Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES A summary of the significant accounting policies consistently applied in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements follows: Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Segment Reporting The Company does not evaluate performance on a relationship-specific or transactional basis and does not distinguish its principal business or group its operations on a geographical basis for purposes of measuring performance. Accordingly, the Company believes it has a single operating segment for reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP. Concentration of Risk As of March 31, 2022, the Company's real estate investments in Texas, Georgia, Illinois, and Colorado represented 25 %, 14 %, 13 %, and 11 %, r espectively, of the net book value of its rental property assets. Any adverse economi c or real estate developments in these markets, such as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, business layoffs or downsizing, industry slowdowns, relocations of businesses, adverse weather events, changing demographics and other factors, or any decrease in demand for multifamily rentals resulting from the local business climate, could adversely affect the Company's operating results and its ability to make distributions to stockholders. Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Adoption of New Accounting Standards In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848).” ASU No. 2020-04 provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments in ASU 2020-04 are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. T he Company has elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and the assessments of effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the corresponding derivatives. Application of these expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as applicable as additional changes in the market occur. In August 2020, FASB issued ASU 2020-06, “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity”. ASU 2020-06 addresses the complexity of guidance for certain financial (convertible) instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. ASU No. 2020-06 was effective for the Company January 1, 2022 and it had no effect on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. Assets Held for Sale The Company presents rental property assets that qualify as held for sale separately in the consolidated balance sheets. Real estate assets held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Subsequent to classification of an asset as held for sale, no further depreciation is recorded. As of March 31, 2022 , the Company had no rental properties included in assets held for sale. As of December 31, 2021 , the Company had three rental properties included in assets held for sale. Rental Properties The Company records acquired rental properties at fair value on the acquisition date. The Company considers the period of future benefit of an asset to determine its appropriate useful life and depreciates the asset using the straight-line method. The Company anticipates the estimated useful lives of its assets by class as follows: Buildings 27.5 years Building improvements 5.0 to 27.5 years Furniture, fixtures, and equipment 2.0 to 5.0 years Tenant improvements Shorter of lease term or expected useful life Lease intangibles Weighted average remaining term of related lease Improvements and replacements are capitalized when they have a useful life greater than or equal to one year . Construction management fees are capitalized along with the related asset. Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company periodically evaluates its long-lived assets, primarily investments in rental properties, for impairment indicators. The review considers factors such as past and expected future operating income, market and other applicable trends and residual value, as well as the effects of leasing demand, competition and other factors. When circumstances indicate the carrying value of a property may not be recoverable, the Company reviews the asset for permanent impairment. This review is based on an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows, excluding interest charges, expected to result from the property’s use and eventual disposition. An impairment loss will be recorded to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the property for properties to be held and used. For properties held for sale, the impairment loss would be the adjustment to fair value less the estimated cost to dispose of the asset. There were no indications of impairment or impairment losses recorded on long-lived assets during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 . Allocation of the Purchase Price of Acquired and Foreclosed Assets Acquisitions that do not meet the definition of a business under FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"), Business Combinations , ("ASC 805") are accounted for as asset acquisitions. In most cases, the Company believes acquisitions of real estate will no longer be considered business combinations, as in most cases substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of tangible assets that are physically attached to each other (land and building). However, if the Company determines that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is not concentrated in either a single identifiable asset or in a group of similar identifiable assets, the Company will then perform an assessment to determine whether the asset is a business by using the framework outlined in the ASU. If the Company determines that the acquired asset is not a business, the Company will allocate the cost of the acquisition, including transaction costs, to the assets acquired or liabilities assumed based on their relative fair value. Upon the acquisition of real properties, the Company allocates the purchase price of properties to acquired tangible assets consisting of land, buildings, fixtures and improvements, identified intangible lease assets, consisting of the value of above-market and below-market leases, as applicable, the value of in-place leases, the value of tenant relationships, and liabilities, based in each case on their fair values. The Company records above-market and below-market in-place lease values for acquired properties based on the present value (using an interest rate that reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the lease. The Company amortizes any capitalized above-market or below-market lease values as an increase or reduction to rental income over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective leases. The Company measures the aggregate value of other intangible assets acquired based on the difference between (i) the property valued with existing in-place leases adjusted to market rental rates and (ii) the property valued as if it were vacant. Management’s estimates of value are determined by independent appraisers. Factors to be considered in the analysis include an estimate of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating the fair value of both the tangible and intangible acquired assets, the Company also considers information obtained about each property as a result of its pre-acquisition due diligence. In estimating carrying costs, management includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods. Management also estimates costs to execute similar leases including leasing commissions and legal and other related expenses to the extent that such costs have not already been incurred in connection with a new lease origination as part of the transaction. The total amount of other intangible assets acquired is further allocated to customer relationship intangible values based on management’s evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease and the Company’s overall relationship with that respective tenant. Characteristics to be considered by management in allocating these values include the nature and extent of the Company’s existing relationships with the tenant, the tenant’s credit quality and expectations of lease renewals (including those existing under the terms of the lease agreement), among other factors. The Company amortizes the value of in-place leases to expense over the average remaining term of the underlying leases. The value of customer relationship intangibles is amortized to expense over the initial term and any renewal periods in the respective leases, but in no event will the amortization periods for the intangible assets exceed the remaining depreciable life of the building. The determination of the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired requires the use of significant assumptions with regard to current market rental rates, discount rates and other variables. The use of inappropriate estimates would result in an incorrect assessment of the purchase price allocations, which could impact the amount of the Company’s reported net income. Goodwill The Company records the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the difference between the amounts assigned to assets acquired (including identified intangible assets) and liabilities assumed as goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at a level of reporting referred to as a reporting unit during the fourth quarter of each calendar year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. There have been no such events or changes in circumstances during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 . Revenue Recognition and Receivables The Company recognizes minimum rent, including rental abatements and contractual fixed increases attributable to operating leases, where collection has been considered probable, on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease, which is accounted for in accordance with ASC 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). The future minimum rental payments to be received from noncancelable operating leases for residential rental properties are $ 100.4 million for the remainder of 2022 and $ 15.2 million for the twelve months ending December 31, 2023. The future minimum rental payments to be received from noncancelable operating leases for both commercial rental properties and antenna rentals are approximately $ 320,000 for the remainder of 2022 and approximately $ 389,000 , $ 336,000 , $ 253,000 , and $ 184,000 fo r the years ending December 31, 2023 through December 31, 2026, respectively, and $ 1.1 million thereafter. Revenue is primarily derived from the rental of residential housing units for which the Company receives minimum rents and utility reimbursements pursuant to underlying tenant lease agreements. The Company also receives other ancillary fees for administration of leases, late payments and amenities, and revenue sharing arrangements for cable income from contracts with cable providers at the Company's properties (discussed below). A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. The Company records the utility reimbursement income and ancillary charges in the period when the performance obligation is completed, either at a point in time or on a monthly basis as the service is utilized. The Company has revenue sharing arrangements for cable income from contracts with cable providers at the Company’s properties. Included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is a contract liability related to deferred revenue from contracts with cable providers of approximat ely $ 1.5 million and $ 1.7 million, respectively. The Company recognizes income on a straight-line basis over the contract period of 10 years to 12 years . During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, approximately $ 55,000 and $ 57,000 , respectively, of revenue from the contract liability was recognized as income. Followin g the Self-Management Transaction through the effective date of the Resource REIT Mergers on January 28, 2021, REIT I received asset management and property management fees from REIT II and REIT III. The monthly asset management fee was equal to one-twelfth of 1.0% of the cost of each asset held by REIT II and one-twelfth of 1.0% of the appraised value of each asset held by REIT III, without deduction for depreciation, bad debts or other non-cash reserves. The monthly property management fee was calculated based on 4.5 % of the gross monthly receipts from REIT II's and REIT III’s properties. The Company recognized revenue for both asset and property management fees as earned on a monthly basis. The Company had determined under ASC 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), that the performance obligation for asset and property management services are satisfied as the services are rendered. The Company was compensated for its services on a monthly basis and these services represent a series of distinct daily services in accordance with ASC 606. As a result of the Resource REIT Mergers, these fees are n o longer being paid. The Company evaluates its portfolio of operating leases for collectability at both the onset of the underlying leases and on an ongoing basis. Tenant receivables include amounts for which collectability was assessed as probable in accordance with the guidance in ASC 842-30. For tenant receivables, which include base rents, straight-line rentals, expense reimbursements and other revenue or income, the Company also estimates a general allowance for uncollectible accounts under ASC 450-20. The Company determines the collectability of its receivables related to rental revenue by considering a number of factors, including the length of time receivables are past due, security deposits held, the Company’s previous loss history, the tenants’ current ability to pay their obligations to the Company, and the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. If collectability is not probable, the Company adjusts rental income for the amount of the uncollectible revenue. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some residents have experienced difficulty making rent payments and the Company’s receivables have increased compared to historical levels. As of both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company recorded $ 1.6 million allowance for bad debts to appropriately reflect management’s estimate for uncollectible accounts. The total adjustment to rental and other property income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 20 21 was approximately $ 300,000 and $ 700,000 , respectively, for provision for bad debt expense, net of recoveries . The provision for bad debts was recorded as a reduction to rental income in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The age of the receivables included in the allowance balance as of March 31, 2022 was: 11.6 % less than 30 days past due, 10.5 % 31-60 days past due, 15.0 % 61-90 days past due and 62.9 % over 90 days past due. Leases For operating leases where the Company is the lessor, the underlying leased asset is recognized as real estate on the balance sheet. The Company, as a lessor of multifamily apartment units, has nonlease components associated with these leases (i.e. common area maintenance, utilities, etc.). The Company combines nonlease component revenue streams and accounts for them as a combined component with leasing revenue. For leases in which the Company is the lessee, primarily consisting of office leases, a parking lot lease, and office equipment leases, the Company recognizes a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and a lease liability equal to the present value of the minimum lease payments. Operating leases are included in operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company uses a market rate for equipment leases, when readily determinable, in calculating the present value of lease payments. Otherwise, the incremental borrowing rate is used. The operating lease ROU asset includes any lease payments and excludes lease incentives. Operating lease terms may include options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain the lease will be extended. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Income Taxes The Company elected to be taxed as a REIT commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2014. To maintain its REIT qualification under the Code, the Company is generally required to distribute at least 90 % of its taxable net income (excluding net capital gains) to its stockholders as well as comply with other requirements, including certain asset, income and stock ownership tests. As a REIT, the Company is not subject to federal corporate income tax to the extent that it distributes 100 % of its REIT taxable income each year. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT, and does not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, it is subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes and may be precluded from qualifying as a REIT for the subsequent four taxable years following the year in which it fails its REIT qualification. Accordingly, the Company’s failure to qualify as a REIT could have a material adverse impact on its results of operations and amounts available for distribution to its stockholders. The dividends-paid deduction of a REIT for qualifying dividends to its stockholders is computed using the Company’s taxable income as opposed to net income reported on the financial statements. Generally, taxable income differs from GAAP net income because the determination of taxable income is based on tax provisions and not financial accounting principles. The Company may elect to treat any of its subsidiaries as a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). In general, a TRS may hold assets and engage in activities that the Company cannot hold or engage in directly and generally may engage in any real estate or non-real estate-related business. A TRS is subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income taxes. While a TRS may generate net income, a TRS can declare dividends to the Company which will be included in the Company's taxable income and necessitate a distribution to its stockholders. Conversely, if the Company retains earnings at a TRS level, no distribution is required and the Company can increase book equity of the consolidated entity. As of both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company treated one of its subsidiaries as a TRS. The Company evaluates the benefits from tax positions taken or expected to be taken in its tax return. Only the largest amount of benefits from tax positions that will more likely than not be sustainable upon examination are recognized by the Company. The Company does not have any unrecognized tax benefits, nor interest and penalties, recorded in its consolidated financial statements and does not anticipate significant adjustments to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months. The Company is subject to examination by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and by the taxing authorities in states in which the Company has significant business operations. The Company is not currently undergoing any examinations by taxing authorities. The Company is not subject to IRS examination for tax return years 2017 and prior. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is calculated on the basis of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share take into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised and converted to common stock. Distributions declared per common share assume each share was issued and outstanding each day during the period or based upon the two-class method, whichever is more dilutive. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods presented (in thousands, except per share amounts): For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 2021 Numerator for earnings per share: Net income (loss) $ 152,003 $( 16,377 ) Preferred return to preferred OP unit holders — ( 1,120 ) Net income (loss) after preferred return 152,003 ( 17,497 ) Less: Allocation of income to preferred unit holders attributable to noncontrolling interest — 59 Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest — 865 Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders $ 152,003 $( 16,573 ) Denominator for earnings per share: Weighted average common shares outstanding 164,763 135,252 Denominator for basic earnings per share 164,763 135,252 Weighted average unvested restricted stock 339 — Denominator for diluted earnings per share 165,102 135,252 Earnings (loss) per weighted average common share: Basic $ 0.92 $( 0.12 ) Diluted $ 0.92 $( 0.12 ) No ne of the shares of convertible stock (see Note 10) o r 467,461 unve sted performance awards are included in the diluted earnings per share calculations, because the necessary conditions for conversion have not been satisfied as of March 31, 2022 (were such date to represent the end of the contingency period). Additionally, due to loss for the three months ended March 31, 2021, the calculation of diluted earnings per share exclu des 4,583 unvested r estricted shares as their effect would be antidilutive. Prior to their redemption and/or conversion, net losses attributable to outstanding OP Common Units and OP Preferred Units were included in net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest, and therefore, were excluded from the calculation of income (loss) per common share, basic and diluted, for all periods presented. |