Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Note 4 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts and notes receivable, cash collateral deposited with insurance carriers, life insurance assets, equity investments, certain other investments, deferred compensation plan assets and liabilities, accounts payable and other current liabilities, acquisition-related contingent consideration, mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests and debt obligations. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or the amount paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value guidance establishes a valuation hierarchy, which requires maximizing the use of observable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used are: (i) Level 1 - quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; (ii) Level 2 - observable market-based inputs or other observable inputs; and (iii) Level 3 - significant unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data, which are generally determined using valuation models incorporating management estimates of market participant assumptions. Acquisition-Related Contingent Consideration and Other Liabilities Acquisition-related contingent consideration and other liabilities is composed of Earn-outs, which represent the estimated fair value of future amounts payable for businesses that are contingent upon the acquired business achieving certain levels of earnings in the future. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the estimated fair value of the Company’s Earn-out liabilities totaled $132.8 million and $173.2 million, respectively, of which $47.6 million and $54.1 million, respectively, was included within other current liabilities. The fair values of the Company’s Earn-out liabilities are estimated using income approaches such as discounted cash flows or option pricing models, both of which incorporate significant inputs not observable in the market (Level 3 inputs), including management’s estimates and entity-specific assumptions, and are evaluated on an ongoing basis. Key assumptions include the discount rate, which, as of September 30, 2020, ranged from 12.0% to 23.0%, with a weighted average rate of 14.0% based on the relative fair value of each instrument, and probability-weighted projections of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). Significant changes in any of these assumptions could result in significantly higher or lower potential Earn-out liabilities. The ultimate payment amounts for the Company’s Earn-out liabilities will be determined based on the actual results achieved by the acquired businesses. As of September 30, 2020, the range of potential undiscounted Earn-out liabilities was estimated to be between $34 million and $199 million; however, there is no maximum payment amount. Earn-out activity consists primarily of additions from new business combinations; changes in the expected fair value of future payment obligations; and payments. Measurement period adjustments for Earn-out liabilities, which are fair value adjustments relating to new information obtained about the facts and circumstances existing as of the date of acquisition for a period of up to one year, are recorded to goodwill. Other revisions to the expected fair values of the Company’s traditional earn-out liabilities are reflected as other income or expense, and for the mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interest, are recorded as interest expense or income. Earn-out payments, to the extent they relate to estimated liabilities as of the date of acquisition, are reflected within financing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Payments in excess of acquisition date liabilities are classified within operating activities. There were no additions to acquisition-related contingent consideration and other liabilities from new business combinations in either of the three month periods ended September 30, 2020 or 2019, and for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, additions totaled $7.2 million and $16.2 million, respectively. There were no measurement period adjustments for the three month period ended September 30, 2020, and measurement period adjustments for the nine month period ended September 30, 2020 totaled an increase of approximately $1.1 million, and related to a business in the Company’s Communications segment. There were no measurement period adjustments for the three or nine month periods ended September 30, 2019. There were no fair value adjustments for the three month period ended September 30, 2020, and fair value adjustments for the nine month period ended September 30, 2020 totaled a net increase of approximately $1.7 million, and related to businesses in the Company’s Oil and Gas and Communications segments. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, fair value adjustments totaled a net increase of approximately $11.2 million and $47.6 million, respectively, and related primarily to businesses in the Company’s Oil and Gas and Communications segments. There were no Earn-out payments in either of the three month periods ended September 30, 2020 or 2019, and for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, Earn-out payments totaled $50.4 million and $30.0 million, respectively. Equity Investments The Company’s equity investments as of September 30, 2020 include: (i) the Company’s 33% equity interests in Trans-Pecos Pipeline, LLC (“TPP”) and Comanche Trail Pipeline, LLC (“CTP,” and together with TPP, the “Waha JVs”), which are accounted for as equity method investments; (ii) a $15 million investment in Cross Country Infrastructure Services, Inc. (“CCI”); (iii) the Company’s 50% equity interests in each of FM Technology Holdings, LLC, FM USA Holdings, LLC and All Communications Solutions Holdings, LLC, collectively, “FM Tech,” for which the Company’s aggregate investment totals approximately $16 million, and is accounted for as an equity method investment; (iv) the Company’s equity interests in American Virtual Cloud Technologies, Inc., or “AVCT” (formerly named Pensare Acquisition Corp. (“Pensare”)); (v) the Company’s interests in certain proportionately consolidated non-controlled contractual joint ventures; and (vi) certain other equity investments. Investment Arrangements . From time to time, the Company may participate in selected investment or strategic arrangements, including equity interests in various business entities and participation in contractual joint ventures. The Company’s investment and strategic arrangements may involve the extension of loans or other types of financing arrangements, including approximately $6 million of financing commitments as of September 30, 2020. The Company has determined that certain of its investment arrangements are variable interest entities (“VIEs”). As of September 30, 2020, except for one individually insignificant VIE, the Company does not have the power to direct the primary activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of its VIEs nor is it the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, except for the previously mentioned VIE, the Company’s VIEs are not consolidated. Equity investments, other than those accounted for as equity method investments or those that are proportionately consolidated, are measured at fair value if their fair values are readily determinable. Equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values are measured at cost, adjusted for changes from observable market transactions, if any, less impairment (“adjusted cost basis”). As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the aggregate carrying value of the Company’s equity investments, including equity investments measured on an adjusted cost basis, totaled approximately $205 million and $196 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, equity investments measured on an adjusted cost basis, including the Company’s investment in CCI, totaled approximately $17 million and $18 million, respectively. There were no material changes in the fair values of, or impairments related to, these investments during either of the nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 or 2019. The Waha JVs. The Waha JVs own and operate certain pipeline infrastructure that transports natural gas to the Mexican border for export. Equity in earnings related to the Company’s proportionate share of income from the Waha JVs, which is included within the Company’s Other segment, totaled approximately $7.7 million and $6.9 million for the three month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and totaled $22.9 million and $19.8 million for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Cumulative undistributed earnings from the Waha JVs, which represents cumulative equity in earnings for the Waha JVs less distributions of earnings, totaled $60.7 million as of September 30, 2020. Distributions of earnings from the Waha JVs, which are included within operating cash flows, totaled $2.4 million and $1.5 million for the three month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and totaled $10.2 million and $7.5 million for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company’s net investment in the Waha JVs, which differs from its proportionate share of the net assets of the Waha JVs due primarily to capitalized investment costs, totaled approximately $165 million and $174 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Waha JVs are party to separate non-recourse financing facilities, each of which are secured by pledges of the equity interests in the respective entities, as well as a first lien security interest over virtually all of their assets. The Waha JVs are also party to certain interest rate swaps, which are accounted for as qualifying cash flow hedges. The Company reflects its proportionate share of any unrealized fair market value gains or losses from fluctuations in interest rates associated with these swaps within other comprehensive income or loss, as appropriate. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020, the Company’s proportionate share of unrecognized unrealized activity on these interest rate swaps totaled gains of approximately $2.5 million and losses of approximately $29.5 million, respectively, or gains of $1.9 million and losses of $22.4 million, net of tax, respectively. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, the Company’s proportionate share of unrecognized unrealized activity on these interest rate swaps totaled losses of approximately $9.4 million and $28.2 million, respectively, or $7.1 million and $21.3 million, net of tax, respectively. Other Investments. The Company has investments in AVCT. These investments include (i) shares of AVCT common stock, which are equity securities, (ii) warrants for the purchase of AVCT common stock, which are derivative financial instruments, and (iii) debentures that are convertible into shares of AVCT common stock, which are available-for-sale securities. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company’s ownership interest in AVCT’s common stock, represented by the AVCT shares, totaled approximately 9% and 21%, respectively, and its aggregate ownership interest, assuming the exercise and conversion of all legally exercisable warrants and convertible debt into AVCT common stock, totaled approximately 22% and 21%, respectively. José R. Mas, MasTec’s Chief Executive Officer, was a director of Pensare through the end of March 2020. The Company paid an aggregate of approximately $5 million for its investments in AVCT, all of which are included within other long-term assets in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The issued shares and those underlying the derivative instruments are salable at various times subject to various contractual and securities law restrictions. The Company does not have the ability to exert significant influence over the operating and financial policies of AVCT. As of September 30, 2020, the aggregate fair value of the Company’s investments in AVCT approximated $11 million. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded unrealized fair value measurement gains, net, on the AVCT securities within other income totaling approximately $0.9 million and $4.7 million, respectively, primarily related to the AVCT shares, for which the fair value was determined based on the market price of identical securities, adjusted for the restrictions on sale, which is a Level 3 input. Unrealized fair value measurement gains on the AVCT convertible debentures recognized within other comprehensive income, as determined based on Monte Carlo simulations, which is a Level 3 input, totaled approximately $0.9 million for both the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020. As of December 31, 2019, the AVCT shares were measured on an adjusted cost basis as their fair value was not readily determinable. The aggregate carrying value of the Company’s investment in AVCT as of December 31, 2019, including the AVCT shares and initial warrants, was approximately $2 million. The Company has equity interests in certain telecommunications entities, including FM Tech, that provide services to MasTec. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020, expense recognized in connection with these arrangements totaled $2.7 million and $9.0 million, respectively, and related amounts payable totaled $0.4 million as of September 30, 2020. Senior Notes As of September 30, 2020, the gross carrying amount of the Company’s 4.50% senior notes due August 15, 2028 (the “4.50% Senior Notes”) totaled $600 million and their estimated fair value totaled $606.0 million. As of December 31, 2019, the gross carrying amount of the Company’s 4.875% senior notes due March 15, 2023 (the “4.875% Senior Notes”) totaled $400 million and their estimated fair value totaled $404.5 million. The estimated fair values of the Company’s senior notes were determined using an “exit price” approach based on Level 1 inputs. See Note |