Fair Value | Note 4: Fair Value The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value of certain assets and liabilities and to estimate fair value of financial instruments not recorded at fair value but required to be disclosed at fair value. Certain financial instruments, such as insurance policy liabilities (other than investment-type contracts), are excluded from the fair value disclosure requirements. Valuation Hierarchy Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value of assets and liabilities into three broad levels. The Company has categorized its financial instruments, based on the degree of subjectivity inherent in the valuation technique, as follows: · · · For purposes of determining the fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, observable inputs are those inputs used by market participants in valuing financial instruments, which are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. In the absence of sufficient observable inputs, unobservable inputs, reflecting the Company’s estimates of the assumptions market participants would use in valuing financial assets and liabilities, are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The Company uses prices and inputs that are current as of the measurement date. In some instances, valuation inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. The category level in the fair value hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The hierarchy requires the use of market observable information when available for assessing fair value. The availability of observable inputs varies by investment. In situations where the fair value is based on inputs that are unobservable in the market or on inputs from inactive markets, the determination of fair value requires more judgment and is subject to the risk of variability. The degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is typically greatest for investments categorized in Level 3. Transfers in and out of level categorizations are reported as having occurred at the end of the quarter in which the transfer occurred. Therefore, for all transfers into Level 3, all realized gains and losses and all changes in unrealized gains and losses in the fourth quarter are not reflected in the Level 3 rollforward table. Valuation Process The Company is responsible for the determination of fair value and the supporting assumptions and methodologies. The Company gains assurance on the overall reasonableness and consistent application of valuation methodologies and inputs and compliance with accounting standards through the execution of various processes and controls designed to provide assurance that the Company’s assets and liabilities are appropriately valued. The Company has policies and guidelines that require the establishment of valuation methodologies and consistent application of such methodologies. These policies and guidelines govern the use of inputs and price source hierarchies and provide controls around the valuation processes. These controls include appropriate review and analysis of prices against market activity or indicators of reasonableness, approval of price source changes, price overrides, methodology changes and classification of fair value hierarchy levels. The valuation policies and guidelines are reviewed and updated as appropriate. For fair values received from third parties or internally estimated, the Company’s processes are designed to provide assurance that the valuation methodologies and inputs are appropriate and consistently applied, the assumptions are reasonable and consistent with the objective of determining fair value, and the fair values are appropriately recorded. The Company performs procedures to understand and assess the methodologies, process and controls of valuation service providers. In addition, the Company may validate the reasonableness of fair values by comparing information obtained from valuation service providers or brokers to other third party valuation sources for selected securities. When using internal valuation models, these models are developed by the Company’s investment group using established methodologies. The models including key assumptions are reviewed with various investment sector professionals, accounting, operations, compliance and risk management. In addition, Transfers Between Levels There were no transfers between levels during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. Fair Value Measurement – Recurring Basis The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016. Assets, at Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash equivalents 1 $ 14,415 $ - $ - $ 14,415 Debt securities: U.S. government and agencies - 8,430 - 8,430 Mortgage-backed securities: Residential mortgage-backed - 2,109 - 2,109 Total debt securities - 10,539 - 10,539 Derivatives embedded in assets on deposit - - 246,405 246,405 Separate account assets - 20,221 - 20,221 Total assets $ 14,415 $ 30,760 $ 246,405 $ 291,580 Liabilities, at Fair Value Level1 Level2 Level3 Total Derivatives embedded in annuity contracts $ - $ - $ 246,405 $ 246,405 Total liabilities $ - $ - $ 246,405 $ 246,405 1 The following table summarizes the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015. Assets, at Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash equivalents 1 $ 16,080 $ - $ - $ 16,080 Debt securities: U.S. government and agencies - 9,813 - 9,813 Mortgage-backed securities: Residential mortgage-backed - 2,538 - 2,538 Total debt securities - 12,351 - 12,351 Derivatives embedded in assets on deposit - - 122,043 122,043 Total assets $ 16,080 $ 12,351 $ 122,043 $ 150,474 Liabilities, at Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Derivatives embedded in annuity contracts $ - $ - $ 122,043 $ 122,043 Total liabilities $ - $ - $ 122,043 $ 122,043 1 The Company had no assets or liabilities that required a fair value adjustment on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2016 or 2015. Determination of Fair Values The Company determines the estimated fair value of its investments using primarily the market approach and the income approach. The use of quoted prices and matrix pricing or similar techniques are examples of market approaches, while the use of discounted cash flow methodologies is an example of the income approach. A summary of valuation techniques for classes of financial assets and liabilities by fair value hierarchy level are as follows: Level 1 Measurements Cash equivalents: Level 2 Measurements For the majority of assets classified as Level 2 investments, the Company values the assets using third-party pricing sources, which generally rely on quoted prices for similar assets in markets that are active and observable market data. U.S. government and agencies: Residential mortgage-backed securities: Separate account assets: Level 3 Measurements Derivatives embedded in assets on deposit and annuity contracts: In estimating the fair value of the embedded derivative, the Company attributes a present value to the embedded derivative equal to the discounted sum of the excess cash flows of the index related fund value over the minimum fund value. The current year portion of the embedded derivative is adjusted for known market conditions. The discount factor at which the embedded derivative is valued contains an adjustment for the Company’s own credit and risk margins for unobservable non-capital market inputs. The Company’s own credit adjustment is determined taking into consideration publicly available information relating to the Company’s debt as well as its claims paying ability. These derivatives may be more costly than expected in volatile or declining equity markets. Changes in market conditions include, but are not limited to, changes in interest rates, equity indices, default rates and market volatility. Changes in fair value may be impacted by changes in the Company’s own credit standing. Lastly, changes in actuarial assumptions regarding policyholder behavior (such as full or partial withdrawals varying from expectations) and risk margins related to non-capital market inputs may result in significant fluctuations in the fair value of the derivatives. See Embedded Derivatives within Note 3, Investments for the impact to net income. The following table presents information about significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 embedded derivative liabilities and related assets on deposit measured at fair value developed by internal models as of December 31, 2016 and 2015: Predominant Significant Range of Values - Unobservable Input Valuation Method Unobservable Input 2016 2015 Single premium deferred annuities Discounted cash flow Lapse rates 2% to 4% with an 2% to 4% with an excess lapse rate at excess lapse rate at the end of the index the end of the index period of 95%. period of 95%. Company's own 105 - 181 basis points 82 - 137 basis points credit and risk margin added on to added on to discount rate discount rate Flexible premium deferred variable annuities Discounted cash flow Lapse rates 2% to 10% with an excess lapse rate at the end of the index N/A period of 80% to 95%. Company's own 105 - 181 basis points credit and risk margin added on to N/A discount rate Changes in Fair Value Measurement The following table sets forth the values of assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2016. Total Realized/Unrealized Gain (Loss) Included in: Balance Balance January 1, December 31, 2016 Purchases Maturities Earnings 1 2016 Derivatives embedded in assets on deposit $ 122,043 $ 78,090 $ (2,953) $ 49,225 $ 246,405 Total assets $ 122,043 $ 78,090 $ (2,953) $ 49,225 $ 246,405 Derivatives embedded in annuity contracts $ 122,043 $ 78,090 $ (2,953) $ 49,225 $ 246,405 Total liabilities $ 122,043 $ 78,090 $ (2,953) $ 49,225 $ 246,405 1 The following table sets forth the values of assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2015. Total Realized/Unrealized Gain (Loss) Included in: Balance Balance January 1, December 31, 2015 Purchases Maturities Earnings 1 2015 Derivatives embedded in assets on deposit $ 45,503 $ 73,631 $ (682) $ 3,591 $ 122,043 Total assets $ 45,503 $ 73,631 $ (682) $ 3,591 $ 122,043 Derivatives embedded in annuity contracts $ 45,503 $ 73,631 $ (682) $ 3,591 $ 122,043 Total liabilities $ 45,503 $ 73,631 $ (682) $ 3,591 $ 122,043 1 Fair Value Measurements for Financial Instruments Not Reported at Fair Value Accounting standards require disclosure of fair value information about certain on- and off balance sheet financial instruments which are not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis for which it is practicable to estimate that value. The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value disclosures for significant financial instruments: Level 1 Measurements Cash: Level 2 Measurements Assets on deposit and Investment-type contracts: Separate account liabilities: The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments which are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31 are as follows: 2016 2015 Carrying Estimated Carrying Estimated Amount Fair Value Level Amount Fair Value Level Financial instruments recorded as assets: Cash $ 4,317 $ 4,317 1 $ 1,013 $ 1,013 1 Assets on deposit 1,372,708 1,227,484 2 825,552 699,721 2 Financial instruments recorded as liabilities: Investment-type contracts 1,372,708 1,227,484 2 825,552 699,721 2 Separate account liabilities 20,221 20,221 2 - - n/a |