Fair Value | Note 4: Fair Value The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value of certain assets and liabilities and to estimate fair value of financial instruments not recorded at fair value but required to be disclosed at fair value. Certain financial instruments, such as insurance policy liabilities (other than investment-type contracts), are excluded from the fair value disclosure requirements. Valuation Hierarchy Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value of assets and liabilities into three broad levels. The Company has categorized its financial instruments, based on the degree of subjectivity inherent in the valuation technique, as follows: • Level 1: Inputs are directly observable and represent quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. • Level 2: All significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, for the asset or liability. This includes: (i) quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, (ii) quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, (iii) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the instruments and (iv) inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. • Level 3: One or more significant inputs are unobservable and reflect the Company’s estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk. For purposes of determining the fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, observable inputs are those inputs used by market participants in valuing financial instruments, which are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. The Company uses prices and inputs that are current as of the measurement date. In some instances, valuation inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. The category level in the fair value hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The hierarchy requires the use of market observable information when available for assessing fair value. The availability of observable inputs varies by investment. The Company has no Level 3 investments with unrealized gains or losses included in other comprehensive income (loss). Valuation Process The Company is responsible for the determination of fair value and the supporting assumptions and methodologies. The Company gains assurance on the overall reasonableness and consistent application of valuation methodologies and inputs and compliance with accounting standards through the execution of various processes and controls designed to provide assurance that the Company’s assets and liabilities are appropriately valued. The Company has policies and guidelines that require the establishment of valuation methodologies and consistent application of such methodologies. These policies and guidelines govern the use of inputs and price source hierarchies and provide controls around the valuation processes. These controls include appropriate review and analysis of prices against market activity or indicators of reasonableness, approval of price source changes, price overrides, methodology changes and classification of fair value hierarchy levels. The valuation policies and guidelines are reviewed and updated as appropriate. Transfers Between Levels There were no transfers between levels during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Fair Value Measurement – Recurring Basis The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018. Assets, at Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash equivalents 1 $ 21,630 $ – $ – $ 21,630 Debt securities: U.S. government and agencies – 8,223 – 8,223 Domestic corporate securities – 16,655 – 16,655 Residential mortgage-backed securities – 653 – 653 Foreign corporate securities – 4,038 – 4,038 Total debt securities – 29,569 – 29,569 Derivatives embedded in assets on deposit – – 524,178 524,178 Separate account assets – 103,205 – 103,205 Total assets $ 21,630 $ 132,774 $ 524,178 $ 678,582 Liabilities, at Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Derivatives embedded in annuity contracts $ – $ – $ 524,178 $ 524,178 Total liabilities $ – $ – $ 524,178 $ 524,178 1 The following table summarizes the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017. Assets, at Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash equivalents 1 $ 16,607 $ – $ – $ 16,607 Debt securities: U.S. government and agencies – 8,954 – 8,954 Residential mortgage-backed securities – 1,713 – 1,713 Total debt securities – 10,667 – 10,667 Derivatives embedded in assets on deposit – – 471,192 471,192 Separate account assets – 69,005 – 69,005 Total assets $ 16,607 $ 79,672 $ 471,192 $ 567,471 Liabilities, at Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Derivatives embedded in annuity contracts $ – $ – $ 471,192 $ 471,192 Total liabilities $ – $ – $ 471,192 $ 471,192 1 The Company had no assets or liabilities that required a fair value adjustment on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2018 or 2017. Determination of Fair Values The Company determines the estimated fair value of its investments using primarily the market approach and the income approach. The use of quoted prices and matrix pricing or similar techniques are examples of market approaches, while the use of discounted cash flow methodologies is an example of the income approach. A summary of valuation techniques for classes of financial assets and liabilities by fair value hierarchy level are as follows: Level 1 Measurements Cash equivalents: Level 2 Measurements For assets classified as Level 2 investments, the Company values the assets using third-party pricing sources, which generally rely on quoted prices for similar assets in markets that are active and observable market data. U.S. government and agencies: spreads and quoted prices for identical assets in markets that are not active and/or similar assets in markets that are active. Domestic corporate securities: Residential mortgage-backed securities: Foreign corporate securities: Separate account assets: Level 3 Measurements Derivatives embedded in assets on deposit and annuity contracts: In estimating the fair value of the embedded derivative, the Company attributes a present value to the embedded derivative equal to the discounted sum of the excess cash flows of the index related fund value over the minimum fund value. The current year portion of the embedded derivative is adjusted for known market conditions. The discount factor at which the embedded derivative is valued contains an adjustment for the Company’s own credit and risk margins for unobservable non-capital market inputs. The Company’s own credit adjustment is determined taking into consideration publicly available information relating to the Company’s debt as well as its claims paying ability. These derivatives may be more costly than expected in volatile or declining equity markets. Changes in market conditions include, but are not limited to, changes in interest rates, equity indices, default rates and market volatility. Changes in fair value may be impacted by changes in the Company’s own credit standing. Lastly, changes in actuarial assumptions regarding policyholder behavior (such as full or partial withdrawals varying from expectations) and risk margins related to non-capital market inputs may result in significant fluctuations in the fair value of the derivatives. See Embedded Derivatives within Note 3, Investments for the impact to net income. The following table presents information about significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 embedded derivative liabilities and related assets on deposit measured at fair value developed by internal models as of December 31, 2018 and 2017: Predominant Significant Range of Values - Unobservable Input Valuation Method Unobservable Input 2018 2017 Single premium deferred index annuity Discounted cash flow Lapse rates 2% to 4% with an 2% to 4% with an excess lapse rate at excess lapse rate at the end of the index the end of the index period of 50% or 95%. period of 50% or 95%. Weighted average Weighted average is 3.7% is 2.9% Company’s own 51 - 113 basis points 58 - 99 basis points credit and risk margin added on to added on to discount rate. discount rate. Weighted average Weighted average is 80 basis points is 70 basis points Flexible premium variable and index linked deferred annuity Discounted cash flow Lapse rates 2% to 10% with an 2% to 10% with an excess lapse rate at excess lapse rate at the end of the index the end of the index period of 5% to 20%. period of 5% to 20%. Weighted average Weighted average is 2.6% is 2.6% Company’s own 51 - 113 basis points 58 - 99 basis points credit and risk margin added on to added on to discount rate. discount rate. Weighted average Weighted average is 80 basis points is 70 basis points Changes in Fair Value Measurement The following table sets forth the values of assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2018. Total Realized/Unrealized Gain (Loss) Included in: Balance Balance January 1, December 31, 2018 Purchases Maturities Earnings 1 2018 Derivatives embedded in assets on deposit $ 471,192 $ 109,477 $ (11,390 ) $ (45,101 ) $ 524,178 Total assets $ 471,192 $ 109,477 $ (11,390 ) $ (45,101 ) $ 524,178 Derivatives embedded in annuity contracts $ 471,192 $ 109,477 $ (11,390 ) $ (45,101 ) $ 524,178 Total liabilities $ 471,192 $ 109,477 $ (11,390 ) $ (45,101 ) $ 524,178 1 The following table sets forth the values of assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2017. Total Realized/Unrealized Gain (Loss) Included in: Balance Balance January 1, December 31, 2017 Purchases Maturities Earnings 1 2017 Derivatives embedded in assets on deposit $ 246,405 $ 93,748 $ (5,039 ) $ 136,078 $ 471,192 Total assets $ 246,405 $ 93,748 $ (5,039 ) $ 136,078 $ 471,192 Derivatives embedded in annuity contracts $ 246,405 $ 93,748 $ (5,039 ) $ 136,078 $ 471,192 Total liabilities $ 246,405 $ 93,748 $ (5,039 ) $ 136,078 $ 471,192 1 Fair Value Measurements for Financial Instruments Not Reported at Fair Value Accounting standards require disclosure of fair value information about certain on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments which are not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis for which it is practicable to estimate that value. The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value disclosures for significant financial instruments: Level 1 Measurements Cash Level 2 Measurements Assets on deposit and Investment-type contracts Separate account liabilities The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments which are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31 are as follows: 2018 2017 Carrying Estimated Carrying Estimated Amount Fair Value Level Amount Fair Value Level Financial instruments recorded as assets: Cash $ 3,282 $ 3,282 1 $ 1,833 $ 1,833 1 Assets on deposit 2,613,918 2,303,358 2 1,981,841 1,726,602 2 Financial instruments recorded as liabilities: Investment-type contracts 2,613,918 2,303,358 2 1,981,841 1,726,602 2 Separate account liabilities 103,205 103,205 2 69,005 69,005 2 |