Acquisitions, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets | Acquisitions, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in goodwill by reportable segment for the periods indicated (in millions): Communications Clean Energy and Infrastructure Power Delivery Oil and Gas Total Goodwill Goodwill, gross, as of December 31, 2021 $ 614.5 $ 166.1 $ 303.4 $ 561.3 $ 1,645.3 Accumulated impairment loss (a) — — — (124.7) (124.7) Goodwill, net, as of December 31, 2021 $ 614.5 $ 166.1 $ 303.4 $ 436.6 $ 1,520.6 Additions from new business combinations 3.0 535.2 1.9 4.6 544.7 Measurement period adjustments (b) (11.4) 2.0 (35.2) 25.3 (19.3) Currency translation adjustments — — — (1.0) (1.0) Goodwill, net, as of December 31, 2022 $ 606.1 $ 703.3 $ 270.1 $ 465.5 $ 2,045.0 Additions from new business combinations 41.4 — — — 41.4 Measurement period adjustments (c) (0.6) 38.7 0.7 0.8 39.6 Currency translation adjustments — — — 0.4 0.4 Goodwill, net, as of December 31, 2023 $ 646.9 $ 742.0 $ 270.8 $ 466.7 $ 2,126.4 Accumulated impairment loss (a) — — — (119.3) (119.3) Goodwill, gross, as of December 31, 2023 $ 646.9 $ 742.0 $ 270.8 $ 586.0 $ 2,245.7 (a) Accumulated impairment losses include the effects of currency translation gains and/or losses. (b) Measurement period adjustments represent adjustments, net, to preliminary estimates of fair value within the measurement period of up to one year from the date of acquisition. Measurement period adjustments, net, for the year ended December 31, 2022 relate primarily to an increase in amortizing intangible assets, partially offset by an increase in consideration transferred resulting from federal income tax elections. (c) Measurement period adjustments, net, for the year ended December 31, 2023 were primarily the result of (i) updated valuations of, and estimated useful lives for, certain fixed assets, and (ii) updated estimates related to certain assets and liabilities, including contract assets and contingent liabilities. For the year ended December 31, 2023, these updates resulted in (i) related to fixed assets, a decrease in depreciation expense of approximately $6 million, and (ii) related to contracts assets and liabilities, an increase in revenue of approximately $35 million and a decrease in costs of revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization, of approximately $8 million. Measurement period adjustments for the year ended December 31, 2023 also included a decrease in deferred tax liabilities of approximately $36 million, an increase in contingent liabilities of approximately $28 million, including for insurance, legal and other matters, and fair value increases of approximately $10 million for certain property and equipment. The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in other intangible assets, net, for the periods indicated (in millions): Other Intangible Assets, Net Customer Relationships and Backlog Trade Names (a) Other (b) Total Other intangible assets, gross, as of December 31, 2021 $ 763.1 $ 140.1 $ 92.9 $ 996.1 Accumulated amortization (278.0) (15.6) (32.2) (325.8) Other intangible assets, net, as of December 31, 2021 $ 485.1 $ 124.5 $ 60.7 $ 670.3 Additions from new business combinations 272.0 95.8 0.3 368.1 Measurement period adjustments (c) 56.0 (6.9) (3.6) 45.5 Currency translation adjustments — — (1.7) (1.7) Amortization expense (112.5) (13.4) (10.0) (135.9) Other intangible assets, net, as of December 31, 2022 $ 700.6 $ 200.0 $ 45.7 $ 946.3 Additions from new business combinations 6.7 0.1 — 6.8 Currency translation adjustments — — 0.4 0.4 Amortization expense (140.0) (20.9) (8.3) (169.2) Other intangible assets, net, as of December 31, 2023 $ 567.3 $ 179.2 $ 37.8 $ 784.3 Remaining weighted average amortization, in years 13 13 9 13 (a) Includes approximately $34.5 million of non-amortizing trade names as of each of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. (b) Consists principally of pre-qualifications and non-compete agreements. (c) Represents adjustments, net, to preliminary estimates of fair value within the measurement period of up to one year from the date of acquisition. Measurement period adjustments, net, for the year ended December 31, 2022 relate primarily to an increase in amortizing intangible assets resulting from the finalization of the related intangible asset valuations. Expected future amortization expense as of December 31, 2023 is summarized in the following table (in millions): Amortization Expense 2024 $ 133.6 2025 109.8 2026 90.8 2027 81.8 2028 68.8 Thereafter 265.0 Total $ 749.8 Recent Acquisitions The Company seeks to grow and diversify its business both organically and through acquisitions and/or strategic arrangements in order to deepen its market presence and customer base, broaden its geographic reach and expand its service offerings. In 2021, the Company initiated a significant transformation of its end-market business operations to focus on the nation’s transition to low-carbon energy sources and position the Company for expected future opportunities. This transformation included significant business combination activity, including expansion of the Company’s scale and capacity in renewable energy, power delivery, heavy civil and telecommunications services, which activity resulted in significant acquisition and integration costs, both in the Company’s existing and recently acquired operations. As of December 31, 2023, acquisition and integration efforts related to this acquisition activity were substantially complete. Acquisitions are funded with cash on hand, borrowings under the Company’s senior unsecured credit facility and other debt financing and, for certain recent acquisitions, with shares of the Company’s common stock, and are generally subject to customary purchase price adjustments. 2023 Acquisitions. During 2023, MasTec completed four acquisitions, including certain of the assets of a telecommunications company specializing in wireless services that is included within the Company’s Communications segment, which acquisition was effective in January; and, effective in July, MasTec acquired all of the equity interests of a telecommunications construction company specializing in broadband and fiber-to-the-home initiatives in the New England area, which acquisition is included within the Company’s Communications segment. Determination of the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired and consideration transferred for these acquisitions, which have been accounted for as business combinations under ASC 805, “ Business Combinations ” (“ASC 805”), was preliminary as of December 31, 2023; as a result, further adjustments to these estimates may occur. Additionally, MasTec acquired 68% and 42%, of the equity interests of two equipment companies, respectively, both of which are accounted for as asset acquisitions under ASC 805, and were effective in May and included within the Company’s Oil and Gas segment. In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company sold certain of the equity interests of these equipment companies to members of subsidiary management, following which the Company’s remaining equity interests in these entities totaled 40% and 20%, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. See Note 15 - Related Party Transactions. Based on an evaluation of the respective entities’ operating agreements, the Company determined that these entities are not VIEs; however, given that the Company has voting control with respect to the entities, the Company has consolidated these entities within the Company’s results of operations, with the other parties’ interests accounted for as non-controlling interests. The aggregate purchase price of the Company’s 2023 acquisitions was composed of approximately $69 million in cash, net of cash acquired, and an earn-out liability valued at approximately $1 million. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining potential undiscounted earn-out liabilities for the 2023 acquisitions was estimated to be up to $2 million; however, there is no maximum payment amount. See Note 4 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments for fair value estimate and other details related to the Company’s earn-out arrangements. Goodwill, as reflected in the table above, for the respective 2023 acquisitions represents the estimated value of the acquired company’s geographic presence in key markets, its assembled workforce, synergies expected to be achieved from the combined operations of the acquired company and MasTec, as well as the acquired company’s industry-specific project management expertise. Approximately $43 million of the goodwill balance related to the 2023 acquisitions is expected to be tax deductible as of December 31, 2023. 2022 Acquisitions. During 2022, MasTec completed five acquisitions, which included all of the equity interests of the following: (i) within the Company’s Clean Energy and Infrastructure segment: IEA, a leading utility-scale infrastructure solutions provider in North America, with expertise in renewable energy and heavy civil projects, as well as rail and environmental remediation services, which acquisition was effective in October; and a company specializing in the production of concrete and aggregate products, which acquisition was effective in August; (ii) within the Company’s Oil and Gas segment: an infrastructure construction company focusing on water, sewer and utility projects and with expertise in excavation and site work, which acquisition was effective in January; (iii) within the Company’s Communications segment: a telecommunications company specializing in wireline services, which acquisition was effective as of the end of May; and (iv) within the Company’s Power Delivery segment: a company specializing in the construction of overhead high voltage transmission lines, which acquisition was effective in July. The following table summarizes, as of December 31, 2023, the estimated fair values of the consideration paid and net assets acquired, as adjusted, for the Company’s 2022 acquisitions (in millions): Acquisition consideration: IEA All other Total Cash, net of cash acquired $ 564.5 $ 48.7 $ 613.2 Shares transferred 173.7 — 173.7 Estimated fair value of warrants 10.3 — 10.3 Estimated fair value of contingent consideration — 2.8 2.8 Total consideration $ 748.5 $ 51.5 $ 800.0 Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed: Accounts receivable and contract assets $ 570.0 $ 6.1 $ 576.1 Current assets 34.5 1.6 36.1 Property and equipment 222.5 30.1 252.6 Long-term assets, primarily operating lease right-of-use assets 40.6 0.3 40.9 Amortizing intangible assets 362.2 5.9 368.1 Accounts payable (136.5) (4.6) (141.1) Contract liabilities (151.3) (1.5) (152.8) Current liabilities, primarily accrued expenses (326.2) (1.4) (327.6) Long-term debt, including finance lease obligations (330.8) (0.2) (331.0) Long-term liabilities, primarily operating lease liabilities and deferred income taxes (105.3) (0.2) (105.5) Total identifiable net assets $ 179.7 $ 36.1 $ 215.8 Goodwill 568.8 15.4 584.2 Total net assets acquired, including goodwill $ 748.5 $ 51.5 $ 800.0 Amortizing intangible assets related to the IEA acquisition are primarily composed of customer relationships, and to a lesser extent, trade names and backlog. Customer relationship and trade name intangible assets for IEA, in the aggregate, totaled approximately $321 million, which each had a weighted average life of approximately 14 years, based on IEA’s operational history and established relationships with, and the nature of, its customers, which are primarily in the renewable energy and specialty civil industries. Backlog intangible assets for IEA totaled approximately $42 million, with a weighted average life of approximately 1 year based on the estimated cash flows expected to be derived from future work on the acquired customer contracts. The weighted average life of amortizing intangible assets in the aggregate for the IEA acquisition was 13 years. Amortizing intangible assets related to “All other” acquisitions are primarily composed of customer relationships with an aggregate weighted average life of 9 years. Amortizing intangible assets are amortized in a manner consistent with the pattern in which the related benefits are expected to be consumed. The goodwill balances for each of the respective acquisitions represent the estimated values of each acquired company’s geographic presence in key markets, assembled workforce and synergies expected to be achieved from the combined operations of each of the acquired companies and MasTec, as well as the acquired company’s industry-specific project management expertise. Approximately $46 million of the goodwill balance related to the 2022 acquisitions is expected to be tax deductible as of December 31, 2023. Consideration transferred for IEA in the table above includes approximately 2.7 million shares of MasTec common stock, valued at approximately $174 million based on the market price of MasTec common stock on the date of closing. Total cash paid for acquisitions, net, includes approximately $44 million of cash acquired. Long-term debt in the table above includes $300 million aggregate principal balance of 6.625% senior unsecured notes that were assumed in connection with the acquisition. See Note 7 - Debt for additional information. Consideration transferred also includes the value of certain warrants that were originally issued by IEA, which entitled holders to receive an amount in cash and shares of MasTec common stock upon their exercise. In 2022, the Company issued 107,187 shares of MasTec common stock with a fair value of approximately $8.1 million, based on the market price of MasTec common stock on the date of exercise, and approximately $1.7 million of cash payments in connection with exercises of the IEA warrants. In 2023, such issuances were de minimis. All remaining IEA warrants expired unexercised on March 26, 2023. The Company recorded fair value gains of approximately $2.6 million in connection with the IEA warrants for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily related to the expired warrants, and for the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded fair value losses of approximately $2.7 million related to the warrants resulting from changes in their fair value. Fair value gains and losses are reflected in other income or expense, as appropriate. Contingent consideration included in the table above is composed of earn-out liabilities, which generally equal a portion of the acquired companies’ earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) in excess of thresholds agreed upon with the sellers, if applicable. The earn-out arrangements for the 2022 acquisitions are payable annually and have five-year terms, as set forth in the respective purchase agreements, and were valued at approximately $3 million in the aggregate. Earn-outs are recorded within other current and other long-term liabilities, as appropriate, in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 4 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments for details pertaining to fair value estimates for the Company’s earn-out arrangements. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining potential undiscounted earn-out liabilities for the 2022 acquisitions was estimated to be up to $1 million; however, there is no maximum payment amount. Current liabilities reflected in the table above also include operating lease liabilities and contingent liabilities for insurance, legal and other matters. 2021 Acquisitions. During 2021, MasTec completed fourteen acquisitions, which included the equity interests of the following: (i) HMG, an industry-leading utility services firm providing critical infrastructure design, construction and maintenance services to the power and renewables, telecommunications, gas distribution and pipeline services end-markets, which acquisition was effective in December. HMG’s results are reported within the Company’s Power Delivery, Communications and Oil and Gas segments, as appropriate, and HMG’s corporate functions are reported within the Company’s corporate results. Additionally, the Company’s 2021 acquisitions included: (ii) within its Power Delivery segment: an electric utility distribution contractor and a company specializing in vegetation management services for the electric and telecommunications industries, which acquisitions were effective in December; and INTREN, LLC (“INTREN”), a premier specialty utility contractor primarily providing electrical distribution network services under various multi-year master service agreements to some of the nation’s largest utilities, municipalities and cooperatives, which acquisition was effective in May; (iii) within its Clean Energy and Infrastructure segment: a heavy civil infrastructure construction company focusing on transportation projects; and a heavy industrial general contractor with concrete, piping and electrical capabilities, which acquisitions were effective in February and April, respectively; (iv) within its Communications segment: a telecommunications company specializing in cabling, plant and other network services, which acquisition was effective in November; a telecommunications and utility technical services company focusing on outside plant telecommunications engineering; a telecommunications and cable services provider; and a utilities infrastructure company, providing power line construction and repair services, all of which acquisitions were effective in May; and, effective in August, the business operations of an entity specializing in install-to-the-home services; and (v) within its Oil and Gas segment: an infrastructure construction company focusing on water, sewer and utility projects, along with expertise in site work; and a company specializing in environmental services for energy infrastructure and heavy civil projects, both of which acquisitions were effective in December; and a pipeline contractor focusing on integrity and maintenance work related to gas distribution infrastructure, which acquisition was effective in February. The following table summarizes, as of December 31, 2022, the estimated fair values of consideration paid and net assets acquired, as adjusted, for the Company’s 2021 acquisitions (in millions): Acquisition consideration (a) : HMG All other Total Cash, net of cash acquired $ 402.4 $ 876.7 $ 1,279.1 Shares transferred 181.7 — 181.7 Estimated fair value of contingent consideration — 104.9 104.9 Total consideration $ 584.1 $ 981.6 $ 1,565.7 Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed: Accounts receivable and contract assets $ 409.0 $ 266.2 $ 675.2 Current assets 19.5 26.7 46.2 Property and equipment 248.6 250.6 499.2 Long-term assets, primarily operating lease right-of-use assets 84.9 81.9 166.8 Amortizing intangible assets 164.4 444.2 608.6 Accounts payable (108.0) (49.3) (157.3) Current liabilities, including current portion of operating lease liabilities (157.2) (140.7) (297.9) Long-term debt, including finance lease obligations (0.2) (4.4) (4.6) Long-term liabilities, primarily operating lease liabilities and deferred income taxes (148.3) (76.6) (224.9) Total identifiable net assets $ 512.7 $ 798.6 $ 1,311.3 Goodwill 71.4 186.6 258.0 Total net assets acquired, including goodwill $ 584.1 $ 985.2 $ 1,569.3 Bargain purchase gain — (3.6) (3.6) Total consideration $ 584.1 $ 981.6 $ 1,565.7 (a) Acquisition consideration in the table above excludes approximately $65 million of measurement period adjustments for estimated payments that will be made to the sellers of HMG if certain acquired receivables are collected. Given the pass-through nature of these contingent payments, they have been excluded from total consideration and current assets in the table above. See below for related discussion. Amortizing intangible assets related to the HMG acquisition are primarily composed of customer relationships, and to a lesser extent, trade names and backlog. Customer relationship intangible assets totaled approximately $132 million, and had a weighted average life of approximately 12 years, as adjusted, based on HMG’s operational history and established relationships with, and the nature of, its customers, which are primarily in the utilities industry. The weighted average life of amortizing intangible assets in the aggregate, as adjusted, for the HMG acquisition was 11 years. Amortizing intangible assets related to “All other” acquisitions are primarily composed of customer relationships and trade names, which each had a weighted average life of approximately 17 years. The aggregate weighted average life, as adjusted, related to “All other” amortizing intangible assets was 17 years. INTREN’s acquired intangible assets, which are included within “All other” acquisitions in the table above, included a customer relationship and a trade name intangible asset representing $281 million in the aggregate, having weighted average asset lives of approximately 20 years each based on INTREN’s operational history and established relationships with, and the nature of, its customers, which are primarily in the utilities industry. Amortizing intangible assets are amortized in a manner consistent with the pattern in which the related benefits are expected to be consumed. The goodwill balances for each of the respective acquisitions, including approximately $49 million for INTREN, represent the estimated values of each acquired company’s geographic presence in key markets, assembled workforce, management team’s industry-specific project management expertise and synergies expected to be achieved from the combined operations of each of the acquired companies and MasTec. Approximately $178 million of the goodwill balance related to the 2021 acquisitions is expected to be tax deductible as of December 31, 2023. One of the Company’s fourth quarter 2021 acquisitions within its Power Delivery segment resulted in the recognition of a bargain purchase gain of $3.6 million, of which $0.2 million was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2022. The HMG purchase agreement provides for certain additional payments to be made to the sellers if certain acquired receivables are collected by the Company (the “Additional Payments”). Pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement, a portion of the Additional Payments will be made in cash, with the remainder due in shares of MasTec common stock. The estimated number of potential shares that could be issued related to such Additional Payments will be based on the amounts ultimately collected and the share price as defined within the purchase agreement. Changes in the estimated fair value of potential shares that could be issued, which result from changes in MasTec’s share price as compared with the share price as defined within the purchase agreement, are reflected as unrealized gains or losses within other income or expense, as appropriate. In May 2022, an Additional Payment of approximately $29.4 million was made, which payment was composed of approximately $18 million in cash and is reflected within financing activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows, and 133,157 shares of MasTec common stock, and for which a realized gain of approximately $1 million was recognized within other income, net, in the related period. In addition, the HMG purchase agreement provided for a customary net working capital adjustment, which was resolved in the second quarter of 2022, resulting in a reduction in purchase consideration for the HMG acquisition of approximately $15 million, which reduction is reflected in the table above. This working capital adjustment had no impact on the number of shares issued in connection with the acquisition. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the estimated fair value of remaining Additional Payments totaled approximately $34 million and $37 million, respectively, which amounts are included within other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of remaining Additional Payments included the effect of unrealized fair value gains related to the contingent shares of approximately $1.3 million and a reduction of approximately $2.4 million from changes in collections attributed to acquired balances. For the year ended December 31, 2022, unrealized fair value measurement activity related to the contingent shares totaled gains of approximately $1.2 million. The estimated number of shares that would be paid in connection with the remaining Additional Payment liability totaled approximately 160,000 and 170,000 shares as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Of the total remaining Additional Payments as of December 31, 2023, the amount due to the sellers, based on amounts collected as of December 31, 2023, totaled approximately $19.4 million, of which the amount due in shares totaled approximately $6.7 million, or 87,900 shares. See Note 2 - Earnings Per Share for the effect of the above referenced shares on the Company’s earnings per share calculations. Included within “All other” acquisition consideration is approximately $455 million of consideration, including estimated earn-out liabilities, for INTREN. Total cash paid for acquisitions, net, includes approximately $78 million of cash acquired. The shares of MasTec common stock transferred in connection with the HMG acquisition in the table above consisted of approximately 2.0 million shares, as determined in accordance with the terms of the purchase agreement, which were valued at approximately $182 million based on the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of closing. The contingent consideration included in the table above is composed of earn-out liabilities, which generally equal a portion of the acquired companies’ EBITDA in excess of thresholds agreed upon with the sellers, if applicable. The length of the earn-out arrangements for the 2021 acquisitions generally range from one to five-year terms, as set forth in the respective purchase agreements, and are valued at approximately $105 million in the aggregate. The earn-out arrangement for the INTREN acquisition included within “All other” acquisitions had a term of less than one year. Earn-outs are generally payable annually and are recorded within other current and other long-term liabilities, as appropriate, in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 4 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments for details pertaining to fair value estimates for the Company’s earn-out arrangements. As of December 31, 2023, the range of remaining potential undiscounted earn-out liabilities for the 2021 acquisitions was estimated to be between $21 million and $79 million; however, there is no maximum payment amount. Pro forma results . For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, unaudited supplemental pro forma revenue totaled approximately $12.0 billion, $11.6 billion and $12.3 billion, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2023, unaudited supplemental pro forma net loss totaled approximately $61.3 million, and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, unaudited supplemental pro forma net income totaled approximately $7.4 million and $229.1 million, respectively. These unaudited pro forma financial results include the results of operations of acquired companies as if those companies had been consolidated as of the beginning of the year prior to their acquisition, and are provided for illustrative purposes only. These unaudited pro forma financial results do not purport to be indicative of the actual results that would have been achieved by the combined companies for the periods indicated, or of the results that may be achieved by the combined companies in the future. Supplemental pro forma information for the Company’s first quarter 2023 acquisition has not been presented for the pre-acquisition periods due to the impracticability of obtaining accurate or reliable historical financial information for the assets of the entity that was acquired. The Company’s unaudited pro forma financial results were prepared by adding the unaudited historical results of acquired businesses to the historical results of MasTec, and then adjusting those combined results for (i) acquisition costs; (ii) amortization expense from acquired intangible assets; (iii) interest expense from cash consideration paid; (iv) interest expense from debt repaid upon acquisition; and (iv) other purchase accounting related adjustments. These unaudited pro forma financial results do not include adjustments to reflect other cost savings or synergies that may have resulted from these acquisitions. Future results may vary significantly due to future events and other factors, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. Acquisition-related results . The Company defines “acquisition” results as results from acquired businesses for the first twelve months following the dates of the respective acquisitions. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s consolidated results of operations included acquisition-related revenue of approximately $1,546.3 million, $2,990.1 million and $1,021.8 million, respectively. Acquisition-related revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 included approximately $1,374.6 million for IEA, and for the year ended December 31, 2022, such revenue included approximately $567.2 million for IEA and $1,902.4 million for HMG and INTREN in the aggregate. For the year ended December 31, 2021, acquisition-related revenue included approximately $436.0 million for INTREN. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company’s consolidated results of operations included acquisition-related net losses of approximately $40.0 million, based on the Company’s consolidated effective tax rates. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, acquisition-related net income totaled approximately $53.9 million and $6.6 million, respectively, based on the Company’s consolidated effective tax rates. These acquisition-related results include amortization of acquired intangible assets and certain acquisition integration costs, and exclude the effects of interest expense associated with consideration paid for the related acquisitions. Revenue and net losses from the Company’s 2023 acquisitions included within the Company’s consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 totaled $145.9 million and $5.9 million, respectively. Acquisition and integration costs . As discussed above, the Company initiated a significant transformation of its end-market business operations in 2021, which transformation involved significant business combination activity and resulted in significant acquisition and integration costs. Such costs are included within general and administrative expenses, costs of revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization, and other expense, as appropriate. These acquisition and integration costs include: i) the costs of integrating acquired entities, such as: employee termination expenses, including employee compensation relating to the elimination of certain positions that were determined to be redundant, and other integration-type costs, including operating cost redundancies, facility consolidation expenses, lease termination expenses, losses on disposal of identified assets, system migration expenses, training and other integration costs; and ii) legal, professional and other fees associated with the consummation of the above-referenced acquisitions, including fees paid in connection with certain transaction-related financing commitments, such as bridge financing related to the 2022 acquisition of IEA. For the year ended December 31, 2023, such acquisition and integration costs totaled approximately $71.9 million, of which $64.1 million was included within general and administrative expenses, and of which $7.8 million was included within costs of revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization. Acquisition and integration costs for the year ended December 31, 2022 totaled approximately $86.0 million, of which $52.0 million was included within general and administrative expenses, and of which $29.3 million and $4.7 million were included within costs of revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization, and other expense, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2021, such acquisition and integration costs totaled $3.6 million, which costs were included within general and administrative expenses. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, approximately $0.3 million and $5.5 million, respectively, was included within current liabilities within the consolidated balance sheets related to such costs. As of December 31, 2023, acquisition and integration efforts related to the above- |