Share-Based Compensation | (5) Share-Based Compensation Certain employees of CVR Refining and employees of CVR Energy and its subsidiaries who perform services for CVR Refining participate in the equity compensation plans of CVR Refining's affiliates. Accordingly, CVR Refining has recorded compensation expense for these plans in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") Topic 1-B, " Allocations of Expenses and Related Disclosures in Financial Statements of Subsidiaries, Divisions or Lesser Business Components of Another Entity ," and in accordance with guidance regarding the accounting for share-based compensation granted to employees of an equity method investee. All compensation expense related to these plans for full-time employees of CVR Refining has been attributed 100% to CVR Refining. For employees of CVR Energy performing services for CVR Refining, CVR Refining recorded share-based compensation relative to the percentage of time spent by each employee providing services to CVR Refining as compared to the total calculated share-based compensation by CVR Energy. Long-Term Incentive Plan—CVR Energy CVR Energy has a Long-Term Incentive Plan ("CVR Energy LTIP") that permits the grant of options, stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), restricted shares, restricted share units, dividend equivalent rights, share awards and performance awards (including performance share units, performance units and performance based restricted stock). As of March 31, 2018 , only performance units remain outstanding under the CVR Energy LTIP. Individuals who are eligible to receive awards and grants under the CVR Energy LTIP include CVR Energy's or its subsidiaries' (including CVR Refining) employees, officers, consultants and directors. Performance Unit Awards In December 2016, CVR Energy entered into a performance unit award agreement (the "2016 Performance Unit Award Agreement") with Mr. Lipinski, CVR Energy's then Chief Executive Officer and President. The Partnership was responsible for reimbursing CVR Energy for its allocated portion of the performance unit award. Compensation cost for the 2016 Performance Unit Award Agreement of $1.8 million was recognized over the performance cycle from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2017, the Partnership had an outstanding liability of $1.8 million related to the 2016 performance unit award. During the three months ended March 31, 2018 , $1.8 million was paid by the Partnership related to the 2016 performance unit award. In November 2017, CVR Energy entered into a performance unit agreement (the "2017 Performance Unit Agreement") with David Lamp, CVR Energy's current Chief Executive Officer and President. Compensation cost for the 2017 Performance Unit Agreement will be recognized over the performance cycle from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. The performance unit award of 1,500 performance units under the 2017 Performance Unit Agreement represents the right to receive, upon vesting, a cash payment equal to $1,000 multiplied by the applicable performance factor. The performance factor is determined based on the level of attainment of the applicable performance objective, and both the performance factor and performance objective(s) will be determined by CVR Energy's compensation committee. The amount paid pursuant to the award, if any, will be paid following the end of the performance cycle for the award, but no later than March 6, 2019. The Partnership is responsible for reimbursing CVR Energy for its allocated portion of the performance unit awards. Assuming a target performance threshold and that the allocation of costs from CVR Energy remains consistent with the allocation percentages in place at March 31, 2018, there was approximately $0.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the 2017 Performance Unit Agreement to be recognized over a period of 0.8 years . Total compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was approximately $0.2 million . As of March 31, 2018 , the Partnership had a liability of $0.2 million for the performance unit awards, which is recorded in personnel accruals on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. In November 2017, CVR Energy entered into a performance unit award agreement (the "2017 Performance Unit Award Agreement") with Mr. Lamp. The performance unit award represents the right to receive upon vesting, a cash payment equal to $10.0 million if the average closing price of CVR Energy's common stock over the 30 -trading day period from January 4, 2022 to February 15, 2022 is equal to or greater than $60 per share. The Partnership will be responsible for reimbursing CVR Energy for its allocated portion of the performance unit award. Assuming the target is met and that the allocation of costs from CVR Energy remains consistent with the allocation percentages in place at March 31, 2018, there was approximately $4.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the 2017 Performance Unit Award Agreement to be recognized over a period of 3.8 years . Compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 related to the award was approximately $0.3 million . As of March 31, 2018 , the Partnership had a liability of $0.3 million , for its allocated portion of the 2017 Performance Unit Award Agreement, which is recorded in personnel accruals on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Incentive Unit Awards CVR Energy has granted awards of incentive units and distribution equivalent rights to certain employees of CRLLC, CVR Energy and CVR GP, LLC. The awards are generally graded vesting awards, which are expected to vest over three years with one-third of each award vesting each year. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the respective tranche of the award. Each incentive unit and distribution equivalent right represents the right to receive, upon vesting, a cash payment equal to (i) the average fair market value of one unit of the Partnership's common units in accordance with the award agreement, plus (ii) the per unit cash value of all distributions declared and paid by the Partnership from the grant date to and including the vesting date. The awards, which are liability-classified, will be remeasured at each subsequent reporting date until they vest. Assuming the portion of time spent on CVR Refining-related matters by CVR Energy employees providing services to CVR Refining remains consistent with the amount of services provided during the three months ended March 31, 2018 , there was approximately $2.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the incentive unit awards and associated distribution equivalent rights to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.4 years . Inclusion of the vesting table is not considered meaningful due to changes in allocation percentages that may occur from time to time. The unrecognized compensation expense has been determined by the number of incentive units and associated distribution equivalent rights and respective allocation percentages for individuals for whom, as of March 31, 2018 , compensation expense has been allocated to the Partnership. Total compensation (benefit) expense recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 related to the awards was approximately $(0.4) million and $0.8 million , respectively. The Partnership is responsible for reimbursing CVR Energy for its allocated portion of the incentive unit awards. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , the Partnership had liabilities of approximately $1.7 million and $2.2 million , respectively, for its allocated portion of non-vested incentive units and associated distribution equivalent rights, which are recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Long-Term Incentive Plan – CVR Refining CVR Refining has a long-term incentive plan ("CVR Refining LTIP") that provides for the grant of options, unit appreciation rights, restricted units, phantom units, unit awards, substitute awards, other-unit based awards, cash awards, performance awards, and distribution equivalent rights, each in respect of common units. The maximum number of common units issuable under the CVR Refining LTIP is 11,070,000 . Individuals who are eligible to receive awards under the CVR Refining LTIP include (i) employees of the Partnership and its subsidiaries, (ii) employees of the general partner, (iii) members of the board of directors of the general partner and (iv) certain employees, consultants and directors of CRLLC and CVR Energy who perform services for the benefit of the Partnership. Awards of phantom units and distribution equivalent rights were granted to employees of the Partnership and its subsidiaries, its general partner and certain employees of CRLLC and CVR Energy who perform services solely for the benefit of the Partnership. The awards are generally graded-vesting awards, which are expected to vest over three years with one-third of each award vesting each year. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the respective tranche of the award. Each phantom unit and distribution equivalent right represents the right to receive, upon vesting, a cash payment equal to (i) the average fair market value of one unit of the Partnership's common units in accordance with the award agreement, plus (ii) the per unit cash value of all distributions declared and paid by the Partnership from the grant date to and including the vesting date. The awards, which are liability-classified, will be remeasured at each subsequent reporting date until they vest. A summary of phantom unit activity and changes under the CVR Refining LTIP during the three months ended March 31, 2018 is presented below: Phantom Units Weighted- Average Grant-Date Fair Value Non-vested at December 31, 2017 986,480 $ 12.03 Granted 6,658 15.02 Vested — — Forfeited (7,835 ) 12.37 Non-vested at March 31, 2018 985,303 $ 12.05 As of March 31, 2018 , there was approximately $8.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the awards under the CVR Refining LTIP to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.4 years . Total compensation expense recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 related to the awards under the CVR Refining LTIP was approximately $0.8 million and $1.0 million , respectively. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , the Partnership had liabilities of approximately $4.6 million and $3.7 million , respectively, for non-vested phantom unit awards and associated distribution equivalent rights, which are recorded in personnel accruals and accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. |