| Organization, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 1.
Organization, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies In this annual report, unless the context suggests otherwise, references to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer (1) prior to the February 13, 2013 closing of an initial public offering (“IPO”) of the Class A common stock of Health Insurance Innovations, Inc. and related transactions, to Health Plan Intermediaries, LLC (“HPI”) and its consolidated subsidiaries and (2) after the IPO and related transactions, to Health Insurance Innovations, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The terms “HII”, “HPIH”, and “ICE” refer to the stand-alone entities Health Insurance Innovations, Inc., Health Plan Intermediaries Holdings, LLC, and Insurance Center for Excellence, LLC, respectively. The term “Secured” refers to (a) prior to or at the time of their July 17, 2013 acquisition by us, Sunrise Health Plans, Inc., Sunrise Group Marketing, Inc. and Secured Software Solutions, Inc., collectively, and (b) following our July 17, 2013 acquisition, the entities described in (a) and the limited liability companies into which such entities were converted shortly following such acquisition. The term “SIL” refers to Simple Insurance Leads LLC, a partially-owned venture we and a third-party formed in June 2013; we sold our interest in SIL to our joint venture partner on March 23, 2015. Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Health Insurance Innovations, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and Variable Interest Entities (“VIE”), of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements. The results of operations for business combinations are included from their respective dates of acquisition. Business Description and Organizational Structure of the Company Our Business We are a developer, distributor and virtual administrator of affordable, cloud-based individual health and family insurance plans (“IFP”) and supplemental products, which include short-term medical (“STM”) insurance plans and guaranteed-issue and underwritten hospital indemnity plans. STM plans provide up to six, eleven or twelve months of health insurance coverage with a wide range of deductible and copay levels. STM plans generally offer qualifying individuals comparable benefits for fixed short-term durations with premiums that are substantially more affordable than the premiums of individual major medical (“IMM”) plans which offer lifetime renewable coverage. STM plans feature a streamlined underwriting process offering immediate coverage options. Hospital indemnity plans are guaranteed-issue and underwritten plans that pay fixed cash benefits for covered procedures and services for individuals under the age of 65. We also offer a variety of additional insurance and non-insurance products such as pharmacy benefit cards, dental plans, vision plans, cancer/critical illness plans, deductible and gap protection plans and life insurance policies that are frequently purchased as supplements to IFP. We design and structure these products on behalf of insurance carriers and market them to individuals through our internal and external distribution network. We manage member relations via our online member portal, which is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Our online enrollment process allows us to aggregate and analyze consumer data and purchasing habits to track market trends and drive product innovation. Our scalable, proprietary, and web-based technology platform provides customers, whom we refer to as members, immediate access to the products we sell through our owned and third-party distribution channels. The health insurance products we develop are underwritten by insurance carriers, and we assume no underwriting, insurance or reimbursement risk. Members can tailor product selections to meet their personal insurance and budget needs, buy policies and print policy documents and identification cards in real-time. Our technology platform uses abbreviated online applications, some with health questionnaires, to provide an immediate accept or reject decision for products that we offer. Once an application is accepted, individuals can use our automated payment system to complete the enrollment process and obtain instant electronic access to their policy fulfillment documents, including the insurance policy, benefits schedule and identification cards. We receive credit card and Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) payments directly from members at the time of sale. Our technology platform provides operating leverage as we add members and reduces the costs associated with marketing, selling, underwriting and administering policies. Our sales of IFP and supplemental products focus on the large and under-penetrated segment of the U.S. population who are uninsured or underinsured. These respective classes include individuals not covered by employer-sponsored insurance plans, such as the self-employed, small business owners and their employees, individuals who are unable to afford the rising cost of IMM premiums, underserved “gap populations” that require insurance due to changes caused by life events: new graduates, divorcees, early retirees, military discharges, the unemployed, part-time and seasonal employees and customers seeking health insurance between the open enrollment periods created under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“PPACA”). We also provide consumers with access to health insurance information search and comparison technology through our website, HealthPocket.com. This free website allows consumers to easily and clearly compare and rank all health insurance plans available for an individual, family, or small business, empowering consumers to make health plan decisions and reduce their out of pocket costs. In addition, the data aggregated by HealthPocket (“HP”) is used to research consumer needs and to measure product demand to help us design and manufacture high-demand insurance products. As the managing general underwriter of our individual health insurance plans and supplemental products, we receive all amounts due in connection with the plans we sell on behalf of the providers of the services, third-party commissions and referral fees. We refer to these total collections as premium equivalents, which typically represent a combination of premiums, fees for discount benefit plans (a non-insurance benefit product that supplements or enhances an insurance product), fees for distributors, our enrollment fees and third-party commissions and referral fees. From premium equivalents, we remit risk premium to carriers and amounts earned by discount benefit plan providers, who we refer to as third-party obligors, such carriers and third-party obligors being the ultimate parties responsible for providing the insurance coverage or discount benefits to the member. Our revenues consist of the balance of the premium equivalents. We collect premium equivalents upon the initial sale of the plan and then monthly upon each subsequent periodic payment under such plan. We receive most premium equivalents through online credit card or ACH processing. As a result, we have limited accounts receivable. We remit the risk premium to the applicable carriers and the amounts earned by third-party obligors on a monthly basis based on the respective compensation arrangements. In 2015, we launched a direct-to-consumer insurance web site that allows consumers to research health insurance trends, comparison shop, and purchase IFP under the AgileHealthInsurance ® Our History Our business began operations as HPI in 2008. To facilitate the IPO, HII was incorporated in the State of Delaware in October 2012. In November 2012, through a series of transactions, HPI assigned the operating assets of our business to HPIH, and HPIH assumed the operating liabilities of HPI. Since November 2012, we have operated our business through HPIH and its subsidiaries. Our Reorganization and IPO HII was incorporated in the State of Delaware in October 2012 to facilitate the IPO and to become a holding company owning as its principal asset membership interests in HPIH. Since November 2012, we have operated our business through HPIH and its consolidated subsidiaries. See Note 9 for more information about the IPO. HII sold 4,666,667 shares of common stock for $14.00 per share in the IPO on February 13, 2013. Simultaneous with the offering, HII obtained a 35% membership interest, 35% economic interest and 100% of the voting interest in HPIH. Upon completion of the offering, HII became a holding company the principal asset of which is its interest in HPIH. All of HII’s business is conducted through HPIH and its subsidiaries. HII is the sole managing member of HPIH and has 100% of the voting rights and control. HII has two classes of outstanding capital stock: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Class A shares represent 100% of the economic rights of the holders of all classes of our common stock to share in our distributions. Class B shares do not entitle their holders to any dividends paid by, or rights upon liquidation of, HII. Shares of our Class A common stock vote together with shares of our Class B common stock as a single class, except as otherwise required by law. Each share of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock entitles its holder to one vote. As of December 31, 2015, Mr. Kosloske beneficially owns 46.9% of our outstanding Class A common stock and Class B common stock on a combined basis, which equals his combined economic interest in the Company. HPIH has two series of outstanding equity: Series A Membership Interests, which may only be issued to HII, as sole managing member, and Series B Membership Interests. The Series B Membership Interests are held by HPI and Health Plan Intermediaries Sub, LLC (“HPIS”), a subsidiary of HPI, and these entities are beneficially owned by Mr. Kosloske. As of December 31, 2015, and 2014, (i) the Series A Membership Interests held by HII represent 53.1% and 53.4%, respectively, of the outstanding membership interests, 53.1% Reclassifications Certain amounts in prior periods’ consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. Such reclassifications include excluding amounts payable for third-party commission expense and third-party obligors payable from cash held on behalf of others and including such amounts in cash and cash equivalents in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows, and reclassifying certain expenses of HP from cost of goods sold to selling, general and administrative. Use of Estimates The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. These estimates also affect the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Revenue Recognition Our revenues primarily consist of commissions and fees earned for health insurance policies and supplemental products issued to members, enrollment fees paid by members, Commission rates for our products are agreed to in advance with the relevant insurance carrier and vary by carrier and policy type. Under our carrier compensation arrangements, the commission rate schedule that is in effect on the policy effective date governs the commissions over the life of the policy. In addition, we earn enrollment and administration fees on policies issued. All amounts due to insurance carriers and discount benefit vendors are reported and paid to them according to the procedures provided for in the contractual agreements between the individual carrier or vendor and us. Risk premiums are typically reported and remitted to insurance carriers on the 15th of the month following the end of the month in which they are collected. In concluding that revenues should be reported on a net basis, we considered Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) requirements and whether we have the responsibility to provide the goods or services to the customer or if we rely on a supplier to provide the goods or services to the customer. We are not the ultimate party responsible for providing the insurance coverage or discount benefits to the member and, therefore, we are not the primary obligor in the arrangement. The supplier, or insurance carrier, bears the risk for that insurance coverage. We therefore report our revenues net of amounts paid to the contracted insurance carrier companies and discount benefit vendors. Commission revenues are earned based on commission rates contracted with insurance carriers or supplemental insurance product vendors, net of an estimate for forfeiture amounts payable for future policy cancellations. HP’s revenue is principally derived from referral fees and marketing fees, licensing fees, limited exclusivity fees, and landing page development fees. HP recognizes revenue when: (1) persuasive evidence exists of an arrangement with the customer reflecting the terms and conditions under which products or services will be provided; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been provided; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collection is reasonably assured. Revenue is considered earned when the performance measures have been completed. Deposits (whether refundable or non-refundable), early payments and progress payments are not recognized as revenue until the revenue producing event has occurred. Marketing fee revenue. HP offers marketing services over a specified term. This fee is related to telephone and website traffic received by HealthPocket.com for the customer and is recognized ratably over the life of the specified term of the marketing services. There are two ways marketing fee revenue is determined: lead fee revenue and conversion fee revenue. HP offers lead marketing services in the form of providing leads to customers. Revenue for leads provided is recognized based on the contractually agreed price per lead multiplied by the number of leads provided by HP during the period. HP offers conversion marketing services in the form of providing leads to customers with revenue recognized on a cost per acquisition basis. Revenue is calculated based on the number of qualifying conversions generated by HP leads. The customer collects conversion data and provides a contractually agreed periodical report to HP. Revenue is recognized based on the agreed price per lead conversion multiplied by the number of leads converted during the period. Limited exclusivity fee revenue. HP offers to certain customers limited exclusivity for placement of advertisements on the HealthPocket website for a fee. This fee is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the limited exclusivity term. Landing page development. HP offers to design, build and support a customer’s hosting of certain landing pages for the purpose of capturing e-leads and phone calls. Revenue for this service is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the support period of the landing pages. Third-Party Commissions and Advanced Commissions We utilize a broad network of licensed third-party distributors, in addition to our internal distributors to sell the plans that we develop. We pay commissions to these distributors based on a percentage of the policy premium that varies by type of policy. We pay fees to the distributors for discount benefit plans issued. Advanced commissions outstanding as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 totaled $24.5 million and $6.0 million, respectively. Advanced commissions consist of amounts advanced to certain third-party distributors. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our distributors, all of which are located in the United States. We recover the advanced commissions by withholding future commissions earned on premiums collected over the period in which policies renew. We have not experienced any write offs from commission advances however, we have recognized a provision for bad debt expense of $327,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015. In addition, from time to time, certain of these advanced commissions arrangements include a loan agreement for the purposes of securing the advanced payments we make. Generally, these loans will be repaid by withholding payments on future commissions earned by the distributor, as described in the respective agreements. A fee for the advance commission of up to 2% of the insurance premium sold is charged to the distributors and recognized as a reduction of the related commissions expense over the period of advance. The reduction of commission expense related to this practice for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were $614,000 and $220,000, respectively. Cash and Cash Equivalents We account for cash on hand and demand deposits with banks and other financial institutions as cash. Short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, when purchased, are considered cash equivalents. Investments in cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, demand deposit accounts, money market accounts and certificates of deposit with original maturities of three months or less. Periodically, we invest cash on hand in other highly-liquid investments. Such investments that have maturities greater than three months up to one year are classified as short-term investments and include, but are not limited to, certificates of deposit with maturities greater than three months, but less than one year. Certain certificates of deposits have maturities beyond one year from the balance sheet date; these are classified as long-term and are included in other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Cash Held on Behalf of Others In our capacity as the policy administrator, we collect premiums from members and distributors and, after deducting our earned commission and fees, remit these premiums to our contracted insurance carriers, discount benefit vendors and distributors. Where contractually obligated, we hold the unremitted funds in a fiduciary capacity until they are disbursed, and the use of such funds is restricted. We hold these funds in bank accounts. These unremitted amounts are reported as cash held on behalf of others in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets with the related liabilities reported in accounts payable. Cash held on behalf of others at December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $7.9 million and $5.9 million, respectively. Investments We have invested a portion of the proceeds from the IPO in certain investment securities. All such investments are certificates of deposit and are classified as held-to-maturity and recorded at amortized cost. Certificates of deposit with original maturities of three months or less, when purchased, are classified as cash equivalents. Certificates of deposits with maturities greater than three months to 12 months are classified as short-term investments. Certificates of deposits with maturities greater than twelve months are considered long term assets until such time that the remaining maturities of the certificates of deposit are 12 months or less, in which case they are reclassified to short-term investments. As of December 31, 2015, we had no remaining proceeds from the IPO. As of December 31, 2014, we had two certificates of deposit with maturities of three months with a balance of $461,000 and are included in short-term investments on the accompanying balance sheet as of December 31, 2014. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable represent amounts due to us for premiums collected by a third-party and are generally considered delinquent 15 days after the due date. The underlying insurance contracts are cancelled retroactively if the payment remains delinquent. We have not experienced any material credit losses from accounts receivable and have not recognized a significant provision for uncollectible accounts receivable. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Depreciation expense for property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
Website and internal-use software (1) Computer equipment
3 – 5 years 5 years
Furniture and fixtures
7 years
Leasehold improvements
Shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life (1) Included in property and equipment, net are certain website development and internally developed software costs. These costs incurred in the development of websites and internal-use software are either expensed as incurred or capitalized depending on the nature of the cost and the stage of development of the project under which a website or internal-use software are developed. The capitalization policies for website development and internal-use software vary as described below. Website development Generally, the costs incurred during the planning stage are expensed as incurred; costs incurred for activities during the website application and infrastructure development stage are capitalized; costs incurred during the graphics development stage are capitalized if such costs are for the creation of initial graphics for the website; subsequent updates to the initial graphics are expensed as incurred, unless they provide additional functionality; costs incurred during the content development stage are expensed as incurred unless they are for the integration of a database with the website, which are capitalized; and the costs incurred during the operating stage are expensed as incurred. Upon reaching the operating phase of the website application and infrastructure phase, the capitalized costs are amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset, which we generally expect to be five years. During the year ended December 31, 2015, we capitalized $895,000 of costs incurred, consisting primarily of direct labor, in the development of a website for which the software underlying the website will not be marketed externally. The operating phase of the development of this website commenced on July 1, 2015. As of December 31, 2015, $90,000 of amortization has been recorded related to the capitalized website development costs. Internal-use software Generally, the costs incurred during the preliminary project stage are expensed as incurred; costs incurred for activities during the application development stage are capitalized; and costs incurred during the post-implementation/operation stage are expensed as incurred. Upon reaching the post-implementation/operation stage of the development of internal-use software, the capitalized costs are amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset, which we generally expect to be three years. During the year ended December 31, 2015, we capitalized $889,000 of costs incurred, consisting primarily of direct labor, in the application development stage of the internal-use software. Substantially all of the costs incurred during the period were part of the application development phase. As of December 31, 2015, $45,000 of amortization has been recorded for projects in the post-implementation/operation phase of development. The Company’s management periodically reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. No impairment losses were recognized for the periods presented. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill As a result of our various acquisitions, we have recorded goodwill which represents the excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired in a transaction accounted for as a business combination. An impairment test is performed by us at least annually as of October 1st of each year, or whenever events or circumstances indicate a potential for impairment. Under FASB guidance, we have the option of performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether based on the fact and circumstances it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of its net assets. A qualitative assessment requires judgments involving relevant factors, including but not limited to, changes in the general economic environment, industry and regulatory considerations, current economic performance compared to historical economic performance and other relevant company-specific events such as changes in management, key personnel or business strategy, where applicable. If we elect to bypass the qualitative assessment, or if we determine, based upon our assessment of those qualitative factors that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the unit is less than its carrying value, a quantitative assessment for impairment is required. The quantitative assessment for evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill involves a two-step assessment process which requires significant estimates and judgments by us to be used during the analysis. In step one we determine if there is an indication of goodwill impairment by determining the fair value of the reporting unit’s net assets and comparing that value to the reporting unit’s carrying value including the goodwill. If the carrying value of the net assets exceed the fair value, then the second step of the impairment assessment is required. The step two assessment determines if an impairment exists, and if so, the magnitude of the impairment by comparing the estimated fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value of the goodwill determines the amount of impairment which would then be recorded as a loss on our statement of operations in the year the impairment occurred. See Note 14 for further information on our change in reporting units. While performing an impairment assessment we use a combination of valuation approaches including the market approach and the income approach. The market approach uses a guideline company methodology, which is based upon a comparison of the reporting unit to similar publicly-traded companies within our industry. We derive a market value of invested capital or business enterprise value for each comparable company by multiplying the price per share of common stock of the publicly traded companies by their total common shares outstanding and adding each company’s current level of debt. We calculate a business enterprise multiple based on revenue and earnings from each company, then apply those multiples to our revenue and earnings to calculate a business enterprise value. Assumptions regarding the selection of comparable companies are made based on, among other factors, capital structure, operating environment and industry. As the comparable companies were typically larger and more diversified than our business, multiples were adjusted prior to application to our revenues and earnings to reflect differences in margins, long-term growth prospects and market capitalization. The income approach uses a discounted debt-free cash flow analysis to measure fair value by estimating the present value of future economic benefits. To perform the discounted debt-free cash flow analysis, we develop a pro forma analysis of the reporting unit to estimate future available debt-free cash flow and discounting estimated debt-free cash flow by an estimated industry weighted average cost of capital based on the same comparable companies used in the market approach. Per FASB guidance, the weighted average cost of capital is based on inputs (e.g., capital structure, risk, etc.) from a market participant’s perspective and not necessarily from the reporting unit’s perspective. Future cash flow is projected based on assumptions for our economic growth, industry expansion, future operations and the discount rate, all of which require significant judgments by management. We establish our assumptions and arrive at the estimates used in these calculations based upon our historical experience, knowledge of our industry and by incorporating third-party data, which we believe results in a reasonably accurate approximation of fair value. Nevertheless, changes in the assumptions used could have an impact on our assessment of recoverability. We believe our projected sales are reasonable based on, among other things, available information regarding our industry. We also believe the discount rate is appropriate. The weighted average discount rate is impacted by current financial market trends and will remain dependent on such trends in the future. After computing a separate business enterprise value under the above approaches, we apply a weighting to them to derive the business enterprise value of the reporting unit. The weightings are evaluated each time a goodwill impairment assessment is performed and give consideration to the relative reliability of each approach at that time. The estimated fair value is then compared to the reporting unit’s carrying value. Upon completion of the analysis in step one as of October 1, 2015, we determined that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. As such, a step two analysis was not required. Our goodwill balance arose from our previous acquisitions. See Note 2 and Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements for further information on the acquisitions and our goodwill balance as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. See Note 5 for further discussion of our goodwill. Other Intangible Assets Our other intangible assets arose primarily from acquisitions. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives from two to fifteen years. See Note 5 for further discussion of our intangible assets. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of the asset or asset group is measured by comparison of its carrying amount to undiscounted future net cash flows the asset is expected to generate. If the carrying amount of an asset or asset group is not recoverable, we recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group over its respective fair value which is generally determined as the present value of estimated future cash flows or as the appraised value. Related to our restructuring, the company recognized an impairment of certain intangible assets in the amount of $878,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015. No impairments on intangible assets were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2014. See Notes 5 and 8 for further discussion on the impairment and restructuring activities. Advertising and Marketing Costs Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising and marketing expenses for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were $9.8 million and $8.5 million respectively and are classified as S, G & A expense. Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation Expense for stock-based compensation is recognized based upon estimated grant date fair value and is amortized over the requisite service period of the awards using the accelerated method. We offer awards which vest based on either service conditions or market conditions. For grants of SARs and stock options, we apply either the Black-Scholes option-pricing model or a lattice model, depending on the vesting conditions, in determining the fair value of share-based payments to employees. These models incorporate various assumptions, including expected volatility and expected term. Through November of 2015, expected stock price volatilities were estimated using implied volatilities of comparable publicly-traded companies, given our limited trading history. As of December 2015, volatility is calculated using the Company’s trading history. The expected term of awards granted is based on the company’s best estimate and the use of the simplified method for “plain vanilla” awards under GAAP, where applicable. The resulti |
