrospective method with a cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application. The standard also allows entities to apply certain practical expedients. We have not determined which adoption method will be applied. Rental revenues and certain tenant reimbursement revenue earned from leasing our operating properties will be evaluated with the adoption of the lease accounting standard (as discussed below). Additionally, we do not expect the standard to significantly impact the accounting for sales of our properties. Our initial analysis of our non-lease related revenue contracts indicates that the adoption of this standard will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements; however, we are still in the process of evaluating ASU 2014-09.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“ASU 2016-01”), which requires: (i) all equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income; (ii) requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments; and (iii) eliminates the requirement for public entities to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the
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balance sheet. ASU 2016-01 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted for the accounting guidance on financial liabilities under the fair value option. We do not anticipate the adoption of ASU 2016-01 will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Subtopic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”), which provides guidance for greater transparency in financial reporting by organizations that lease assets such as real estate, airplanes and manufacturing equipment by requiring such organizations to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU No. 2016-02 requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. This classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases; however, the standard requires that lessors no longer capitalize certain initial direct costs (such as allocated payroll costs) that are incurred regardless of whether the lease is obtained, and instead expense them as incurred. As such, certain of these costs that are capitalizable under existing standards may be expensed as incurred after adoption of ASU 2016-02. We expect that substantially all of our leasing costs will remain capitalizable under this new standard. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We plan to early adopt the standard, beginning January 1, 2018. The guidance will be adopted using a modified retrospective transition, which will require application of ASU 2016-02 at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. Our initial analysis of our lease contracts indicates that the adoption of this standard will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements; however, we are still in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15 “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)” (“ASU 2016-15”), which provides specific guidance on eight cash flow classification issues and on reducing diversity in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. Current GAAP does not include specific guidance on these eight cash flow classification issues. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18 “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash,” (“ASU 2016-18”) which requires companies to include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 will require a disclosure of a reconciliation between the statement of financial position and the statement of cash flows when the statement of financial position includes more than one line item for cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents. Entities with material restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents balances will be required to disclose the nature of the restrictions. ASU 2016-15 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We do not anticipate the adoption of ASU 2016-15 will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. Upon the adoption of ASU 2016-18, we will update the presentation of restricted cash in our current statement of cash flows to conform to the new requirements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01 “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business” (“ASU 2017-01”), which clarifies the definition of a business. ASU 2017-01 adds further guidance that assists preparers in evaluating whether a transaction will be accounted for as an acquisition of an asset or a business. We expect most of our acquisitions of properties and portfolios of properties to qualify as asset acquisitions under the standard which permits the capitalization of acquisition costs to the basis of the acquired buildings. ASU 2017-01 is effective for periods beginning after December 31, 2017. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2017. Under this new standard, all acquisition costs will be capitalized instead of expensed, which as of December 31, 2016, would have included $36.9 million of acquisition expenses.
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INFLATION
Increases in the costs of owning and operating our properties due to inflation could reduce our net operating income to the extent such increases are not reimbursed or paid by our customers. Our leases may require our customers to pay certain taxes and operating expenses, either in part or in whole, or may provide for separate real estate tax and operating expense reimbursement escalations over a base amount. In addition, our leases provide for fixed base rent increases or indexed increases. As a result, most inflationary increases in costs may be at least partially offset by the contractual rent increases and operating expense reimbursement provisions or escalations.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Critical accounting estimates are those estimates that require management to make challenging, subjective, or complex judgments, often because they must estimate the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Critical accounting estimates involve judgments and uncertainties that are sufficiently sensitive and may result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions.
Investment in Real Estate Properties
When we acquire a property, we allocate the purchase price of the acquisition based upon our assessment of the fair value of various components, including to land, building, land and building improvements, and intangible lease assets and liabilities. Fair value determinations are based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize discount and/or capitalization rates, as well as certain available market information. The fair value of land, building, and land and building improvements considers the value of the property as if it were vacant. The fair value of intangible lease assets is based on our evaluation of the specific characteristics of each lease. Factors considered include estimates of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods, current market conditions and market rates, the customer’s credit quality and costs to execute similar leases. The fair value of above- and below-market leases is calculated as the present value of the difference between the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to each in-place lease and our estimate of fair market lease rates for each corresponding in-place lease, using a discount rate that reflects the risks associates with the leases acquired and measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the initial term plus the term of any below-market fixed rate renewal options for below market leases. In estimating carrying costs, we include estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, depending on local market conditions. In estimating costs to execute similar leases, we consider customer improvements, leasing commissions and legal and other related expenses. The purchase price allocation is preliminarily based on our estimate of the fair value determined from all available information and therefore, is subject to change upon the completion of our analysis of appraisals, evaluation of the credit quality of customers, and working capital adjustments within the measurement period, which will not exceed 12 months from the acquisition date.
Impairment of Real Estate Properties
We review our investment in real estate properties individually whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recorded for the difference between estimated fair value of the real estate property and the carrying amount when the estimated future cash flows and the estimated liquidation value of the real estate property are less than the real estate property carrying amount. Our estimates of future cash flows and liquidation value require us to make assumptions that are subject to economic and market uncertainties including, among others, demand for space, competition for customers, changes in market rental rates, costs to operate each property, and expected ownership periods that can be difficult to predict.
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| ITEM 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes. Our interest rate risk management objectives are to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows, and optimize overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, we plan to borrow on a fixed interest rate basis for longer-term debt and utilize interest rate swap agreements on certain variable interest rate debt in order to limit the effects of changes in interest rates on our results of operations. As of December 31, 2016, our debt instruments consisted of borrowings under our line of credit, term loans, and mortgage notes.
Fixed Interest Rate Debt. As of December 31, 2016, our consolidated fixed interest rate debt consisted of $150.0 million of borrowings under our line of credit, and $350.0 million of borrowings under one of our term loans, and $617.9 million under our mortgage notes, which, in the aggregate, represented approximately 86.1% of our total consolidated debt. The interest rates on these borrowings are fixed through the use of interest rate swap agreements. Interest rate fluctuations will generally not affect our future earnings or cash flows on our fixed interest rate debt unless such instruments mature or are otherwise terminated. However, interest rate changes could affect the fair value of our fixed interest rate debt. As of December 31, 2016, the fair value and the carrying value of our consolidated fixed interest rate debt were both approximately $1.1 billion. The fair value estimate of our fixed interest rate debt was estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis utilizing rates we would expect to pay for debt of a similar type and remaining maturity if the loans were originated on December 31, 2016. As we expect to hold our fixed interest rate debt instruments to maturity, based on the underlying structure of the debt instrument, and the amounts due under such instruments are limited to the outstanding principal balance and any accrued and unpaid interest, we do not expect that market fluctuations in interest rates, and the resulting change in fair value of our fixed interest rate debt instruments, would have a significant impact on our operating cash flows.
Variable Interest Rate Debt. As of December 31, 2016, our consolidated variable interest rate debt consisted of $31.0 million of borrowings under our line of credit and our $150.0 million term loan, which represented approximately 13.9% of our total consolidated debt. Interest rate changes on our variable rate debt could impact our future earnings and cash flows, but would not significantly affect the fair value of such debt. As of December 31, 2016, we were exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in interest rates on $181.0 million of consolidated borrowings. A hypothetical 10% change in the average interest rate on the outstanding balance of our variable interest rate debt as of December 31, 2016, would change our annual interest expense by approximately $0.1 million.
Derivative Instruments. As of December 31, 2016, we had 11 outstanding interest rate swaps that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, with a total notional amount of $597.0 million. See “Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for further detail on our interest rate swaps. We are exposed to credit risk of the counterparty to our interest rate swap agreements in the event of non-performance under the terms of the agreements. If we were not able to replace these swaps in the event of non-performance by the counterparty, we would be subject to variability of the interest rate on the amount outstanding under our debt that is fixed through the use of the swaps.
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| ITEM 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Industrial Property Trust Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Industrial Property Trust Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity, and cash flows for each of the years in thethree-year period ended December 31, 2016. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Industrial Property Trust Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in thethree-year period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Denver, Colorado
March 15, 2017
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INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY TRUST INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | |
(in thousands, except per share data) | | 2016 | | | 2015 | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | |
Net investment in real estate properties | | $ | 2,478,329 | | | $ | 1,374,195 | |
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture | | | 69,695 | | | | 94,331 | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 8,358 | | | | 7,429 | |
Restricted cash | | | 80 | | | | 3,580 | |
Straight-line and tenant receivables, net | | | 15,565 | | | | 5,185 | |
Due from affiliates | | | 30 | | | | 57 | |
Other assets | | | 23,251 | | | | 18,478 | |
Assets held for sale | | | 15,625 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 2,610,933 | | | $ | 1,503,255 | |
| | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | | $ | 21,912 | | | $ | 8,751 | |
Debt, net | | | 1,288,642 | | | | 609,033 | |
Due to affiliates | | | 31,006 | | | | 2,525 | |
Distributions payable | | | 19,609 | | | | 10,304 | |
Other liabilities | | | 43,527 | | | | 25,236 | |
Liabilities related to assets held for sale | | | 267 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 1,404,963 | | | | 655,849 | |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) | | | | | | | | |
Equity | | | | | | | | |
Stockholders’ equity: | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value—200,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding | | | — | | | | — | |
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share—900,000 shares authorized, 99,374 shares and 84,595 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | | | 994 | | | | 846 | |
Class T common stock, $0.01 par value per share—600,000 shares authorized, 58,032 shares and 18,390 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | | | 580 | | | | 184 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 1,402,611 | | | | 927,556 | |
Accumulated deficit | | | (212,807 | ) | | | (81,181 | ) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | | | 14,091 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total stockholders’ equity | | | 1,205,469 | | | | 847,405 | |
Noncontrolling interests | | | 501 | | | | 1 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total equity | | | 1,205,970 | | | | 847,406 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and equity | | $ | 2,610,933 | | | $ | 1,503,255 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
95
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY TRUST INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the Year Ended | |
| | | December 31, | |
(in thousands, except per share data) | | 2016 | | | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Rental revenues | | $ | 176,289 | | | $ | 51,134 | | | $ | 6,645 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 176,289 | | | | 51,134 | | | | 6,645 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Rental expenses | | | 45,488 | | | | 12,815 | | | | 1,580 | |
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization | | | 96,629 | | | | 28,225 | | | | 4,020 | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 7,103 | | | | 4,612 | | | | 2,236 | |
Asset management fees, related party | | | 17,775 | | | | 5,532 | | | | 902 | |
Acquisition expenses, related party | | | 24,489 | | | | 22,390 | | | | 8,168 | |
Acquisition expenses | | | 12,420 | | | | 9,432 | | | | 3,915 | |
Impairment of real estate property | | | 2,672 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Organization expenses, related party | | | — | | | | — | | | | 17 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | | 206,576 | | | | 83,006 | | | | 20,838 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating loss | | | (30,287 | ) | | | (31,872 | ) | | | (14,193 | ) |
Other expenses (income): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity in loss of unconsolidated joint venture | | | 535 | | | | 2,011 | | | | — | |
Interest expense and other | | | 28,726 | | | | 7,037 | | | | 1,001 | |
Net gain on disposition of real estate properties | | | (1,428 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Net loss on sell down of joint venture ownership interest | | | 64 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total other expenses | | | 27,897 | | | | 9,048 | | | | 1,001 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses before expense support | | | 234,473 | | | | 92,054 | | | | 21,839 | |
Total expense support from (repayment to) Advisor | | | (5,111 | ) | | | 3,370 | | | | 3,496 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net expenses after expense support | | | 239,584 | | | | 88,684 | | | | 18,343 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | | (63,295 | ) | | | (37,550 | ) | | | (11,698 | ) |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | | | (31 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss attributable to common stockholders | | $ | (63,326 | ) | | $ | (37,550 | ) | | $ | (11,698 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average shares outstanding | | | 133,524 | | | | 51,801 | | | | 9,229 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss per common share—basic and diluted | | $ | (0.47 | ) | | $ | (0.72 | ) | | $ | (1.27 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
96
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY TRUST INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the Year Ended | |
| | | December 31, | |
(in thousands) | | 2016 | | | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Net loss attributable to common stockholders | | $ | (63,326 | ) | | $ | (37,550 | ) | | $ | (11,698 | ) |
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net | | | 14,091 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders | | $ | (49,235 | ) | | $ | (37,550 | ) | | $ | (11,698 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
97
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY TRUST INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Stockholders’ Equity | | | | | | | |
| | | Common Stock | | | Additional
Paid-In
Capital | | | Accumulated
Deficit | | | Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Gain | | | Noncontrolling
Interests | | | Total
Equity | |
(in thousands) | | Shares | | | Amount | | | | | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2013 | | | 420 | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 3,815 | | | $ | (266 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 3,554 | |
Net loss | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (11,698 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (11,698 | ) |
Issuance of common stock | | | 22,622 | | | | 226 | | | | 225,484 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 225,710 | |
Share-based compensation | | | — | | | | — | | | | 202 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 202 | |
Offering costs | | | — | | | | — | | | | (25,573 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (25,573 | ) |
Redemptions of common stock | | | (12 | ) | | | — | | | | (122 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (122 | ) |
Dividends declared on common stock | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (5,194 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (5,194 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2014 | | | 23,030 | | | $ | 230 | | | $ | 203,806 | | | $ | (17,158 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 186,879 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (37,550 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (37,550 | ) |
Issuance of common stock | | | 80,038 | | | | 801 | | | | 805,369 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 806,170 | |
Share-based compensation | | | — | | | | — | | | | 465 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 465 | |
Upfront offering costs, including sales commissions, dealer manager fees, and offering costs | | | — | | | | — | | | | (80,903 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (80,903 | ) |
Trailing offering costs, consisting of distribution fees | | | — | | | | — | | | | (148 | ) | | | 148 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Redemptions of common stock | | | (83 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (1,033 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,034 | ) |
Distributions declared on common stock | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (26,621 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (26,621 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2015 | | | 102,985 | | | $ | 1,030 | | | $ | 927,556 | | | $ | (81,181 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 847,406 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (63,326 | ) | | | — | | | | 31 | | | | (63,295 | ) |
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 14,091 | | | | — | | | | 14,091 | |
Issuance of common stock | | | 55,048 | | | | 550 | | | | 546,912 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 547,462 | |
Share-based compensation | | | — | | | | — | | | | 933 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 933 | |
Upfront offering costs, including sales commissions, dealer manager fees, and offering costs | | | — | | | | — | | | | (36,104 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (36,104 | ) |
Trailing offering costs, consisting of distribution fees | | | — | | | | — | | | | (30,805 | ) | | | 3,853 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (26,952 | ) |
Redemptions of common stock | | | (627 | ) | | | (6 | ) | | | (5,881 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (5,887 | ) |
Preferred interest in Subsidiary REITs | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 500 | | | | 500 | |
Distributions on common stock and dividends on noncontrolling interest | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (72,153 | ) | | | — | | | | (31 | ) | | | (72,184 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2016 | | | 157,406 | | | $ | 1,574 | | | $ | 1,402,611 | | | $ | (212,807 | ) | | $ | 14,091 | | | $ | 501 | | | $ | 1,205,970 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
98
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY TRUST INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the Year Ended | |
| | | December 31, | |
(in thousands) | | 2016 | | | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (63,295 | ) | | $ | (37,550 | ) | | $ | (11,698 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization | | | 96,629 | | | | 28,225 | | | | 4,020 | |
Equity in loss of unconsolidated joint venture | | | 535 | | | | 2,011 | | | | — | |
Straight-line rent and amortization of above- and below-market leases | | | (12,636 | ) | | | (5,266 | ) | | | (719 | ) |
Impairment of real estate property | | | 2,672 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Net loss on sell down of joint venture ownership interest | | | 64 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Net gain on disposition of real estate properties | | | (1,428 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Other | | | 3,030 | | | | 1,693 | | | | 518 | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tenant receivables, restricted cash and other assets | | | (2,244 | ) | | | (5,036 | ) | | | (334 | ) |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | | | 11,393 | | | | 7,806 | | | | 1,559 | |
Due from / to affiliates, net | | | 2,946 | | | | 985 | | | | 190 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | | 37,666 | | | | (7,132 | ) | | | (6,464 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate acquisitions | | | (1,186,441 | ) | | | (1,087,709 | ) | | | (408,004 | ) |
Acquisition deposits | | | (3,875 | ) | | | (15,187 | ) | | | (7,927 | ) |
Proceeds from the disposition of real estate properties | | | 53,772 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Capital expenditures and development activities | | | (35,051 | ) | | | (13,874 | ) | | | (1,588 | ) |
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture | | | (33,139 | ) | | | (66,230 | ) | | | — | |
Net proceeds from sale of joint venture ownership interest | | | 57,177 | | | | 72,146 | | | | — | |
Distribution from unconsolidated joint venture | | | — | | | | 34,198 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (1,147,557 | ) | | | (1,076,656 | ) | | | (417,519 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from line of credit | | | 851,000 | | | | 665,000 | | | | 258,700 | |
Repayments of line of credit | | | (935,000 | ) | | | (535,000 | ) | | | (23,700 | ) |
Proceeds from mortgage note | | | 506,480 | | | | 100,000 | | | | — | |
Proceeds from term loan | | | 250,000 | | | | 150,000 | | | | — | |
Financing costs paid | | | (6,138 | ) | | | (5,172 | ) | | | (2,193 | ) |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | | | 508,166 | | | | 777,184 | | | | 213,851 | |
Offering costs paid upon issuance of common stock | | | (29,372 | ) | | | (59,004 | ) | | | (16,192 | ) |
Distributions paid to common stockholders | | | (27,220 | ) | | | (9,046 | ) | | | (1,113 | ) |
Distribution fees paid | | | (3,496 | ) | | | (38 | ) | | | — | |
Redemptions of common stock | | | (3,600 | ) | | | (826 | ) | | | (122 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 1,110,820 | | | | 1,083,098 | | | | 429,231 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | 929 | | | | (690 | ) | | | 5,248 | |
Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of period | | | 7,429 | | | | 8,119 | | | | 2,871 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents, at end of period | | $ | 8,358 | | | $ | 7,429 | | | $ | 8,119 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest paid, net of capitalized interest | | $ | 25,235 | | | $ | 5,411 | | | $ | 761 | |
Mortgage notes assumed on real estate acquisitions | | | 11,400 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Deconsolidation of net assets in connection with sale of ownership interest in unconsolidated joint venture | | | — | | | | 124,586 | | | | — | |
Distributions payable | | | 19,609 | | | | 10,304 | | | | 2,368 | |
Redemptions payable | | | 2,495 | | | | 208 | | | | — | |
Future estimated distribution fees payable | | | 26,952 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Distributions reinvested in common stock | | | 32,163 | | | | 9,601 | | | | 973 | |
Non-cash capital expenditures | | | 3,739 | | | | 2,255 | | | | 533 | |
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
99
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY TRUST INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Unless the context otherwise requires, the “Company” refers to Industrial Property Trust Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The Company is a Maryland corporation formed on August 28, 2012.
The Company was formed to make equity and debt investments in income-producing real estate assets consisting primarily of high-quality distribution warehouses and other industrial properties that are leased to creditworthy corporate customers. Creditworthiness does not necessarily mean that the Company’s customers will be investment grade and much of the Company’s customer base is currently comprised of and is expected to continue to be comprised of non-rated and non-investment grade customers. Although the Company intends to focus investment activities primarily on distribution warehouses and other industrial properties, the charter and bylaws do not preclude it from investing in other types of commercial property, real estate debt, or real estate related equity securities. As of December 31, 2016, the Company owned and managed, either directly or through its 20.0% ownership interest in the BTC Partnership (as defined in “Note 6”), a real estate portfolio that included 242 industrial buildings. The Company operates as one reportable segment comprised of industrial real estate.
The Company currently operates and has elected to be treated as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for federal income tax purposes beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 2013, and the Company intends to continue to operate in accordance with the requirements for qualification as a REIT. The Company utilizes an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust (“UPREIT”) organizational structure to hold all or substantially all of its properties and securities through an operating partnership, Industrial Property Operating Partnership LP (the “Operating Partnership”), of which the Company is the sole general partner and a limited partner.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments and eliminations, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation in conformity with GAAP.
Basis of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Industrial Property Trust Inc., the Operating Partnership, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, as well as amounts related to noncontrolling interests. See “Noncontrolling Interests” below for further detail concerning the accounting policies regarding noncontrolling interests. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the period they are determined to be necessary.
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Reclassifications
Certain items in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet for 2015 have been reclassified to conform to the 2016 presentation. Net deferred financing costs have been reclassified from assets to liabilities and are presented in the balance sheets as a direct deduction from the debt liability.
Investment in Real Estate Properties
Upon acquisition, the purchase price of a property is allocated to land, building, and intangible lease assets and liabilities. The allocation of the purchase price to building is based on management’s estimate of the property’s “as-if” vacant fair value. The “as-if” vacant fair value is determined by using all available information such as the replacement cost of such asset, appraisals, property condition reports, market data and other related information. The allocation of the purchase price to intangible lease assets represents the value associated with the in-place leases, which may include lost rent, leasing commissions, tenant improvements, legal and other related costs. The allocation of the purchase price to above-market lease assets and below-market lease liabilities results from in-place leases being above or below management’s estimate of fair market rental rates at the acquisition date and are measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the remaining term of the lease, plus the term of any below-market fixed-rate renewal option periods, if applicable, for below-market leases. Intangible lease assets, above-market lease assets, and below-market lease liabilities are collectively referred to as “intangible lease assets and liabilities.”
If any debt is assumed in an acquisition, the difference between the fair value and the face value of debt is recorded as a premium or discount and amortized to interest expense over the life of the debt assumed. During 2016, one debt instrument was assumed at a fair value of $11.4 million. No debt was assumed in connection with the 2015 acquisitions. Costs associated with the acquisition of a property, including acquisition fees paid to Industrial Property Advisors LLC (the “Advisor”) are expensed as incurred. Properties that are probable to be sold are to be designated as “held for sale” on the balance sheet when certain criteria are met.
The results of operations for acquired properties are included in the consolidated statements of operations from their respective acquisition dates. Intangible lease assets are amortized to real-estate related depreciation and amortization over the remaining lease term. Above-market lease assets are amortized as a reduction in rental revenue over the remaining lease term and below-market lease liabilities are amortized as an increase in rental revenue over the remaining lease term, plus any applicable fixed-rate renewal option periods. The Company expenses any unamortized intangible lease asset or records an adjustment to rental revenue for any unamortized above-market lease asset or below-market lease liability when a customer terminates a lease before the stated lease expiration date.
Land, building, building and land improvements, tenant improvements, lease commissions, and intangible lease assets and liabilities, which are collectively referred to as “real estate assets,” are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Costs associated with the development and improvement of the Company’s real estate assets are capitalized as incurred. These costs include capitalized interest and development acquisition fees. The Company does not capitalize any other costs, such as taxes, salaries or other general and administrative expenses. See “Capitalized Interest” below for additional detail. Costs incurred in making repairs and maintaining real estate assets are expensed as incurred.
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization are computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives as described in the following table:
| | |
Land | | Not depreciated |
Building | | 20 to 40 years |
Building and land improvements | | 5 to 20 years |
Tenant improvements | | Lesser of useful life or lease term |
Lease commissions | | Over lease term |
101
| | |
Intangible lease assets | | Over lease term |
Above-market lease assets | | Over lease term |
Below-market lease liabilities | | Over lease term, including below-market fixed-rate renewal options |
Real estate assets that are determined to be held and used will be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, and the Company will evaluate the recoverability of such real estate assets based on estimated future cash flows and the estimated liquidation value of such real estate assets, and provide for impairment if such undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the real estate asset. If impaired, the real estate asset will be written down to its estimated fair value. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded approximately $2.7 million of non-cash impairment charges related to four wholly-owned properties that it acquired as part of a portfolio purchase in the Atlanta market. Due to a change in management’s estimate of the intended hold period of these properties, the Company reevaluated the fair value of the properties and determined that the net book value of the properties exceeded the estimated future undiscounted cash flows and the estimated liquidation value less costs to sell the properties, resulting in the impairment. As of December 31, 2016, the net book value of the properties equaled the estimated fair value, which had an aggregate total value of approximately $15.5 million. The Company has determined that its impairments are non-recurring fair value measurements that fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company did not record any impairment charges related to real estate assets.
Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Venture
The Company analyzes its investment under GAAP guidance to determine if the joint venture is not a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and whether the requisite substantial participating rights described in the GAAP guidance are held by the partners not affiliated with the Company. If the joint venture is not a VIE and the partners hold substantial participating rights, the Company accounts for its investment in the joint venture under the equity method. Under the equity method, the investment is initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted to reflect the Company’s proportionate share of equity in the joint venture’s income (loss) and distributions, which is included in investment in unconsolidated joint venture on its consolidated balance sheets. The Company additionally recognizes its proportionate share of the ongoing income or loss of the unconsolidated joint venture in equity in loss of unconsolidated joint venture on the consolidated statements of operations.
The Company evaluates its investment in the unconsolidated joint venture for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that there may be an other-than-temporary decline in value. To do so, the Company calculates the estimated fair value of the investment using various valuation techniques, including, but not limited to, discounted cash flow models, the Company’s intent and ability to retain its investment in the entity, the financial condition and long-term prospects of the entity, and the expected term of the investment. If the Company determined any decline in value is other-than-temporary, the Company would recognize an impairment charge to reduce the carrying value of its investment to fair value. No impairment losses were recorded related to the unconsolidated joint venture for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014. See “Note 6” for additional information regarding the unconsolidated joint venture.
Assets Held for Sale
The Company classifies a property as held for sale when certain criteria are met, in accordance with GAAP. Assets classified as held for sale are expected to be sold to a third party. At such time the property meets the held for sale criteria, the respective assets and liabilities are presented separately in the consolidated balance sheets and depreciation is no longer recognized. Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying amount or their estimated fair value less the costs to sell the assets. See “Note 7” for additional information regarding the assets held for sale. See “Note 7” for additional details.
102
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities at the acquisition date of three months or less.
Straight-line Rent and Tenant Receivables
Straight-line rent and tenant receivables include all straight-line rent and accounts receivable, net of allowances. The Company maintains an allowance for estimated losses that may result from the inability of certain of its customers to make required payments. If a customer fails to make contractual payments beyond any allowance, the Company may recognize additional bad debt expense in future periods equal to the net outstanding balances. As of December 31, 2016, and 2015 the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts was approximately $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively.
Derivative Instruments
The Company records its derivative instruments in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The Company’s derivative instruments are designated as cash flow hedges and are used to hedge exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, such as future interest payments. For cash flow hedges, the changes in fair value of the derivative instrument that represent changes in expected future cash flows, which are effectively hedged by the derivative instrument, are initially reported as other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of equity until the derivative instrument is settled. Upon settlement, the effective portion of the hedge is recognized as other comprehensive income and amortized over the term of the designated cash flow or transaction the derivative instrument was intended to hedge. As such, the effective portion of the hedge impacts net income in the same period as the hedged item. The change in value of any derivative instrument that is deemed to be ineffective is charged directly to net income when the determination of hedge ineffectiveness is made. For purposes of determining hedge ineffectiveness, management estimates the timing and potential amount of future interest payments in order to estimate the cash flows of the designated hedged item or transaction. The Company does not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Deferred Financing Costs
Deferred financing costs include fees and costs incurred to obtain long-term financing. These fees and costs are amortized to interest expense over the terms of the related credit facilities. Unamortized deferred financing costs are written off if debt is retired before its maturity date. Accumulated amortization of deferred financing costs was approximately $3.1 million and $1.3 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company’s interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 included $1.9 million, $1.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of amortization of financing costs.
Capitalized Interest
The Company capitalizes interest as a cost of development. Capitalization of interest for a particular asset begins when activities necessary to get the asset ready for its intended use are in progress and when interest costs have been incurred. Capitalization of interest ceases when the project is substantially complete and ready for occupancy. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, approximately $1.5 million and $0.5 million of interest was capitalized, respectively. There was no capitalized interest for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Distribution Fees
Distribution fees are paid monthly. Distribution fees are accrued upon the issuance of Class T shares. The Company accrues for: (i) the monthly amount payable as of the balance sheet date, and (ii) the estimated amount of distribution fees to be paid in future periods based on the Class T shares outstanding as of the balance sheet
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date. The accrued distribution fees are reflected in additional paid-in capital in stockholders’ equity. See “Note 14” for additional information regarding when distribution fees become payable.
Noncontrolling Interests
Due to the Company’s control of the Operating Partnership through its sole general partner interest and its limited partner interest, the Company consolidates the Operating Partnership. The limited partner interests not owned by the Company are presented as noncontrolling interests in the consolidated financial statements. The noncontrolling interests are reported on the consolidated balance sheets within permanent equity, separate from stockholders’ equity. As the limited partner interests do not participate in the profits and losses of the Operating Partnership, there is no net income or loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests on the consolidated statements of operations. Noncontrolling interests also represent the portion of equity in the acquired subsidiary real estate investment trusts (“Subsidiary REITs”), that the Company does not own. Such noncontrolling interests are equity instruments presented in the consolidated balance sheets as noncontrolling interests within permanent equity. See “Note 13” for additional information regarding the Subsidiary REITs.
Revenue Recognition
The Company records rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the full lease term. Certain properties have leases that offer the tenant a period of time where no rent is due or where rent payments change during the term of the lease. Accordingly, the Company records receivables from tenants for rent that the Company expects to collect over the remaining lease term rather than currently, which are recorded as a straight-line rent receivable. When the Company acquires a property, the term of each existing lease is considered to commence as of the acquisition date for purposes of this calculation.
Tenant reimbursement revenue includes payments and amounts due from tenants pursuant to their leases for real estate taxes, insurance and other recoverable property operating expenses and is recognized as rental revenue in the period the applicable expenses are incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, tenant reimbursement revenue recognized in rental revenues was approximately $41.4 million, $11.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively.
In connection with property acquisitions, the Company may acquire leases with rental rates above or below estimated market rental rates. Above-market lease assets are amortized as a reduction to rental revenue over the remaining lease term, and below-market lease liabilities are amortized as an increase to rental revenue over the remaining lease term, plus any applicable fixed-rate renewal option periods.
The Company expenses any unamortized intangible lease asset or records an adjustment to rental revenue for any unamortized above-market lease asset or below-market lease liability by reassessing the estimated remaining useful life of such intangible lease asset or liability when it becomes probable a customer will terminate a lease before the stated lease expiration date.
The Company recognizes gains on the disposition of real estate when the recognition criteria have been met, generally at the time the risks and rewards and title have transferred to the purchaser and the Company no longer has substantial continuing involvement with the real estate that was sold. The Company recognizes losses from the disposition of real estate when known to the Company.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for share-based compensation related to restricted stock issued to certain eligible individuals using a fair value based methodology, which is based upon the stock price on the grant date and requires the amount of related expense to be adjusted to the fair value of the award at the end of each reporting period until the awards have fully vested. Share-based compensation expense for restricted stock is amortized using a graded vesting attribution method and is recognized in general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
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Organization and Offering Expenses
Organization and offering expenses are accrued by the Company only to the extent that the Company is successful in raising gross offering proceeds. If the Company is not successful in raising additional equity proceeds, no additional amounts will be payable by the Company to the Advisor for reimbursement of cumulative organization and offering expenses. Organization costs are expensed in the period they become reimbursable and offering expenses associated with the Company’s public offerings are recorded as a reduction of gross offering proceeds in additional paid-in capital. See “Note 14” for additional information regarding when organization and offering expenses become reimbursable.
Income Taxes
The Company elected under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, to be taxed as a REIT beginning with the tax year ended December 31, 2013. As a REIT, the Company generally is not subject to federal income taxes on net income it distributes to its stockholders. The Company intends to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates. Even if the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, the Company may be subject to certain state and local taxes on its income and property and federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed income.
Net Loss Per Common Share
The Company computes net loss per common share by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period for each class. There are no class specific expenses and each class of common stock shares equally in the profits and losses of the Company. There were no dilutive shares for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In February 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-02, “Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis” (“ASU 2015-02”), which improves targeted areas of the consolidation guidance and reduces the number of consolidation models. The amendments in ASU 2015-02 are effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2016. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, “Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs” (“ASU 2015-03”), which requires debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability to be presented on the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the debt liability rather than as an asset, and in August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-15, “Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements” (“ASU 2015-15”), which expands guidance provided in ASU 2015-03. ASU 2015-15 states that it is permissible to present debt issuance costs as an asset and to subsequently amortize the deferred issuance costs ratably over the term of the line of credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line of credit arrangement. Both ASU 2015-03 and ASU 2015-15 are effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2016, and applied the provision retrospectively. The adoption resulted in the reclassification of unamortized debt issuance costs from assets to liabilities. The December 31, 2015 balance sheet was adjusted as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, 2015 | |
(in thousands) | | As
Reported | | | As
Adjusted | |
Assets: | | | | | | | | |
Deferred financing costs, net | | $ | 5,967 | | | $ | — | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Debt, net | | | 615,000 | | | | 609,033 | |
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Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”), which provides guidance for revenue recognition and supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition.” The standard is based on the principle that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance specifically excludes revenue derived from lease contracts from its scope. ASU 2014-09 also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. The effective date for the standard is for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods therein. The Company plans to adopt the standard when it becomes effective for the Company, beginning January 1, 2018. The guidance permits two methods of adoption, the full retrospective method or the modified retrospective method with a cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application. The standard also allows entities to apply certain practical expedients. The Company has not determined which adoption method will be applied. Rental revenues and certain tenant reimbursement revenue earned from leasing our operating properties will be evaluated with the adoption of the lease accounting standard (as discussed below). Additionally, the Company does not expect the standard to significantly impact the accounting for sales of its properties. The Company’s initial analysis of its non-lease related revenue contracts indicates that the adoption of the standard will not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements; however, the Company is still in the process of evaluating ASU-2014-09.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“ASU 2016-01”), which requires: (i) all equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income; (ii) requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments; and (iii) eliminates the requirement for public entities to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-01 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted for the accounting guidance on financial liabilities under the fair value option. The Company does not anticipate the adoption of ASU 2016-01 will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Subtopic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”), which provides guidance for greater transparency in financial reporting by organizations that lease assets such as real estate, airplanes and manufacturing equipment by requiring such organizations to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU No. 2016-02 requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. This classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases ; however, the standard requires that lessors no longer capitalize certain initial direct costs (such as allocated payroll costs) that are incurred regardless of whether the lease is obtained, and instead expense them as incurred. As such, certain of these costs that are capitalizable under existing standards may be expensed as incurred after adoption of ASU 2016-02. The Company expects that substantially all of our leasing costs will remain capitalizable under this new standard. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early
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adoption permitted. The Company plans to early adopt the standard, beginning January 1, 2018. The guidance will be adopted using a modified retrospective transition, which will require application of ASU 2016-02 at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. The Company’s initial analysis of its lease contracts indicates that the adoption of this standard will not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements; however, the Company is still in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15 “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)” (“ASU 2016-15”), which provides guidance on eight cash flow classification issues and on reducing diversity in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. Current GAAP does not include specific guidance on these eight cash flow classification issues. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18 “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash,” (“ASU 2016-18”) which requires companies to include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 will require a disclosure of a reconciliation between the statement of financial position and the statement of cash flows when the statement of financial position includes more than one line item for cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents. Entities with material restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents balances will be required to disclose the nature of the restrictions. ASU 2016-15 and ASU 2016-18 are effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not anticipate the adoption of ASU 2016-15 will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements. Upon the adoption of ASU 2016-18, the Company will update the presentation of restricted cash in its current statement of cash flows to conform to the new requirements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01 “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business” (“ASU 2017-01”), which clarifies the definition of a business. ASU 2017-01 adds further guidance that assists preparers in evaluating whether a transaction will be accounted for as an asset acquisition or a business combination. The Company expects most of its acquisitions to qualify as asset acquisitions under the standard which requires the capitalization of transaction costs to the basis of the acquired assets. ASU 2017-01 is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2017. Under this new standard, all acquisition costs will be capitalized instead of expensed, which as of December 31, 2016, would have included $36.9 million of acquisition expenses.
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3. ACQUISITIONS
The Company acquired 100% of the following properties during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Intangibles | | | | |
($ in thousands) | | Acquisition
Date | | | Number
of
Buildings | | | Land | | | Building | | | Intangible
Lease
Assets | | | Above-
Market
Lease
Assets | | | Below-
Market
Lease
Liabilities | | | Total
Purchase
Price (1) | |
2016 Acquisitions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Northwest Industrial Center | | | 1/5/2016 | | | | 3 | | | $ | 13,441 | | | $ | 12,633 | | | $ | 2,554 | | | $ | 81 | | | $ | (274 | ) | | $ | 28,435 | |
Golden State Portfolio | | | 1/12/2016 | | | | 4 | | | | 9,128 | | | | 4,874 | | | | 1,183 | | | | 131 | | | | (19 | ) | | | 15,297 | |
Victory Industrial Portfolio (5) | | | 1/13/2016 | | | | 5 | | | | 9,712 | | | | 44,493 | | | | 5,965 | | | | 461 | | | | (1,811 | ) | | | 58,820 | |
GSW Distribution Center | | | 1/27/2016 | | | | 1 | | | | 3,676 | | | | 13,327 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 17,003 | |
National Distribution Portfolio | | | 1/29/2016 | | | | 7 | | | | 10,693 | | | | 92,746 | | | | 11,748 | | | | 659 | | | | (1,346 | ) | | | 114,500 | |
Lehigh Valley Distribution Center II (2) | | | 3/7/2016 | | | | 1 | | | | 7,093 | | | | 19,778 | | | | 1,092 | | | | — | | | | (70 | ) | | | 27,893 | |
Kent Industrial Portfolio | | | 3/28/2016 | | | | 4 | | | | 9,813 | | | | 20,042 | | | | 2,046 | | | | 40 | | | | (444 | ) | | | 31,497 | |
Auburn 167 Industrial Center | | | 4/14/2016 | | | | 3 | | | | 6,934 | | | | 13,447 | | | | 1,605 | | | | 140 | | | | (137 | ) | | | 21,989 | |
Corona Industrial Center | | | 4/27/2016 | | | | 1 | | | | 10,958 | | | | 8,882 | | | | 553 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 20,393 | |
National Distribution Portfolio II | | | 5/19/2016 | | | | 7 | | | | 43,459 | | | | 134,781 | | | | 9,917 | | | | 407 | | | | (1,064 | ) | | | 187,500 | |
Carlisle Distribution Center | | | 5/19/2016 | | | | 1 | | | | 7,892 | | | | 19,595 | | | | 1,925 | | | | — | | | | (563 | ) | | | 28,849 | |
Central Valley Portfolio | | | 5/24/2016 | | | | 3 | | | | 8,239 | | | | 29,603 | | | | 3,998 | | | | — | | | | (396 | ) | | | 41,444 | |
Cheyenne Distribution Center | | | 5/25/2016 | | | | 1 | | | | 5,200 | | | | 22,320 | | | | 2,647 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 30,167 | |
Peoria Distribution Center | | | 6/15/2016 | | | | 1 | | | | 3,825 | | | | 15,933 | | | | 1,588 | | | | — | | | | (97 | ) | | | 21,249 | |
Trade Port Distribution Center II | | | 6/17/2016 | | | | 2 | | | | 5,170 | | | | 40,903 | | | | 6,227 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 52,300 | |
Northeast Distribution Portfolio (6) | | | 6/20/2016 | | | | 2 | | | | 6,745 | | | | 20,110 | | | | 3,220 | | | | — | | | | (675 | ) | | | 29,400 | |
Pinnacle Distribution Center II | | | 6/22/2016 | | | | 1 | | | | 8,150 | | | | 23,168 | | | | 2,436 | | | | — | | | | (154 | ) | | | 33,600 | |
Southeast Industrial Portfolio (3) | | | 7/11/2016 | | | | 3 | | | | 5,593 | | | | 64,632 | | | | 7,204 | | | | — | | | | (1,314 | ) | | | 76,115 | |
Alessandro Distribution Center | | | 7/20/2016 | | | | 1 | | | | 16,457 | | | | 31,263 | | | | 1,517 | | | | — | | | | (1,864 | ) | | | 47,373 | |
Lakeside Distribution Center | | | 7/26/2016 | | | | 1 | | | | 2,852 | | | | 12,765 | | | | 1,018 | | | | — | | | | (299 | ) | | | 16,336 | |
Billings Industrial Portfolio | | | 8/5/2016 | | | | 2 | | | | 4,646 | | | | 13,843 | | | | 2,123 | | | | — | | | | (562 | ) | | | 20,050 | |
Marley Neck Distribution Center | | | 8/8/2016 | | | | 1 | | | | 5,215 | | | | 10,963 | | | | 1,062 | | | | 285 | | | | — | | | | 17,525 | |
Lakeside Commerce Center | | | 8/16/2016 | | | | 4 | | | | 6,955 | | | | 33,126 | | | | 4,379 | | | | 295 | | | | (656 | ) | | | 44,099 | |
Corona Industrial Center II | | | 9/13/2016 | | | | 1 | | | | 8,244 | | | | 8,820 | | | | 380 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 17,444 | |
Park West Distribution Center | | | 11/8/2016 | | | | 1 | | | | 3,016 | | | | 19,958 | | | | 2,197 | | | | 69 | | | | — | | | | 25,240 | |
Exeter Portfolio | | | 11/22/2016 | | | | 2 | | | | 10,745 | | | | 13,617 | | | | 2,014 | | | | 31 | | | | (58 | ) | | | 26,349 | |
Other acquisitions | | | Various | | | | 25 | | | | 55,696 | | | | 99,815 | | | | 13,260 | | | | 185 | | | | (2,171 | ) | | | 166,785 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total 2016 Acquisitions | | | | | | | 88 | | | $ | 289,547 | | | $ | 845,437 | | | $ | 93,858 | | | $ | 2,784 | | | $ | (13,974 | ) | | $ | 1,217,652 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Intangibles | | | | |
($ in thousands) | | Acquisition
Date | | | Number
of
Buildings | | | Land | | | Building | | | Intangible
Lease
Assets | | | Above-
Market
Lease
Assets | | | Below-
Market
Lease
Liabilities | | | Total
Purchase
Price (1) | |
2015 Acquisitions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Newark Distribution Center | | | 1/6/2015 | | | | 1 | | | $ | 8,523 | | | $ | 10,217 | | | $ | 825 | | | $ | 347 | | | $ | — | | | | 19,912 | |
Totowa Commerce Center | | | 1/23/2015 | | | | 1 | | | | 10,715 | | | | 13,421 | | | | 2,927 | | | | — | | | | (813 | ) | | | 26,250 | |
8A Distribution Center | | | 2/2/2015 | | | | 1 | | | | 7,949 | | | | 15,071 | | | | 836 | | | | — | | | | (382 | ) | | | 23,474 | |
Bayport Distribution Center | | | 2/17/2015 | | | | 2 | | | | 4,807 | | | | 31,788 | | | | 2,436 | | | | 184 | | | | — | | | | 39,215 | |
Tuscany Industrial Center (4) | | | 3/12/2015 | | | | 1 | | | | 1,621 | | | | 8,812 | | | | 1,091 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 11,524 | |
8A Distribution Center II | | | 5/1/2015 | | | | 1 | | | | 5,516 | | | | 8,650 | | | | 1,284 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 15,450 | |
Livermore Distribution Center | | | 5/1/2015 | | | | 1 | | | | 4,885 | | | | 19,869 | | | | 2,533 | | | | — | | | | (1,531 | ) | | | 25,756 | |
Chastain Meadows Distribution Center | | | 6/1/2015 | | | | 5 | | | | 5,362 | | | | 34,530 | | | | 4,971 | | | | 933 | | | | (146 | ) | | | 45,650 | |
Auburn Distribution Center | | | 6/10/2015 | | | | 1 | | | | 3,984 | | | | 11,215 | | | | 1,411 | | | | 405 | | | | — | | | | 17,015 | |
Carol Stream Distribution Center | | | 7/20/2015 | | | | 1 | | | | 7,136 | | | | 10,222 | | | | 1,985 | | | | 2,057 | | | | — | | | | 21,400 | |
Houston Industrial Portfolio | |
| 7/30/2015,
9/25/2015 |
| | | 3 | | | | 9,969 | | | | 30,642 | | | | 3,133 | | | | 150 | | | | (175 | ) | | | 43,719 | |
Wilson Commerce Center | | | 8/7/2015 | | | | 1 | | | | 1,897 | | | | 23,554 | | | | 2,460 | | | | 126 | | | | (138 | ) | | | 27,899 | |
Interstate South Distribution Center | | | 8/25/2015 | | | | 1 | | | | 2,523 | | | | 16,368 | | | | 689 | | | | — | | | | (215 | ) | | | 19,365 | |
Kelley Point Distribution Center | | | 9/9/2015 | | | | 5 | | | | 12,710 | | | | 55,841 | | | | 6,579 | | | | — | | | | (1,570 | ) | | | 73,560 | |
Aurora Distribution Center | | | 9/21/2015 | | | | 1 | | | | 4,007 | | | | 13,690 | | | | 2,107 | | | | 1,196 | | | | — | | | | 21,000 | |
Salt Lake City Distribution Center | | | 10/23/2015 | | | | 1 | | | | 3,514 | | | | 11,702 | | | | 1,559 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 16,775 | |
York Distribution Center | | | 11/10/2015 | | | | 1 | | | | 4,378 | | | | 11,050 | | | | 1,467 | | | | — | | | | (495 | ) | | | 16,400 | |
Etiwanda Industrial Center | | | 11/13/2015 | | | | 3 | | | | 8,916 | | | | 7,400 | | | | 944 | | | | — | | | | (87 | ) | | | 17,173 | |
Cincinnati Industrial Center | | | 11/23/2015 | | | | 4 | | | | 3,595 | | | | 27,250 | | | | 3,747 | | | | 173 | | | | (313 | ) | | | 34,452 | |
Mid Counties Distribution Center | | | 12/1/2015 | | | | 1 | | | | 8,418 | | | | 8,334 | | | | 1,449 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 18,201 | |
Chicago Industrial Portfolio | | | 12/17/2015 | | | | 5 | | | | 16,711 | | | | 50,253 | | | | 4,898 | | | | 271 | | | | (2,533 | ) | | | 69,600 | |
Atlanta Industrial Portfolio | | | 12/17/2015 | | | | 14 | | | | 11,642 | | | | 54,917 | | | | 8,333 | | | | 653 | | | | (39 | ) | | | 75,506 | |
Lehigh Valley Distribution Center | | | 12/22/2015 | | | | 1 | | | | 9,485 | | | | 26,059 | | | | 2,583 | | | | — | | | | (527 | ) | | | 37,600 | |
Phoenix Industrial Portfolio | | | 12/22/2015 | | | | 5 | | | | 8,722 | | | | 25,480 | | | | 4,340 | | | | 115 | | | | (674 | ) | | | 37,983 | |
Golden State Portfolio | | | 12/23/2015 | | | | 10 | | | | 88,305 | | | | 70,546 | | | | 11,043 | | | | 389 | | | | (1,828 | ) | | | 168,455 | |
Northwest Industrial Center | | | 12/29/2015 | | | | 8 | | | | 15,765 | | | | 17,224 | | | | 3,987 | | | | 484 | | | | (382 | ) | | | 37,078 | |
Other acquisitions | | | Various | | | | 19 | | | | 42,272 | | | | 85,218 | | | | 11,603 | | | | 96 | | | | (1,159 | ) | | | 138,030 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total 2015 Acquisitions | | | | | | | 98 | | | $ | 313,327 | | | $ | 699,323 | | | $ | 91,220 | | | $ | 7,579 | | | $ | (13,007 | ) | | $ | 1,098,442 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | Total purchase price exclusive of transfer taxes, due diligence expenses, and other transaction costs equals consideration paid, plus any debt assumed at fair value. The purchase price allocations are preliminary based on the Company’s estimate of the fair value determined from all available information at the time of acquisition and, therefore, are subject to change upon the completion of the Company’s analysis of appraisals, evaluation of the credit quality of customers, and working capital adjustments within the |
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| | measurement period, which will not exceed 12 months from the acquisition date. The Company does not expect future revisions, if any, to have a significant impact on its financial position or results of operations. |
| (2) | Includes an additional land parcel acquisition in May 2016 for a purchase price of $0.4 million. |
| (3) | Includes an acquisition with debt assumed at fair value of $11.4 million. |
| (4) | In August 2015, the Company sold Tuscany Industrial Center to the BTC Partnership, as defined in “Note 6,” and it was subsequently deconsolidated. |
| (5) | In November 2016, two of the buildings in this portfolio were sold to a third party. See “Note 4” for additional details on the dispositions. |
| (6) | In December 2016, this portfolio was sold to a third party. See “Note 4” for additional details on the dispositions. |
Intangible and above-market lease assets are amortized over the remaining lease term. Below-market lease liabilities are amortized over the remaining lease term, plus any below-market, fixed-rate renewal option periods. The weighted-average amortization periods for the intangible assets and liabilities acquired in connection with the 2016 acquisitions, as of the respective date of each acquisition, were as follows:
| | |
Property | | Amortization period |
| | | (years) |
Northwest Industrial Center | | 5.2 |
Golden State Portfolio | | 2.5 |
Victory Industrial Portfolio | | 10.1 |
GSW Distribution Center | | — |
National Distribution Portfolio | | 5.7 |
Lehigh Valley Distribution Center II | | 4.5 |
Kent Industrial Portfolio | | 3.2 |
Auburn 167 Industrial Center | | 4.1 |
Corona Industrial Center | | 5.1 |
National Distribution Portfolio II | | 1.8 |
Carlisle Distribution Center | | 3.5 |
Central Valley Portfolio | | 4.0 |
Cheyenne Distribution Center | | 7.1 |
Peoria Distribution Center | | 3.3 |
Trade Port Distribution Center II | | 10.0 |
Northeast Distribution Portfolio | | 10.7 |
Pinnacle Distribution Center II | | 3.7 |
Southeast Industrial Portfolio | | 4.0 |
Alessandro Distribution Center | | 10.5 |
Lakeside Distribution Center | | 4.9 |
Billings Industrial Portfolio | | 5.1 |
Marley Neck Distribution Center | | 9.1 |
Lakeside Commerce Center | | 3.5 |
Corona Industrial Center II | | 5.0 |
Park West Distribution Center | | 3.2 |
Exeter Portfolio | | 5.2 |
Other acquisitions | | 3.3 |
Pro Forma Financial Information (Unaudited)
The table below includes the following: (i) actual revenues and net income for the 2016 acquisitions (as described above) included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended
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December 31, 2016; (ii) actual revenues and net loss for the 2015 acquisitions included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2015; and (iii) pro forma revenues and net loss reflecting the 2016 and 2015 acquisitions, as if the date of each acquisition had been January 1, 2015 and January 1, 2014, respectively. The table below does not include any acquisitions that were subsequently disposed nor any acquisitions made by nor sold to the BTC Partnership, as defined in “Note 6,” that were subsequently deconsolidated by the Company. The pro forma financial information is not intended to represent or be indicative of the Company’s consolidated financial results that would have been reported had the acquisitions been completed at the beginning of the comparable prior period presented and should not be taken as indicative of its future consolidated financial results.
| | | | | | | | |
| | | For the Year Ended
December 31, | |
(in thousands) | | 2016 | | | 2015 | |
Actual: | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | $ | 57,406 | | | $ | 24,929 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | 1,855 | | | $ | (448 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Pro forma: | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues (1) | | $ | 208,401 | | | $ | 204,994 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net loss (2) | | $ | (22,570 | ) | | $ | (33,900 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
| (1) | In deriving the pro forma total revenues, an adjustment was made to include incremental revenue of $32.1 million and $153.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The incremental rental revenue was determined based on each acquired property’s historical rental revenue and the purchase accounting entries and includes: (i) the incremental base rent adjustments calculated based on the terms of the acquired leases and presented on a straight-line basis; and (ii) the incremental reimbursement and other revenue adjustments, which consist primarily of rental expense recoveries, and are determined based on the acquired customer’s historical reimbursement and other revenue with respect to the acquired properties. |
| (2) | In deriving the pro forma net loss, an adjustment was made to exclude acquisition-related expenses of $36.9 million and $31.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the pro forma net loss was adjusted to include acquisition-related expenses of $36.9 million relating to the 2016 acquisitions, as if these expenses had been incurred as of January 1, 2015. |
4. DISPOSITIONS
During 2016, the Company sold to third parties five industrial buildings for net proceeds of approximately $54.2 million. Total disposition fees and expenses were $2.8 million, of which $1.4 million was paid to the Advisor. Of these dispositions: (i) two buildings were located in the Atlanta market; (ii) one building was located in the San Antonio market; (iii) one building located in the Oklahoma City market; and (iv) one building was located in the Connecticut market.
Gains on the disposition of real estate properties are recorded when the recognition criteria have been met, generally at the time title is transferred, and the Company no longer has substantial continuing involvement with the real estate sold. For the year ended December 31, 2016, total net gain on dispositions was $1.4 million. No gains were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.
5. INVESTMENT IN REAL ESTATE PROPERTIES
As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company’s consolidated investment in real estate properties consisted of 215 and 131 industrial buildings, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had classified four
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industrial buildings as held for sale, which are not included in the following tables within “Note 5.” See “Note 7” below for additional information related to assets held for sale.
| | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | December 31,
2016 | | | December 31,
2015 | |
Land | | $ | 684,280 | | | $ | 405,739 | |
Building and improvements | | | 1,686,929 | | | | 866,032 | |
Intangible lease assets | | | 219,512 | | | | 123,451 | |
Construction in progress | | | 13,843 | | | | 11,023 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Investment in real estate properties | | | 2,604,564 | | | | 1,406,245 | |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | | | (126,235 | ) | | | (32,050 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net investment in real estate properties | | $ | 2,478,329 | | | $ | 1,374,195 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Intangible Lease Assets and Liabilities
Intangible lease assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 include the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | December 31, 2016 | | | December 31, 2015 | |
(in thousands) | | Gross | | | Accumulated
Amortization | | | Net | | | Gross | | | Accumulated
Amortization | | | Net | |
Intangible lease assets (1) | | $ | 208,361 | | | $ | (59,226 | ) | | $ | 149,135 | | | $ | 114,768 | | | $ | (15,039 | ) | | $ | 99,729 | |
Above-market lease assets (1) | | | 11,151 | | | | (3,143 | ) | | | 8,008 | | | | 8,683 | | | | (815 | ) | | | 7,868 | |
Below-market lease liabilities (2) | | | (30,929 | ) | | | 7,798 | | | | (23,131 | ) | | | (18,431 | ) | | | 2,474 | | | | (15,957 | ) |
| (1) | Included in net investment in real estate properties on the consolidated balance sheets. |
| (2) | Included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. |
The following table details the estimated net amortization of such intangible lease assets and liabilities, as of December 31, 2016, for the next five years and thereafter:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Estimated Net Amortization | |
(in thousands) | | Intangible
Lease Assets | | | Above-Market
Lease Assets | | | Below-Market
Lease Liabilities | |
2017 | | $ | 43,327 | | | $ | 2,077 | | | $ | (5,910 | ) |
2018 | | | 33,369 | | | | 1,735 | | | | (4,847 | ) |
2019 | | | 23,860 | | | | 1,121 | | | | (3,837 | ) |
2020 | | | 16,583 | | | | 802 | | | | (2,975 | ) |
2021 | | | 11,477 | | | | 724 | | | | (2,214 | ) |
Thereafter | | | 20,519 | | | | 1,549 | | | | (3,348 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 149,135 | | | $ | 8,008 | | | $ | (23,131 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Future Minimum Rent
Future minimum base rental payments, which equal the cash basis of monthly contractual rent, owed to the Company from its customers under the terms of non-cancelable operating leases in effect as of December 31, 2016, excluding rental revenues from the potential renewal or replacement of existing leases and from future tenant reimbursement revenue, were as follows for the next five years and thereafter:
| | | | |
(in thousands) | | Future Minimum Base
Rental Payments | |
2017 | | $ | 148,585 | |
2018 | | | 139,274 | |
2019 | | | 120,411 | |
2020 | | | 95,738 | |
2021 | | | 76,335 | |
Thereafter | | | 172,999 | |
| | | | |
Total | | $ | 753,342 | |
| | | | |
Rental Revenue and Depreciation and Amortization Expense
The following table summarizes straight-line rent adjustments, amortization recognized as an increase (decrease) to rental revenues from above-and below-market lease assets and liabilities, and real-estate related depreciation and amortization expense:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the Year Ended
December 31, | |
(in thousands) | | 2016 | | | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Increase (Decrease) to Rental Revenue: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Straight-line rent adjustments | | $ | 9,571 | | | $ | 3,868 | | | $ | 431 | |
Above-market lease amortization | | | (2,438 | ) | | | (742 | ) | | | (81 | ) |
Below-market lease amortization | | | 5,503 | | | | 2,140 | | | | 369 | |
Real Estate-Related Depreciation and Amortization: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation expense | | $ | 49,915 | | | $ | 14,593 | | | $ | 1,947 | |
Intangible lease asset amortization | | | 46,714 | | | | 13,632 | | | | 2,073 | |
Real Property Impairment
For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded approximately $2.7 million of non-cash impairment charges related to four wholly-owned properties that it acquired as part of a portfolio purchase in the Atlanta market. Due to a change in management’s estimate of the intended hold period of these properties, the Company reevaluated the fair value of the properties and determined that the net book value of the properties exceeded the estimated future undiscounted cash flows and the estimated liquidation value less costs to sell the properties, resulting in the impairment. As of December 31, 2016, the net book value of the properties equaled the estimated fair value, which had an aggregate total value of approximately $15.5 million. We have determined that our impairments are non-recurring fair value measurements that fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. See “Note 9” for further discussion of the fair value hierarchy.
6. INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED JOINT VENTURE
In February 2015, the Company admitted two investors as limited partners (together, the “BCIMC Limited Partner”) into the Build-To-Core Industrial Partnership I LP (the “BTC Partnership”) and entered into an amended and restated agreement of limited partnership of the BTC Partnership (the “BTC Partnership Agreement”), setting forth the terms pursuant to which the Company and the BCIMC Limited Partner jointly
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have invested, and will continue to invest in a portfolio of industrial properties located in certain major U.S. distribution markets. At that time, the Company owned a 51.0% ownership interest in the joint venture and the BCIMC Limited Partner owned the remaining 49.0% interest.
Upon admission of the BCIMC Limited Partner to the BTC Partnership, the BTC Partnership owned seven industrial buildings with a carrying value of approximately $124.9 million and the BTC Partnership was previously consolidated by the Company. As a result of the admission of the BCIMC Limited Partner, the Company deconsolidated the BTC Partnership. Concurrently, the BCIMC Limited Partner invested approximately $61.2 million to acquire their 49.0% interest in the BTC Partnership, of which $60.3 million was distributed to the Company. The transaction resulted in a sale for financial reporting purposes.
In January 2016, IPT BTC I LP LLC (the “IPT Limited Partner”) sold and assigned to bcIMC (USA) Realty Div A2 LLC (the “BCIMC USA Limited Partner” and, together with the BCIMC Limited Partner, the “BCIMC Partners”) a portion of its ownership interest in the BTC Partnership equal to a 31.0% interest in the BTC Partnership for a purchase price equal to $58.6 million. The Company recorded a net loss of approximately $0.1 million, which included an asset management fee of $1.5 million paid to the Advisor in connection with the disposition. On September 15, 2016, the BTC Partnership Agreement was further amended to admit Industrial Property Advisors Sub I LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Advisor (the “Advisor Sub”) as a special limited partner of the BTC Partnership in exchange for a $10,000 capital contribution. The Advisor Sub was admitted as a special limited partner for the sole purpose of enabling the Advisor, through its ownership of the Advisor Sub, to receive payment of any incentive distributions directly from the BTC Partnership, to which the Advisor had been entitled under the services agreement between the general partner of the BTC Partnership, IPT BTC I GP LLC (the “General Partner”) and the Advisor in effect prior to the admission of the Advisor Sub, rather than having any such distributions from the BTC Partnership first pass through the General Partner before reaching the Advisor. Following the admission of the Advisor Sub as the special limited partner and the sell-down of the IPT Limited Partner’s interest as described above, the General Partner and the IPT Limited Partner (collectively, the “IPT Partners”) continue to collectively own a 20.0% interest in the BTC Partnership and the BCIMC Partners continue to own the remaining 80.0% interest in the BTC Partnership. The Company determined that it continues to maintain significant influence in the BTC Partnership and, as such, continues to report its investment under the equity method on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016.
7. ASSETS HELD FOR SALE
As of December 31, 2016, the Company had four industrial buildings that met the criteria to be classified as held for sale. The following table summarizes the amounts held for sale as of December 31, 2016. The Company subsequently sold the buildings held for sale in February 2017. See “Note 17” for additional information.
| | | | | | | | |
| | | As of | |
(in thousands) | | December 31,
2016 | | | December 31,
2015 | |
Real estate investment, net | | | $15,532 | | | | $ — | |
Straight-line receivables | | | 93 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Assets held for sale | | | $15,625 | | | | $ — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Intangible lease liabilities, net | | | 110 | | | | — | |
Other liabilities | | | 157 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Liabilities related to assets held for sale | | | $267 | | | | $ — | |
| | | | | | | | |
8. DEBT
The Company’s consolidated indebtedness is currently comprised of borrowings under its line of credit and term loans, and under mortgage notes. Borrowings under the non-recourse mortgage notes are secured by mortgages
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or deeds of trust and related assignments and security interests in collateralized and certain cross-collateralized properties, which are generally owned by single purpose entities. A summary of the Company’s debt is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Weighted-Average
Effective Interest Rate as of | | | | | | Balance as of | |
($ in thousands) | | December 31,
2016 | | | December 31,
2015 | | | Maturity Date | | | December 31,
2016 | | | December 31,
2015 | |
Line of credit (1) | | | 2.44 | % | | | 1.83 | % | | | January 2020 | | | $ | 181,000 | | | $ | 265,000 | |
Term loan (2) | | | 2.65 | % | | | 1.78 | % | | | January 2021 | | | | 350,000 | | | | 250,000 | |
Term loan (3) | | | 2.67 | % | | | — | | | | May 2022 | | | | 150,000 | | | | ��� | |
Fixed-rate mortgage notes (4) | | | 3.31 | % | | | 3.52 | % | |
| July 2020 -
December 2025 |
| | | 617,880 | | | | 100,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total principal amount /weighted-average | | | 2.94 | % | | | 2.08 | % | | | | | | $ | 1,298,880 | | | $ | 615,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less unamortized debt issuance costs | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | (10,238 | ) | | $ | (5,967 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total debt, net | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 1,288,642 | | | $ | 609,033 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross book value of properties encumbered by debt | | | | | | | $ | 986,818 | | | $ | 151,754 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | The effective interest rate is calculated based on either: (i) the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) multiplied by a statutory reserve rate plus a margin ranging from 1.40% to 2.30%; or (ii) an alternative base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.40% to 1.30%, each depending on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had fixed the interest rate with respect to $150.0 million in borrowings under its line of credit, having entered into three interest rate swap agreements in July 2016. As such, the weighted-average effective interest rate as of December 31, 2016 is the all-in interest rate, including the effects of the interest rate swap agreements. As of December 31, 2016, the unused and available portions under the line of credit were $319.0 million and $289.7 million, respectively. The line of credit is available for general corporate purposes, including but not limited to the acquisition and operation of permitted investments. |
| (2) | The effective interest rate is calculated based on either: (i) LIBOR multiplied by a statutory reserve rate, plus a margin ranging from 1.35% to 2.20%; or (ii) an alternative base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.35% to 1.20%, each depending on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. In June 2016, the Company expanded its borrowings under its existing term loan by $100.0 million to a total of $350.0 million. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had fixed the interest rate with respect to this term loan, having entered into five interest rate swap agreements in January 2016, and two interest rate swap agreements in July 2016. As such, the weighted-average effective interest rate for the term loan as of December 31, 2016 is the all-in interest rate, including the effects of the interest rate swap agreements. The term loans are available for general corporate purposes, including but not limited to the acquisition and operation of permitted investments. |
| (3) | In May 2016, the Company borrowed $150.0 million pursuant to a second unsecured term loan. The interest rate is calculated based on either: (i) LIBOR multiplied by a statutory reserve rate, plus a margin ranging from 1.60% to 2.50%; or (ii) an alternative base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.60% to 1.50%, each depending on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. |
| (4) | Includes the effects of an interest rate swap agreement that the Company entered into in April 2016 relating to its variable-rate mortgage note with an amount outstanding of $97.0 million as of December 31, 2016. The all-in interest rate, including the effects of the interest rate swap agreement, was 3.45% as of December 31, 2016. The remaining fixed-rate mortgage notes have interest rates ranging from 2.94% to 3.52%. |
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As of December 31, 2016, the principal payments due on the Company’s consolidated debt during each of the next five years and thereafter were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | Line of Credit (1) | | | Term Loans | | | Mortgage Notes | | | Total | |
2017 | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
2018 | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,354 | | | | 1,354 | |
2019 | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,191 | | | | 2,191 | |
2020 | | | 181,000 | | | | — | | | | 15,259 | | | | 196,259 | |
2021 | | | — | | | | 350,000 | | | | 6,047 | | | | 356,047 | |
Thereafter | | | — | | | | 150,000 | | | | 593,029 | | | | 743,029 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total principal payments | | $ | 181,000 | | | $ | 500,000 | | | $ | 617,880 | | | $ | 1,298,880 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | The term of the line of credit may be extended pursuant to a one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions. |
Debt Covenants
The Company’s line of credit, term loans and mortgage note agreements contain various property-level covenants, including customary affirmative and negative covenants. In addition, the line of credit and term loan agreements contain certain corporate level financial covenants, including leverage ratio, fixed charge coverage ratio, and tangible net worth thresholds. The Company was in compliance with all debt covenants as of December 31, 2016.
Derivative Instruments
To manage interest rate risk for certain of its variable-rate debt, the Company uses interest rate swaps as part of its risk management strategy. These derivatives are designed to mitigate the risk of future interest rate increases by providing a fixed interest rate for a limited, pre-determined period of time. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the interest rate swap agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had 11 outstanding interest rate swap agreements that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk. Certain of the Company’s variable-rate borrowings are not hedged, and therefore, to an extent, the Company has on-going exposure to interest rate movements.
The effective portion of the change in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) on the consolidated balance sheets and is subsequently reclassified into earnings as interest expense for the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings, which is when the interest expense is recognized on the related debt. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives is recognized directly in earnings. For the year ended December 31, 2016, there was no hedge ineffectiveness. The Company expects no hedge ineffectiveness in the next 12 months.
The following table summarizes the location and fair value of the cash flow hedges on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Notional | | | Balance Sheet | | | Fair Value as of
December 31, | |
(in thousands) | | Amount | | | Location | | | 2016 | | | 2015 | |
Interest rate swaps | | | $596,980 | | | | Other assets | | | | $14,091 | | | | $ — | |
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The following table presents the effect of the Company’s cash flow hedges on the Company’s consolidated financial statements:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the Year Ended
Ended December 31, | |
(in thousands) | | 2016 | | | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Interest rate swaps: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gain recognized in AOCI (effective portion) | | | $12,217 | | | | $ — | | | | $ — | |
Loss reclassified from AOCI into income (effective portion) | | | 1,874 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net other comprehensive income | | | $14,091 | | | | $ — | | | | $ — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
9. FAIR VALUE
Fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Fair value measurements are categorized into one of three levels of the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level of significant input used. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. Considerable judgment and a high degree of subjectivity are involved in developing these estimates. These estimates may differ from the actual amounts that the Company could realize upon settlement.
The fair value hierarchy is as follows:
Level 1—Quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2—Other observable inputs, either directly or indirectly, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, including:
| | • | | Quoted prices for similar assets/liabilities in active markets; |
| | • | | Quoted prices for identical or similar assets/liabilities in non-active markets (e.g., few transactions, limited information, non-current prices, high variability over time); |
| | • | | Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset/liability (e.g., interest rates, yield curves, volatilities, default rates); and |
| | • | | Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by other observable market data. |
Level 3—Unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data.
The following table presents the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | Level 1 | | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | | | Total
Fair Value | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative instruments | | | $ — | | | | $14,091 | | | | $ — | | | | $14,091 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets measured at fair value | | | $ — | | | | $14,091 | | | | $ — | | | | $14,091 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2016, the Company had no financial instruments that had been transferred among the fair value hierarchy levels. There were no financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015. The Company also had no non-financial assets or liabilities that were required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
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The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument:
Derivative Instruments.The derivative instruments are interest rate swaps. The interest rate swaps are standard cash flow hedges whose fair value is estimated using market-standard valuation models. Such models involve using market-based observable inputs, including interest rate curves. The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements, which we have concluded are not material to the valuation. Due to the interest rate swaps being unique and not actively traded, the fair value is classified as Level 2. See “Note 8” above for further discussion of the Company’s derivative instruments.
The table below includes fair values for certain of the Company’s financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. The carrying values and fair values of these financial instruments were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, 2016 | | | As of December 31, 2015 | |
(in thousands) | | Carrying
Value | | | Fair
Value | | | Carrying
Value | | | Fair
Value | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative instruments | | $ | 14,091 | | | $ | 14,091 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Line of credit | | | 181,000 | | | | 181,000 | | | | 265,000 | | | | 265,000 | |
Term loans | | | 500,000 | | | | 500,000 | | | | 250,000 | | | | 250,000 | |
Mortgage notes | | | 617,880 | | | | 597,187 | | | | 100,000 | | | | 97,958 | |
In addition to the previously described methods and assumptions for the derivative instruments, the following are the methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments:
Line of Credit. The fair value of the line of credit is estimated using discounted cash flow methods based on the Company’s estimate of market interest rates, which the Company has determined to be its best estimate of current market spreads over comparable term benchmark rates of similar instruments. Credit spreads relating to the underlying instruments are based on Level 3 inputs.
Term Loans. The fair value of each of the term loans is estimated using discounted cash flow methods based on the Company’s estimate of market interest rates, which the Company has determined to be its best estimate of current market spreads over comparable term benchmark rates of similar instruments. Credit spreads relating to the underlying instruments are based on Level 3 inputs.
Mortgage Notes. The fair value of each of the mortgage notes is estimated using discounted cash flow methods based on the Company’s estimate of market interest rates, which the Company has determined to be its best estimate of current market spreads over comparable term benchmark rates of similar instruments. Credit spreads relating to the underlying instruments are based on Level 3 inputs.
The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, tenant receivables, due from/to affiliates, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and distributions payable approximate their carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. As such, these assets and liabilities are not listed in the carrying value and fair value table above.
10. INCOME TAXES
The Company has concluded that there was no impact related to uncertain tax positions from the results of operations of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. The U.S. is the major tax jurisdiction for the Company and the earliest tax year subject to examination by the taxing authority is 2012.
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Distributions
Distributions to stockholders are characterized for federal income tax purposes as: (i) ordinary income; (ii) non-taxable return of capital; or (iii) long-term capital gain. Distributions that exceed the Company’s current and accumulated tax earnings and profits constitute a return of capital and reduce the stockholders’ basis in the common shares. To the extent that a distribution exceeds both current and accumulated earnings and profits and the stockholders’ basis in the common shares, the distributions will generally be treated as a gain from the sale or exchange of such stockholders’ common shares. At the beginning of each year, the Company notifies its stockholders of the taxability of the distributions paid during the preceding year. The following table summarizes the information reported to investors regarding the taxability of distributions on common shares for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.
The unaudited preliminary taxability of the Company’s 2016, 2015 and 2014 distributions was:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the Year Ended
December 31, | |
| | | 2016 | | | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Per common share: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ordinary income | | $ | 0.157 | | | $ | 0.367 | | | $ | 0.469 | |
Non-taxable return of capital | | | 0.383 | | | | 0.143 | | | | — | |
Long-term capital gain | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total distribution | | $ | 0.540 | | | $ | 0.510 | | | $ | 0.469 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
11. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Initial Public Offering
In September 2012, the Company filed a registration statement with the SEC on Form S-11 in connection with its initial public offering of up to $2.0 billion in shares of common stock (the “Offering”). The registration statement was subsequently declared effective in July 2013. Pursuant to its registration statement, the Company is offering for sale up to $2.0 billion in shares of its common stock.
Reclassification of Shares
On August 14, 2015, the Company filed a post-effective amendment to its registration statement that reclassified the Company’s common stock being offered pursuant to the registration statement into Class A shares and Class T shares. The SEC declared the post-effective amendment effective on August 19, 2015, at which time the Company began offering for sale up to $1.5 billion in shares of common stock at a price of $10.4407 per Class A share and $9.8298 per Class T share, and up to $500.0 million in shares under the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan at a price of $9.9187 per Class A share and $9.8298 per Class T share. In each case, the offering price was arbitrarily determined by the Company’s board of directors by taking the Company’s estimated net asset value (“NAV”) as of June 30, 2015 of $9.24 per share and adding the respective per share up-front sales commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and offering expenses to be paid with respect to the Class A shares and the Class T shares, such that after the payment of such commissions, fees and expenses, the net proceeds to the Company will be the same for both Class A shares and Class T shares. The NAV was not subject to audit by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. The Class A shares and Class T shares have identical rights and privileges, including voting rights, but have differing fees that are payable on a class-specific basis, as described in “Note 14.” The per share amount of distributions on Class T shares will be lower than the per share amount of distributions on Class A shares because of the distribution fees payable with respect to Class T shares. The Company’s shares of common stock consist of Class A shares and Class T shares, all of which are collectively referred to herein as shares of common stock.
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In August 2016, the Company reallocated $325.0 million in shares of common stock offered pursuant to the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan to the Company’s primary offering, such that an aggregate of $1.825 billion in shares are allocated to the primary offering and $175.0 million in shares are allocated to the distribution reinvestment plan. Dividend Capital Securities LLC (the “Dealer Manager”), a related party, provides dealer manager services in connection with the Offering. The Offering is a best efforts offering, which means that the Dealer Manager is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of shares of common stock in the Offering, but will use its best efforts to sell the shares of common stock. The Offering is a continuous offering. In December 2016, the Company’s board of directors extended the term of the Offering until the earlier to occur of either: (i) June 30, 2017; or (ii) the date on which the Company has sold the remaining primary offering shares in any combination of Class A shares or Class T shares. The Company’s board of directors may determine to terminate the Offering at an earlier or later date, in its sole discretion. On July 21, 2016, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-11 for a proposed follow-on offering. The Company does not intend to register new securities pursuant to the proposed follow-on offering, but rather will carry forward any unsold securities registered pursuant to the registration statement for the Offering if necessary to meet the Company’s capital raising goals.
A summary of the Company’s public offering (including shares sold through the primary offering and distribution reinvestment plan (“DRIP”) offering), as of December 31, 2016, is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | Class A | | | Class T | | | Total | |
Amount of gross proceeds raised: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Primary offering | | $ | 976,666 | | | $ | 563,144 | | | $ | 1,539,810 | |
DRIP offering | | | 35,061 | | | | 7,687 | | | | 42,748 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total offering | | $ | 1,011,727 | | | $ | 570,831 | | | $ | 1,582,558 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Number of shares sold: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Primary offering | | | 96,289 | | | | 57,290 | | | | 153,579 | |
DRIP offering | | | 3,565 | | | | 782 | | | | 4,347 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total offering | | | 99,854 | | | | 58,072 | | | | 157,926 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2016, following the reallocation of shares in the Offering, approximately $285.2 million in shares of common stock remained available for sale pursuant to the primary offering in any combination of Class A shares or Class T shares and $132.3 million in shares of common stock remained available for sale through the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan. The board of directors, in its sole discretion, may determine to further reallocate distribution reinvestment plan shares for sale in the primary offering.
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Common Stock
The following table summarizes the changes in the shares outstanding and the aggregate par value of the outstanding shares for each class of common stock for the periods presented below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Class A | | | Class T | | | Total | |
(in thousands) | | Shares | | | Amount | | | Shares | | | Amount | | | Shares | | | Amount | |
Balance as of December 31, 2013 | | | 420 | | | $ | 4 | | | | — | | | $ | — | | | | 420 | | | $ | 4 | |
Issuance of common stock: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Primary shares | | | 22,494 | | | | 225 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 22,494 | | | | 225 | |
DRIP shares | | | 102 | | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 102 | | | | 1 | |
Stock grants | | | 26 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 26 | | | | — | |
Redemptions | | | (12 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (12 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2014 | | | 23,030 | | | $ | 230 | | | | — | | | $ | — | | | | 23,030 | | | $ | 230 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of common stock: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Primary shares | | | 60,578 | | | | 606 | | | | 18,390 | | | | 184 | | | | 78,968 | | | | 790 | |
DRIP shares | | | 994 | | | | 10 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 994 | | | | 10 | |
Stock grants | | | 79 | | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 79 | | | | 1 | |
Redemptions | | | (83 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (83 | ) | | | (1 | ) |
Forfeitures | | | (3 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2015 | | | 84,595 | | | $ | 846 | | | | 18,390 | | | $ | 184 | | | | 102,985 | | | $ | 1,030 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of common stock: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Primary shares | | | 12,797 | | | | 128 | | | | 38,900 | | | | 388 | | | | 51,697 | | | | 516 | |
DRIP shares | | | 2,469 | | | | 25 | | | | 782 | | | | 8 | | | | 3,251 | | | | 33 | |
Stock grants | | | 118 | | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 118 | | | | 1 | |
Redemptions | | | (587 | ) | | | (6 | ) | | | (40 | ) | | | — | | | | (627 | ) | | | (6 | ) |
Forfeitures | | | (18 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (18 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance as of December 31, 2016 | | | 99,374 | | | $ | 994 | | | | 58,032 | | | $ | 580 | | | | 157,406 | | | $ | 1,574 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Distributions
The following table summarizes the Company’s distribution activity (including distributions reinvested in shares of the Company’s common stock) for the quarters ended below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Amount | |
(in thousands, except per share data) | | Payment Date | | | Declared per
Common Share (1) | | | Paid in
Cash | | | Reinvested
in Shares | | | Distribution
Fees (2) | | | Gross
Distributions (3) | |
2016 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31 | | | January 5, 2017 | | | $ | 0.13515 | | | $ | 8,840 | | | $ | 10,271 | | | $ | 1,286 | | | $ | 20,397 | |
September 30 | | | October 5, 2016 | | | | 0.13515 | | | | 8,147 | | | | 9,638 | | | | 1,069 | | | | 18,854 | |
June 30 | | | July 5, 2016 | | | | 0.13515 | | | | 7,534 | | | | 9,042 | | | | 876 | | | | 17,452 | |
March 31 | | | April 4, 2016 | | | | 0.13515 | | | | 6,788 | | | | 8,040 | | | | 622 | | | | 15,450 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | $ | 31,309 | | | $ | 36,991 | | | $ | 3,853 | | | $ | 72,153 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2015 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31 | | | January 13, 2016 | | | $ | 0.13515 | | | $ | 4,751 | | | $ | 5,443 | | | $ | 148 | | | $ | 10,342 | |
September 30 | | | October 15, 2015 | | | | 0.12500 | | | | 3,392 | | | | 3,725 | | | | — | | | | 7,117 | |
June 30 | | | July 2, 2015 | | | | 0.12500 | | | | 2,700 | | | | 2,900 | | | | — | | | | 5,600 | |
March 31 | | | April 15, 2015 | | | | 0.12500 | | | | 1,756 | | | | 1,806 | | | | — | | | | 3,562 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | $ | 12,599 | | | $ | 13,874 | | | $ | 148 | | | $ | 26,621 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | Amounts reflect the quarterly distribution rate authorized by the Company’s board of directors per Class A share of common stock. The Company’s board of directors authorized distributions at this rate per Class T |
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| | share of common stock, less the distribution fees that are payable monthly with respect to such Class T shares (as calculated on a daily basis). The Company began offering Class T shares of its common stock in August 2015. |
| (2) | Distribution fees are paid monthly to the Dealer Manager with respect to Class T shares only. Refer to “Note 14” for further detail regarding distribution fees. |
| (3) | Gross distributions are total distributions before the deduction of distribution fees. |
Redemptions
Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, a stockholder may redeem shares of the Company’s common stock for cash at a price that may reflect a discount from the purchase price paid for the shares of common stock being redeemed. Shares of common stock must be held for a minimum of one year, subject to certain exceptions. The Company is not obligated to redeem shares of its common stock under the share redemption program. The Company presently limits the number of shares to be redeemed during any consecutive 12-month period to no more than five percent of the number of shares of common stock outstanding at the beginning of such 12-month period. The Company also limits redemptions in accordance with a quarterly cap. The discount from the purchase price paid for the redeemed shares will vary based upon the length of time that the shares of common stock have been held, as follows:
| | | | |
Share Purchase Anniversary | | Redemption Price as a
Percentage of
Purchase Price | |
Less than one year | | | No redemption allowed | |
One year | | | 92.5 | % |
Two years | | | 95.0 | % |
Three years | | | 97.5 | % |
Four years and longer | | | 100.0 | % |
The following table summarizes the Company’s redemption activity:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the Year Ended
December 31, | |
(in thousands) | | 2016 | | | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Number of eligible shares redeemed | | | 605 | | | | 105 | | | | 12 | |
Aggregate amount of shares redeemed | | $ | 5,887 | | | $ | 1,034 | | | $ | 122 | |
Average redemption price per share | | $ | 9.73 | | | $ | 9.85 | | | $ | 10.00 | |
12. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Equity Incentive Plan
The Company’s Equity Incentive Plan, effective as of July 16, 2013 (the “Equity Incentive Plan”), provides for the grant of options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights or other share-based awards. Directors, officers, and employees (if any) of the Company, as well as any advisor or consultant, including employees of the Advisor, a related party, and the property manager, also a related party, are eligible to receive awards under the Equity Incentive Plan; provided that, the individual is performing bona fide advisory or consulting services for the Company, and the services provided by the individual are not in connection with the offer or sale of securities in a capital raising transaction, and do not directly or indirectly promote or maintain a market for the Company’s common stock. The Company has registered a total of 2.0 million Class A shares of common stock for issuance pursuant to the Equity Incentive Plan.
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Private Placement Equity Incentive Plan
In February 2015, the Company’s board of directors adopted a private placement equity incentive plan (the “Private Placement Equity Incentive Plan”). The plan is substantially similar to the Company’s Equity Incentive Plan, except that under the Private Placement Equity Incentive Plan an eligible participant is defined as any person, trust, association or entity to which the plan administrator desires to grant an award. An aggregate maximum of 2.0 million Class A shares of common stock may be issued upon grant, vesting or exercise of awards under the Private Placement Equity Incentive Plan.
Restricted Stock Summary
As of December 31, 2016, all grants of restricted stock had been to non-senior executive employees of the Advisor and to the independent directors. A summary of the Company’s activity with respect to the issuance of restricted stock pursuant to its Equity Incentive Plan and its Private Placement Equity Incentive Plan for the year ended December 31, 2016 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
(shares in thousands) | | Shares | | | Weighted-Average
Fair Value
per Share | |
Nonvested shares at December 31, 2013 | | | — | | | $ | — | |
Granted (1) | | | 26 | | | $ | 10.00 | |
Vested (1) | | | (15 | ) | | $ | 10.00 | |
Forfeited | | | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Nonvested shares at December 31, 2014 (1) | | | 11 | | | $ | 10.00 | |
Granted (2) | | | 79 | | | $ | 10.11 | |
Vested (2) | | | (29 | ) | | $ | 10.09 | |
Forfeited (2) | | | (3 | ) | | $ | 10.15 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Nonvested shares at December 31, 2015 (3) | | | 58 | | | $ | 10.44 | |
Granted (4) | | | 118 | | | $ | 10.44 | |
Vested (4) | | | (48 | ) | | $ | 10.44 | |
Forfeited (4) | | | (18 | ) | | $ | 10.44 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Nonvested shares at December 31, 2016 (5) | | | 110 | | | $ | 10.94 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| (1) | The weighted-average fair value is based on the Company’s initial offering price of $10.00 per share on the grant date. |
| (2) | The weighted-average fair value is based on (i) the Company’s initial offering price of $10.00 per share for shares granted between January 1, 2015 and August 13, 2015 and (ii) the Company’s new offering price of $10.44 per Class A share, which was determined by the Company’s board of directors on August 13, 2015, for shares granted after August 13, 2015. |
| (3) | The weighted-average fair value of nonvested shares was remeasured based on the new offering price of $10.44 per Class A share. |
| (4) | The weighted-average fair value is based on the offering price of $10.44 per Class A share in effect on the respective grant date, vested date, and forfeited date. |
| (5) | Nonvested shares granted to non-senior executive employees of the Advisor were remeasured to estimated fair value as of December 31, 2016 based on the estimated net asset value of $11.0056 per share. |
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The following table summarizes other share-based compensation data:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the Year Ended
December 31, | |
(in thousands, except per share data) | | 2016 | | | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Share-based compensation expense | | $ | 933 | | | $ | 465 | | | $ | 202 | |
Total fair value of restricted stock vested | | $ | 494 | | | $ | 285 | | | $ | 150 | |
Weighted-average grant date fair value of restricted stock granted, per share (1) | | $ | 10.44 | | | $ | 10.11 | | | $ | 10.00 | |
| (1) | The weighted-average grant date fair value is based on the offering price per Class A share in effect on the respective grant dates. |
As of December 31, 2016, the aggregate unrecognized compensation expenses related to the restricted stock was approximately $0.5 million and is expected to be fully recognized over a weighted-average period of one year.
13. NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
Special Units
In September 2012, the Operating Partnership issued 100 Special Units to the parent of the Advisor for consideration of $1,000. The holder of the Special Units does not participate in the profits and losses of the Operating Partnership. Amounts distributable to the holder of the Special Units will depend on operations and the amount of net sales proceeds received from asset dispositions or upon other events. In general, after holders of OP Units, in aggregate, have received cumulative distributions equal to their capital contributions plus a 6.5% cumulative, non-compounded annual pre-tax return on their net contributions, the holder of the Special Units and the holder of OP units will receive 15% and 85%, respectively, of the net sales proceeds received by the Operating Partnership upon the disposition of the Operating Partnership’s assets.
In addition, the Special Units will be redeemed by the Operating Partnership, upon the earliest to occur of the following events: a “Liquidity Event” (as defined below); or the occurrence of certain events that result in the termination or non-renewal of the Advisory Agreement between the Advisor, the Company, and the Operating Partnership.
A Liquidity Event is defined as (i) a listing of the Company’s common stock on a national securities exchange (or the receipt by the Company’s stockholders of securities that are listed on a national securities exchange in exchange for the Company’s common stock); (ii) a sale, merger or other transaction in which the Company’s stockholders either receive, or have the option to receive, cash, securities redeemable for cash, and/or securities of a publicly traded company; or (iii) the sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets where the Company’s stockholders either receive, or have the option to receive, cash or other consideration.
The Company has determined that the Special Units are: (i) not redeemable at a fixed or determinable amount on a fixed or determinable date, at the option of the holder, or (ii) redeemable only upon events that are solely within the Company’s control. As a result, the Company classifies the Special Units as noncontrolling interests within permanent equity.
Subsidiary REITs
During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company acquired controlling interests in four Subsidiary REITs that each own one building for a total aggregate purchase price of approximately $106.3 million. The Company indirectly owns and controls the respective managing member of each of the Subsidiary REITs. Noncontrolling interests represent the portion of equity in the Subsidiary REITs that the Company does not own. Such noncontrolling interests are equity instruments presented in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31,
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2016 as noncontrolling interests within permanent equity. The noncontrolling interests consist of redeemable preferred shares with a 12.5% annual preferred dividend. Collectively, the Subsidiary REITs have 500 preferred shares issued and outstanding at a par value of $1,000 per share, for an aggregate amount of $500,000. The preferred shares are non-voting and have no rights to income or loss. The preferred shares are redeemable by the respective Subsidiary REIT at the discretion of the Company, through its ownership and control of the managing member, for $1,000 per share, plus accumulated and unpaid dividends, as well as a redemption premium if the preferred shares are redeemed before December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2016, the Subsidiary REITs had preferred dividends payable in an aggregate amount of approximately $31,000, which were recorded in distributions payable on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.
14. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company relies on the Advisor, a related party, to manage the Company’s day-to-day operating and acquisition activities and to implement the Company’s investment strategy pursuant to the terms of the fourth amended and restated advisory agreement, dated August 12, 2016, by and among the Company, the Operating Partnership, and the Advisor (the “Advisory Agreement”). The current term of the Advisory Agreement ends August 12, 2017, subject to renewals by the Company’s board of directors for an unlimited number of successive one-year periods. The Dealer Manager provides dealer manager services in connection with the Offering. The Sponsor, which owns the Advisor, is presently directly or indirectly majority owned by John A. Blumberg, James R. Mulvihill and Evan H. Zucker and/or their affiliates, and the Sponsor and the Advisor are jointly controlled by Messrs. Blumberg, Mulvihill and Zucker and/or their affiliates. The Dealer Manager is presently directly or indirectly majority owned, controlled and/or managed by Messrs. Blumberg, Mulvihill and/or Zucker and/or their affiliates. Mr. Zucker is the Chairman of our board of directors. The Advisor and the Dealer Manager receive compensation from the Company in the form of fees and expense reimbursements for certain services relating to the Offering and for the investment and management of the Company’s assets. The following summarizes these fees and expense reimbursements:
Sales Commissions. Sales commissions are payable to the Dealer Manager, all of which may be reallowed to participating unaffiliated broker dealers, and are equal to up to 7.0% and 2.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of Class A and Class T shares, respectively, in the primary offering.
Dealer Manager Fees. Dealer manager fees are payable to the Dealer Manager, a portion of which may be reallowed to unaffiliated participating broker dealers, and are equal to up to 2.5% and 2.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of Class A and Class T shares, respectively, in the primary offering.
Distribution Fees.Distribution fees are payable to the Dealer Manager with respect to Class T shares only. All or a portion of the distribution fees are typically reallowed or advanced by the Dealer Manager to unaffiliated participating broker dealers or broker dealers servicing accounts of investors who own Class T shares, referred to as servicing broker dealers. The distribution fees accrue daily, are payable monthly in arrears and will be paid on a continuous basis from year to year. The distribution fees are calculated on outstanding Class T shares issued in the primary offering in an amount equal to 1.0% per annum of (i) the current gross offering price per Class T share, or (ii) if the Company is no longer offering shares in a public offering, the estimated per share value of Class T shares. If the Company is no longer offering shares in a public offering, but has not reported an estimated per share value subsequent to the termination of the Offering, then the gross offering price in effect immediately prior to the termination of the Offering will be deemed the estimated per share value for purposes of the prior sentence. If the Company reports an estimated per share value prior to the termination of the Offering, the distribution fee will continue to be calculated as a percentage of the then current gross offering price per Class T share until the Company reports an estimated per share value following the termination of the Offering, at which point the distribution fee will be calculated based on the new estimated per share value. In the event the current gross offering price changes during the Offering or an estimated per share value reported after termination of the Offering changes, the distribution fee will change immediately with respect to all outstanding Class T shares issued in the primary offering, and will be calculated based on the new gross offering price or the new estimated per share value, without regard to the actual price at which a particular Class T share was issued.
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The quarterly distributions paid with respect to all outstanding Class T shares, including Class T shares issued pursuant to the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan, will be reduced by the monthly distribution fees calculated with respect to Class T shares issued in the primary offering and all Class T shares will receive the same per share distribution. The Company will cease paying distribution fees with respect to all Class T shares on the earliest to occur of the following: (i) a listing of shares of the Company’s common stock on a national securities exchange; (ii) such Class T shares no longer being outstanding; (iii) the Dealer Manager’s determination that total underwriting compensation from all sources, including dealer manager fees, sales commissions, distribution fees and any other underwriting compensation paid to participating broker dealers with respect to all Class A shares and Class T shares would be in excess of 10% of the gross proceeds of the primary portion of the Offering; or (iv) the end of the month in which the transfer agent, on behalf of the Company, determines that total underwriting compensation, including dealer manager fees, sales commissions, and distribution fees with respect to the Class T shares held by a stockholder within his or her particular account, would be in excess of 10% of the total gross investment amount at the time of purchase of the primary Class T shares held in such account.
Acquisition Fees.Acquisition fees are payable to the Advisor in connection with the acquisition of real property, and will vary depending on whether the Advisor provides development services or development oversight services, each as described below, in connection with the acquisition (including, but not limited to, forward commitment acquisitions) or stabilization (including, but not limited to, development and value-add transactions) of such real property, or both. The Company refers to such properties for which the Advisor provides development services or development oversight services as development real properties. For each real property acquired for which the Advisor does not provide development services or development oversight services, the acquisition fee is an amount equal to 2.0% of the total purchase price of the properties acquired (or the Company’s proportional interest therein), including in all instances real property held in joint ventures or co-ownership arrangements. In connection with providing services related to the development, construction, improvement or stabilization, including tenant improvements of development real properties, which the Company refers to collectively as development services, or overseeing the provision of these services by third parties on the Company’s behalf, which the Company refers to as development oversight services, the acquisition fee, which the Company refers to as the development acquisition fee, will equal up to 4.0% of total project cost, including debt, whether borrowed or assumed (or the Company’s proportional interest therein with respect to real properties held in joint ventures or co-ownership arrangements). If the Advisor engages a third party to provide development services directly to the Company, the third party will be compensated directly by the Company and the Advisor will receive the development acquisition fee if it provides the development oversight services. With respect to an acquisition of an interest in a real estate-related entity, the acquisition fee will equal (i) 2.0% of the Company’s proportionate share of the purchase price of the property owned by any real estate-related entity in which the Company acquires a majority economic interest or that the Company consolidates for financial reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP, and (ii) 2.0% of the purchase price in connection with the acquisition of any interest in any other real estate-related entity. In addition, the Advisor is entitled to receive an acquisition fee of 1.0% of the purchase price, including any third-party expenses related to such investment, in connection with the acquisition or origination of any type of debt investment or other investment.
Asset Management Fees. Asset management fees consist of (i) a monthly fee of one-twelfth of 0.80% of the aggregate cost (including debt, whether borrowed or assumed, and before non-cash reserves and depreciation) of each real property asset within the Company’s portfolio (or the Company’s proportional interest therein with respect to real property held in joint ventures, co-ownership arrangements or real estate-related entities in which the Company owns a majority economic interest or that the Company consolidates for financial reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP), provided, that the monthly asset management fee with respect to each real property asset located outside the U.S. that the Company owns, directly or indirectly, will be one-twelfth of 1.20% of the aggregate cost (including debt, whether borrowed or assumed, and before non-cash reserves and depreciation) of such real property asset; (ii) a monthly fee of one-twelfth of 0.80% of the aggregate cost or investment (before non-cash reserves and depreciation, as applicable) of any interest in any other real estate-related entity or any type of debt investment or other investment; and (iii) with respect to a disposition, a fee
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equal to 2.5% of the total consideration paid in connection with the disposition, calculated in accordance with the terms of the Advisory Agreement. The term “disposition” shall include: (i) a sale of one or more assets; (ii) a sale of one or more assets effectuated either directly or indirectly through the sale of any entity owning such assets, including, without limitation, the Company or the Operating Partnership; (iii) a sale, merger, or other transaction in which the stockholders either receive, or have the option to receive, cash, securities redeemable for cash, and/or securities of a publicly traded company; or (iv) a listing of the Company’s common stock on a national securities exchange or the receipt by the Company’s stockholders of securities that are listed on a national securities exchange in exchange for the Company’s common stock.
Organization and Offering Expenses. The Company reimburses the Advisor or its affiliates for cumulative organization expenses and for cumulative expenses of its public offerings up to 2.0% of the aggregate gross offering proceeds from the sale of shares in its public offerings. The Advisor or an affiliate of the Advisor is responsible for the payment of the Company’s cumulative organization expenses and offering expenses to the extent that such cumulative expenses exceed the 2.0% organization and offering expense reimbursement for the Company’s public offerings, without recourse against or reimbursement by the Company. Organization and offering expenses are accrued by the Company only to the extent that the Company is successful in raising gross offering proceeds. If the Company is not successful in raising additional amounts of offering proceeds, no additional amounts will be payable by the Company to the Advisor for reimbursement of cumulative organization and offering expenses. Organization costs are expensed in the period they become reimbursable and offering costs are recorded as a reduction of gross offering proceeds in additional paid-in capital.
Other Expense Reimbursements. In addition to the reimbursement of organization and offering expenses, provided that the Advisor will not be reimbursed for costs of personnel to the extent that such personnel perform services for which the Advisor receives a separate fee, the Company is obligated, subject to certain limitations, to reimburse the Advisor for all of the costs it incurs in connection with the services it provides to the Company, including, without limitation, personnel (and related employment) costs and overhead (including, but not limited to, allocated rent paid to both third parties and an affiliate of the Advisor, equipment, utilities, insurance, travel and entertainment, and other costs) incurred by the Advisor or its affiliates, including, but not limited to, total compensation, benefits and other overhead of all employees involved in the performance of such services. The Advisor may utilize its employees to provide such services and in certain instances those employees may include the Company’s executive officers.
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The table below summarizes the fees and expenses incurred by the Company for services provided by the Advisor and its affiliates, and by the Dealer Manager related to the services described above, and any related amounts payable:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Incurred | | | | | | | |
| | | For the Year Ended December 31, | | | Payable as of
December 31, | |
(in thousands) | | 2016 | | | 2015 | | | 2014 | | | 2016 | | | 2015 | |
Expensed: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Organization costs | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 17 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Acquisition fees | | | 24,489 | | | | 22,390 | | | | 8,168 | | | | — | | | | 941 | |
Asset management fees (1) | | | 17,775 | | | | 5,532 | | | | 902 | | | | 1,745 | | | | 961 | |
Asset management fees related to dispositions (2) | | | 2,867 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,015 | | | | — | |
Other expense reimbursements (3) | | | 3,445 | | | | 326 | | | | 200 | | | | 383 | | | | 119 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 48,576 | | | $ | 28,248 | | | $ | 9,287 | | | $ | 3,143 | | | $ | 2,021 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Capitalized: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Development acquisition fees (4) | | $ | 236 | | | $ | 282 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 14 | | | $ | 39 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Additional Paid-In Capital: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales commissions | | $ | 16,321 | | | $ | 45,822 | | | $ | 15,490 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 498 | |
Dealer manager fees | | | 10,981 | | | | 19,033 | | | | 5,601 | | | | 1 | | | | 500 | |
Offering costs | | | 8,802 | | | | 16,048 | | | | 4,482 | | | | 984 | | | | 377 | |
Distribution fees (5) | | | 30,805 | | | | 148 | | | | — | | | | 27,419 | | | | 110 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 66,909 | | | $ | 81,051 | | | $ | 25,573 | | | $ | 28,404 | | | $ | 1,485 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | Includes asset management fees other than asset management fees related to dispositions. |
| (2) | Includes: (i) fees of approximately $1.5 million incurred in conjunction with the Company’s sell down of its ownership interest in the BTC Partnership and (ii) fees of approximately $1.4 million incurred in conjunction with property dispositions. These fees were netted against the respective gain and are included in the related net gain amount on the consolidated statements of operations. |
| (3) | Other expense reimbursements include certain expenses incurred in connection with the services provided to the Company under the Advisory Agreement. These reimbursements include a portion of compensation expenses of individual employees of the Advisor, including certain of the Company’s named executive officers, of the Advisor related to activities for which the Advisor does not otherwise receive a separate fee. The Company reimbursed the Advisor approximately $48,000, $61,000 and $65,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 respectively, for a portion of the salary, bonus and benefits of the principal financial officer, Thomas G. McGonagle, for services provided to the Company. The Company reimbursed the Advisor approximately $11,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014 for a portion of the salary, bonus and benefits of the principal executive officer, Dwight L. Merriman III, for services provided to the Company. There were no amounts reimbursed to the Advisor for the years ended December 31, 2016 or 2015 for the salary, bonus and benefits of the principal executive officer, Dwight L. Merriman III, for services provided to the Company. The principal executive officer and principal financial officer provide services to and receive additional compensation from affiliates of the Company’s Advisor that the Company does not reimburse. The remaining amount of other expense reimbursements relate to other general overhead and administrative expenses including, but not limited to, allocated rent paid to both third parties and affiliates of the Advisor, equipment, utilities, insurance, travel and entertainment. |
| (4) | Development acquisition fees are included in the total development project costs of the respective properties and are capitalized in construction in progress, which is included in net investment in real estate properties on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. |
| (5) | The distribution fees accrue daily and are payable monthly in arrears. As of December 31, 2016, the monthly amount of distribution fees payable of $0.5 million is included in distributions payable on the |
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| | consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, the Company accrues for future estimated amounts payable based on the shares outstanding as of the balance sheet date. As of December 31, 2016, the future estimated amounts payable of $27.0 million are included in due to affiliates on the consolidated balance sheets, and includes an immaterial amount related to prior periods. |
Joint Venture Agreement
The BTC Partnership (described in “Note 6”) is required to pay the General Partner, a subsidiary of the Company, certain fees for advisory services provided in accordance with the terms of the joint venture agreement. The advisory services include acquisition and asset management services and, to the extent applicable, development management and development oversight services. The General Partner and the Advisor entered into a services agreement, as amended, pursuant to which the General Partner appointed the Advisor to provide the advisory services to the BTC Partnership and assigned to the Advisor the fees payable for providing such services. In addition, the BTC Partnership agreement contains procedures for making distributions to the parties, including incentive distributions to the General Partner, which are subject to certain return thresholds being achieved. The General Partner previously agreed to share with the Advisor a portion of any incentive distributions paid to the General Partner by the BTC Partnership in an amount equal to 40% of the percentage interest of the BTC Partnership held by partners other than the IPT Partners. In January 2016, the General Partner agreed to increase that amount to 60% in conjunction with the sell-down by the IPT Limited Partner of its ownership interest in the BTC Partnership, which reduced the IPT Partners’ ownership interest in the BTC Partnership from 51.0% to 20.0% (as described in “Note 6”).
In September 2016, in connection with the admission of the Advisor Sub to the BTC Partnership as a special limited partner (as described in “Note 6”), the General Partner, the Advisor and the Advisor Sub entered into an amended and restated services agreement (the “Services Agreement”). The parties entered into the Services Agreement in order for the Advisor to assign its right, title and interest in the agreement to the Advisor Sub and to remove certain provisions requiring the General Partner to pay a portion of any incentive distributions the General Partner received from the BTC Partnership in an amount equal to 60% of the percentage interest of the BTC Partnership held by partners other than the IPT Partners to the Advisor, given that the Advisor Sub has become a special limited partner of the BTC Partnership and is entitled to receive such percentage of incentive distributions directly from the BTC Partnership. The Services Agreement provides that it will terminate upon termination of the Advisory Agreement with the exception that if the Advisory Agreement is terminated other than for “cause,” the Advisor Sub will have the option, in its sole discretion, to seek to become the administrative general partner of the BTC Partnership; provided, that, the Advisor Sub will not be permitted to exercise this option in the event that the termination of the Advisory Agreement is a result of the consummation of a sale of all of the IPT Partners’ interests in the BTC Partnership to an unaffiliated party and the IPT Partners elect to exercise their rights under a separate letter agreement between the IPT Partners and the Advisor Sub regarding drag-along rights, to require the Advisor Sub to sell all of its interest in the BTC Partnership to such party. In the event the Advisor Sub exercises its option to seek to become the administrative general partner, the General Partner will seek the BCIMC Partners’ consent to make the Advisor Sub the administrative general partner of the BTC Partnership. If the Advisor Sub is made the administrative general partner, then the Services Agreement will terminate and the Advisor Sub will continue to provide the advisory services and receive the same fees as those to which the Advisor Sub was entitled under the Services Agreement prior to its termination, but the Advisor Sub will not control or manage the BTC Partnership. If the BCIMC Partners do not consent or if the Advisor determines not to seek to become the administrative general partner, then the Services Agreement will terminate. As a result of the payment of the fees pursuant to the Services Agreement, the fees payable to the Advisor pursuant to the Advisory Agreement will be reduced by the product of (i) the fees actually paid to the Advisor pursuant to the Services Agreement, and (ii) the percentage interest of the joint venture owned by the IPT Partners (currently 20.0%). For the year ended December 31, 2016 and for the period from February 12, 2015 to December 31, 2015, the BTC Partnership incurred approximately $3.6 million and $2.6 million, respectively, in acquisition and asset management fees which were paid to the Advisor and the Advisor Sub pursuant to the Services Agreement.
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As of December 31, 2016, the Company had amounts payable to the BTC Partnership of approximately $0.3 million, which were recorded in due to affiliates on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Expense Support Agreement
In October 2013, the Company entered into an Expense Support and Conditional Reimbursement Agreement (as amended, the “Expense Support Agreement”) with the Operating Partnership and the Advisor. Pursuant to the Expense Support Agreement, the Advisor has agreed to defer payment of all or a portion of the asset management fee otherwise payable to it pursuant to the Advisory Agreement if Company-defined funds from operations (“CDFFO”), as disclosed in the Company’s quarterly and annual reports, for a particular quarter is less than the aggregate distributions that would have been declared for such quarter assuming daily distributions at a specified quarterly rate per share of common stock (the “Baseline Distributions”). Baseline Distributions were equal to: $0.11250 per share from January 1 through June 30, 2014; $0.11875 per share from July 1 through September 30, 2014; and $0.1250 per share from October 1, 2014 through June 30, 2015. In addition, pursuant to the Expense Support Agreement that was in effect through June 30, 2015, prior to the amendment and restatement of the agreement as described below, the Advisor, in its sole discretion, could elect to fund certain expenses of the Company and the Operating Partnership as expense support payments. Subject to certain conditions and limitations, the Advisor is entitled to reimbursement from the Company for any asset management fees that were deferred and any expense support payments that it made pursuant to the agreement that was in effect through June 30, 2015.
The Expense Support Agreement was amended and restated on August 14, 2015, effective from July 1, 2015 through June 30, 2018. Pursuant to the amended and restated Expense Support Agreement, for the period from July 1, 2015 through June 30, 2018, Baseline Distributions means the aggregate distributions that are declared on the Company’s common stock in accordance with the quarterly distribution rate for such quarter; provided that for purposes of calculating the amount of payment by the Advisor pursuant to the agreement, such amount will not exceed the amount that would have been declared on shares of the Company’s common stock assuming a quarterly distribution rate of $0.13515 per share (which is the rate that the Company’s board of directors authorized for the fourth quarter of 2015 and each quarter of 2016 with respect to the Company’s Class A shares and the Company’s Class T shares (less the annual distribution fees that are payable monthly with respect to such Class T shares, as calculated on a daily basis)). Starting with any asset management fees waived pursuant to the agreement on or after July 1, 2015, the Advisor will not be entitled to reimbursement from the Company.
In addition, beginning on July 1, 2015 and ending upon the termination or expiration of the agreement, if, in a given calendar quarter, the Company’s CDFFO is less than the Baseline Distributions for such quarter, and the waived asset management fee is not sufficient to satisfy the shortfall for such quarter (a “Deficiency”), the Advisor will be required to fund certain expenses of the Company or the Operating Partnership in an amount equal to such Deficiency. Starting with any such payments made by the Advisor on or after July 1, 2015 to cover a Deficiency, the Advisor is not entitled to reimbursement from the Company. The Expense Support Agreement, as amended, will govern all waivers and payments made by the Advisor from July 1, 2015 through the second quarter of 2018. The Advisor still will be entitled to reimbursement of amounts owed to it by the Company prior to July 1, 2015 pursuant to the prior versions of the agreement in accordance with the terms thereof.
For the period beginning on July 1, 2015 and terminating on the earlier of the expiration or termination of the agreement, in no event will the aggregate of the waived asset management fees and the Deficiency support payments, when added to all amounts deferred or paid by the Advisor prior to August 14, 2015 under the prior versions of the Expense Support Agreement (approximately $5.4 million), exceed $30.0 million (the “Maximum Amount”). As of December 31, 2016, the Company has fully reimbursed the $5.4 million that was potentially reimbursable to the Advisor, and there are no additional amounts reimbursable under the Expense Support Agreement.
Although the Expense Support Agreement has an effective term through June 30, 2018, it may be terminated prior thereto without cause or penalty by a majority of the Company’s independent directors upon 30 days’
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written notice to the Advisor. In addition, the Advisor’s obligations under the Expense Support Agreement will immediately terminate upon the earlier to occur of (i) the termination or non-renewal of the Advisory Agreement, (ii) the delivery by the Company of notice to the Advisor of the Company’s intention to terminate or not renew the Advisory Agreement, (iii) the Company’s completion of a liquidity event or (iv) the time the Advisor has deferred, waived or paid the Maximum Amount. Except with respect to the early termination events described above, any obligation of the Advisor to make payments under the Expense Support Agreement with respect to the calendar quarter ending June 30, 2018 will remain operative and in full force and effect through the end of such quarter.
The table below provides information regarding the fees deferred or waived or expenses supported by the Advisor, as well as any amounts reimbursed to the Advisor by the Company:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the Year Ended
December 31, | |
(in thousands) | | 2016 | | | 2015 | | | 2014 | |
Asset management fees deferred/waived | | $ | 267 | | | $ | 3,370 | | | $ | 902 | |
Other expenses supported | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,594 | |
Reimbursement of previously deferred amounts | | | (5,378 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total expense support from (repayment to) Advisor (1) | | $ | (5,111 | ) | | $ | 3,370 | | | $ | 3,496 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | As of December 31, 2015, approximately $0.8 million of expense support was payable to the Company by the Advisor. No amounts were payable or receivable as of December 31, 2016. |
Transactions with Affiliates
In September 2012, the Company sold 20,000 shares of common stock to the Advisor at a price of $10.00 per share. The Company subsequently contributed $2,000 to IPT-GP Inc. (“IPT-GP”), which was a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and was the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership until March 2013, when IPT-GP was dissolved as described below.
In September 2012, the Operating Partnership issued 19,800 Operating Partnership Units (“OP Units”) to the Company in exchange for $198,000, representing an approximate 99% limited partner interest. In addition, IPT-GP contributed $2,000 to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 200 OP Units, representing an approximate 1% general partner interest. In March 2013, IPT-GP was dissolved and its 200 OP Units, representing the sole general partner interest in the Operating Partnership, were distributed to the Company as the sole stockholder of IPT-GP. As a result, the Company owns 20,000 OP Units and is the general partner and a limited partner of the Operating Partnership. The rights of the holders of OP Units are limited and do not include the ability to replace the general partner or to approve the sale, purchase or refinancing of the Operating Partnership’s assets. Additionally, the Operating Partnership issued 100 partnership units (“Special Units”) to Industrial Property Advisors Group LLC, the parent of the Advisor, in exchange for $1,000. These units are classified as noncontrolling interests. See “Note 13” for additional information regarding the issuance of Special Units.
15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company and the Operating Partnership are not presently involved in any material litigation nor, to the Company’s knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against the Company or its investments.
Environmental Matters
A majority of the properties the Company acquires are subject to environmental reviews either by the Company or the previous owners. In addition, the Company may incur environmental remediation costs associated with certain land parcels it may acquire in connection with the development of land. The Company has acquired
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certain properties in urban and industrial areas that may have been leased to or previously owned by commercial and industrial companies that discharged hazardous material. The Company may purchase various environmental insurance policies to mitigate its exposure to environmental liabilities. The Company is not aware of any environmental liabilities that it believes would have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, or results of operations as of December 31, 2016.
16. SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
Selected quarterly financial data is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the Quarter Ended | |
(in thousands, except per share data) | | March 31 | | | June 30 | | | September 30 | | | December 31 | |
2016 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | $ | 33,252 | | | $ | 40,447 | | | $ | 50,207 | | | $ | 52,383 | |
Total operating expenses | | $ | (42,914 | ) | | $ | (54,901 | ) | | $ | (55,408 | ) | | $ | (53,353 | ) |
Total other expenses | | $ | (4,611 | ) | | $ | (5,772 | ) | | $ | (8,939 | ) | | $ | (8,575 | ) |
Total expense support from (repayment to) Advisor | | $ | 267 | | | $ | (1,431 | ) | | $ | (3,947 | ) | | $ | — | |
Net loss | | $ | (14,006 | ) | | $ | (21,657 | ) | | $ | (18,087 | ) | | $ | (9,545 | ) |
Net loss attributable to common stockholders | | $ | (14,006 | ) | | $ | (21,657 | ) | | $ | (18,102 | ) | | $ | (9,561 | ) |
Net loss per common share—basic and diluted (1) | | $ | (0.12 | ) | | $ | (0.17 | ) | | $ | (0.13 | ) | | $ | (0.06 | ) |
Weighted-average shares outstanding | | | 114,323 | | | | 129,118 | | | | 139,486 | | | | 150,913 | |
2015 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | $ | 8,251 | | | $ | 10,150 | | | $ | 13,510 | | | $ | 19,223 | |
Total operating expenses | | $ | (12,119 | ) | | $ | (13,445 | ) | | $ | (22,244 | ) | | $ | (35,198 | ) |
Total other expenses | | $ | (1,713 | ) | | $ | (1,862 | ) | | $ | (2,359 | ) | | $ | (3,114 | ) |
Total expense support from Advisor | | $ | 542 | | | $ | 1,034 | | | $ | 441 | | | $ | 1,353 | |
Net loss | | $ | (5,039 | ) | | $ | (4,123 | ) | | $ | (10,652 | ) | | $ | (17,736 | ) |
Net loss attributable to common stockholders | | $ | (5,039 | ) | | $ | (4,123 | ) | | $ | (10,652 | ) | | $ | (17,736 | ) |
Net loss per common share—basic and diluted (1) | | $ | (0.18 | ) | | $ | (0.09 | ) | | $ | (0.19 | ) | | $ | (0.23 | ) |
Weighted-average shares outstanding | | | 28,485 | | | | 44,770 | | | | 56,948 | | | | 76,522 | |
| (1) | Quarterly net loss per common share amounts do not total the annual net loss per common share amount due to changes in the number of weighted-average shares outstanding calculated on a quarterly and annual basis and included in the net loss per share calculation. |
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17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Status of Offering
A summary of the Company’s public offering, as of March 6, 2017, is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | Class A | | | Class T | | | Total | |
Amount of gross proceeds raised: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Primary offering | | | $ 986,810 | | | | $582,969 | | | | $1,569,779 | |
DRIP offering | | | 41,741 | | | | 11,281 | | | | 53,022 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total offering | | | $1,028,551 | | | | $594,250 | | | | $1,622,801 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Number of shares sold: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Primary offering | | | 97,217 | | | | 59,202 | | | | 156,419 | |
DRIP offering | | | 4,251 | | | | 1,151 | | | | 5,402 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total offering | | | 101,468 | | | | 60,353 | | | | 161,821 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of March 6, 2017, approximately $255.2 million in shares of common stock remained available for sale pursuant to the primary offering in any combination of Class A shares or Class T shares and $122.0 million in shares of common stock remained available for sale through the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan. The board of directors, in its sole discretion, may determine to further reallocate distribution reinvestment plan shares for sale in the primary offering.
Dispositions
In February 2017, the Company sold to third parties all four industrial buildings that were classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2016, for net proceeds of approximately $15.9 million. Total disposition fees and expenses were $0.8 million, which included $0.4 million that was paid to the Advisor. All of the buildings were located in the Atlanta market. Total net gain on the transaction was approximately $0.1 million.
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| ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
None.
| ITEM 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the direction of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of December 31, 2016. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2016, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based upon criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013). Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2016.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended December 31, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
| ITEM 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION |
None.
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PART III
| ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE |
The information required by this item will be included under the headings “Board of Directors,” “Executive Officers,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” and “Corporate Governance” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and such required information is incorporated herein by reference.
| ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION |
The information required by this item will be included under the heading “Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and such required information is incorporated herein by reference.
| ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
The information required by this item will be included under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and such required information is incorporated herein by reference.
| ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE |
The information required by this item will be included under the heading “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and such required information is incorporated herein by reference.
| ITEM 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES |
The information required by this item will be included under the heading “Principal Accountant Fees and Services” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and such required information is incorporated herein by reference.
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PART IV
| ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES |
| (a) | 1.Financial Statements—The financial statements are included under Item 8 of this report. |
2.Financial Statement Schedule—The following financial statement schedule is included in Item 15(c):
Schedule III—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation.
All other financial statement schedules are not required under the related instructions or because the required information has been disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and the notes related thereto.
The following exhibits are filed as part of this annual report on Form 10-K:
| | |
EXHIBIT NUMBER | | DESCRIPTION |
| 3.1 | | Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Industrial Property Trust Inc., dated July 16, 2013. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on July 17, 2013. |
| |
| 3.2 | | Articles Supplementary of Industrial Property Trust Inc., dated August 8, 2013. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on August 14, 2013. |
| |
| 3.3 | | Articles of Amendment of Industrial Property Trust Inc., dated August 27, 2013. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2014. |
| |
| 3.4 | | Certificate of Correction to Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Industrial Property Trust Inc., dated March 19, 2014. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on April 16, 2014. |
| |
| 3.5 | | Articles Supplementary of Industrial Property Trust Inc., dated August 13, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 14, 2015. |
| |
| 3.6 | | Articles of Amendment of Industrial Property Trust Inc., dated August 13, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 14, 2015. |
| |
| 3.7 | | Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of Industrial Property Trust Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on April 16, 2014. |
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| 4.1 | | Second Amended and Restated Distribution Reinvestment Plan. Incorporated by reference to Appendix E to the prospectus included in Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on August 14, 2015. |
| |
| 4.2 | | Third Amended and Restated Distribution Reinvestment Plan, effective as of October 31, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 20, 2016. |
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| 4.3 | | Amended and Restated Share Redemption Program, effective as of September 15, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 14, 2015. |
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| 4.4 | | Second Amended and Restated Share Redemption Program, effective as of October 31, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 20, 2016. |
136
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EXHIBIT NUMBER | | DESCRIPTION |
| 10.1 | | Amended and Restated Escrow Agreement, dated as of August 13, 2013, by and among Dividend Capital Securities LLC, Industrial Property Trust Inc. and UMB Bank, N.A. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on August 14, 2013. |
| 10.2 | | Management Agreement, dated as of July 16, 2013, by and between Industrial Property Operating Partnership LP and Dividend Capital Property Management LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on July 17, 2013. |
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| 10.3 | | Industrial Property Trust Inc. Equity Incentive Plan, dated as of July 16, 2013. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on July 17, 2013. |
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| 10.4 | | Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into between Industrial Property Trust Inc. and each of the following persons as of July 16, 2013: Evan H. Zucker, Dwight L. Merriman III, Thomas G. McGonagle, Joshua J. Widoff, Marshall M. Burton, Charles B. Duke and Stanley A. Moore. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on July 17, 2013. |
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| 10.5 | | Purchase and Sale Agreement dated August 5, 2013, by and between West Valley Distribution Associates-I, LP and IIT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2014. |
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| 10.6 | | First Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement dated September 4, 2013, by and between West Valley Distribution Associates-I, LP and IIT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2014. |
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| 10.7 | | Reinstatement and Second Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement dated September 19, 2013, by and between West Valley Distribution Associates-I, LP and IIT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2014. |
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| 10.8 | | Third Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement dated November 22, 2013, by and among IIT Acquisitions LLC and IPT West Valley DC LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2014. |
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| 10.9 | | Assignment and Assumption Agreement dated December 18, 2013, by and between West Valley Distribution Associates-I, LP and IIT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2014. |
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| 10.10 | | Credit Agreement, dated as of January 13, 2014, among Industrial Property Operating Partnership LP, a Delaware limited partnership, as the Borrower; the lenders from time to time who are parties thereto; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent; Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Syndication Agent; J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as Co-Bookrunner and Co-Lead Arranger; and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as Co-Bookrunner and Co-Lead Arranger. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 16, 2014. |
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| 10.11 | | Selected Dealer Agreement, dated as of January 21, 2014, by and between Industrial Property Trust Inc., Industrial Property Advisors LLC, Dividend Capital Securities LLC, Industrial Property Advisors Group LLC, and Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 23, 2014. |
137
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EXHIBIT NUMBER | | DESCRIPTION |
| 10.12 | | Amendment to Selected Dealer Agreement, dated as of January 21, 2014, by and between Industrial Property Trust Inc., Industrial Property Advisors LLC, Dividend Capital Securities LLC, Industrial Property Advisors Group LLC, and Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on April 16, 2014. |
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| 10.13 | | Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated February 10, 2014, by and between Paula Begoun Investments, LLC, and IPT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 toPost-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on March 13, 2014. |
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| 10.14 | | Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of February 14, 2014, among Industrial Property Operating Partnership LP; the lenders party hereto; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent; Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Syndication Agent; J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as Co-Lead Arranger and Joint Bookrunner; and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as Co-Lead Arranger and Joint Bookrunner; Keybank National Association, as Co-Documentation Agent; and Regions Bank, as Co-Documentation Agent. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No.333-184126) filed with the SEC on March 13, 2014. |
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| 10.15 | | Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2014, by and between CPDC III, LLC and IPT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on March 13, 2014. |
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| 10.16 | | Purchase and Sale Agreement and Joint Escrow Instructions, dated as of April 8, 2014, by and between IPT Acquisitions LLC and ProLogis-A4 FL I LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on April 16, 2014. |
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| 10.17 | | Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated May 13, 2014, between TPRF III/Rialto Industrial LLC and IPT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on July 16, 2014. |
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| 10.18 | | Purchase and Sale Agreement and Joint Escrow Instructions, dated May 19, 2014, by and between IPT Acquisitions LLC and Palmtree Acquisition Corporation. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on July 16, 2014. |
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| 10.19 | | Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated June 6, 2014, by and between Kylie Capital LLC and IPT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on July 16, 2014. |
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| 10.20 | | Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated July 29, 2014, by and between Baird Investment Company, Frederick C. Mansfield, Trustee of the Sylvia Baldwin Mansfield Trust dated November 21, 1975, as amended and restated, and IPT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on October 16, 2014. |
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| 10.21 | | Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated August 5, 2014, by and between IPT Acquisitions LLC and Avera Development, LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on October 16, 2014. |
138
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EXHIBIT NUMBER | | DESCRIPTION |
| 10.22 | | Agreement of Sale, dated September 5, 2014, by and between IPT O’Hare DC LLC and IAC 1000 County Line L.L.C. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on October 16, 2014. |
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| 10.23 | | Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated September 5, 2014, by and between CRP-3 BWIC I, LLC, CRP-3 BWIC II, LLC, and IPT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (FileNo. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on October 16, 2014. |
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| 10.24 | | Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated September 16, 2014, by and between Elgin Realty Company, LLP and IPT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on October 16, 2014. |
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| 10.25 | | Contract for Sale and Purchase, dated October 15, 2014, by and between CostCo Way 8, LLC and IPT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report onForm 8-K filed with the SEC on October 16, 2014. |
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| 10.26 | | Agreement of Purchase and Sale, dated October 31, 2014, by and between CRP Oakmont Flower Mound, L.L.C., CRP Oakmont Grand Prairie, L.L.C., and IPT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on January 16, 2015. |
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| 10.27 | | Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated November 19, 2014, by and between Totowa Property Associates, LLC and IPT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 toPost-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on January 16, 2015. |
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| 10.28 | | Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 21, 2014, among Industrial Property Operating Partnership LP, a Delaware limited partnership, as the Borrower; the lenders from time to time who are parties thereto; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent; Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Syndication Agent; J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as Joint Bookrunner and Co-Lead Arranger; Wells Fargo Securities, LLC as Joint Bookrunner and Co-Lead Arranger; Keybank National Association, as Co-Documentation Agent; and Regions Bank, as Co-Documentation Agent. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 25, 2014. |
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| 10.29 | | Real Estate Contract, dated December 4, 2014, by and between Carson Bayport I LP and IPT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on January 16, 2015. |
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| 10.30 | | Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated December 8, 2014, by and between Holman Distribution Center of Oregon, Inc., Hawthorne Investment Company, Clark Family LLC, Clark Properties North Wing LLC and Clark Properties South Wing LLC and IPT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on January 16, 2015. |
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| 10.31 | | Sale, Purchase and Escrow Agreement, dated December 9, 2014, among Peachtree North Business Park, LLC, IPT Acquisitions LLC and Calloway Title and Escrow, LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on January 16, 2015. |
139
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EXHIBIT NUMBER | | DESCRIPTION |
| 10.32 | | First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of December 19, 2014, among Industrial Property Operating Partnership LP, as the Borrower; the lenders from time to time who are parties thereto; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and as a lender; Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Syndication Agent and as a lender; J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as Joint Bookrunner and Co-Lead Arranger; Wells Fargo Securities, LLC as Joint Bookrunner and Co-Lead Arranger; KeyBank National Association, as Co-Documentation Agent and as a lender; Regions Bank, as Co-Documentation Agent and as a lender; U.S. Bank National Association as a lender; Capital One, National Association as a lender; and Fifth Third Bank as a lender. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 23, 2014. |
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| 10.33 | | Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Build-To-Core Industrial Partnership I LP, dated as of February 12, 2015, by and among IPT BTC I GP LLC, IPT BTC I LP LLC, bcIMC International Real Estate (2004) Investment Corporation, and bcIMC (WCBAF) Realpool Global Investment Corporation. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333- 184126) filed with the SEC on April 17, 2015. |
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| 10.34 | | Amended and Restated Agreement by and between IPT BTC I GP LLC and Industrial Property Advisors LLC, effective as of February 12, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (FileNo. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on April 17, 2015. |
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| 10.35 | | Private Placement Equity Incentive Plan, dated February 26, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on April 17, 2015. |
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| 10.36 | | Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Private Placement Equity Incentive Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on April 17, 2015. |
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| 10.37 | | Form of Director Stock Grant Agreement for Equity Incentive Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on April 17, 2015. |
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| 10.38 | | Form of Restricted Stock Grant Agreement for Consultants for Equity Incentive Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on April 17, 2015. |
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| 10.39 | | Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 16, 2015, among Industrial Property Operating Partnership LP, as the Borrower; the lenders from time to time who are parties thereto; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and as a lender; Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Syndication Agent and as a lender; J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as Joint Bookrunner and Co-Lead Arranger; Wells Fargo Securities, LLC as Joint Bookrunner and Co-Lead Arranger; KeyBank National Association, as Co-Documentation Agent and as a lender; Regions Bank, as Co-Documentation Agent and as a lender; U.S. Bank National Association as a lender; Capital One, National Association as a lender; and Fifth Third Bank as a lender. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on April 17, 2015. |
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| 10.40 | | Credit Agreement, dated as of June 5, 2015, by and among BTC Intermediate Holdco LP, Build-To-Core Industrial Partnership I LP, each of the subsidiary guarantors party thereto from time to time, Regions Bank, the other lenders party thereto and other lenders that may become parties thereto, U.S. Bank National Association and Regions Capital Markets and U.S. Bank National Association. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 9, 2015. |
140
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EXHIBIT NUMBER | | DESCRIPTION |
| 10.41 | | Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Expense Support and Conditional Reimbursement Agreement, effective as of June 30, 2015, by and among Industrial Property Trust Inc., Industrial Property Operating Partnership LP and Industrial Property Advisors LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.45 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on April 17, 2015. |
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| 10.42 | | Third Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement, dated as of August 14, 2015, among Industrial Property Trust Inc., Industrial Property Operating Partnership LP and Industrial Property Advisors LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 14, 2015. |
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| 10.43 | | Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Industrial Property Operating Partnership LP, dated as of August 14, 2015, among Industrial Property Trust, Inc., as general partner, and the Limited Partners thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 14, 2015. |
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| 10.44 | | Third Amended and Restated Waiver and Expense Support Agreement, effective as of August 14, 2015, by and among Industrial Property Trust Inc., Industrial Property Operating Partnership LP and Industrial Property Advisors LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 14, 2015. |
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| 10.45 | | Amendment No. 2 to the Selected Dealer Agreement, dated as of August 28, 2015, by and between Industrial Property Trust Inc., Industrial Property Advisors LLC, Dividend Capital Securities LLC and Ameriprise Financial Services. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 2, 2015. |
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| 10.46 | | Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into between Industrial Property Trust Inc. and John S. Hagestad as of September 2, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on July 17, 2013. |
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| 10.47 | | Loan Agreement, dated as of September 25, 2015, by and among IPT Bayport DC LP, IPT Centreport DC LP, IPT Century DC LP, IPT Livermore DC LP, IPT Rialto DC LP, IPT O’Hare DC LLC and IPT Windham IC LLC, as Borrower, and Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America, as Lender. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 29, 2015. |
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| 10.48 | | Purchase and Sale Agreements dated November 24, 2015, by and between LBA/MET PartnersI-Company II, LLC and IPT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.48 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 10, 2016. |
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| 10.49 | | Purchase and Sale Agreements dated November 24, 2015, by and between LBA/MET PartnersI-Company III, LLC and IPT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 10, 2016. |
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| 10.50 | | Purchase and Sale Agreements dated November 24, 2015, by and between LBA/MET PartnersI-Company V, LLC and IPT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.50 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 10, 2016. |
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| 10.51 | | Purchase and Sale Agreements dated November 24, 2015, by and between LBA/MET Partners I-Company IX, LLC and IPT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.51 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 10, 2016. |
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| 10.52 | | Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Agreement dated as of November 25, 2015 by and between IPT BTC I GP LLC and Industrial Property Advisors LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.52 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 10, 2016. |
141
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EXHIBIT NUMBER | | DESCRIPTION |
| 10.53 | | Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated November 27, 2015, by and between AP Zephyr Street LLC, AP Commerce Parkway LLC, AP Polk Lane LLC, AP Quality Drive LLC, AP Quest Way LLC, AP MIAC Cove LLC, AP Pleasant Hill LLC and IPT Acquisitions LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.53 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 10, 2016. |
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| 10.54 | | Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2015, among Industrial Property Operating Partnership LP, a Delaware limited partnership, as the Borrower; the lenders from time to time who are parties thereto; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent; Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Syndication Agent; J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as Joint Lead Arranger and Joint Bookrunner; Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as Joint Lead Arranger and Joint Bookrunner; Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as Joint Lead Arranger; Bank of America, N.A., as Co-Documentation Agent; U.S. Bank National Association, as Joint Lead Arranger and Co-Documentation Agent; and Regions Bank, as Co-Documentation Agent. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 9, 2015. |
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| 10.55 | | Interest Purchase Agreement, dated December 28, 2015, by and between bcIMC (USA) Realty Div 2A LLC and IPT BTC I LP LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.55 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 10, 2016. |
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| 10.56 | | Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Build-To-Core Industrial Partnership I LP, dated as of January 28, 2016, by and among IPT BTC I GP LLC, IPT BTC I LP LLC, bcIMC International Real Estate (2004) Investment Corporation, bcIMC (WCBAF) Realpool Global Investment Corporation, and bcIMC (USA) Realty Div A2 LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.60 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-184126) filed with the SEC on April 8, 2016. |
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| 10.57 | | Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Agreement, dated as of January 28, 2016, by and between IPT BTC I GP LLC and Industrial Property Advisors LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 3, 2016. |
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| 10.58 | | First Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement, dated as of February 17, 2016, by and among Industrial Property Trust Inc., Industrial Property Operating Partnership LP and Industrial Property Advisors LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 23, 2016. |
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| 10.59 | | Amendment No. 3 to the Selected Dealer Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2016, by and among Industrial Property Trust Inc., Industrial Property Advisors LLC, Dividend Capital Securities LLC and Ameriprise Financial Services. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.59 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 11, 2016. |
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| 10.60 | | Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated April 21, 2016, by and among IPT Acquisitions LLC, AP Redlands LLC, AP Barrett Lakes 2700 LLC, AP Barrett Lakes 2750 LLC, AP Barrett Lakes 2850 LLC, AP Taylor Road LLC, AP Omega Parkway LLC, and AP Jamesburg Drive LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.60 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 11, 2016. |
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| 10.61 | | Fourth Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement, dated as of August 12, 2016, among Industrial Property Trust Inc., Industrial Property Operating Partnership LP and Industrial Property Advisors LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 16, 2016. |
142
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EXHIBIT NUMBER | | DESCRIPTION |
| 10.62 | | Third Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Build-To-Core Industrial Partnership I LP, dated as of September 15, 2016, by and among IPT BTC I GP LLC, IPT BTC I LP LLC, Industrial Property Advisors Sub I LLC, bcIMC International Real Estate (2004) Investment Corporation, bcIMC (WCBAF) Realpool Global Investment Corporation and bcIMC (USA) Realty Div A2 LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 20, 2016. |
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| 10.63 | | Second Amended and Restated Agreement by and among IPT BTC I GP LLC, Industrial Property Advisors Sub I LLC, and Industrial Property Advisors LLC, dated as of September 15, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 20, 2016. |
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| 10.64 | | Letter Agreement Regarding Drag-Along Rights, dated as of September 15, 2016, by and among IPT BTC I GP LLC, IPT BTC I LP LLC and Industrial Property Advisors Sub I LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 20, 2016. |
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| 10.65 | | Amendment No. 4 to Selected Dealer Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2016, by and among Industrial Property Trust Inc., Dividend Capital Securities LLC, Industrial Property Advisors LLC, Industrial Property Advisor Group LLC and Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2016. |
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| 10.66 | | Cost Reimbursement Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2016, by and among Industrial Property Trust Inc., Dividend Capital Securities LLC, Industrial Property Advisors LLC, Industrial Property Advisors Group LLC and American Enterprise Investment Services Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 3, 2016. |
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| 21.1* | | List of Subsidiaries of Industrial Property Trust Inc. |
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| 23.1* | | Consent of KPMG LLP |
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| 31.1* | | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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| 31.2* | | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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| 32.1** | | Certifications of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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| 101 | | The following materials from Industrial Property Trust Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed on March 15, 2017, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
143
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Industrial Property Trust Inc.:
Under date of March 15, 2017, we reported on the consolidated balance sheets of Industrial Property Trust Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2016. In connection with our audits of the aforementioned consolidated financial statements, we also audited the related consolidated financial statement schedule, Schedule III—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation (“Schedule III”). Schedule III is the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on Schedule III based on our audits.
In our opinion, Schedule III—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
Denver, Colorado
March 15, 2017
144
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY TRUST INC.
SCHEDULE III—REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Initial Cost to Company | | | Costs
Capitalized or
Adjustments
Subsequent
to Acquisition | | | Gross Amount Carried as of
December 31, 2016 (3) | | | Accumulated
Depreciation
and
Amortization
(4) | | | Acquisition
Date /
Completion
Date | | | Depreciable
Life
(Years) | |
($ in thousands) | | # of
Buildings | | | Debt (1) | | | Land | | | Buildings and
Improvements
(2) | | | Total
Costs | | | | Land | | | Buildings and
Improvements
(2) | | | Total
Costs
(4) | | | | |
Consolidated Industrial Properties: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
West Valley Distribution Center in Kent, WA | | | 1 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,051 | | | $ | 4,801 | | | $ | 7,852 | | | $ | 236 | | | $ | 3,051 | | | $ | 5,037 | | | $ | 8,088 | | | $ | (1,249 | ) | | | 1/15/2014 | | | | 1-20 | |
Century Distribution Center in Houston, TX | | | 1 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 2,854 | | | | 8,658 | | | | 11,512 | | | | — | | | | 2,854 | | | | 8,658 | | | | 11,512 | | | | (796 | ) | | | 3/17/2014 | | | | 1-40 | |
Oakesdale Commerce Center in Renton, WA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,483 | | | | 2,518 | | | | 4,001 | | | | 94 | | | | 1,483 | | | | 2,612 | | | | 4,095 | | | | (369 | ) | | | 3/28/2014 | | | | 1-40 | |
Medley Distribution Center in Medley, FL | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,090 | | | | 2,970 | | | | 4,060 | | | | 30 | | | | 1,090 | | | | 3,000 | | | | 4,090 | | | | (544 | ) | | | 5/9/2014 | | | | 1-40 | |
Rialto Distribution Center in Rialto, CA | | | 1 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 6,575 | | | | 13,375 | | | | 19,950 | | | | — | | | | 6,575 | | | | 13,375 | | | | 19,950 | | | | (1,276 | ) | | | 6/6/2014 | | | | 1-40 | |
Palm Beach Commerce Center in Boca Raton, FL | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,425 | | | | 5,775 | | | | 7,200 | | | | 18 | | | | 1,425 | | | | 5,793 | | | | 7,218 | | | | (864 | ) | | | 6/20/2014 | | | | 1-20 | |
Windham Industrial Center in Romeoville, IL | | | 1 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 2,808 | | | | 8,092 | | | | 10,900 | | | | 828 | | | | 2,808 | | | | 8,920 | | | | 11,728 | | | | (1,243 | ) | | | 6/30/2014 | | | | 1-30 | |
Corridor Industrial Center in Savage, MD | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 4,247 | | | | 5,634 | | | | 9,881 | | | | 109 | | | | 4,247 | | | | 5,743 | | | | 9,990 | | | | (854 | ) | | | 9/16/2014 | | | | 1-20 | |
O’Hare Distribution Center in Elmhurst, IL | | | 1 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 11,140 | | | | 15,810 | | | | 26,950 | | | | 8 | | | | 11,140 | | | | 15,818 | | | | 26,958 | | | | (2,094 | ) | | | 9/17/2014 | | | | 1-40 | |
Lehigh Valley Commerce Center in Kutztown, PA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,545 | | | | 4,456 | | | | 6,001 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 1,545 | | | | 4,455 | | | | 6,000 | | | | (537 | ) | | | 9/25/2014 | | | | 1-30 | |
Corridor Industrial Center II in Savage, MD | | | 3 | | | | — | | | | 11,500 | | | | 15,297 | | | | 26,797 | | | | 564 | | | | 11,500 | | | | 15,861 | | | | 27,361 | | | | (3,108 | ) | | | 9/29/2014 | | | | 1-20 | |
Bolingbrook Industrial Center in Bolingbrook, IL | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,124 | | | | 2,963 | | | | 4,087 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 1,124 | | | | 2,962 | | | | 4,086 | | | | (651 | ) | | | 9/30/2014 | | | | 1-20 | |
Normal Junction Commerce Center in Tempe, AZ | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | 2,780 | | | | 9,673 | | | | 12,453 | | | | 246 | | | | 2,780 | | | | 9,919 | | | | 12,699 | | | | (1,568 | ) | | | 10/21/2014 | | | | 1-20 | |
Mechanicsburg Distribution Center in Mechanicsburg, PA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,931 | | | | 6,444 | | | | 8,375 | | | | 86 | | | | 1,931 | | | | 6,530 | | | | 8,461 | | | | (1,001 | ) | | | 10/23/2014 | | | | 1-20 | |
West Valley Distribution Center II in Kent, WA | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | 1,885 | | | | 4,002 | | | | 5,887 | | | | 710 | | | | 1,885 | | | | 4,712 | | | | 6,597 | | | | (893 | ) | | | 10/24/2014 | | | | 1-20 | |
CentrePort Distribution Center in Fort Worth, TX | | | 1 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 2,795 | | | | 13,898 | | | | 16,693 | | | | 315 | | | | 2,795 | | | | 14,213 | | | | 17,008 | | | | (2,567 | ) | | | 10/31/2014 | | | | 1-20 | |
Tacoma Commerce Center in Tacoma, WA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,808 | | | | 1,542 | | | | 3,350 | | | | 88 | | | | 1,808 | | | | 1,630 | | | | 3,438 | | | | (291 | ) | | | 10/31/2014 | | | | 1-20 | |
Richmond Distribution Center in Richmond, CA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 8,185 | | | | 10,165 | | | | 18,350 | | | | 3,135 | | | | 8,185 | | | | 13,300 | | | | 21,485 | | | | (2,304 | ) | | | 10/31/2014 | | | | 1-20 | |
145
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Initial Cost to Company | | | Costs
Capitalized or
Adjustments
Subsequent
to Acquisition | | | Gross Amount Carried as of
December 31, 2016 (3) | | | Accumulated
Depreciation
and
Amortization
(4) | | | Acquisition
Date /
Completion
Date | | | Depreciable
Life
(Years) | |
($ in thousands) | | # of
Buildings | | | Debt (1) | | | Land | | | Buildings and
Improvements
(2) | | | Total
Costs | | | | Land | | | Buildings and
Improvements
(2) | | | Total
Costs
(4) | | | | |
Consolidated Industrial Properties (continued): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Auburn Industrial Center in Auburn, WA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 2,576 | | | | 5,274 | | | | 7,850 | | | | 498 | | | | 2,576 | | | | 5,772 | | | | 8,348 | | | | (1,121 | ) | | | 11/12/2014 | | | | 1-30 | |
Dorsey Run Distribution Center in Elkridge, MD | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 3,123 | | | | 3,962 | | | | 7,085 | | | | 166 | | | | 3,123 | | | | 4,128 | | | | 7,251 | | | | (475 | ) | | | 12/9/2014 | | | | 1-30 | |
Portland Industrial Center in Portland, OR | | | 10 | | | | — | | | | 18,422 | | | | 38,814 | | | | 57,236 | | | | 15,576 | | | | 18,422 | | | | 54,390 | | | | 72,812 | | | | (6,471 | ) | |
| 12/18/2014
4/18/2016 |
| | | 1-20 | |
Newark Distribution Center in Newark, NJ | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 8,523 | | | | 11,389 | | | | 19,912 | | | | 1,152 | | | | 8,523 | | | | 12,541 | | | | 21,064 | | | | (1,338 | ) | | | 1/6/2015 | | | | 1-20 | |
Totowa Commerce Center in Totowa, NJ | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 10,715 | | | | 15,535 | | | | 26,250 | | | | 16 | | | | 10,715 | | | | 15,551 | | | | 26,266 | | | | (1,941 | ) | | | 1/23/2015 | | | | 1-20 | |
8A Distribution Center in Monroe, NJ | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 7,949 | | | | 15,525 | | | | 23,474 | | | | 862 | | | | 7,949 | | | | 16,387 | | | | 24,336 | | | | (1,892 | ) | | | 2/2/2015 | | | | 1-30 | |
Bayport Distribution Center in Pasadena, TX | | | 2 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 4,807 | | | | 34,408 | | | | 39,215 | | | | 198 | | | | 4,807 | | | | 34,606 | | | | 39,413 | | | | (2,371 | ) | | | 2/17/2015 | | | | 1-40 | |
Mesa Distribution Center in Mesa, AZ | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,559 | | | | 4,941 | | | | 6,500 | | | | — | | | | 1,559 | | | | 4,941 | | | | 6,500 | | | | (464 | ) | | | 3/4/2015 | | | | 1-30 | |
Iron Run Distribution Center II in Allentown, PA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 2,857 | | | | 6,566 | | | | 9,423 | | | | 528 | | | | 2,857 | | | | 7,094 | | | | 9,951 | | | | (1,383 | ) | | | 4/17/2015 | | | | 1-20 | |
Hayward Industrial Center in Hayward, CA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,214 | | | | 1,841 | | | | 3,055 | | | | 85 | | | | 1,214 | | | | 1,926 | | | | 3,140 | | | | (277 | ) | | | 4/27/2015 | | | | 1-20 | |
Drew Court Commerce Center in King of Prussia, PA | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | 3,716 | | | | 8,184 | | | | 11,900 | | | | 380 | | | | 3,716 | | | | 8,564 | | | | 12,280 | | | | (1,676 | ) | | | 4/30/2015 | | | | 1-20 | |
8A Distribution Center II in Monroe, NJ | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 5,516 | | | | 9,934 | | | | 15,450 | | | | — | | | | 5,516 | | | | 9,934 | | | | 15,450 | | | | (911 | ) | | | 5/1/2015 | | | | 1-20 | |
Livermore Distribution Center in Livermore, CA | | | 1 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 4,885 | | | | 20,871 | | | | 25,756 | | | | 169 | | | | 4,885 | | | | 21,040 | | | | 25,925 | | | | (1,939 | ) | | | 5/1/2015 | | | | 1-30 | |
Chastain Meadows Distribution Center in Kennesaw, GA | | | 5 | | | | — | | | | 5,362 | | | | 40,288 | | | | 45,650 | | | | 409 | | | | 5,362 | | | | 40,697 | | | | 46,059 | | | | (3,553 | ) | | | 6/1/2015 | | | | 1-40 | |
Auburn Distribution Center in Auburn, WA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 3,984 | | | | 13,031 | | | | 17,015 | | | | 54 | | | | 3,984 | | | | 13,085 | | | | 17,069 | | | | (1,205 | ) | | | 6/10/2015 | | | | 1-20 | |
North Atlanta Portfolio in Atlanta, GA | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | 1,409 | | | | 6,352 | | | | 7,761 | | | | 484 | | | | 1,409 | | | | 6,836 | | | | 8,245 | | | | (614 | ) | | | 6/17/2015 | | | | 1-30 | |
Richmond Distribution Center II in Richmond, CA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 4,160 | | | | 9,000 | | | | 13,160 | | | | 3 | | | | 4,160 | | | | 9,003 | | | | 13,163 | | | | (624 | ) | | | 6/22/2015 | | | | 1-30 | |
Carol Stream Distribution Center in Carol Stream, IL | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 7,136 | | | | 14,264 | | | | 21,400 | | | | — | | | | 7,136 | | | | 14,264 | | | | 21,400 | | | | (1,226 | ) | | | 7/20/2015 | | | | 1-30 | |
Houston Industrial Portfolio in Houston, TX | | | 4 | | | | — | | | | 12,027 | | | | 42,485 | | | | 54,512 | | | | — | | | | 12,027 | | | | 42,485 | | | | 54,512 | | | | (2,467 | ) | |
| 7/30/2015,
9/25/2015
2/25/2016 |
| | | 1-40 | |
Wilson Commerce Center in Nashville, TN | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,897 | | | | 26,002 | | | | 27,899 | | | | 425 | | | | 1,897 | | | | 26,427 | | | | 28,324 | | | | (2,481 | ) | | | 8/7/2015 | | | | 1-40 | |
North Kent Industrial Center in Kent, WA | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | 4,065 | | | | 6,281 | | | | 10,346 | | | | 63 | | | | 4,065 | | | | 6,344 | | | | 10,409 | | | | (747 | ) | | | 8/7/2015 | | | | 1-20 | |
Long Beach Industrial Center in Long Beach, CA | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | 4,306 | | | | 4,594 | | | | 8,900 | | | | 150 | | | | 4,306 | | | | 4,744 | | | | 9,050 | | | | (457 | ) | | | 8/12/2015 | | | | 1-20 | |
Kelley Point Distribution Center in Portland, OR | | | 5 | | | | — | | | | 12,710 | | | | 60,850 | | | | 73,560 | | | | 1,173 | | | | 12,710 | | | | 62,023 | | | | 74,733 | | | | (5,045 | ) | | | 9/9/2015 | | | | 1-40 | |
Aurora Distribution Center in Aurora, IL | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 4,007 | | | | 16,993 | | | | 21,000 | | | | 85 | | | | 4,007 | | | | 17,078 | | | | 21,085 | | | | (1,020 | ) | | | 9/21/2015 | | | | 1-30 | |
Junction Industrial Center in Annapolis Junction, MD | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,934 | | | | 3,066 | | | | 5,000 | | | | 14 | | | | 1,934 | | | | 3,080 | | | | 5,014 | | | | (281 | ) | | | 9/24/2015 | | | | 1-20 | |
Demarest Distribution Center in Wayne, NJ | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 3,831 | | | | 5,110 | | | | 8,941 | | | | — | | | | 3,831 | | | | 5,110 | | | | 8,941 | | | | (303 | ) | | | 10/7/2015 | | | | 1-30 | |
146
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Initial Cost to Company | | | Costs
Capitalized or
Adjustments
Subsequent
to Acquisition | | | Gross Amount Carried as of
December 31, 2016 (3) | | | Accumulated
Depreciation
and
Amortization
(4) | | | Acquisition
Date /
Completion
Date | | | Depreciable
Life
(Years) | |
($ in thousands) | | # of
Buildings | | | Debt (1) | | | Land | | | Buildings and
Improvements
(2) | | | Total
Costs | | | | Land | | | Buildings and
Improvements
(2) | | | Total
Costs (4) | | | | |
Consolidated Industrial Properties (continued): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Salt Lake City Distribution Center in Salt Lake City, UT | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 3,514 | | | | 13,261 | | | | 16,775 | | | | 2,739 | | | | 3,514 | | | | 16,000 | | | | 19,514 | | | | (777 | ) | | | 10/23/2015 | | | | 1-30 | |
Auburn Distribution Center II in Auburn, WA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 6,159 | | | | 4,941 | | | | 11,100 | | | | 84 | | | | 6,159 | | | | 5,025 | | | | 11,184 | | | | (247 | ) | | | 11/2/2015 | | | | 1-30 | |
York Distribution Center in York, PA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 4,378 | | | | 12,022 | | | | 16,400 | | | | 120 | | | | 4,378 | | | | 12,142 | | | | 16,520 | | | | (941 | ) | | | 11/10/2015 | | | | 1-20 | |
Etiwanda Industrial Center in Ontario, CA | | | 3 | | | | — | | | | 8,916 | | | | 8,257 | | | | 17,173 | | | | 236 | | | | 8,916 | | | | 8,493 | | | | 17,409 | | | | (872 | ) | | | 11/13/2015 | | | | 1-20 | |
Cincinnati Industrial Center in Cincinnati, OH | | | 4 | | | | — | | | | 3,595 | | | | 30,857 | | | | 34,452 | | | | 680 | | | | 3,595 | | | | 31,537 | | | | 35,132 | | | | (2,501 | ) | | | 11/23/2015 | | | | 1-30 | |
Belt Line Distribution Center in Carrollton, TX | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,530 | | | | 8,070 | | | | 9,600 | | | | 342 | | | | 1,530 | | | | 8,412 | | | | 9,942 | | | | (441 | ) | | | 12/1/2015 | | | | 1-30 | |
Mid Counties Distribution Center in Santa Fe Springs, CA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 8,418 | | | | 9,783 | | | | 18,201 | | | | — | | | | 8,418 | | | | 9,783 | | | | 18,201 | | | | (505 | ) | | | 12/1/2015 | | | | 1-30 | |
Airwest Distribution Center I in Plainfield, IN | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,505 | | | | 13,095 | | | | 14,600 | | | | — | | | | 1,505 | | | | 13,095 | | | | 14,600 | | | | (767 | ) | | | 12/14/2015 | | | | 1-40 | |
Airwest Distribution Center II in Plainfield, IN | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 700 | | | | 6,044 | | | | 6,744 | | | | — | | | | 700 | | | | 6,044 | | | | 6,744 | | | | (185 | ) | | | 12/15/2015 | | | | 1-40 | |
Chicago Industrial Portfolio in Chicago, IL | | | 5 | | | | — | | | | 16,711 | | | | 52,889 | | | | 69,600 | | | | (760 | ) | | | 16,711 | | | | 52,129 | | | | 68,840 | | | | (2,431 | ) | | | 12/17/2015 | | | | 1-40 | |
Atlanta Industrial Portfolio in Atlanta, GA | | | 12 | | | | — | | | | 9,268 | | | | 50,492 | | | | 59,760 | | | | 511 | | | | 9,268 | | | | 51,003 | | | | 60,271 | | | | (5,231 | ) | | | 12/17/2015 | | | | 1-30 | |
Lehigh Valley Distribution Center in Bethlehem, PA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 9,485 | | | | 28,115 | | | | 37,600 | | | | — | | | | 9,485 | | | | 28,115 | | | | 37,600 | | | | (1,802 | ) | | | 12/22/2015 | | | | 1-30 | |
Valencia Industrial Center in Valencia, CA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 3,327 | | | | 7,673 | | | | 11,000 | | | | 234 | | | | 3,327 | | | | 7,907 | | | | 11,234 | | | | (335 | ) | | | 12/22/2015 | | | | 1-30 | |
Phoenix Industrial Portfolio in Phoenix, AZ | | | 5 | | | | — | | | | 8,722 | | | | 29,261 | | | | 37,983 | | | | 21 | | | | 8,722 | | | | 29,282 | | | | 38,004 | | | | (2,381 | ) | | | 12/22/2015 | | | | 1-40 | |
Golden State Portfolio Central Valley in Bakersfield, CA | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | 2,466 | | | | 15,633 | | | | 18,099 | | | | 5 | | | | 2,466 | | | | 15,638 | | | | 18,104 | | | | (847 | ) | | | 12/23/2015 | | | | 1-30 | |
Golden State Portfolio South LA in Chula Vista, CA | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | 6,345 | | | | 15,043 | | | | 21,388 | | | | 215 | | | | 6,345 | | | | 15,258 | | | | 21,603 | | | | (1,482 | ) | | | 12/23/2015 | | | | 1-20 | |
Golden State Portfolio East Bay Area in Newark, CA | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | 44,715 | | | | 32,517 | | | | 77,232 | | | | 3,004 | | | | 44,715 | | | | 35,521 | | | | 80,236 | | | | (3,153 | ) | | | 12/23/2015 | | | | 1-20 | |
Golden State Portfolio Central LA in Pico Rivera, CA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 11,769 | | | | 1,118 | | | | 12,887 | | | | 30 | | | | 11,769 | | | | 1,148 | | | | 12,917 | | | | (131 | ) | | | 12/23/2015 | | | | 1-20 | |
Golden State Portfolio South Bay Area in San Jose, CA | | | 7 | | | | — | | | | 32,138 | | | | 22,007 | | | | 54,145 | | | | 480 | | | | 32,138 | | | | 22,487 | | | | 54,625 | | | | (2,367 | ) | |
| 12/23/2015
1/12/2016 |
| | | 1-20 | |
Northwest Industrial Center in Houston, TX | | | 11 | | | | — | | | | 29,206 | | | | 36,307 | | | | 65,513 | | | | 210 | | | | 29,206 | | | | 36,517 | | | | 65,723 | | | | (3,186 | ) | |
| 12/29/2015
1/5/2016 |
| | | 1-40 | |
Victory Industrial Portfolio in Houston, TX | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 2,572 | | | | 11,401 | | | | 13,973 | | | | — | | | | 2,572 | | | | 11,401 | | | | 13,973 | | | | (372 | ) | | | 1/13/2016 | | | | 1-40 | |
Victory Industrial Portfolio in Dallas/Ft. Worth, TX | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 2,781 | | | | 20,280 | | | | 23,061 | | | | — | | | | 2,781 | | | | 20,280 | | | | 23,061 | | | | (620 | ) | | | 1/13/2016 | | | | 1-40 | |
147
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Initial Cost to Company | | | Costs
Capitalized or
Adjustments
Subsequent
to Acquisition | | | Gross Amount Carried as of
December 31, 2016 (3) | | | Accumulated
Depreciation
and
Amortization
(4) | | | Acquisition
Date /
Completion
Date | | | Depreciable
Life
(Years) | |
($ in thousands) | | # of
Buildings | | | Debt (1) | | | Land | | | Buildings and
Improvements
(2) | | | Total
Costs | | | | Land | | | Buildings and
Improvements
(2) | | | Total
Costs (4) | | | | |
Consolidated Industrial Properties (continued): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Victory Industrial Portfolio in Louisville, KY | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 900 | | | | 7,672 | | | | 8,572 | | | | 18 | | | | 900 | | | | 7,690 | | | | 8,590 | | | | (287 | ) | | | 1/13/2016 | | | | 1-40 | |
GSW Distribution Center in Dallas/Ft. Worth, TX | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 3,676 | | | | 13,327 | | | | 17,003 | | | | 3,690 | | | | 3,676 | | | | 17,017 | | | | 20,693 | | | | (271 | ) | | | 1/27/2016 | | | | 1-40 | |
National Distribution Portfolio in Stockton, CA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 4,525 | | | | 29,779 | | | | 34,304 | | | | 84 | | | | 4,525 | | | | 29,863 | | | | 34,388 | | | | (1,912 | ) | | | 1/29/2016 | | | | 1-20 | |
National Distribution Portfolio in Indianapolis, IN | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 2,362 | | | | 22,197 | | | | 24,559 | | | | 1,102 | | | | 2,362 | | | | 23,299 | | | | 25,661 | | | | (408 | ) | | | 1/29/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
National Distribution Portfolio in Memphis, TN | | | 5 | | | | — | | | | 3,806 | | | | 51,831 | | | | 55,637 | | | | 485 | | | | 3,806 | | | | 52,316 | | | | 56,122 | | | | (2,912 | ) | | | 1/29/2016 | | | | 1-40 | |
Horizon Distribution Center in King of Prussia, PA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 3,166 | | | | 6,384 | | | | 9,550 | | | | — | | | | 3,166 | | | | 6,384 | | | | 9,550 | | | | (387 | ) | | | 2/12/2016 | | | | 1-20 | |
Stockton Industrial Center in Stockton, CA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 396 | | | | 2,072 | | | | 2,468 | | | | 19 | | | | 396 | | | | 2,091 | | | | 2,487 | | | | (123 | ) | | | 2/26/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
Baseline Industrial Center in Phoenix, AZ | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 2,983 | | | | 11,017 | | | | 14,000 | | | | 20 | | | | 2,983 | | | | 11,037 | | | | 14,020 | | | | (401 | ) | | | 3/1/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
Lehigh Valley Distribution Center II in Lehigh Valley, PA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 7,093 | | | | 20,800 | | | | 27,893 | | | | 789 | | | | 7,093 | | | | 21,589 | | | | 28,682 | | | | (192 | ) | |
| 3/7/2016
5/20/2016 |
| | | 1-40 | |
Stockton Industrial Center in Stockton, CA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 486 | | | | 2,014 | | | | 2,500 | | | | (23 | ) | | | 486 | | | | 1,991 | | | | 2,477 | | | | (97 | ) | | | 3/23/2016 | | | | 1-40 | |
Lehigh Valley Business Center in Lehigh Valley, PA | | | 4 | | | | — | | | | 4,179 | | | | 8,206 | | | | 12,385 | | | | 105 | | | | 4,179 | | | | 8,311 | | | | 12,490 | | | | (865 | ) | | | 3/24/2016 | | | | 1-20 | |
Kent Industrial Property in Seattle/Tacoma, WA | | | 4 | | | | — | | | | 9,813 | | | | 21,684 | | | | 31,497 | | | | 153 | | | | 9,813 | | | | 21,837 | | | | 31,650 | | | | (1,472 | ) | | | 3/28/2016 | | | | 1-20 | |
O’Hare Industrial Center in Chicago, IL | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 3,178 | | | | 5,622 | | | | 8,800 | | | | 108 | | | | 3,178 | | | | 5,730 | | | | 8,908 | | | | (340 | ) | | | 3/31/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
Auburn 167 Industrial Center in Seattle/Tacoma, WA | | | 3 | | | | — | | | | 6,934 | | | | 15,056 | | | | 21,990 | | | | 35 | | | | 6,934 | | | | 15,091 | | | | 22,025 | | | | (793 | ) | | | 4/14/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
Trade Port Distribution Center III in Louisville, KY | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,210 | | | | 8,490 | | | | 9,700 | | | | 54 | | | | 1,210 | | | | 8,544 | | | | 9,754 | | | | (470 | ) | | | 4/26/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
Upland Distribution Center in Denver, CO | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,137 | | | | 4,963 | | | | 6,100 | | | | — | | | | 1,137 | | | | 4,963 | | | | 6,100 | | | | (295 | ) | | | 4/27/2016 | | | | 1-20 | |
Corona Industrial Center in Corona, CA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 10,958 | | | | 9,435 | | | | 20,393 | | | | 1,112 | | | | 10,958 | | | | 10,547 | | | | 21,505 | | | | (381 | ) | | | 4/27/2016 | | | | 1-40 | |
Turnpike Industrial Center in Avenel, NJ | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 3,802 | | | | 2,898 | | | | 6,700 | | | | 353 | | | | 3,802 | | | | 3,251 | | | | 7,053 | | | | (211 | ) | | | 5/4/2016 | | | | 1-20 | |
National Distribution Portfolio II in Redlands, CA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 15,951 | | | | 20,439 | | | | 36,390 | | | | 64 | | | | 15,951 | | | | 20,503 | | | | 36,454 | | | | (1,354 | ) | | | 5/19/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
National Distribution Portfolio II in Kennesaw, GA | | | 3 | | | | — | | | | 9,360 | | | | 46,665 | | | | 56,025 | | | | 908 | | | | 9,360 | | | | 47,573 | | | | 56,933 | | | | (2,455 | ) | | | 5/19/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
National Distribution Portfolio II in Romeoville, IL | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 8,319 | | | | 23,724 | | | | 32,043 | | | | — | | | | 8,319 | | | | 23,724 | | | | 32,043 | | | | (947 | ) | | | 5/19/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
National Distribution Portfolio II in Shepherdsville, KY | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 5,181 | | | | 25,386 | | | | 30,567 | | | | 648 | | | | 5,181 | | | | 26,034 | | | | 31,215 | | | | (1,704 | ) | | | 5/19/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
148
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Initial Cost to Company | | | Costs
Capitalized or
Adjustments
Subsequent
to Acquisition | | | Gross Amount Carried as of
December 31, 2016 (3) | | | Accumulated
Depreciation
and
Amortization
(4) | | | Acquisition
Date /
Completion
Date | | | Depreciable
Life
(Years) | |
($ in thousands) | | # of
Buildings | | | Debt (1) | | | Land | | | Buildings and
Improvements
(2) | | | Total
Costs | | | | Land | | | Buildings and
Improvements
(2) | | | Total
Costs (4) | | | | |
National Distribution Portfolio II in Huntersville, NC | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 4,648 | | | | 27,827 | | | | 32,475 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 4,648 | | | | 27,826 | | | | 32,474 | | | | (1,113 | ) | | | 5/19/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
Carlisle Distribution Center in Carlisle, PA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 7,892 | | | | 20,958 | | | | 28,850 | | | | — | | | | 7,892 | | | | 20,958 | | | | 28,850 | | | | (760 | ) | | | 5/19/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
Central Valley Portfolio in Tracy, CA | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | 6,132 | | | | 25,166 | | | | 31,298 | | | | — | | | | 6,132 | | | | 25,166 | | | | 31,298 | | | | (1,340 | ) | | | 5/24/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
Central Valley Portfolio in Stockton, CA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 2,107 | | | | 8,039 | | | | 10,146 | | | | 68 | | | | 2,107 | | | | 8,107 | | | | 10,214 | | | | (360 | ) | | | 5/24/2016 | | | | 1-20 | |
Cheyenne Distribution Center in Las Vegas, NV | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 5,199 | | | | 24,967 | | | | 30,166 | | | | — | | | | 5,199 | | | | 24,967 | | | | 30,166 | | | | (582 | ) | | | 5/25/2016 | | | | 1-40 | |
Peoria Distribution Center in Denver, CO | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 3,825 | | | | 17,425 | | | | 21,250 | | | | 24 | | | | 3,825 | | | | 17,449 | | | | 21,274 | | | | (572 | ) | | | 6/15/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
Trade Port Distribution Center II in Louisville, KY | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | 5,170 | | | | 47,130 | | | | 52,300 | | | | — | | | | 5,170 | | | | 47,130 | | | | 52,300 | | | | (1,076 | ) | | | 6/17/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
Northeast Distribution Portfolio in Robbinsville, NJ | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 6,309 | | | | 15,491 | | | | 21,800 | | | | — | | | | 6,309 | | | | 15,491 | | | | 21,800 | | | | (378 | ) | | | 6/20/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
Pinnacle Distribution Center II in Chicago, IL | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 8,150 | | | | 25,450 | | | | 33,600 | | | | — | | | | 8,150 | | | | 25,450 | | | | 33,600 | | | | (778 | ) | | | 6/22/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
Marina Vista Business Center in Dallas/Ft. Worth, TX | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,311 | | | | 6,169 | | | | 7,480 | | | | 1,534 | | | | 1,311 | | | | 7,703 | | | | 9,014 | | | | (4 | ) | | | 6/30/2016 | | | | 1-40 | |
Southwest Industrial Portfolio in Braselton, GA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 2,601 | | | | 26,574 | | | | 29,175 | | | | — | | | | 2,601 | | | | 26,574 | | | | 29,175 | | | | (576 | ) | | | 7/11/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
Southwest Industrial Portfolio in Memphis, TN | | | 2 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 2,991 | | | | 43,949 | | | | 46,940 | | | | — | | | | 2,991 | | | | 43,949 | | | | 46,940 | | | | (1,237 | ) | | | 7/11/2016 | | | | 1-40 | |
Alessandro Distribution Center in Riverside, CA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 16,457 | | | | 30,916 | | | | 47,373 | | | | 2,389 | | | | 16,457 | | | | 33,305 | | | | 49,762 | | | | (444 | ) | | | 7/20/2016 | | | | 1-40 | |
Lakeside Distribution Center in Dallas/Ft. Worth, TX | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 2,852 | | | | 13,483 | | | | 16,335 | | | | — | | | | 2,852 | | | | 13,483 | | | | 16,335 | | | | (241 | ) | | | 7/26/2016 | | | | 1-40 | |
East Union Distribution Center in East Rutherford, NJ | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 5,619 | | | | 6,981 | | | | 12,600 | | | | 496 | | | | 5,619 | | | | 7,477 | | | | 13,096 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 7/29/2016 | | | | 1-20 | |
Billings Industrial Portfolio in Renton, WA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 2,777 | | | | 6,799 | | | | 9,576 | | | | — | | | | 2,777 | | | | 6,799 | | | | 9,576 | | | | (180 | ) | | | 8/5/2016 | | | | 1-20 | |
Billings Industrial Portfolio in Portland, OR | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,870 | | | | 8,604 | | | | 10,474 | | | | — | | | | 1,870 | | | | 8,604 | | | | 10,474 | | | | (264 | ) | | | 8/5/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
Marley Neck Distribution Center in Baltimore, MD | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 5,215 | | | | 12,310 | | | | 17,525 | | | | 156 | | | | 5,215 | | | | 12,466 | | | | 17,681 | | | | (261 | ) | | | 8/8/2016 | | | | 1-20 | |
Lakeside Corporate Center in Flower Mound, TX | | | 4 | | | | — | | | | 6,955 | | | | 37,145 | | | | 44,100 | | | | 109 | | | | 6,955 | | | | 37,254 | | | | 44,209 | | | | (806 | ) | | | 8/16/2016 | | | | 1-40 | |
Pompano Industrial Center in Pompano Beach, FL | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | 2,995 | | | | 5,940 | | | | 8,935 | | | | — | | | | 2,995 | | | | 5,940 | | | | 8,935 | | | | (175 | ) | | | 9/7/2016 | | | | 1-20 | |
South Bay Distribution Center in Rancho Diminguez, CA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 2,448 | | | | 2,702 | | | | 5,150 | | | | — | | | | 2,448 | | | | 2,702 | | | | 5,150 | | | | (62 | ) | | | 9/8/2016 | | | | 1-20 | |
Corona Industrial Center II in Corona, CA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 8,244 | | | | 9,200 | | | | 17,444 | | | | 206 | | | | 8,244 | | | | 9,406 | | | | 17,650 | | | | — | | | | 9/13/2016 | | | | 1-40 | |
San Leandro Distribution Center in San Leandro, CA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 9,621 | | | | 579 | | | | 10,200 | | | | — | | | | 9,621 | | | | 579 | | | | 10,200 | | | | (82 | ) | | | 10/3/2016 | | | | 1-20 | |
149
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Initial Cost to Company | | | Costs
Capitalized or
Adjustments
Subsequent
to Acquisition | | | Gross Amount Carried as of
December 31, 2016 (3) | | | Accumulated
Depreciation
and
Amortization
(4) | | | Acquisition
Date /
Completion
Date | | | Depreciable
Life
(Years) | |
($ in thousands) | | # of
Buildings | | | Debt (1) | | | Land | | | Buildings and
Improvements
(2) | | | Total
Costs | | | | Land | | | Buildings and
Improvements
(2) | | | Total
Costs (4) | | | | |
South San Francisco Distribution Center in San Francisco, CA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 5,198 | | | | 2,818 | | | | 8,016 | | | | 48 | | | | 5,198 | | | | 2,866 | | | | 8,064 | | | | (50 | ) | | | 10/18/2016 | | | | 1-20 | |
Rainer Park Distribution Center in Summer, WA | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 1,883 | | | | 3,517 | | | | 5,400 | | | | — | | | | 1,883 | | | | 3,517 | | | | 5,400 | | | | (44 | ) | | | 10/27/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
Park West Distribution Center in Hebron, KY | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 3,016 | | | | 22,224 | | | | 25,240 | | | | — | | | | 3,016 | | | | 22,224 | | | | 25,240 | | | | (170 | ) | | | 11/8/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
World Park Distribution Center in Cincinnati, OH | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 943 | | | | 7,924 | | | | 8,867 | | | | — | | | | 943 | | | | 7,924 | | | | 8,867 | | | | (93 | ) | | | 11/22/2016 | | | | 1-20 | |
High Grove Distribution Center in Naperville, IL | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 2,552 | | | | 11,245 | | | | 13,797 | | | | — | | | | 2,552 | | | | 11,245 | | | | 13,797 | | | | (139 | ) | | | 11/22/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
Exeter Portfolio in BWI Corridor, MD | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 4,832 | | | | 7,589 | | | | 12,421 | | | | — | | | | 4,832 | | | | 7,589 | | | | 12,421 | | | | (46 | ) | | | 11/22/2016 | | | | 1-30 | |
Exeter Portfolio in Prince George’s County, MD | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | 5,917 | | | | 8,015 | | | | 13,932 | | | | — | | | | 5,917 | | | | 8,015 | | | | 13,932 | | | | (59 | ) | | | 11/22/2016 | | | | 1-40 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 211 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 684,280 | | | $ | 1,837,496 | | | $ | 2,521,776 | | | $ | 51,859 | | | $ | 684,280 | | | $ | 1,889,355 | | | $ | 2,573,635 | | | $ | (126,235 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | These properties include mortgage notes that are included in our total outstanding property-level borrowings of approximately $617.9 million, as of December 31, 2016. These borrowings are nonrecourse and are secured by mortgages or deeds of trust and related assignments and security interests in the collateralized properties. They have maturity dates ranging from July 2020 to December 2025 and had interest rates ranging from 2.94% to 3.52%. See “Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for more detail. |
| (2) | Includes gross intangible lease assets of $219.5 million and gross intangible lease liabilities of $30.9 million. |
| (3) | As of December 31, 2016, the aggregate cost for federal income tax purposes of investments in property was $2.6 billion (unaudited). |
| (4) | A summary of activity for investment in real estate properties is as follows: |
| | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | 2016 | | | 2015 | |
Investment in real estate properties: | | | | | | | | |
Balance at beginning of period | | $ | 1,387,814 | | | $ | 411,242 | |
Acquisition of properties | | | 1,217,652 | | | | 1,098,442 | |
Properties deconsolidated | | | — | | | | (137,199 | ) |
Properties held for sale | | | (16,421 | ) | | | — | |
Improvements | | | 41,147 | | | | 15,589 | |
Disposition of properties | | | (52,360 | ) | | | — | |
Impairment | | | (2,672 | ) | | | — | |
Other | | | (1,525 | ) | | | (260 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Balance at end of period | | $ | 2,573,635 | | | $ | 1,387,814 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Accumulated depreciation and amortization: | | | | | | | | |
Balance at beginning of period | | $ | (32,050 | ) | | $ | (4,101 | ) |
Additions charged to costs and expenses | | | (99,067 | ) | | | (28,967 | ) |
Deconsolidated accumulated depreciation and amortization | | | — | | | | 731 | |
Properties held for sale | | | 1,028 | | | | — | |
Disposition of properties | | | 2,286 | | | | — | |
Other | | | 1,568 | | | | 287 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Balance at end of period | | $ | (126,235 | ) | | $ | (32,050 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
150
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized on March 15, 2017.
| | |
| INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY TRUST INC. |
| |
| By: | | /s/ DWIGHT L. MERRIMAN III |
| | Dwight L. Merriman III |
| | Chief Executive Officer |
| | (Principal Executive Officer) |
| | |
| |
| By: | | /s/ THOMAS G. MCGONAGLE |
| | Thomas G. McGonagle |
| | Chief Financial Officer |
| | (Principal Financial Officer and |
| | Principal Accounting Officer) |
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Evan H. Zucker and Joshua J. Widoff (with full power to act alone), as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full powers of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or their substitute or substitutes, lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated and on the dates indicated.
| | | | |
Signature | | Title | | Date |
| | |
/s/ EVAN H. ZUCKER Evan H. Zucker | | Chairman of the Board and Director | | March 15, 2017 |
| | |
/s/ MARSHALL M. BURTON Marshall M. Burton | | Director | | March 15, 2017 |
| | |
/s/ CHARLES B. DUKE Charles B. Duke | | Director | | March 15, 2017 |
| | |
/s/ JOHN S. HAGESTAD John S. Hagestad | | Director | | March 15, 2017 |
| | |
/s/ STANLEY A. MOORE Stanley A. Moore | | Director | | March 15, 2017 |
| | |
/s/ DWIGHT L. MERRIMAN III Dwight L. Merriman III | | Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | | March 15, 2017 |
| | |
/s/ THOMAS G. MCGONAGLE Thomas G. McGonagle | | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | | March 15, 2017 |
