Snap (SNAP) 10-K 6 Feb 24 2023 FY Annual report Financial data

Cover Page

Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Feb. 02, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38017
Entity Registrant Name	SNAP INC
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	45-5452795
Entity Address, Address Line One	3000 31st Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Santa Monica
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	90405
City Area Code	(310)
Local Phone Number	399-3339
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share
Trading Symbol	SNAP
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 14.8
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Central Index Key	0001564408
Class A
Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock Shares Outstanding		1,396,476,171
Class B
Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock Shares Outstanding		22,528,406
Class C
Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock Shares Outstanding		231,626,943

Audit Information

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Firm ID	42
Auditor Name	Ernst & Young LLP
Auditor Location	Los Angeles, CA, United States

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (1,322,485)	$ (1,429,653)	$ (487,955)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	168,441	202,173	119,141
Stock-based compensation	1,324,004	1,387,787	1,092,135
Amortization of debt issuance costs	7,361	6,865	4,311
Losses (gains) on debt and equity securities, net	33,027	36,838	(289,052)
Induced conversion expense related to convertible notes	0	0	41,538
Other	(26,958)	15,596	8,643
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable, net of allowance	(98,127)	(119,780)	(332,967)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(9,920)	(40,917)	(26,607)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	70,674	71,441	47,258
Other assets	2,238	(504)	(10,916)
Accounts payable	94,988	46,492	53,579
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	62,130	71,706	117,092
Operating lease liabilities	(68,007)	(68,886)	(49,294)
Other liabilities	9,155	5,456	5,974
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	246,521	184,614	292,880
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(211,727)	(129,306)	(69,875)
Purchases of strategic investments	(7,770)	(26,346)	(41,160)
Sales of strategic investments	7,559	63,276	36,777
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(50,254)	(67,067)	(310,915)
Purchases of marketable securities	(2,048,273)	(3,485,638)	(2,438,983)
Sales of marketable securities	459,481	75,716	379,555
Maturities of marketable securities	2,424,717	2,525,215	2,536,725
Other	(2,779)	(18,125)	(1,897)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	570,954	(1,062,275)	90,227
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes, net of issuance costs	0	1,483,500	1,137,227
Purchase of capped calls	0	(177,000)	(86,825)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	1,038	4,272	14,671
Payments of debt issuance costs	0	(3,006)	0
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock	(189,394)	(1,001,052)	0
Deferred payments for acquisitions	(270,433)	0	0
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(458,789)	306,714	1,065,073
Change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	358,686	(570,947)	1,448,180
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period	1,423,776	1,994,723	546,543
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period	1,782,462	1,423,776	1,994,723
Supplemental disclosures
Cash paid for income taxes, net	30,924	12,087	25,333
Cash paid for interest	$ 10,244	$ 8,873	$ 10,887

Consolidated Statements of Oper

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 4,606,115	$ 4,601,847	$ 4,117,048
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue	2,114,117	1,815,342	1,750,246
Research and development	1,910,862	2,109,800	1,565,467
Sales and marketing	1,122,092	1,118,746	792,764
General and administrative	857,423	953,265	710,640
Total costs and expenses	6,004,494	5,997,153	4,819,117
Operating loss	(1,398,379)	(1,395,306)	(702,069)
Interest income	168,394	58,597	5,199
Interest expense	(22,024)	(21,459)	(17,676)
Other income (expense), net	(42,414)	(42,529)	240,175
Loss before income taxes	(1,294,423)	(1,400,697)	(474,371)
Income tax benefit (expense)	(28,062)	(28,956)	(13,584)
Net loss	$ (1,322,485)	$ (1,429,653)	$ (487,955)
Net loss per share attributable to Class A, Class B, and Class C common stockholders (Note 3):
Basic (in usd per share)	$ (0.82)	$ (0.89)	$ (0.31)
Diluted (in usd per share)	$ (0.82)	$ (0.89)	$ (0.31)
Weighted average shares used in computation of net loss per share:
Basic (in shares)	1,612,504	1,608,304	1,558,997
Diluted (in shares)	1,612,504	1,608,304	1,558,997

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (1,322,485)	$ (1,429,653)	$ (487,955)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax	8,269	(9,307)	(1,735)
Foreign currency translation	12,836	(10,188)	(14,107)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	21,105	(19,495)	(15,842)
Total comprehensive loss	$ (1,301,380)	$ (1,449,148)	$ (503,797)

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,780,400	$ 1,423,121
Marketable securities	1,763,680	2,516,003
Accounts receivable, net of allowance	1,278,176	1,183,092
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	153,587	134,431
Total current assets	4,975,843	5,256,647
Property and equipment, net	410,326	271,777
Operating lease right-of-use assets	516,862	370,952
Intangible assets, net	146,303	204,480
Goodwill	1,691,827	1,646,120
Other assets	226,597	279,562
Total assets	7,967,758	8,029,538
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	278,961	181,774
Operating lease liabilities	49,321	46,485
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	805,836	987,340
Total current liabilities	1,134,118	1,215,599
Convertible senior notes, net	3,749,400	3,742,520
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	546,279	386,271
Other liabilities	123,849	104,450
Total liabilities	5,553,646	5,448,840
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ equity
Treasury stock, at cost. 49,200 and 51,312 shares of Class A non-voting common stock at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.	(479,903)	(500,514)
Additional paid-in capital	14,613,404	13,309,828
Accumulated deficit	(11,726,536)	(10,214,657)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	7,131	(13,974)
Total stockholders’ equity	2,414,112	2,580,698
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	7,967,758	8,029,538
Class A Non-voting Common Stock
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, value	14	13
Class B Voting Common Stock
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, value	0	0
Class C Voting Common Stock
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, value	$ 2	$ 2

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	1,694,696,000	1,625,398,000		1,619,283,000
Class A Non-voting Common Stock
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	3,000,000,000	3,000,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	1,440,540,591	1,371,242,000
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	1,391,341,262	1,319,930,000
Treasury stock, common (in shares)	49,200,000	51,312,000	51,300,000
Class B Voting Common Stock
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	700,000,000	700,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	22,528,406	22,529,000
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	22,528,406	22,529,000
Class C Voting Common Stock
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	260,887,848	260,888,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	231,626,943	231,627,000
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	231,626,943	231,627,000

Consolidated Statements of Stoc

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Treasury stock	Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Accumulated deficit	Accumulated deficit Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	Class A	Class A Common stock	Class A Common stock Class A Non-Voting Common Stock Conversion From Class B Voting Common Stock	Class B	Class B Common stock	Class B Common stock Class A Non-Voting Common Stock Conversion From Class B Voting Common Stock	Class C	Class C Common stock
Common stock, beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020			0		0		0		1,248,010,000			23,696,000			231,627,000
Treasury stock, beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020		0
Balance, beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2020		$ 0	$ 10,200,141	$ (664,021)	$ (7,891,542)	$ 95,031	$ 21,363		$ 12			$ 0			$ 2
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Shares issued in connection with exercise of stock options under stock-based compensation plans (in shares)									1,174,000			168,000
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock in connection with acquisitions (in shares)									6,732,000
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, net (in shares)									55,466,000
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, net									$ 1
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock for the induced conversion related to convertible senior notes (in shares)									52,410,000
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock for the induced conversion related to convertible senior notes			1,175,191						$ 1
Conversion of common stock to common stock (in shares)										1,095,000			(1,095,000)
Stock-based compensation expense			1,088,506
Shares issued in connection with exercise of stock options under stock-based compensation plans			14,680
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock in connection with acquisitions and divestitures			341,425
Purchase of capped calls			$ (86,825)
Net loss	$ (487,955)				$ (487,955)			$ (408,118)			$ (7,339)			$ (72,498)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	$ (15,842)						$ (15,842)
Common stock, end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	1,619,283,000		0		0		0		1,364,887,000			22,769,000			231,627,000
Treasury stock, end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		0
Balance, end of period at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 3,790,168	$ 0	$ 12,069,097		$ (8,284,466)		$ 5,521		$ 14			$ 0			$ 2
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Shares issued in connection with exercise of stock options under stock-based compensation plans (in shares)									334,000			58,000
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock in connection with acquisitions (in shares)									1,277,000
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, net (in shares)									58,342,000
Conversion of common stock to common stock (in shares)										298,000			(298,000)
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock (in shares)									(105,208,000)
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock									$ (1)
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock (in shares)		105,208,000
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock		$ (1,001,052)
Retirement of Class A non-voting common stock (in shares)		(53,896,000)
Retirement of Class A non-voting common stock		$ 500,538			(500,538)
Stock-based compensation expense			1,369,407
Shares issued in connection with exercise of stock options under stock-based compensation plans			4,285
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock in connection with acquisitions and divestitures			44,039
Purchase of capped calls			$ (177,000)
Net loss	(1,429,653)				$ (1,429,653)			$ (1,203,614)			$ (20,141)			$ (205,898)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	$ (19,495)						$ (19,495)
Common stock, end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	1,625,398,000		0		0		0	1,319,930,000	1,319,930,000		22,529,000	22,529,000		231,627,000	231,627,000
Treasury stock, end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		51,312,000						51,312,000
Balance, end of period at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 2,580,698	$ (500,514)	$ 13,309,828		$ (10,214,657)		$ (13,974)		$ 13			$ 0			$ 2
Treasury stock, beginning of period (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022								51,300,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Retirement of Class A non-voting common stock (in shares)								(53,900,000)
Retirement of Class A non-voting common stock								$ (500,500)
Common stock, end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	1,625,398,000		0		0		0	1,319,930,000	1,319,930,000		22,529,000	22,529,000		231,627,000	231,627,000
Treasury stock, end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		51,312,000						51,312,000
Balance, end of period at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 2,580,698	$ (500,514)	$ 13,309,828		$ (10,214,657)		$ (13,974)		$ 13			$ 0			$ 2
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Shares issued in connection with exercise of stock options under stock-based compensation plans (in shares)									599,000			565,000
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, net (in shares)									86,557,000
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, net									$ 1
Conversion of common stock to common stock (in shares)										566,000			(566,000)
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock (in shares)									(18,423,000)
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock (in shares)		18,423,000
Repurchases of Class A non-voting common stock		$ (189,394)
Retirement of Class A non-voting common stock (in shares)		(18,423,000)
Retirement of Class A non-voting common stock		$ 189,394			(189,394)
Reissuances of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		(2,112,000)							2,112,000
Reissuances of Class A non-voting common stock for vesting of restricted stock units		$ 20,611	(20,611)
Stock-based compensation expense			1,323,149
Shares issued in connection with exercise of stock options under stock-based compensation plans			$ 1,038
Net loss	(1,322,485)				$ (1,322,485)			$ (1,114,039)			$ (18,479)			$ (189,967)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	$ 21,105						$ 21,105
Common stock, end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	1,694,696,000		0		0		0	1,391,341,262	1,391,341,000		22,528,406	22,528,000		231,626,943	231,627,000
Treasury stock, end of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023		49,200,000						49,200,000
Balance, end of period at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 2,414,112	$ (479,903)	$ 14,613,404		$ (11,726,536)		$ 7,131		$ 14			$ 0			$ 2

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Snap Inc. is a technology company. Snap Inc. (“we,” “our,” or “us”), a Delaware corporation, is headquartered in Santa Monica, California. Our flagship product, Snapchat, is a visual messaging application that was created to help people communicate through short videos and images called “Snaps.” Basis of Presentation Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Snap Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Our fiscal year ends on December 31. Certain reclassifications have been made in the prior periods to conform to the current year's presentation. None of these reclassifications had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Use of Estimates The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Management’s estimates are based on historical information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Key estimates relate primarily to determining the fair value of assets and liabilities assumed in business combinations, evaluation of contingencies, uncertain tax positions, and the fair value of strategic investments. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates our estimates compared to historical experience and trends, which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities. Concentrations of Business Risk We currently use both Google Cloud and Amazon Web Services for our hosting requirements. A disruption or loss of service from one or both of these partners could seriously harm our ability to operate. Although we believe there are other qualified providers that can provide these services, a transition to a new provider could create a significant disruption to our business and negatively impact our consolidated financial statements. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. We maintain cash deposits, cash equivalent balances, and marketable securities with several financial institutions. Cash and cash equivalents may be withdrawn or redeemed on demand. We believe that the financial institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances. We also maintain investments in U.S. government debt and agency securities, publicly traded equity securities, corporate debt securities, certificates of deposit, and commercial paper that carry high credit ratings and accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances. We extend credit to our customers based on an evaluation of their ability to pay amounts due under contractual arrangement and generally do not obtain or require collateral. Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. See Note 2 for additional information. Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue In addition, cost of revenue consists of payments to third-party infrastructure partners for hosting our products, which include expenses related to storage, computing, and bandwidth costs. Cost of revenue also includes third-party selling costs, personnel-related costs, facilities and other supporting overhead costs, including depreciation and amortization, and inventory costs. Advertising Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and were $24.9 million, $42.7 million, and $62.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Capital Structure We have three classes of authorized common stock – Class A common stock, Class B common stock, and Class C common stock. Class A common stockholders have no voting rights, Class B common stockholders are entitled to one vote per share, and Class C common stockholders are entitled to ten votes per share. Shares of our Class B common stock are convertible into an equivalent number of shares of our Class A common stock and generally convert into shares of our Class A common stock upon transfer. Shares of our Class C common stock are convertible into an equivalent number of shares of our Class B common stock and generally convert into shares of our Class B common stock upon transfer. Future Stock Split to be Effected in the Form of a Stock Dividend In July 2022, our board of directors determined that it was advisable and in our best interest to approve a stock split to be effected in the form of a special dividend of one share of Class A common stock on each outstanding share of our common stock at a future date (the “Future Stock Split”). In connection with the Future Stock Split, we entered into certain agreements (the “Co-Founder Agreements”) with Evan Spiegel and Robert Murphy, our co-founders, and certain of their respective affiliates requiring them, among other things, to convert shares of Class B common stock and Class C common stock into Class A common stock under certain circumstances. The Future Stock Split will not be declared and paid until the first business day following the date on which the average of the volume weighted average price (the “VWAP”) per share of Class A common stock equals or exceeds $40 per share for 65 consecutive trading days. If this does not occur by July 21, 2032, the Future Stock Split will not be declared and paid, and the Co-Founder Agreements will terminate. In June 2023, in connection with a proposed settlement of a class-action lawsuit, and as amended in December 2023, we agreed to modify the conditions for the Future Stock Split, subject to various conditions, including judicial approval of the settlement. If approved, the Future Stock Split will not be declared and paid until the first business day following the date on which (i) the VWAP per share of Class A common stock equals or exceeds $40 per share for 90 consecutive trading days (the “90-Day VWAP”) and (ii) the ratio of the 90-Day VWAP to $8.70 equals or exceeds the ratio of the average closing price of the S&P 500 Total Return index for the same 90 trading days for which the 90-Day VWAP was calculated to 8,862.85. The original ten year time period to trigger the Future Stock Split would remain unchanged. No adjustments have been made to share or per share amounts for Class A common stock in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the effects of the Future Stock Split as these triggering conditions have not been met. Stock-based Compensation We measure and recognize compensation expense for stock-based payment awards, including stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) granted to employees, directors, and advisors, based on the grant date fair value of the awards. The grant date fair value of stock options is estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of stock-based compensation for stock options is recognized on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures, over the period during which services are provided in exchange for the award. The grant date fair value of RSUs and RSAs is estimated based on the fair value of our underlying common stock. RSUs and RSAs vest on the satisfaction of a service-based condition. The service condition for RSUs and RSAs is generally satisfied in equal monthly or quarterly installments over three eriod. Stock-based compensation expense recognized for all periods presented is based on awards that are expected to vest, including an estimate of forfeitures. We estimate the forfeiture rate using historical forfeitures of equity awards and other expected changes in facts and circumstances, if any. A modification of the terms of a stock-based award is treated as an exchange of the original award for a new award with total compensation cost equal to the grant-date fair value of the original award plus the incremental value of the modification to the award. The future tax benefits on settlement of the above RSUs and RSAs is not expected to be material as currently we have established valuation allowances to reduce our net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The majority of the future tax benefits that arise on settlement of the above RSUs are in jurisdictions for which our net deferred tax assets have a full valuation allowance. Income Taxes We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the deferred tax asset or liability is expected to be realized or settled. In evaluating our ability to recover deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, ongoing tax planning, and forecasts of future taxable income on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. Based on the level of historical losses, we have established a valuation allowance to reduce our net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. We recognize a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in our consolidated financial statements from such positions are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized. We recognize interest and penalties associated with tax matters as part of the income tax provision and include accrued interest and penalties with the related income tax liability on our consolidated balance sheets. Currency Translation and Remeasurement The functional currency of the majority of our foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are remeasured into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are remeasured at the average exchange rates during the period. Equity transactions and other non-monetary assets are remeasured using historical exchange rates. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense), net on our consolidated statement of operations. For those foreign subsidiaries where the local currency is the functional currency, adjustments to translate those statements into U.S. dollars are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase. Restricted Cash We are required to maintain restricted cash deposits to back letters of credit for certain property leases. These funds are restricted and have been classified in other assets on our consolidated balance sheets due to the nature of restriction. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, restricted cash balances were immaterial. Marketable Securities We hold investments in marketable securities consisting of U.S. government securities, U.S. government agency securities, publicly traded equity securities, corporate debt securities, certificates of deposit, and commercial paper. We classify marketable investments in debt securities as available-for-sale investments in our current assets because they represent investments available for current operations. Our available-for-sale investments in debt securities are carried at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses, included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income in stockholders’ equity. Available-for-sale debt securities with an amortized cost basis in excess of estimated fair value are assessed to determine what amount of that difference, if any, is caused by expected credit losses, with any allowance for credit losses recognized as a charge in other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of income. We did not record any credit losses on our available-for-sale debt securities in any of the periods presented. We determine gains or losses on the sale or maturities of marketable securities using the specific identification method and these gains or losses are recorded in other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations. Publicly traded equity securities are carried at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses recorded in other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations. Strategic Investments We hold strategic investments primarily in privately held companies, consisting primarily of equity securities without readily determinable fair values, and to a lesser extent, debt securities. We adjust the carrying value of these equity securities to fair value upon observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer or upon impairment. All strategic investments are reviewed periodically for impairment. Any adjustments to carrying value of these investments are recorded in other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations. Strategic investments are included within other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. When we exercise significant influence over, but do not control the investee, such strategic investments are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method of accounting, we record our share of the results of the investments within other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations. Fair Value Measurements Certain financial instruments are required to be recorded at fair value. Other financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value. Additionally, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount less any allowance for doubtful accounts to reserve for potentially uncollectible receivables. To determine the amount of the allowance, we make judgments about the creditworthiness of customers based on ongoing credit evaluation and historical experience. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the allowance for doubtful accounts was immaterial. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. We compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally three years for computer hardware, software, and equipment, five years for furniture, and over the shorter of lease term or useful life of the assets for leasehold improvements. Buildings are generally depreciated over a useful life ranging from 20 to 45 years. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Leases We have non-cancelable lease agreements for primarily offices that are recorded as operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. We account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component and do not record leases with an initial term of twelve months or less in our consolidated balance sheets. We use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments over the lease term . Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain we will exercise that option. Certain agreements have free rent periods or escalating rent payment provisions. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Software Development Costs Software development costs include costs to develop software to be used to meet internal needs and applications used to deliver our services. We capitalize development costs related to these software applications once the preliminary project stage is complete and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. Costs capitalized for developing such software applications were not material for the periods presented. Segments Our CEO is our chief operating decision maker ( “ CODM ” ). We have determined that we have a single operating segment. Our CEO evaluates performance and makes operating decisions about allocating resources based on financial data presented on a consolidated basis accompanied by disaggregated information about revenue by geographic region. Business Combinations We include the results of operations of the businesses that we acquire from the date of acquisition. We determine the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the respective date of acquisition. The excess purchase price over the fair values of identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management to use significant judgment and estimates including the selection of valuation methodologies, estimates of future revenue and cash flows, discount rates, and selection of comparable companies. Our estimates of fair value are based on assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with a corresponding offset to goodwill. At the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are reflected in our consolidated statements of operations. When we issue payments or grants of equity to selling stockholders in connection with an acquisition, we evaluate whether the payments or awards are compensatory. This evaluation includes whether cash payments or stock award vesting is contingent on the continued employment of the selling stockholder beyond the acquisition date. If continued employment is required for the cash to be paid or stock awards to vest, the award is treated as compensation for post-acquisition services and is recognized as compensation expense. Transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred, and are included in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination. We test goodwill for impairment at least annually, in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. For all periods presented, we had a single operating segment and reporting unit structure. There were no impairment charges in any of the periods presented. Intangible Assets Intangible assets are carried at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. We determine the appropriate useful life of our intangible assets by measuring the expected cash flows of acquired assets. The estimated useful lives of intangible assets are generally as follows: Intangible Asset Estimated Useful Domain names 5 Years Trademarks 3 Years Acquired developed technology 3 to 7 Years Customer relationships 2 to 8 Years Patents 4 to 14 Years Impairment of Long-Lived Assets We evaluate recoverability of our property and equipment and intangible assets, excluding goodwill, when events or changes indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Events and changes in circumstances considered in determining whether the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be recoverable include: significant changes in performance relative to expected operating results; significant changes in asset use; and significant negative industry or economic trends and changes in our business strategy. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparison of their carrying amount to future undiscounted cash flows to be generated. If impairment is indicated based on a comparison of the assets’ carrying values and the undiscounted cash flows, the impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Legal Contingencies For legal contingencies, we accrue a liability for an estimated loss if the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal fees and expenses are expensed as incurred. Note 8 provides additional information regarding our legal contingencies. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires public entities to provide greater disaggregation within their annual rate reconciliation, including new requirements to present reconciling items on a gross basis in specified categories, disclose both percentages and dollar amounts, and disaggregate individual reconciling items by jurisdiction and nature when the effect of the items meet a quantitative threshold. The guidance also requires disaggregating the annual disclosure of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, by federal (national), state, and foreign taxes, with separate presentation of individual jurisdictions that meet a quantitative threshold. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis, with a retrospective option, and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires public entities with a single reportable segment to provide all the disclosures required by this standard and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280 on an interim and annual basis, including new requirements to disclose significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the CODM and included within the reported measure(s) of a segment's profit or loss, the amount and composition of any other segment items, the title and position of the CODM, and how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of a segment's profit or loss to assess performance and decide how to allocate resources. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024, applied retrospectively with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

Revenue

Revenue	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue	Revenue We determine revenue recognition by first identifying the contract or contracts with a customer, identifying the performance obligations in the contract, determining the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognizing revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. We determine collectability by performing ongoing credit evaluations and monitoring customer accounts receivable balances. Sales tax, including value added tax, is excluded from reported revenue. We generate substantially all of our revenues by offering various advertising products on Snapchat, which include Snap Ads and AR Ads, referred to as advertising revenue. AR Ads include Sponsored Lenses, which allow users to interact with an advertiser’s brand by enabling branded augmented reality experiences. The substantial majority of advertising revenue is generated from the display of advertisements on Snapchat through contractual agreements that are either based on the number of advertising impressions delivered or on a fixed fee basis over a period of time. Revenue related to agreements based on the number of impressions delivered is recognized when the advertisement is served. Revenue related to fixed fee arrangements is recognized ratably over the service period, typically less than 30 days in duration, and such arrangements do not contain minimum impression guarantees. In arrangements where another party is involved in providing specified services to a customer, we evaluate whether we are the principal or agent. In this evaluation, we consider if we obtain control of the specified goods or services before they are transferred to the customer, as well as other indicators such as the party primarily responsible for fulfillment, inventory risk, and discretion in establishing price. For advertising revenue arrangements where we are not the principal, we recognize revenue on a net basis. For the periods presented, revenue for arrangements where we are the agent was not material. We also generate revenue from subscriptions and sales of hardware products. For the periods presented, all such revenue was not material. The following table represents our revenue disaggregated by geography based on the billing address of the customer: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) North America (1) (2) $ 2,952,301 $ 3,205,554 $ 2,871,369 Europe (3) 772,078 712,764 660,473 Rest of world 881,736 683,529 585,206 Total revenue $ 4,606,115 $ 4,601,847 $ 4,117,048 (1) North America includes Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America. (2) United States revenue was $2.9 billion, $3.1 billion, and $2.8 billion for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. (3) Europe includes Russia and Turkey. Effective March 2022, we halted advertising sales to Russian and Belarusian entities.

Net Loss per Share

Net Loss per Share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net Loss per Share	Net Loss per Share We compute net loss per share using the two-class method required for multiple classes of common stock. We have three classes of authorized common stock for which voting rights differ by class. Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to each class of stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of stock outstanding during the period, adjusted for RSAs for which the risk of forfeiture has not yet lapsed. For the calculation of diluted net loss per share, net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for basic net loss per share is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities, including awards under our equity compensation plans. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the resulting net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of fully diluted common shares outstanding. We use the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the convertible senior notes due in 2025, 2026, 2027, and 2028 (collectively, the “Convertible Notes”) on diluted net loss per share. The Convertible Notes would have a dilutive impact on net income per share when the average market price of Class A common stock for a given period exceeds the respective conversion price of the Convertible Notes. For the periods presented, our potentially dilutive shares relating to stock options, RSUs, RSAs, and Convertible Notes were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect of including these shares in the calculation would have been anti-dilutive. The numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted net loss per share computations for our common stock are calculated as follows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands, except per share data) Class A Class B Class C Class A Class B Class C Class A Class B Class C Numerator: Net loss $ (1,114,039) $ (18,479) $ (189,967) $ (1,203,614) $ (20,141) $ (205,898) $ (408,118) $ (7,339) $ (72,498) Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (1,114,039) $ (18,479) $ (189,967) $ (1,203,614) $ (20,141) $ (205,898) $ (408,118) $ (7,339) $ (72,498) Denominator: Basic shares: Weighted-average common shares - Basic 1,358,345 22,532 231,627 1,354,019 22,658 231,627 1,303,921 23,449 231,627 Diluted shares: Weighted-average common shares - Diluted 1,358,345 22,532 231,627 1,354,019 22,658 231,627 1,303,921 23,449 231,627 Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders: Basic $ (0.82) $ (0.82) $ (0.82) $ (0.89) $ (0.89) $ (0.89) $ (0.31) $ (0.31) $ (0.31) Diluted $ (0.82) $ (0.82) $ (0.82) $ (0.89) $ (0.89) $ (0.89) $ (0.31) $ (0.31) $ (0.31) The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Stock options 1,697 3,159 4,304 Unvested RSUs and RSAs 157,130 132,392 86,180 Convertible Notes (if-converted) 89,379 89,379 62,755

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	Stockholders’ Equity Common Stock As of December 31, 2023, we are authorized to issue 3,000,000,000 shares of Class A non-voting common stock, 700,000,000 shares of Class B voting common stock, and 260,887,848 shares of Class C voting common stock, each with a par value of $0.00001 per share. Class A common stockholders have no voting rights, Class B common stockholders are entitled to one vote per share, and Class C common stockholders are entitled to ten votes per share. Shares of our Class B common stock are convertible into an equivalent number of shares of our Class A common stock and generally convert into shares of our Class A common stock upon transfer. Shares of our Class C common stock are convertible into an equivalent number of shares of our Class B common stock and generally convert into shares of our Class B common stock upon transfer. Any dividends paid to the holders of the Class A common stock, Class B common stock, and Class C common stock will be paid on a pro rata basis. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we did not declare any dividends. On a liquidation event, as defined in our certificate of incorporation, any distribution to common stockholders is made on a pro rata basis to the holders of the Class A common stock, Class B common stock, and Class C common stock. As of December 31, 2023, there were 1,440,540,591 shares issued and 1,391,341,262 shares outstanding of Class A common stock, and 22,528,406 shares and 231,626,943 shares issued and outstanding of Class B common stock and Class C common stock, respectively. Stock-based Compensation Plans We maintain three share-based employee compensation plans: the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (“2017 Plan”), the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (“2014 Plan”), and the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (“2012 Plan,” and collectively with the 2017 Plan and the 2014 Plan, the “Stock Plans”). In January 2017, our board of directors adopted the 2017 Plan, and in February 2017 our stockholders approved the 2017 Plan, effective on March 1, 2017, which serves as the successor to the 2014 Plan and 2012 Plan and provides for the grant of incentive stock options to employees, including employees of any parent or subsidiary, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, RSAs, RSUs, performance stock awards, performance cash awards, and other forms of stock awards to employees, directors, and consultants, including employees and consultants of our affiliates. We do not expect to grant any additional awards under the 2014 Plan or 2012 Plan as of the effective date of the 2017 Plan, other than awards for up to 2,500,000 shares of Class A common stock to our employees and consultants in France under the 2014 Plan. Outstanding awards under the 2014 Plan and 2012 Plan continue to be subject to the terms and conditions of the 2014 Plan and 2012 Plan, respectively. Shares available for grant under the 2014 Plan and 2012 Plan, which were reserved but not issued or subject to outstanding awards under the 2014 Plan or 2012 Plan, respectively, as of the effective date of the 2017 Plan, were added to the reserves of the 2017 Plan. We initially reserved 87,270,108 shares of our Class A common stock for future issuance under the 2017 Plan. An additional number of shares of Class A common stock will be added to the 2017 Plan equal to (i) 96,993,064 shares of Class A common stock reserved for future issuance pursuant to outstanding stock options and unvested RSUs under the 2014 Plan, (ii) 37,228,865 shares of Class A common stock issuable on conversion of Class B common stock underlying stock options and unvested RSUs outstanding under the 2012 Plan, (iii) 17,858,235 shares of Class A common stock that were reserved for issuance under the 2014 Plan as of the date the 2017 Plan became effective, (iv) 11,004,580 shares of Class A common stock issuable on conversion of Class B common stock that were reserved for issuance under the 2012 Plan as of the date the 2017 Plan became effective, and (v) a maximum of 86,737,997 shares of Class A common stock that will be added pursuant to the following sentence. With respect to each share that returns to the 2017 Plan pursuant to (i) and (ii) of the prior sentence that was associated with an award that was outstanding under the 2014 Plan and 2012 Plan as of October 31, 2016, an additional share of Class A common stock will be added to the share reserve of the 2017 Plan, up to a maximum of 86,737,997 shares . The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2017 Plan will increase automatically on January 1st of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2018 through January 1, 2027, by the lesser of (i) 5.0% of the total number of shares of our capital stock outstanding on December 31st of the immediately preceding calendar year, and (ii) a number determined by our board of directors. The maximum term for stock options granted under the 2017 Plan may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. The 2017 Plan will terminate ten years from the date our board of directors approved the plan, unless it is terminated earlier by our board of directors. 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan In January 2017, our board of directors adopted the 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2017 ESPP”). Our stockholders approved the 2017 ESPP in February 2017. The 2017 ESPP became effective in connection with the IPO. A total of 16,484,690 shares of Class A common stock were initially reserved for issuance under the 2017 ESPP. No shares of our Class A common stock have been issued or offered under the 2017 ESPP. The number of shares of our Class A common stock reserved for issuance will automatically increase on January 1st of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2018 through January 1, 2027, by the lesser of (i) 1.0% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding on the last day of the calendar month before the date of the automatic increase, and (ii) 15,000,000 shares; provided that before the date of any such increase, our board of directors may determine that such increase will be less than the amount set forth in clauses (i) and (ii). Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards The following table summarizes the RSU and RSA activity during the year ended December 31, 2023: Class A Weighted- (in thousands, except per share data) Unvested at December 31, 2022 132,392 $ 18.28 Granted 148,701 $ 10.41 Vested (91,641) $ 15.71 Forfeited (32,322) $ 15.90 Unvested at December 31, 2023 157,130 $ 12.82 The total fair value of RSUs and RSAs vested for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $1.0 billion, $1.2 billion, and $3.6 billion, respectively. Total unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding RSUs and RSAs was $1.7 billion as of December 31, 2023 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years. Stock Options The following table summarizes the stock option award activity under the Stock Plans during the year ended December 31, 2023: Class A Class B Weighted- Weighted- Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1) (in thousands, except per share data) Outstanding at December 31, 2022 2,589 570 $ 9.68 4.05 $ 9,669 Granted — — $ — Exercised (599) (565) $ 0.89 Forfeited (298) — $ 14.27 Outstanding at December 31, 2023 1,692 5 $ 14.90 4.41 $ 5,225 Exercisable at December 31, 2023 1,692 5 $ 14.90 4.41 $ 5,225 Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2023 1,692 5 $ 14.90 4.41 $ 5,225 (1) The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock option awards and the closing market price of our Class A common stock as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The weighted-average fair value of stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $8.41 and $36.17 per share. The expense is estimated based on the option’s fair value as calculated by the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Stock-based compensation expense for stock options was not material for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. As of December 31, 2023, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options granted under the Stock Plans. The total grant date fair value of stock options that vested for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $1.1 million, $3.2 million, and $7.7 million, respectively. The intrinsic value of stock options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $12.3 million, $5.9 million, and $69.4 million, respectively. Stock-Based Compensation Expense Total stock-based compensation expense by function was as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Cost of revenue $ 9,555 $ 12,288 $ 17,221 Research and development 893,026 970,746 740,130 Sales and marketing 255,688 203,092 164,241 General and administrative 165,735 201,661 170,543 Total $ 1,324,004 $ 1,387,787 $ 1,092,135 Stock Repurchases In October 2023, our board of directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $500.0 million of our Class A common stock. During the fourth quarter of 2023, we repurchased 18.4 million shares of our Class A common stock for an aggregate of $189.4 million, including costs associated with the repurchases. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining availability under the stock repurchase authorization was $310.8 million. In October 2022, our board of directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $500.0 million of our Class A common stock. The program was completed in the fourth quarter of 2022, during which we repurchased, and subsequently retired, 53.9 million shares of our Class A common stock for an aggregate of $500.5 million, representing the entire amount approved by our board of directors and including costs associated with the repurchases. In July 2022, our board of directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $500.0 million of our Class A common stock. The program was completed in the third quarter of 2022, during which we repurchased 51.3 million shares of our Class A common stock for an aggregate of $500.5 million, representing the entire amount approved by our board of directors and including costs associated with the repurchases. These shares are recorded as treasury stock on our consolidated balance sheets and remain available for re-issuance.

Business Acquisitions

Business Acquisitions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Business Acquisitions	Business Acquisitions 2023 Acquisitions In 2023, aggregate purchase consideration for business acquisitions was $73.1 million, which primarily consisted of $56.3 million in cash and $12.6 million recorded in other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet. Of the aggregate purchase consideration, $42.8 million was allocated to goodwill and the remainder primarily to identifiable intangible assets. The acquired assets are expected to enhance our existing platform, technology, and workforce. The goodwill amount represents synergies related to our existing platform expected to be realized from the business acquisitions and assembled workforce. The associated goodwill and intangible assets are not deductible for tax purposes. 2022 Acquisitions In 2022, we completed acquisitions to enhance our existing platform, technology, and workforce. The aggregate purchase consideration was $120.5 million, which included $17.7 million in cash, $44.0 million in shares of our Class A common stock, and $58.8 million recorded in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. Of the aggregate purchase consideration, $69.3 million was allocated to goodwill and the remainder primarily to identifiable intangible assets. The goodwill amount represents synergies related to our existing platform expected to be realized from the business acquisitions and assembled workforce. Of the acquired goodwill and intangible assets, $101.7 million is deductible for tax purposes. 2021 Acquisitions Wave Optics In May 2021, we acquired Wave Optics Limited (“Wave Optics”), a display technology company that supplies light engines and diffractive waveguides for augmented reality displays. The total consideration was $541.8 million, of which $510.4 million represented purchase consideration and primarily consisted of 4.7 million shares of our Class A common stock with a fair value of $252.0 million, cash of $13.7 million, and a $238.4 million payable due no later than May 2023 in either cash, shares of our Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our Class A common stock, at our election. The remaining $31.4 million of total consideration transferred represented compensation for future employment services. The allocation of the total purchase consideration for this acquisition was as follows: Total (in thousands) Trademarks $ 20,584 Technology 77,118 Customer relationships 32,708 Goodwill 370,236 Net deferred tax liability (3,313) Other assets acquired and liabilities assumed, net 13,111 Total $ 510,444 The goodwill amount represents synergies expected to be realized from the business combination and assembled workforce. The associated goodwill and intangible assets are not deductible for tax purposes. Fit Analytics In March 2021, we acquired Fit Analytics GmbH (“Fit Analytics”), a sizing technology company that powers solutions for retailers and brands, to grow our e-commerce and shopping offerings. The purchase consideration for Fit Analytics was $124.4 million, which primarily represented current and future cash consideration payments. The allocation of the total purchase consideration for this acquisition was as follows: Total (in thousands) Trademarks $ 800 Technology 17,000 Customer relationships 17,000 Goodwill 88,132 Net deferred tax liability (5,643) Other assets acquired and liabilities assumed, net 7,160 Total $ 124,449 The goodwill amount represents synergies expected to be realized from this business combination and assembled workforce. The associated goodwill and intangible assets are not deductible for tax purposes. Other 2021 Acquisitions For the year ended December 31, 2021, we completed other acquisitions to enhance our existing platform, technology, and workforce. The aggregate purchase consideration was $266.1 million, which included $139.5 million in cash, $93.7 million in shares of our Class A common stock, and $32.9 million recorded in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. The aggregate allocation of purchase consideration was as follows: Total (in thousands) Technology $ 64,150 Customer relationships 4,000 Goodwill 203,482 Net deferred tax liability (11,871) Other assets acquired and liabilities assumed, net 6,325 Total $ 266,086 The goodwill amount represents synergies related to our existing platform expected to be realized from the business acquisitions and assembled workforces. Of the acquired goodwill and intangible assets, $8.2 million is deductible for tax purposes. Additional Information on 2023, 2022, and 2021 Acquisitions The operating results of the above acquisitions were included in the results of our operations from the acquisition date and were not material to our consolidated revenue or consolidated operating loss. In addition, unaudited pro forma results of operations assuming the above acquisitions had taken place at the beginning of each period are not provided because the historical operating results of the acquired entities were not material and pro forma results would not be materially different from reported results for the periods presented.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill and Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Intangible Assets The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows: Goodwill (in thousands) Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 1,588,452 Goodwill acquired 69,291 Foreign currency translation (11,623) Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 1,646,120 Goodwill acquired 42,780 Foreign currency translation 2,927 Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 1,691,827 Intangible assets consisted of the following: December 31, 2023 Weighted- Gross Accumulated Net (in thousands, except years) Domain names 3.0 $ 745 $ (546) $ 199 Technology 2.8 323,313 (197,608) 125,705 Patents 8.8 39,373 (19,099) 20,274 Other — 6,000 (5,875) 125 $ 369,431 $ (223,128) $ 146,303 December 31, 2022 Weighted- Gross Accumulated Net (in thousands, except years) Domain names 4.0 $ 954 $ (690) $ 264 Trademarks 1.2 800 (478) 322 Technology 3.1 340,375 (178,427) 161,948 Customer relationships 5.7 21,000 (6,641) 14,359 Patents 9.1 39,373 (14,912) 24,461 Other 1.0 6,000 (2,874) 3,126 $ 408,502 $ (204,022) $ 204,480 Amortization of intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $81.1 million, $132.3 million, and $63.2 million, respectively. In 2023, we recognized $19.9 million in charges related to the revision of the useful lives and disposal of certain acquired intangible assets. In 2022, we revised the useful lives of certain customer relationships, trademarks, domain names, and technology, which resulted in a $49.3 million increase to amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, the estimated intangible asset amortization expense for the next five years and thereafter is as follows: Estimated (in thousands) Year ending December 31, 2024 $ 58,532 2025 42,513 2026 20,776 2027 12,104 2028 4,323 Thereafter 8,055 Total $ 146,303

Long-Term Debt

Long-Term Debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Long-Term Debt	Long-Term Debt Convertible Notes 2028 Notes In February 2022, we entered into a purchase agreement for the sale of an aggregate of $1.50 billion principal amount of convertible senior notes due in 2028 (the “2028 Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2028 Notes were $1.31 billion, net of debt issuance costs and cash used to purchase the capped call transactions (“2028 Capped Call Transactions”) discussed below. The debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method. The 2028 Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations. Interest is payable in cash semi-annually in arrears beginning on September 1, 2022 at a rate of 0.125% per year. The 2028 Notes mature on March 1, 2028 unless repurchased, redeemed, or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The 2028 Notes are convertible into cash, shares of our Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our Class A common stock, at our election, at an initial conversion rate of 17.7494 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2028 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $56.34 per share of our Class A common stock. We may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2028 Notes, at our option, on or after March 5, 2025 based on certain circumstances. 2027 Notes In April 2021, we entered into a purchase agreement for the sale of an aggregate of $1.15 billion principal amount of convertible senior notes due in 2027 (the “2027 Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2027 Notes were $1.05 billion, net of debt issuance costs and cash used to purchase the capped call transactions (the “2027 Capped Call Transactions”) discussed below. The debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method. The 2027 Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations which do not bear regular interest and for which the principal balance will not accrete. The 2027 Notes will mature on May 1, 2027 unless repurchased, redeemed, or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The 2027 Notes are convertible into cash, shares of our Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our Class A common stock, at our election, at an initial conversion rate of 11.2042 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2027 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $89.25 per share of our Class A common stock. We may redeem for cash all or portions of the 2027 Notes, at our option, on or after May 5, 2024 based on certain circumstances. 2025 Notes In April 2020, we entered into a purchase agreement for the sale of an aggregate of $1.0 billion principal amount of convertible senior notes due in 2025 (the “2025 Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2025 Notes were $888.6 million, net of debt issuance costs and cash used to purchase the capped call transactions (the “2025 Capped Call Transactions”) discussed below. The debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method. The 2025 Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations. Interest is payable in cash semi-annually in arrears beginning on November 1, 2020 at a rate of 0.25% per year. The 2025 Notes mature on May 1, 2025 unless repurchased, redeemed, or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The 2025 Notes are convertible into cash, shares of our Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our Class A common stock, at our election, at an initial conversion rate of 46.1233 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2025 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $21.68 per share of our Class A common stock. We may redeem for cash all or portions of the 2025 Notes, at our option, on or after May 6, 2023 based on certain circumstances. 2026 Notes In August 2019, we entered into a purchase agreement for the sale of an aggregate of $1.265 billion principal amount of convertible senior notes due in 2026 (the “2026 Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2026 Notes were $1.15 billion, net of debt issuance costs and cash used to purchase the capped call transactions (the “2026 Capped Call Transactions”) discussed below. The debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method. The 2026 Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations. Interest is payable in cash semi-annually in arrears beginning on February 1, 2020 at a rate of 0.75% per year. The 2026 Notes mature on August 1, 2026 unless repurchased, redeemed, or converted in accordance with the terms prior to such date. The 2026 Notes are convertible into cash, shares of our Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our Class A common stock, at our election, at an initial conversion rate of 43.8481 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2026 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $22.81 per share of our Class A common stock. We may redeem for cash all or portions of the 2026 Notes, at our option, on or after August 6, 2023 based on certain circumstances. Exchange Transactions In 2021, we entered into various exchange agreements (collectively, the “Exchange Agreements”) with certain holders of the 2025 Notes and the 2026 Notes pursuant to which we exchanged approximately $715.9 million principal amount of the 2025 Notes and approximately $426.5 million principal amount of the 2026 Notes for aggregate consideration of approximately 52.4 million shares of Class A common stock (the “Exchange Shares”). The Exchange Shares included an additional 0.7 million shares of our Class A common stock not provided for under the original conversion terms of the 2025 Notes and the 2026 Notes to induce the holders to agree to the exchange. The Exchange Agreements were accounted for as an induced conversion with the fair value of 0.7 million Exchange Shares, less accrued interest, recognized as an inducement expense in other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations and included as an adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Inducement expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $41.5 million. The common stock consideration issued under the original terms of the 2025 Notes and 2026 Notes was accounted for under the general conversion accounting guidance with the net carrying amount of $1,132.6 million recorded in additional paid-in-capital and as a non-cash transaction excluded from cash activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows. The Convertible Notes consisted of the following: As of December 31, 2023 2022 Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Net Carrying Amount Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Net Carrying Amount (in thousands) 2025 Notes $ 284,105 $ (871) $ 283,234 $ 284,105 $ (1,521) $ 282,584 2026 Notes 838,482 (3,402) 835,080 838,482 (4,698) 833,784 2027 Notes 1,150,000 (7,114) 1,142,886 1,150,000 (9,239) 1,140,761 2028 Notes 1,500,000 (11,800) 1,488,200 1,500,000 (14,609) 1,485,391 Total $ 3,772,587 $ (23,187) $ 3,749,400 $ 3,772,587 $ (30,067) $ 3,742,520 As of December 31, 2023, the debt issuance costs on the 2025 Notes, 2026 Notes, 2027 Notes, and 2028 Notes will be amortized over the remaining period of approximately 1.3 years, 2.6 years, 3.3 years and 4.2 years, respectively. Interest expense related to the amortization of debt issuance costs was $6.9 million, $6.5 million, and $4.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Contractual interest expense was $8.9 million, $8.7 million, and $8.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the if-converted value of the Convertible Notes did not exceed the principal amount. The sale price for conversion was not satisfied as of December 31, 2023 for the Convertible Notes, and as a result, the Convertible Notes will not be eligible for optional conversion during the first quarter of 2024. No sinking fund is provided for the Convertible Notes, which means that we are not required to redeem or retire them periodically. Capped Call Transactions In connection with the pricing of the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes, and the 2028 Notes, we entered into the 2025 Capped Call Transactions, the 2026 Capped Call Transactions, the 2027 Capped Call Transactions, and the 2028 Capped Call Transactions (collectively, the “Capped Call Transactions”), respectively, with certain counterparties at a net cost of $100.0 million, $102.1 million, $86.8 million, and $177.0 million, respectively. The cap price of the 2025 Capped Call Transactions, the 2026 Capped Call Transactions, the 2027 Capped Call Transactions, and the 2028 Capped Call Transactions is initially $32.12, $32.58, $121.02, and $93.90 per share of our Class A common stock, respectively. All are subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call Transactions. Conditions that cause adjustments to the initial strike price of the Capped Call Transactions mirror conditions that result in corresponding adjustments for the Convertible Notes. The Capped Call Transactions are intended to reduce potential dilution to holders of our Class A common stock beyond the conversion prices up to the cap prices on any conversion of the Convertible Notes or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount, as the case may be, with such reduction or offset subject to a cap. The cost of the Capped Call Transactions was recorded as a reduction of our additional paid-in capital in our consolidated balance sheets. The Capped Call Transactions will not be remeasured as long as they continue to meet the conditions for equity classification. As of December 31, 2023, the Capped Call Transactions were out-of-the-money. Credit Facility In May 2022, we entered into a five-year senior unsecured revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) with certain lenders that allows us to borrow up to $1.05 billion to fund working capital and general corporate-purpose expenditures. Loans bear interest, at our option, at a rate equal to (i) a term secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) plus 0.75% or the base rate, if selected by us, for loans made in U.S. dollars, (ii) the Sterling overnight index average plus 0.7826% for loans made in Sterling, or (iii) foreign indices as stated in the credit agreement plus 0.75% for loans made in other permitted foreign currencies. The base rate is defined as the greatest of (i) the Wall Street Journal prime rate, (ii) the greater of the (a) federal funds rate and (b) the overnight bank funding rate, plus 0.50%, and (iii) the applicable SOFR for a period of one month (but not less than zero) plus 1.00. The Credit Facility also contains an annual commitment fee of 0.10% on the daily undrawn balance of the facility. As of December 31, 2023, we had $49.6 million in the form of outstanding standby letters of credit, with no amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Commitments We have non-cancelable contractual agreements primarily related to the hosting of our data processing, storage, and other computing services, as well as lease, content and developer partner, and other commitments. We had $3.0 billion in commitments as of December 31, 2023, primarily due within three years. For additional discussion on leases, see Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements. Contingencies We record a loss contingency when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We also disclose material contingencies when we believe a loss is not probable but reasonably possible. Accounting for contingencies requires us to use judgment related to both the likelihood of a loss and the estimate of the amount or range of loss. Many legal and tax contingencies can take years to be resolved. Pending Matters In November 2021, we and certain of our officers and directors, were named as defendants in a securities class-action lawsuit purportedly brought on behalf of purchasers of our Class A common stock, alleging that we and certain of our officers made false or misleading statements and omissions concerning the impact that Apple’s App Tracking Transparency framework would have on our business. We believe we have meritorious defenses to this lawsuit and continue to defend the lawsuit vigorously. Based on the preliminary nature of the proceedings in this case, the outcome of this matter remains uncertain. The outcomes of our legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable, subject to significant uncertainties, and could be material to our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for a particular period. For the pending matter described above, it is not possible to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss. We are subject to various other legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, including certain patent, trademark, privacy, regulatory, and employment matters. Although occasional adverse decisions or settlements may occur, we do not believe that the final disposition of any of our other pending matters will seriously harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Indemnifications In the ordinary course of business, we may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to customers, vendors, lessors, investors, directors, officers, employees, and other parties with respect to certain matters. Indemnification may include losses from our breach of such agreements, services we provide, or third-party intellectual property infringement claims. These indemnifications may survive termination of the underlying agreement and the maximum potential amount of future indemnification payments may not be subject to a cap. We have not incurred material costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnifications as of December 31, 2023. We believe the fair value of these liabilities is immaterial and accordingly have no liabilities recorded for these agreements at December 31, 2023.

Leases

Leases	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Leases	Leases We have non-cancelable lease agreements for certain of our offices with original lease terms expiring between 2023 and 2042. Total operating lease costs were $101.0 million, $109.5 million, and $69.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 , and 2021 , respectively. The weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) and discount rate related to the operating leases were as follows: As of December 31, 2023 2022 Weighted-average remaining lease term 10.0 6.8 Weighted-average discount rate 6.1 % 5.0 % The maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023, were as follows: Operating Leases (in thousands) Year ending December 31, 2024 $ 86,440 2025 72,225 2026 84,100 2027 75,521 2028 72,890 Thereafter 432,152 Total lease payments $ 823,328 Less: Imputed interest (227,728) Present value of lease liabilities $ 595,600 As of December 31, 2023, we had additional operating leases that have not yet commenced for facilities with lease obligations of $70.7 million. These operating leases will commence starting in 2024 with lease terms of approximately 7 years to 11 years. Cash payments included in the measurement of our o perating lease liabilities were $97.7 million, $94.9 million, and $73.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Lease liabilities arising from obtaining operating lease right-of-use assets were $220.2 million, $147.4 million, and $99.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively .

Strategic Investments

Strategic Investments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]
Strategic Investments	Strategic Investments We hold strategic investments primarily in privately held companies, which consist of equity securities, and to a lesser extent, debt securities. These strategic investments are primarily recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The estimation of fair value for these privately held strategic investments requires the use of significant unobservable inputs, such as the issuance of new equity by the company, and as a result, we deem these assets as Level 3 financial instruments within the fair value measurement framework. The following table summarizes our strategic investments as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: As of December 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) Initial cost $ 106,368 $ 125,564 Cumulative upward adjustments 147,317 157,186 Cumulative downward adjustments, including impairments (58,357) (30,411) Carrying value $ 195,328 $ 252,339 Gains and losses recognized during the periods presented were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Gains (losses) recognized on strategic investments sold during the period, net $ — $ 45,935 $ 27,820 Unrealized gains on strategic investments still held at the reporting date 1,368 19,946 145,010 Unrealized losses, including impairments, on strategic investments still held at the reporting date (28,423) (1,421) (2,854) Gains (losses) on strategic investments, net $ (27,055) $ 64,460 $ 169,976 Gains and losses on all strategic investments are included within other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of operations and included as an adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Strategic investments are included within other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified into the following categories: • Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data. • Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflecting the reporting entity’s own assumptions or external inputs from inactive markets. We classify our cash equivalents and marketable securities within Level 1 or Level 2 because we use quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs to determine their fair value. The following tables set forth our financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding publicly traded equity securities, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: December 31, 2023 Cost or Gross Gross Total Estimated (in thousands) Cash $ 1,780,402 $ — $ — $ 1,780,402 Level 1 securities: U.S. government securities 1,295,918 894 (3,919) 1,292,893 U.S. government agency securities 138,420 31 (188) 138,263 Level 2 securities: Corporate debt securities 234,336 577 (99) 234,814 Commercial paper 65,380 — — 65,380 Certificates of deposit 18,725 — — 18,725 Total $ 3,533,181 $ 1,502 $ (4,206) $ 3,530,477 December 31, 2022 Cost or Gross Gross Total Estimated (in thousands) Cash $ 1,325,946 $ — $ — $ 1,325,946 Level 1 securities: U.S. government securities 1,630,224 109 (9,484) 1,620,849 U.S. government agency securities 175,269 19 (188) 175,100 Level 2 securities: Corporate debt securities 309,942 32 (1,462) 308,512 Commercial paper 290,589 — — 290,589 Certificates of deposit 157,965 — (1) 157,964 Total $ 3,889,935 $ 160 $ (11,135) $ 3,878,960 Gross unrealized losses on marketable debt securities were not material for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we considered any decreases in fair value on our marketable debt securities to be driven by factors other than credit risk, including market risk. As of December 31, 2023, $760.2 million of our total $1.8 billion in marketable debt securities have contractual maturities between one We hold investments in publicly traded companies with an aggregate carrying value of $13.6 million and $91.5 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily recorded as marketable securities. We classify these publicly traded equity securities within Level 1 because we use quoted market prices to determine their fair value. Gains and losses recognized during the periods presented, which are included within other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of operations, were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Gains (losses) recognized on publicly traded equity securities sold during the period, net $ 11,046 $ (22,095) $ — Unrealized gains (losses) on publicly traded equity securities still held at the reporting date, net (17,731) (79,214) 122,064 Gains (losses) on publicly traded equity securities, net $ (6,685) $ (101,309) $ 122,064 We carry the Convertible Notes at face value less the unamortized debt issuance costs on our consolidated balance sheets and present the fair value for disclosure purposes only. As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes, and the 2028 Notes was $300.9 million, $893.2 million, $921.5 million, and $1,181.7 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes, and the 2028 Notes was $257.0 million, $711.9 million, $796.2 million, and $1.0 billion, respectively. The estimated fair value of the Convertible Notes, which are classified as Level 2 financial instruments, was determined based on the estimated or actual bid prices of the Convertible Notes in an over-the-counter market on the last business day of the period.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The domestic and foreign components of pre-tax loss were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Domestic (1) $ (285,330) $ (538,311) $ 364,989 Foreign (1) (1,009,093) (862,386) (839,360) Loss before income taxes $ (1,294,423) $ (1,400,697) $ (474,371) (1) Includes the impact of intercompany charges to foreign affiliates for financing, management fees, and research and development cost sharing, inclusive of stock-based compensation. The components of our income tax (benefit) expense were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Current: Federal $ — $ — $ — State 8,585 10,704 919 Foreign 26,727 22,404 22,078 Total current income tax expense (benefit) 35,312 33,108 22,997 Deferred: Federal 1,267 1,212 (6,295) State 1,061 837 (445) Foreign (9,578) (6,201) (2,673) Total deferred income tax expense (benefit) (7,250) (4,152) (9,413) Income tax expense (benefit) $ 28,062 $ 28,956 $ 13,584 The following is a reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Tax benefit (expense) computed at the federal statutory rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % State tax benefit (expense), net of federal benefit (1) 2.2 2.9 31.5 Change in valuation allowance (31.5) (32.0) (246.3) Differences between U.S. and foreign tax rates on foreign income 3.3 2.5 3.9 Stock-based compensation (7.0) (0.1) 119.3 U.S. federal research & development credit benefit 8.6 5.0 36.7 U.K. corporate rate increase — — 39.8 Acquisitions and divestitures 1.8 (0.7) (8.0) Other benefits (expenses) (0.6) (0.7) (0.8) Total income tax benefit (expense) (2.2) % (2.1) % (2.9) % (1) Inclusive of state research and development credits. The significant components of net deferred tax balances were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) Deferred tax assets: Accruals and reserves $ 22,475 $ 37,731 Intangible assets 168,661 177,762 IRC 174 capitalized R&D 449,253 265,485 Stock-based compensation 70,563 102,364 Loss carryforwards 2,774,231 2,651,812 Tax credit carryforwards 969,368 824,220 Lease liability 126,637 98,668 Other 51,764 20,154 Total deferred tax assets 4,632,952 4,178,196 Deferred tax liabilities: Right-of-use asset (111,777) (75,212) Investments (20,183) (30,962) Other (28,416) (17,309) Total deferred tax liabilities (160,376) (123,483) Total net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance 4,472,576 4,054,713 Valuation allowance (4,471,571) (4,060,943) Net deferred taxes $ 1,005 $ (6,230) On December 20, 2021, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) published Pillar Two Model Rules defining the global minimum tax, which calls for the taxation of large corporations at a minimum rate of 15%. The OECD has since issued administrative guidance providing transition and safe harbor rules around the implementation of the Pillar Two global minimum tax. A number of countries, including the United Kingdom, are currently proposing or have enacted legislation to implement core elements of the Pillar Two proposal by the start of 2024. On February 1, 2023, the FASB indicated that they believe the minimum tax imposed under Pillar Two is an alternative minimum tax, and, accordingly, deferred tax assets and liabilities associated with the minimum tax would not be recognized or adjusted for the estimated future effects of the minimum tax but would be recognized in the period incurred. While we are still closely monitoring developments and evaluating the potential impact on future periods, we do not expect Pillar Two to have a significant impact on our financial results, particularly due to safe harbor relief during the transition period. Beginning January 1, 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act eliminated the option to currently deduct research and development expenditures in the period incurred and required taxpayers to capitalize and amortize such expenditures over five or fifteen years, as applicable, pursuant to Section 174 of the Internal Revenue Code. Although this tax law change did not result in any U.S. federal tax liability through December 31, 2023 due to the use of existing U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards, it did result in incremental state tax liability and expense due to limitations on the use of existing state net operating loss carryforwards. On June 10, 2021, the U.K. Finance Act 2021 was enacted, increasing the U.K. tax rate from 19% to 25% effective April 1, 2023. This change in tax rate resulted in a $188.9 million increase to our U.K. net deferred tax assets, which was fully offset by an increase in our valuation allowance, for the period ending December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2023, we had an immaterial amount of unremitted earnings related to certain foreign subsidiaries. We intend to continue to reinvest these foreign earnings indefinitely and do not expect to incur any significant taxes related to such amounts. As of December 31, 2023, we had accumulated U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $6.7 billion and $4.5 billion, respectively. Of the $6.7 billion of federal net operating loss carryforwards, $0.5 billion was generated before January 1, 2018 and is subject to a 20-year carryforward period. The remaining $6.2 billion can be carried forward indefinitely but is subject to an 80% taxable income limitation. The pre-2018 federal and certain significant state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2037 and 2031, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, we had $4.5 billion of U.K. net operating loss carryforwards that can be carried forward indefinitely; however, use of such carryforwards in a given year is generally limited to 50% of such year’s taxable income. As of December 31, 2023, we had accumulated U.S. federal and state research tax credits of $816.6 million and $478.9 million, respectively. The U.S. federal research tax credits will begin to expire in 2032. The U.S. state research tax credits do not expire. We recognize valuation allowances on deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We had valuation allowances against net deferred tax assets of $4.5 billion and $4.1 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In 2023, the increase in the valuation allowance was primarily attributable to a net increase in our deferred tax assets resulting from the loss from operations. Uncertain Tax Positions The following table summarizes the activity related to our gross unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Beginning balance of unrecognized tax benefits $ 510,669 $ 469,573 $ 344,971 Additions for current year tax positions 46,188 47,366 119,938 Additions for prior year tax positions 10,171 115 180 Reductions for prior year tax positions (16,736) (3,569) (996) Changes due to lapse of statute of limitations (31,786) (1,887) (2,077) Reductions for settlements with taxing authorities (4,927) — — Changes due to foreign currency translation adjustments (175) (929) (357) U.K. corporate rate increase — — 7,914 Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties) 513,404 510,669 469,573 Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits 967 385 124 Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits (including interest and penalties) $ 514,371 $ 511,054 $ 469,697 Substantially all of the unrecognized tax benefit was recorded as a reduction in our gross deferred tax assets, offset by a corresponding reduction in our valuation allowance. We have net unrecognized tax benefits of $27.3 million and $21.7 million included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which, if recognized, would result in a tax benefit. Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties associated with tax matters as part of the income tax provision and include accrued interest and penalties with the related income tax liability on our consolidated balance sheet. During the year ended December 31, 2023, interest expense recorded related to uncertain tax positions was not material. The income taxes we pay are subject to potential review by taxing jurisdictions globally. Our estimate of the potential outcome of any uncertain tax position is subject to management’s assessment of relevant risks, facts, and circumstances existing at that time. We believe that our estimate has adequately provided for these matters. However, our future results may include adjustments to estimates in the period the audits are resolved, which may impact our effective tax rate.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss [Abstract]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) The table below presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) by component and the reclassifications out of AOCI: Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component Marketable Foreign Currency Total (in thousands) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ (11,129) $ (2,845) $ (13,974) OCI before reclassifications 8,643 12,836 21,479 Amounts reclassified from AOCI (1) (374) — (374) Net current period OCI 8,269 12,836 21,105 Balance at December 31, 2023 $ (2,860) $ 9,991 $ 7,131 (1)

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and Equipment, Net	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and Equipment, Net	Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following: As of December 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) Computer hardware and software $ 67,989 $ 62,945 Buildings 21,486 21,486 Leasehold improvements 332,721 225,647 Furniture and equipment 162,476 100,025 Construction in progress 90,038 80,267 Total 674,710 490,370 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (264,384) (218,593) Property and equipment, net $ 410,326 $ 271,777 Depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment was $87.3 million, $69.9 million, and $55.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Noncash property and equipment additions in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities were $44.5 million, $28.0 million, and $14.2 million as of December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The following table lists property and equipment, net by geographic area: As of December 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) United States $ 247,106 $ 214,857 United Kingdom 122,013 36,774 Rest of world (1) 41,207 20,146 Total property and equipment, net $ 410,326 $ 271,777 (1) No individual country exceeded 10% of our total property and equipment, net for any period presented.

Balance Sheet Components

Balance Sheet Components	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Balance Sheet Components	Balance Sheet Components Accrued expenses and other current liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following: As of December 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) Accrued infrastructure costs $ 281,682 $ 169,886 Partner revenue share liabilities 99,877 83,395 Accrued compensation and related expenses 95,600 206,441 Deferred revenue (1) 93,706 50,782 Other operating costs 75,905 75,376 Acquisition liabilities 7,359 293,332 Other 151,707 108,128 Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 805,836 $ 987,340 (1) We expect a substantial majority of our deferred revenue to be realized in less than one year.

Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Benefit Plans	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee Benefit Plans	Employee Benefit Plans We have a defined contribution 401(k) plan (the “401(k) Plan”) for our U.S.-based employees. The 401(k) Plan is available for all full-time employees who meet certain eligibility requirements. Eligible employees may contribute up to 100% of their eligible compensation, but are limited to the maximum annual dollar amount allowable under the Code. We match 100% of each participant’s contribution up to a maximum of 3% of the participant’s eligible compensation paid during the period, and also match 50% of each participant’s contribution between 3% and 5% of the participant’s eligible compensation paid during the period. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, we recognized expense of $34.0 million, $33.6 million, and $25.0 million, respectively, related to matching contributions.

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party Transactions In November 2020, we entered into a ground sublease with an entity that is controlled by our CEO that allows us to build and operate a hangar to support our aviation program. This entity subleases the ground to us for $0 and in exchange may utilize a specified percentage of the hangar space. If the entity needs additional space within the hangar, it will pay rent to Snap at a fair market value rate determined at the time this arrangement was entered into. Any space utilized by this entity will be space that is not required for Snap’s aviation program. Subject to certain limited exceptions, neither party may terminate this sublease for at least six years. After this period, Snap or this entity may terminate the lease at any time on 24 months’ prior written notice. Upon termination of the sublease, this entity will purchase the hangar from Snap at its fair market value on the termination date. The value of these arrangements is not material to our consolidated financial statements for the periods presented or for the term of the agreement.

Restructuring

Restructuring	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Restructuring	Restructuring AR Enterprise Strategic Review In the third quarter of 2023, we initiated the wind down of our AR Enterprise business, which included a reduction of our global employee headcount by approximately 3%. We substantially completed the program in the fourth quarter of 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized pre-tax restructuring charges of $40.8 million, primarily recorded in sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of operations, and an income tax benefit of $5.7 million. The pre-tax restructuring charges primarily include cash severance, stock-based compensation expense, and charges related to the revision of the useful lives and disposal of certain acquired intangible assets. Strategic Reprioritization In the third quarter of 2022, we initiated a strategic reprioritization plan, which included a reduction of our global employee headcount by approximately 20%. We substantially completed the reprioritization plan in the fourth quarter of 2022. The following table summarizes the restructuring charges (benefits) in our consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022: Severance and Related Charges (1) Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Benefit) Lease Exit and Related Charges (2) Other (3) Total (in thousands) Cost of revenue $ 2,291 $ 709 $ — $ 17,585 $ 20,585 Research and development 46,994 29,188 — 2,733 78,915 Sales and marketing 30,565 (504) — 730 30,791 General and administrative 17,211 5,111 31,227 5,109 58,658 Total $ 97,061 $ 34,504 $ 31,227 $ 26,157 $ 188,949 (1) Severance and related charges include cash severance expense and other termination benefits. The majority of cash paid for restructuring in 2022 was related to severance and benefits. (2) Lease exit and related charges are non-cash and presented in other cash flows from operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. (3) Other includes impairment charges, contract termination charges, and intangible asset amortization. The liabilities related to the strategic reprioritization plan were immaterial as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events On February 5, 2024, we announced a plan to reduce our global headcount by approximately 10% of our global full-time employees. As a result, we currently estimate that we will incur pre-tax charges in the range of $55 million to $75 million, primarily consisting of severance and related costs, and other charges, of which $45 million to $55 million are expected to be future cash expenditures. The majority of these costs are expected to be incurred during the first quarter of 2024.

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net loss	$ (1,322,485)	$ (1,429,653)	$ (487,955)

Insider Trading Arrangements

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 shares	Dec. 31, 2023 shares
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement		During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, our directors and officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated the contracts, instructions, or written plans for the purchase or sale of our securities set forth in the table below: Type of Trading Arrangement Name and Position Date Action Rule 10b5-1 (1) Expiration Date Total Shares of Class A Common Stock to be Sold Michael O'Sullivan, General Counsel 11/20/2023 Adoption X 1/31/2025 216,160 (1) Contract, instruction, or written plan intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act.
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Michael O'Sullivan [Member]
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Name	Michael O'Sullivan
Title	General Counsel
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	true
Adoption Date	11/20/2023
Arrangement Duration	438 days
Aggregate Available	216,160	216,160

Summary of Significant Accoun_2

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Snap Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Our fiscal year ends on December 31. Certain reclassifications have been made in the prior periods to conform to the current year's presentation. None of these reclassifications had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Management’s estimates are based on historical information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Key estimates relate primarily to determining the fair value of assets and liabilities assumed in business combinations, evaluation of contingencies, uncertain tax positions, and the fair value of strategic investments. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates our estimates compared to historical experience and trends, which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities.
Concentrations of Business Risk	Concentrations of Business Risk We currently use both Google Cloud and Amazon Web Services for our hosting requirements. A disruption or loss of service from one or both of these partners could seriously harm our ability to operate. Although we believe there are other qualified providers that can provide these services, a transition to a new provider could create a significant disruption to our business and negatively impact our consolidated financial statements.
Concentrations of Credit Risk	Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. We maintain cash deposits, cash equivalent balances, and marketable securities with several financial institutions. Cash and cash equivalents may be withdrawn or redeemed on demand. We believe that the financial institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances. We also maintain investments in U.S. government debt and agency securities, publicly traded equity securities, corporate debt securities, certificates of deposit, and commercial paper that carry high credit ratings and accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances. We extend credit to our customers based on an evaluation of their ability to pay amounts due under contractual arrangement and generally do not obtain or require collateral.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. See Note 2 for additional information.
Cost of Revenue	Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue In addition, cost of revenue consists of payments to third-party infrastructure partners for hosting our products, which include expenses related to storage, computing, and bandwidth costs. Cost of revenue also includes third-party selling costs, personnel-related costs, facilities and other supporting overhead costs, including depreciation and amortization, and inventory costs.
Advertising	Advertising Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and were $24.9 million, $42.7 million, and $62.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
Capital Structure	Capital Structure
Future Stock Split to be Effected in the Form of a Stock Dividend	Future Stock Split to be Effected in the Form of a Stock Dividend In July 2022, our board of directors determined that it was advisable and in our best interest to approve a stock split to be effected in the form of a special dividend of one share of Class A common stock on each outstanding share of our common stock at a future date (the “Future Stock Split”). In connection with the Future Stock Split, we entered into certain agreements (the “Co-Founder Agreements”) with Evan Spiegel and Robert Murphy, our co-founders, and certain of their respective affiliates requiring them, among other things, to convert shares of Class B common stock and Class C common stock into Class A common stock under certain circumstances. The Future Stock Split will not be declared and paid until the first business day following the date on which the average of the volume weighted average price (the “VWAP”) per share of Class A common stock equals or exceeds $40 per share for 65 consecutive trading days. If this does not occur by July 21, 2032, the Future Stock Split will not be declared and paid, and the Co-Founder Agreements will terminate. In June 2023, in connection with a proposed settlement of a class-action lawsuit, and as amended in December 2023, we agreed to modify the conditions for the Future Stock Split, subject to various conditions, including judicial approval of the settlement. If approved, the Future Stock Split will not be declared and paid until the first business day following the date on which (i) the VWAP per share of Class A common stock equals or exceeds $40 per share for 90 consecutive trading days (the “90-Day VWAP”) and (ii) the ratio of the 90-Day VWAP to $8.70 equals or exceeds the ratio of the average closing price of the S&P 500 Total Return index for the same 90 trading days for which the 90-Day VWAP was calculated to 8,862.85. The original ten year time period to trigger the Future Stock Split would remain unchanged. No adjustments have been made to share or per share amounts for Class A common stock in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the effects of the Future Stock Split as these triggering conditions have not been met.
Stock-based Compensation	Stock-based Compensation We measure and recognize compensation expense for stock-based payment awards, including stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) granted to employees, directors, and advisors, based on the grant date fair value of the awards. The grant date fair value of stock options is estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of stock-based compensation for stock options is recognized on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures, over the period during which services are provided in exchange for the award. The grant date fair value of RSUs and RSAs is estimated based on the fair value of our underlying common stock. RSUs and RSAs vest on the satisfaction of a service-based condition. The service condition for RSUs and RSAs is generally satisfied in equal monthly or quarterly installments over three eriod. Stock-based compensation expense recognized for all periods presented is based on awards that are expected to vest, including an estimate of forfeitures. We estimate the forfeiture rate using historical forfeitures of equity awards and other expected changes in facts and circumstances, if any. A modification of the terms of a stock-based award is treated as an exchange of the original award for a new award with total compensation cost equal to the grant-date fair value of the original award plus the incremental value of the modification to the award. The future tax benefits on settlement of the above RSUs and RSAs is not expected to be material as currently we have established valuation allowances to reduce our net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The majority of the future tax benefits that arise on settlement of the above RSUs are in jurisdictions for which our net deferred tax assets have a full valuation allowance.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the deferred tax asset or liability is expected to be realized or settled. In evaluating our ability to recover deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, ongoing tax planning, and forecasts of future taxable income on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. Based on the level of historical losses, we have established a valuation allowance to reduce our net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. We recognize a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in our consolidated financial statements from such positions are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized. We recognize interest and penalties associated with tax matters as part of the income tax provision and include accrued interest and penalties with the related income tax liability on our consolidated balance sheets.
Currency Translation and Remeasurement	Currency Translation and Remeasurement The functional currency of the majority of our foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are remeasured into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are remeasured at the average exchange rates during the period. Equity transactions and other non-monetary assets are remeasured using historical exchange rates. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense), net on our consolidated statement of operations. For those foreign subsidiaries where the local currency is the functional currency, adjustments to translate those statements into U.S. dollars are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase.
Restricted Cash	Restricted Cash
Marketable Securities	Marketable Securities We hold investments in marketable securities consisting of U.S. government securities, U.S. government agency securities, publicly traded equity securities, corporate debt securities, certificates of deposit, and commercial paper. We classify marketable investments in debt securities as available-for-sale investments in our current assets because they represent investments available for current operations. Our available-for-sale investments in debt securities are carried at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses, included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income in stockholders’ equity. Available-for-sale debt securities with an amortized cost basis in excess of estimated fair value are assessed to determine what amount of that difference, if any, is caused by expected credit losses, with any allowance for credit losses recognized as a charge in other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of income. We did not record any credit losses on our available-for-sale debt securities in any of the periods presented. We determine gains or losses on the sale or maturities of marketable securities using the specific identification method and these gains or losses are recorded in other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations. Publicly traded equity securities are carried at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses recorded in other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations.
Strategic Investments	Strategic Investments We hold strategic investments primarily in privately held companies, consisting primarily of equity securities without readily determinable fair values, and to a lesser extent, debt securities. We adjust the carrying value of these equity securities to fair value upon observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer or upon impairment. All strategic investments are reviewed periodically for impairment. Any adjustments to carrying value of these investments are recorded in other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations. Strategic investments are included within other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. When we exercise significant influence over, but do not control the investee, such strategic investments are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method of accounting, we record our share of the results of the investments within other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations.
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements Certain financial instruments are required to be recorded at fair value. Other financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value. Additionally, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount less any allowance for doubtful accounts to reserve for potentially uncollectible receivables. To determine the amount of the allowance, we make judgments about the creditworthiness of customers based on ongoing credit evaluation and historical experience. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the allowance for doubtful accounts was immaterial.
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. We compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally three years for computer hardware, software, and equipment, five years for furniture, and over the shorter of lease term or useful life of the assets for leasehold improvements. Buildings are generally depreciated over a useful life ranging from 20 to 45 years. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.
Leases	Leases We have non-cancelable lease agreements for primarily offices that are recorded as operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. We account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component and do not record leases with an initial term of twelve months or less in our consolidated balance sheets. We use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments over the lease term . Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain we will exercise that option. Certain agreements have free rent periods or escalating rent payment provisions. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Software Development Costs	Software Development Costs Software development costs include costs to develop software to be used to meet internal needs and applications used to deliver our services. We capitalize development costs related to these software applications once the preliminary project stage is complete and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. Costs capitalized for developing such software applications were not material for the periods presented.
Segments	Segments Our CEO is our chief operating decision maker ( “ CODM ” ). We have determined that we have a single operating segment. Our CEO evaluates performance and makes operating decisions about allocating resources based on financial data presented on a consolidated basis accompanied by disaggregated information about revenue by geographic region.
Business Combinations	Business Combinations We include the results of operations of the businesses that we acquire from the date of acquisition. We determine the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the respective date of acquisition. The excess purchase price over the fair values of identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management to use significant judgment and estimates including the selection of valuation methodologies, estimates of future revenue and cash flows, discount rates, and selection of comparable companies. Our estimates of fair value are based on assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with a corresponding offset to goodwill. At the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are reflected in our consolidated statements of operations. When we issue payments or grants of equity to selling stockholders in connection with an acquisition, we evaluate whether the payments or awards are compensatory. This evaluation includes whether cash payments or stock award vesting is contingent on the continued employment of the selling stockholder beyond the acquisition date. If continued employment is required for the cash to be paid or stock awards to vest, the award is treated as compensation for post-acquisition services and is recognized as compensation expense. Transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred, and are included in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.
Goodwill	Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination. We test goodwill for impairment at least annually, in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. For all periods presented, we had a single operating segment and reporting unit structure. There were no impairment charges in any of the periods presented.
Intangible Assets	Intangible Assets Intangible assets are carried at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. We determine the appropriate useful life of our intangible assets by measuring the expected cash flows of acquired assets. The estimated useful lives of intangible assets are generally as follows: Intangible Asset Estimated Useful Domain names 5 Years Trademarks 3 Years Acquired developed technology 3 to 7 Years Customer relationships 2 to 8 Years Patents 4 to 14 Years
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of Long-Lived Assets We evaluate recoverability of our property and equipment and intangible assets, excluding goodwill, when events or changes indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Events and changes in circumstances considered in determining whether the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be recoverable include: significant changes in performance relative to expected operating results; significant changes in asset use; and significant negative industry or economic trends and changes in our business strategy. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparison of their carrying amount to future undiscounted cash flows to be generated. If impairment is indicated based on a comparison of the assets’ carrying values and the undiscounted cash flows, the impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.
Legal Contingencies	Legal Contingencies For legal contingencies, we accrue a liability for an estimated loss if the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal fees and expenses are expensed as incurred. Note 8 provides additional information regarding our legal contingencies.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires public entities to provide greater disaggregation within their annual rate reconciliation, including new requirements to present reconciling items on a gross basis in specified categories, disclose both percentages and dollar amounts, and disaggregate individual reconciling items by jurisdiction and nature when the effect of the items meet a quantitative threshold. The guidance also requires disaggregating the annual disclosure of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, by federal (national), state, and foreign taxes, with separate presentation of individual jurisdictions that meet a quantitative threshold. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis, with a retrospective option, and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires public entities with a single reportable segment to provide all the disclosures required by this standard and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280 on an interim and annual basis, including new requirements to disclose significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the CODM and included within the reported measure(s) of a segment's profit or loss, the amount and composition of any other segment items, the title and position of the CODM, and how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of a segment's profit or loss to assess performance and decide how to allocate resources. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024, applied retrospectively with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

Summary of Significant Accoun_3

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Estimated Useful Lives of Intangible Assets	The estimated useful lives of intangible assets are generally as follows: Intangible Asset Estimated Useful Domain names 5 Years Trademarks 3 Years Acquired developed technology 3 to 7 Years Customer relationships 2 to 8 Years Patents 4 to 14 Years Intangible assets consisted of the following: December 31, 2023 Weighted- Gross Accumulated Net (in thousands, except years) Domain names 3.0 $ 745 $ (546) $ 199 Technology 2.8 323,313 (197,608) 125,705 Patents 8.8 39,373 (19,099) 20,274 Other — 6,000 (5,875) 125 $ 369,431 $ (223,128) $ 146,303 December 31, 2022 Weighted- Gross Accumulated Net (in thousands, except years) Domain names 4.0 $ 954 $ (690) $ 264 Trademarks 1.2 800 (478) 322 Technology 3.1 340,375 (178,427) 161,948 Customer relationships 5.7 21,000 (6,641) 14,359 Patents 9.1 39,373 (14,912) 24,461 Other 1.0 6,000 (2,874) 3,126 $ 408,502 $ (204,022) $ 204,480

Revenue (Tables)

Revenue (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Schedule of Revenue Disaggregated by Geography	The following table represents our revenue disaggregated by geography based on the billing address of the customer: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) North America (1) (2) $ 2,952,301 $ 3,205,554 $ 2,871,369 Europe (3) 772,078 712,764 660,473 Rest of world 881,736 683,529 585,206 Total revenue $ 4,606,115 $ 4,601,847 $ 4,117,048 (1) North America includes Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America. (2) United States revenue was $2.9 billion, $3.1 billion, and $2.8 billion for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. (3) Europe includes Russia and Turkey. Effective March 2022, we halted advertising sales to Russian and Belarusian entities.

Net Loss per Share (Tables)

Net Loss per Share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of Numerators and Denominators of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share Computations for Common Stock	The numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted net loss per share computations for our common stock are calculated as follows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands, except per share data) Class A Class B Class C Class A Class B Class C Class A Class B Class C Numerator: Net loss $ (1,114,039) $ (18,479) $ (189,967) $ (1,203,614) $ (20,141) $ (205,898) $ (408,118) $ (7,339) $ (72,498) Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (1,114,039) $ (18,479) $ (189,967) $ (1,203,614) $ (20,141) $ (205,898) $ (408,118) $ (7,339) $ (72,498) Denominator: Basic shares: Weighted-average common shares - Basic 1,358,345 22,532 231,627 1,354,019 22,658 231,627 1,303,921 23,449 231,627 Diluted shares: Weighted-average common shares - Diluted 1,358,345 22,532 231,627 1,354,019 22,658 231,627 1,303,921 23,449 231,627 Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders: Basic $ (0.82) $ (0.82) $ (0.82) $ (0.89) $ (0.89) $ (0.89) $ (0.31) $ (0.31) $ (0.31) Diluted $ (0.82) $ (0.82) $ (0.82) $ (0.89) $ (0.89) $ (0.89) $ (0.31) $ (0.31) $ (0.31)
Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Shares Excluded from Calculation of Diluted Net Loss per Share	The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Stock options 1,697 3,159 4,304 Unvested RSUs and RSAs 157,130 132,392 86,180 Convertible Notes (if-converted) 89,379 89,379 62,755

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Summary of RSU and RSA Award Activity	The following table summarizes the RSU and RSA activity during the year ended December 31, 2023: Class A Weighted- (in thousands, except per share data) Unvested at December 31, 2022 132,392 $ 18.28 Granted 148,701 $ 10.41 Vested (91,641) $ 15.71 Forfeited (32,322) $ 15.90 Unvested at December 31, 2023 157,130 $ 12.82
Summary of Stock Option Award Activity	The following table summarizes the stock option award activity under the Stock Plans during the year ended December 31, 2023: Class A Class B Weighted- Weighted- Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1) (in thousands, except per share data) Outstanding at December 31, 2022 2,589 570 $ 9.68 4.05 $ 9,669 Granted — — $ — Exercised (599) (565) $ 0.89 Forfeited (298) — $ 14.27 Outstanding at December 31, 2023 1,692 5 $ 14.90 4.41 $ 5,225 Exercisable at December 31, 2023 1,692 5 $ 14.90 4.41 $ 5,225 Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2023 1,692 5 $ 14.90 4.41 $ 5,225 (1) The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock option awards and the closing market price of our Class A common stock as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Summary of Total Stock-based Compensation Expense	Total stock-based compensation expense by function was as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Cost of revenue $ 9,555 $ 12,288 $ 17,221 Research and development 893,026 970,746 740,130 Sales and marketing 255,688 203,092 164,241 General and administrative 165,735 201,661 170,543 Total $ 1,324,004 $ 1,387,787 $ 1,092,135

Business Acquisitions (Tables)

Business Acquisitions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Wave Optics
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Summary of Total Purchase Consideration Allocation	The allocation of the total purchase consideration for this acquisition was as follows: Total (in thousands) Trademarks $ 20,584 Technology 77,118 Customer relationships 32,708 Goodwill 370,236 Net deferred tax liability (3,313) Other assets acquired and liabilities assumed, net 13,111 Total $ 510,444
Fit Analytics
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Summary of Total Purchase Consideration Allocation	The allocation of the total purchase consideration for this acquisition was as follows: Total (in thousands) Trademarks $ 800 Technology 17,000 Customer relationships 17,000 Goodwill 88,132 Net deferred tax liability (5,643) Other assets acquired and liabilities assumed, net 7,160 Total $ 124,449
Other Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Summary of Total Purchase Consideration Allocation	The aggregate allocation of purchase consideration was as follows: Total (in thousands) Technology $ 64,150 Customer relationships 4,000 Goodwill 203,482 Net deferred tax liability (11,871) Other assets acquired and liabilities assumed, net 6,325 Total $ 266,086

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill	The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows: Goodwill (in thousands) Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 1,588,452 Goodwill acquired 69,291 Foreign currency translation (11,623) Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 1,646,120 Goodwill acquired 42,780 Foreign currency translation 2,927 Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 1,691,827
Summary of Estimated Useful Lives of Intangible Assets	The estimated useful lives of intangible assets are generally as follows: Intangible Asset Estimated Useful Domain names 5 Years Trademarks 3 Years Acquired developed technology 3 to 7 Years Customer relationships 2 to 8 Years Patents 4 to 14 Years Intangible assets consisted of the following: December 31, 2023 Weighted- Gross Accumulated Net (in thousands, except years) Domain names 3.0 $ 745 $ (546) $ 199 Technology 2.8 323,313 (197,608) 125,705 Patents 8.8 39,373 (19,099) 20,274 Other — 6,000 (5,875) 125 $ 369,431 $ (223,128) $ 146,303 December 31, 2022 Weighted- Gross Accumulated Net (in thousands, except years) Domain names 4.0 $ 954 $ (690) $ 264 Trademarks 1.2 800 (478) 322 Technology 3.1 340,375 (178,427) 161,948 Customer relationships 5.7 21,000 (6,641) 14,359 Patents 9.1 39,373 (14,912) 24,461 Other 1.0 6,000 (2,874) 3,126 $ 408,502 $ (204,022) $ 204,480
Schedule of Estimated Intangible Asset Amortization Expense	As of December 31, 2023, the estimated intangible asset amortization expense for the next five years and thereafter is as follows: Estimated (in thousands) Year ending December 31, 2024 $ 58,532 2025 42,513 2026 20,776 2027 12,104 2028 4,323 Thereafter 8,055 Total $ 146,303

Long-Term Debt (Tables)

Long-Term Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Summary of Convertible Notes	The Convertible Notes consisted of the following: As of December 31, 2023 2022 Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Net Carrying Amount Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Net Carrying Amount (in thousands) 2025 Notes $ 284,105 $ (871) $ 283,234 $ 284,105 $ (1,521) $ 282,584 2026 Notes 838,482 (3,402) 835,080 838,482 (4,698) 833,784 2027 Notes 1,150,000 (7,114) 1,142,886 1,150,000 (9,239) 1,140,761 2028 Notes 1,500,000 (11,800) 1,488,200 1,500,000 (14,609) 1,485,391 Total $ 3,772,587 $ (23,187) $ 3,749,400 $ 3,772,587 $ (30,067) $ 3,742,520

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Summary of Weighted-average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate Related to Operating Leases	The weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) and discount rate related to the operating leases were as follows: As of December 31, 2023 2022 Weighted-average remaining lease term 10.0 6.8 Weighted-average discount rate 6.1 % 5.0 %
Schedule of Present Value of Operating Lease Liabilities	The maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023, were as follows: Operating Leases (in thousands) Year ending December 31, 2024 $ 86,440 2025 72,225 2026 84,100 2027 75,521 2028 72,890 Thereafter 432,152 Total lease payments $ 823,328 Less: Imputed interest (227,728) Present value of lease liabilities $ 595,600

Strategic Investments (Tables)

Strategic Investments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]
Summary of Strategic Investments	The following table summarizes our strategic investments as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: As of December 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) Initial cost $ 106,368 $ 125,564 Cumulative upward adjustments 147,317 157,186 Cumulative downward adjustments, including impairments (58,357) (30,411) Carrying value $ 195,328 $ 252,339
Summary of Gain (Loss) on Strategic Investments	Gains and losses recognized during the periods presented were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Gains (losses) recognized on strategic investments sold during the period, net $ — $ 45,935 $ 27,820 Unrealized gains on strategic investments still held at the reporting date 1,368 19,946 145,010 Unrealized losses, including impairments, on strategic investments still held at the reporting date (28,423) (1,421) (2,854) Gains (losses) on strategic investments, net $ (27,055) $ 64,460 $ 169,976 Gains and losses recognized during the periods presented, which are included within other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of operations, were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Gains (losses) recognized on publicly traded equity securities sold during the period, net $ 11,046 $ (22,095) $ — Unrealized gains (losses) on publicly traded equity securities still held at the reporting date, net (17,731) (79,214) 122,064 Gains (losses) on publicly traded equity securities, net $ (6,685) $ (101,309) $ 122,064

Fair Value Measurements (Tables

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Summary of Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis	The following tables set forth our financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding publicly traded equity securities, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: December 31, 2023 Cost or Gross Gross Total Estimated (in thousands) Cash $ 1,780,402 $ — $ — $ 1,780,402 Level 1 securities: U.S. government securities 1,295,918 894 (3,919) 1,292,893 U.S. government agency securities 138,420 31 (188) 138,263 Level 2 securities: Corporate debt securities 234,336 577 (99) 234,814 Commercial paper 65,380 — — 65,380 Certificates of deposit 18,725 — — 18,725 Total $ 3,533,181 $ 1,502 $ (4,206) $ 3,530,477 December 31, 2022 Cost or Gross Gross Total Estimated (in thousands) Cash $ 1,325,946 $ — $ — $ 1,325,946 Level 1 securities: U.S. government securities 1,630,224 109 (9,484) 1,620,849 U.S. government agency securities 175,269 19 (188) 175,100 Level 2 securities: Corporate debt securities 309,942 32 (1,462) 308,512 Commercial paper 290,589 — — 290,589 Certificates of deposit 157,965 — (1) 157,964 Total $ 3,889,935 $ 160 $ (11,135) $ 3,878,960
Summary of Gain (Loss) on Strategic Investments	Gains and losses recognized during the periods presented were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Gains (losses) recognized on strategic investments sold during the period, net $ — $ 45,935 $ 27,820 Unrealized gains on strategic investments still held at the reporting date 1,368 19,946 145,010 Unrealized losses, including impairments, on strategic investments still held at the reporting date (28,423) (1,421) (2,854) Gains (losses) on strategic investments, net $ (27,055) $ 64,460 $ 169,976 Gains and losses recognized during the periods presented, which are included within other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of operations, were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Gains (losses) recognized on publicly traded equity securities sold during the period, net $ 11,046 $ (22,095) $ — Unrealized gains (losses) on publicly traded equity securities still held at the reporting date, net (17,731) (79,214) 122,064 Gains (losses) on publicly traded equity securities, net $ (6,685) $ (101,309) $ 122,064

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Domestic and Foreign Components of Pre-Tax Loss	The domestic and foreign components of pre-tax loss were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Domestic (1) $ (285,330) $ (538,311) $ 364,989 Foreign (1) (1,009,093) (862,386) (839,360) Loss before income taxes $ (1,294,423) $ (1,400,697) $ (474,371) (1) Includes the impact of intercompany charges to foreign affiliates for financing, management fees, and research and development cost sharing, inclusive of stock-based compensation.
Schedule of Components of Income Tax (Benefit) Expense	The components of our income tax (benefit) expense were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Current: Federal $ — $ — $ — State 8,585 10,704 919 Foreign 26,727 22,404 22,078 Total current income tax expense (benefit) 35,312 33,108 22,997 Deferred: Federal 1,267 1,212 (6,295) State 1,061 837 (445) Foreign (9,578) (6,201) (2,673) Total deferred income tax expense (benefit) (7,250) (4,152) (9,413) Income tax expense (benefit) $ 28,062 $ 28,956 $ 13,584
Summary of Reconciliation of Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate	The following is a reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Tax benefit (expense) computed at the federal statutory rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % State tax benefit (expense), net of federal benefit (1) 2.2 2.9 31.5 Change in valuation allowance (31.5) (32.0) (246.3) Differences between U.S. and foreign tax rates on foreign income 3.3 2.5 3.9 Stock-based compensation (7.0) (0.1) 119.3 U.S. federal research & development credit benefit 8.6 5.0 36.7 U.K. corporate rate increase — — 39.8 Acquisitions and divestitures 1.8 (0.7) (8.0) Other benefits (expenses) (0.6) (0.7) (0.8) Total income tax benefit (expense) (2.2) % (2.1) % (2.9) % (1) Inclusive of state research and development credits.
Summary of Significant Components of Net Deferred Tax Balances	The significant components of net deferred tax balances were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) Deferred tax assets: Accruals and reserves $ 22,475 $ 37,731 Intangible assets 168,661 177,762 IRC 174 capitalized R&D 449,253 265,485 Stock-based compensation 70,563 102,364 Loss carryforwards 2,774,231 2,651,812 Tax credit carryforwards 969,368 824,220 Lease liability 126,637 98,668 Other 51,764 20,154 Total deferred tax assets 4,632,952 4,178,196 Deferred tax liabilities: Right-of-use asset (111,777) (75,212) Investments (20,183) (30,962) Other (28,416) (17,309) Total deferred tax liabilities (160,376) (123,483) Total net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance 4,472,576 4,054,713 Valuation allowance (4,471,571) (4,060,943) Net deferred taxes $ 1,005 $ (6,230)
Summary of Activity Related to Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits	The following table summarizes the activity related to our gross unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands) Beginning balance of unrecognized tax benefits $ 510,669 $ 469,573 $ 344,971 Additions for current year tax positions 46,188 47,366 119,938 Additions for prior year tax positions 10,171 115 180 Reductions for prior year tax positions (16,736) (3,569) (996) Changes due to lapse of statute of limitations (31,786) (1,887) (2,077) Reductions for settlements with taxing authorities (4,927) — — Changes due to foreign currency translation adjustments (175) (929) (357) U.K. corporate rate increase — — 7,914 Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties) 513,404 510,669 469,573 Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits 967 385 124 Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits (including interest and penalties) $ 514,371 $ 511,054 $ 469,697

Accumulated Other Comprehensi_2

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss [Abstract]
Schedule of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	The table below presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) by component and the reclassifications out of AOCI: Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component Marketable Foreign Currency Total (in thousands) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ (11,129) $ (2,845) $ (13,974) OCI before reclassifications 8,643 12,836 21,479 Amounts reclassified from AOCI (1) (374) — (374) Net current period OCI 8,269 12,836 21,105 Balance at December 31, 2023 $ (2,860) $ 9,991 $ 7,131 (1)

Property and Equipment, Net (Ta

Property and Equipment, Net (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Summary of Property and Equipment, Net	Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following: As of December 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) Computer hardware and software $ 67,989 $ 62,945 Buildings 21,486 21,486 Leasehold improvements 332,721 225,647 Furniture and equipment 162,476 100,025 Construction in progress 90,038 80,267 Total 674,710 490,370 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (264,384) (218,593) Property and equipment, net $ 410,326 $ 271,777
Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net by Geographic Area	The following table lists property and equipment, net by geographic area: As of December 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) United States $ 247,106 $ 214,857 United Kingdom 122,013 36,774 Rest of world (1) 41,207 20,146 Total property and equipment, net $ 410,326 $ 271,777 (1) No individual country exceeded 10% of our total property and equipment, net for any period presented.

Balance Sheet Components (Table

Balance Sheet Components (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following: As of December 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) Accrued infrastructure costs $ 281,682 $ 169,886 Partner revenue share liabilities 99,877 83,395 Accrued compensation and related expenses 95,600 206,441 Deferred revenue (1) 93,706 50,782 Other operating costs 75,905 75,376 Acquisition liabilities 7,359 293,332 Other 151,707 108,128 Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 805,836 $ 987,340 (1) We expect a substantial majority of our deferred revenue to be realized in less than one year.

Restructuring (Tables)

Restructuring (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Schedule of Restructuring and Related Costs	The following table summarizes the restructuring charges (benefits) in our consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022: Severance and Related Charges (1) Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Benefit) Lease Exit and Related Charges (2) Other (3) Total (in thousands) Cost of revenue $ 2,291 $ 709 $ — $ 17,585 $ 20,585 Research and development 46,994 29,188 — 2,733 78,915 Sales and marketing 30,565 (504) — 730 30,791 General and administrative 17,211 5,111 31,227 5,109 58,658 Total $ 97,061 $ 34,504 $ 31,227 $ 26,157 $ 188,949 (1) Severance and related charges include cash severance expense and other termination benefits. The majority of cash paid for restructuring in 2022 was related to severance and benefits. (2) Lease exit and related charges are non-cash and presented in other cash flows from operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. (3) Other includes impairment charges, contract termination charges, and intangible asset amortization.

Summary of Significant Accoun_4

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details)	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 d $ / shares	Jul. 31, 2022 d $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) vote reportingUnit segment	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) segment reportingUnit	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) reportingUnit segment
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Cost, Product and Service [Extensible Enumeration]			Advertising [Member]	Advertising [Member]	Advertising [Member]
Advertising partner arrangement cost			$ 675,000,000	$ 681,900,000	$ 679,000,000
Advertising cost			$ 24,900,000	42,700,000	$ 62,400,000
Weighted average price per share (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 40	$ 40
Common stock, convertible, threshold trading days | d	90	65
Common stock, convertible, volume weighted average price per share (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 8.70
Common stock, convertible, volume weighted average price per share, S&P 500 total return index (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 8,862.85
Percentage of tax benefits likelihood of being realized			0.50
Maturity of time deposits			90 days
Credit losses recorded on available-for-sale debt securities			$ 0	$ 0
Number of operating segment | segment			1	1	1
Number of reporting unit | reportingUnit			1	1	1
Goodwill impairment charges			$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Computer Hardware, Software and Equipment
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment estimated useful life			3 years
Furniture and equipment
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment estimated useful life			5 years
Minimum | Buildings
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment estimated useful life			20 years
Minimum | RSUs and RSAs Granted after February 2018
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Service condition satisfied (in years)			3 years
Maximum | Buildings
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment estimated useful life			45 years
Maximum | RSUs and RSAs Granted after February 2018
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Service condition satisfied (in years)			4 years
Class A Non-voting Common Stock
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Stock split ratio, common stock		1
Class B
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of votes per share | vote			1
Class C
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of votes per share | vote			10

Summary of Significant Accoun_5

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Estimated Useful Lives of Intangible Assets (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023
Domain names
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Trademarks
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Acquired developed technology | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Acquired developed technology | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	7 years
Customer relationships | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	2 years
Customer relationships | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	8 years
Patents | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	4 years
Patents | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	14 years

Revenue (Details)

Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 4,606,115	$ 4,601,847	$ 4,117,048
North America
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,952,301	3,205,554	2,871,369
United States
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,900,000	3,100,000	2,800,000
Europe
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	772,078	712,764	660,473
Rest of world
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 881,736	$ 683,529	$ 585,206

Net Loss per Share - Additional

Net Loss per Share - Additional Information (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 class
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Number of classes of stock	3

Net Loss per Share - Schedule o

Net Loss per Share - Schedule of Numerators and Denominators of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share Computations for Common Stock (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (1,322,485)	$ (1,429,653)	$ (487,955)
Basic shares:
Weighted-average common shares - Basic (in shares)	1,612,504	1,608,304	1,558,997
Diluted shares:
Weighted-average common shares - Diluted (in shares)	1,612,504	1,608,304	1,558,997
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic (in usd per share)	$ (0.82)	$ (0.89)	$ (0.31)
Diluted (in usd per share)	$ (0.82)	$ (0.89)	$ (0.31)
Class A
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (1,114,039)	$ (1,203,614)	$ (408,118)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (1,114,039)	$ (1,203,614)	$ (408,118)
Basic shares:
Weighted-average common shares - Basic (in shares)	1,358,345	1,354,019	1,303,921
Diluted shares:
Weighted-average common shares - Diluted (in shares)	1,358,345	1,354,019	1,303,921
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic (in usd per share)	$ (0.82)	$ (0.89)	$ (0.31)
Diluted (in usd per share)	$ (0.82)	$ (0.89)	$ (0.31)
Class B
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (18,479)	$ (20,141)	$ (7,339)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (18,479)	$ (20,141)	$ (7,339)
Basic shares:
Weighted-average common shares - Basic (in shares)	22,532	22,658	23,449
Diluted shares:
Weighted-average common shares - Diluted (in shares)	22,532	22,658	23,449
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic (in usd per share)	$ (0.82)	$ (0.89)	$ (0.31)
Diluted (in usd per share)	$ (0.82)	$ (0.89)	$ (0.31)
Class C
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (189,967)	$ (205,898)	$ (72,498)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (189,967)	$ (205,898)	$ (72,498)
Basic shares:
Weighted-average common shares - Basic (in shares)	231,627	231,627	231,627
Diluted shares:
Weighted-average common shares - Diluted (in shares)	231,627	231,627	231,627
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic (in usd per share)	$ (0.82)	$ (0.89)	$ (0.31)
Diluted (in usd per share)	$ (0.82)	$ (0.89)	$ (0.31)

Net Loss per Share - Schedule_2

Net Loss per Share - Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Shares Excluded from Calculation of Diluted Net Loss per Share (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share (in shares)	1,697	3,159	4,304
Unvested RSUs and RSAs
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share (in shares)	157,130	132,392	86,180
Convertible Notes (if-converted)
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share (in shares)	89,379	89,379	62,755

Stockholders' Equity - Addition

Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) vote plan $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) vote plan $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Oct. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) shares	Jul. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	1,694,696,000	1,625,398,000	1,694,696,000	1,625,398,000	1,619,283,000
Number of share-based employee compensation plans | plan	3		3
Weighted-average fair value of employee stock options (in usd per share) | $ / shares				$ 8.41	$ 36.17
Fair values of options vested | $			$ 1,100	$ 3,200	$ 7,700
Intrinsic values of stock options exercised | $	$ 12,300	$ 5,900	12,300	5,900	69,400
Stock repurchased during period | $	479,903	$ 500,514	$ 479,903	500,514
2017 Equity Incentive Plan | Maximum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of capital stock outstanding			5%
Stock options | Maximum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Maximum term for stock options from the grant date			10 years
Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Fair value of vested shares | $			$ 1,000,000	$ 1,200,000	$ 3,600,000
Unrecognized compensation cost | $	$ 1,700,000		$ 1,700,000
Weighted average recognition period			2 years
Class A
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	3,000,000,000	3,000,000,000	3,000,000,000	3,000,000,000
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Common stock dividends declared (in usd per share) | $ / shares			$ 0
Common stock, issued (in shares)	1,440,540,591	1,371,242,000	1,440,540,591	1,371,242,000
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	1,391,341,262	1,319,930,000	1,391,341,262	1,319,930,000
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount | $	$ 310,800		$ 310,800			$ 500,000	$ 500,000		$ 500,000
Treasury stock, acquired (in shares)	18,400,000
Treasury stock, acquired | $	$ 189,400
Retirement of Class A non-voting common stock (in shares)		53,900,000
Stock repurchased and retired during period | $		$ 500,500
Stock repurchased during period (in shares)	49,200,000	51,312,000	49,200,000	51,312,000				51,300,000
Stock repurchased during period | $								$ 500,500
Class A | 2017 Equity Incentive Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)	87,270,108		87,270,108
Class A | 2017 Equity Incentive Plan | Maximum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Additional common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)	86,737,997		86,737,997
Class A | 2014 Equity Incentive Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)	17,858,235		17,858,235
Class A | 2012 Equity Incentive Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)	11,004,580		11,004,580
Class A | 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)	16,484,690		16,484,690
Number of shares issued or offered under plan (in shares)			0
Percentage of number of shares, common stock outstanding			1%
Class A | 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan | Maximum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Increase in number of shares reserved for issuance (in shares)			15,000,000
Class A | Stock Options And Unvested RSUs | 2014 Equity Incentive Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)	96,993,064		96,993,064
Class A | Stock Options And Unvested RSUs | 2012 Equity Incentive Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)	37,228,865		37,228,865
Class A | Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Outstanding restricted stock, Granted (in shares)			148,701,000
Class A | France | 2014 Equity Incentive Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Outstanding restricted stock, Granted (in shares)			2,500,000
Class B
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	700,000,000	700,000,000	700,000,000	700,000,000
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Number of votes per share | vote	1		1
Common stock dividends declared (in usd per share) | $ / shares			$ 0
Common stock, issued (in shares)	22,528,406	22,529,000	22,528,406	22,529,000
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	22,528,406	22,529,000	22,528,406	22,529,000
Class C
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	260,887,848	260,888,000	260,887,848	260,888,000
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Number of votes per share | vote	10		10
Common stock dividends declared (in usd per share) | $ / shares			$ 0
Common stock, issued (in shares)	231,626,943	231,627,000	231,626,943	231,627,000
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	231,626,943	231,627,000	231,626,943	231,627,000

Stockholders' Equity - Summary

Stockholders' Equity - Summary of RSU and RSA Award Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards - Class A shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Class A Number of Shares
Outstanding restricted stock, unvested beginning balance (in shares) | shares	132,392
Outstanding restricted stock, Granted (in shares) | shares	148,701
Outstanding restricted stock, Vested (in shares) | shares	(91,641)
Outstanding restricted stock, Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(32,322)
Outstanding restricted stock, unvested ending balance (in shares) | shares	157,130
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Weighted-average grant date fair value per restricted stock, unvested beginning balance (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 18.28
Weighted-average grant date fair value per restricted stock, Granted (in usd per share) | $ / shares	10.41
Weighted-average grant date fair value per restricted stock, Vested (in usd per share) | $ / shares	15.71
Weighted-average grant date fair value per restricted stock, Forfeited (in usd per share) | $ / shares	15.90
Weighted-average grant date fair value per restricted stock, unvested ending balance (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 12.82

Stockholders' Equity - Summar_2

Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Stock Option Award Activity (Details) - Stock options - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Beginning balance (in usd per share)	$ 9.68
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted (in usd per share)	0
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercised (in usd per share)	0.89
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Forfeited (in usd per share)	14.27
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Ending balance (in usd per share)	14.90	$ 9.68
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercisable (in usd per share)	14.90
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Vested and expected to vest (in usd per share)	$ 14.90
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term	4 years 4 months 28 days	4 years 18 days
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term, Exercisable	4 years 4 months 28 days
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term, Vested and expected to vest	4 years 4 months 28 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding	$ 5,225	$ 9,669
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable	5,225
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Vested and expected to vest	$ 5,225
Class A
Number of Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	2,589
Granted (in shares)	0
Exercised (in shares)	(599)
Forfeited (in shares)	(298)
Ending balance (in shares)	1,692	2,589
Exercisable (in shares)	1,692
Vested and expected to vest (in shares)	1,692
Class B
Number of Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	570
Granted (in shares)	0
Exercised (in shares)	(565)
Forfeited (in shares)	0
Ending balance (in shares)	5	570
Exercisable (in shares)	5
Vested and expected to vest (in shares)	5

Stockholders' Equity - Summar_3

Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Total Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total	$ 1,324,004	$ 1,387,787	$ 1,092,135
Cost of revenue
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total	9,555	12,288	17,221
Research and development
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total	893,026	970,746	740,130
Sales and marketing
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total	255,688	203,092	164,241
General and administrative
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total	$ 165,735	$ 201,661	$ 170,543

Business Acquisitions - Additio

Business Acquisitions - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands, shares in Millions	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill			$ 1,691,827	$ 1,646,120	$ 1,588,452
2023 Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price consideration			73,100
Payment to acquire business			56,300
Goodwill			42,800
2023 Acquisitions | Other Liabilities
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination, recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, liabilities			$ 12,600
2022 Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price consideration				120,500
Payment to acquire business				17,700
Goodwill				69,300
Goodwill deductible for tax purposes				101,700
2022 Acquisitions | Other Liabilities
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination, recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, liabilities				58,800
Wave Optics
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price consideration	$ 510,400
Payment to acquire business	13,700
Business combination, recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, liabilities	238,400
Goodwill	370,236
Business combination, consideration transferred, equity interests issued and issuable	252,000
Business combination total consideration including post combination expense	541,800
Business combination, post combination expense	$ 31,400
Fit Analytics
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price consideration		$ 124,400
Goodwill		$ 88,132
Other Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payment to acquire business					139,500
Business combination, recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, liabilities					32,900
Goodwill					203,482
Business combination, consideration transferred, equity interests issued and issuable					93,700
Goodwill deductible for tax purposes					8,200
Business combination total consideration including post combination expense					$ 266,100
Class A Common Stock | 2022 Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination, consideration transferred, equity interests issued and issuable				$ 44,000
Class A Common Stock | Wave Optics
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination consideration in shares issued or issuable (in shares)	4.7

Business Acquisitions - Summary

Business Acquisitions - Summary of Total Purchase Consideration Allocation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	May 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 1,691,827	$ 1,646,120	$ 1,588,452
Wave Optics
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill				$ 370,236
Net deferred tax liability				(3,313)
Other assets acquired and liabilities assumed, net				13,111
Total				510,444
Wave Optics | Trademarks
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite lived intangible assets				20,584
Wave Optics | Technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite lived intangible assets				77,118
Wave Optics | Customer relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite lived intangible assets				$ 32,708
Fit Analytics
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill					$ 88,132
Net deferred tax liability					(5,643)
Other assets acquired and liabilities assumed, net					7,160
Total					124,449
Fit Analytics | Trademarks
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite lived intangible assets					800
Fit Analytics | Technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite lived intangible assets					17,000
Fit Analytics | Customer relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite lived intangible assets					$ 17,000
Other Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill			203,482
Net deferred tax liability			(11,871)
Other assets acquired and liabilities assumed, net			6,325
Total			266,086
Other Acquisitions | Technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite lived intangible assets			64,150
Other Acquisitions | Customer relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite lived intangible assets			$ 4,000

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_2

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	$ 1,646,120	$ 1,588,452
Goodwill acquired	42,780	69,291
Foreign currency translation	2,927	(11,623)
Goodwill, ending balance	$ 1,691,827	$ 1,646,120

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_3

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 369,431	$ 408,502
Accumulated Amortization	(223,128)	(204,022)
Net	$ 146,303	$ 204,480
Domain names
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted- Average Remaining Useful Life - Years	3 years	4 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 745	$ 954
Accumulated Amortization	(546)	(690)
Net	$ 199	$ 264
Trademarks
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted- Average Remaining Useful Life - Years		1 year 2 months 12 days
Gross Carrying Amount		$ 800
Accumulated Amortization		(478)
Net		$ 322
Technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted- Average Remaining Useful Life - Years	2 years 9 months 18 days	3 years 1 month 6 days
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 323,313	$ 340,375
Accumulated Amortization	(197,608)	(178,427)
Net	$ 125,705	$ 161,948
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted- Average Remaining Useful Life - Years		5 years 8 months 12 days
Gross Carrying Amount		$ 21,000
Accumulated Amortization		(6,641)
Net		$ 14,359
Patents
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted- Average Remaining Useful Life - Years	8 years 9 months 18 days	9 years 1 month 6 days
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 39,373	$ 39,373
Accumulated Amortization	(19,099)	(14,912)
Net	20,274	$ 24,461
Other
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted- Average Remaining Useful Life - Years		1 year
Gross Carrying Amount	6,000	$ 6,000
Accumulated Amortization	(5,875)	(2,874)
Net	$ 125	$ 3,126

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_4

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 81.1	$ 132.3	$ 63.2
Customer Relationships, Trademarks, Domain Names, and Technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Increase in amortization of intangible assets	$ 19.9	$ 49.3

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_5

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Estimated Intangible Asset Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 58,532
2025	42,513
2026	20,776
2027	12,104
2028	4,323
Thereafter	8,055
Net	$ 146,303	$ 204,480

Long-Term Debt - Additional Inf

Long-Term Debt - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended					12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2022	Feb. 28, 2022	Apr. 30, 2021	Apr. 30, 2020	Aug. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, principal amount						$ 3,772,587,000	$ 3,772,587,000
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes, net of issuance costs						0	1,483,500,000	$ 1,137,227,000
Induced conversion expense related to convertible notes						0	0	41,538,000
Amortization of debt issuance costs						7,361,000	6,865,000	4,311,000
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, expiration period	5 years
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 1,050,000,000
Annual commitment fee	0.10%
Outstanding letters of credit						49,600,000
Amounts outstanding under the credit facility						0
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable interest rate (percentage)	0.75%
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility | Sterling Overnight Index
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable interest rate (percentage)	0.7826%
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility | Miscellaneous
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable interest rate (percentage)	0.75%
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility | Fed Funds Effective Rate Overnight Index Swap Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable interest rate (percentage)	0.50%
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility | One Month Secured Overnight Financing Rate S O F R Overnight Index Swap Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, expiration period	1 month
Basis spread on variable interest rate (percentage)	100%
Exchange Agreements
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Induced conversion expense related to convertible notes								41,500,000
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock for the induced conversion related to convertible senior notes								$ 1,132,600,000
Class A Non-voting Common Stock | Exchange Agreements
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Shares issued upon conversion of each $1000 principal amount (in shares)								52,400,000
Additional shares issued upon conversion (in shares)								700,000
Issuance of Class A non-voting common stock for the induced conversion related to convertible senior notes (in shares)								700,000
2028 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, principal amount		$ 1,500,000,000				$ 1,500,000,000	1,500,000,000
Proceeds from debt net of issuance costs and capped call transaction costs		$ 1,310,000,000
Debt instrument, interest rate		0.125%
Debt instrument convertible, amortization period						4 years 2 months 12 days
Cap price, net cost						$ 177,000,000
2028 Notes | Class A Non-voting Common Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Shares issued upon conversion of each $1000 principal amount (in shares)		17.7494
Debt instrument, convertible principal amount used in conversion rate		$ 1,000
Conversion price per share (in usd per share)		$ 56.34
Cap price, per share (in usd per share)						$ 93.90
2027 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, principal amount			$ 1,150,000,000			$ 1,150,000,000	1,150,000,000
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes, net of issuance costs			$ 1,050,000,000
Debt instrument convertible, amortization period						3 years 3 months 18 days
Cap price, net cost						$ 86,800,000
2027 Notes | Class A Non-voting Common Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Shares issued upon conversion of each $1000 principal amount (in shares)			11.2042
Debt instrument, convertible principal amount used in conversion rate			$ 1,000
Conversion price per share (in usd per share)			$ 89.25
Cap price, per share (in usd per share)						$ 121.02
2025 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, principal amount				$ 1,000,000,000		$ 284,105,000	284,105,000
Debt instrument, interest rate				0.25%
Debt issuance costs				$ 888,600,000
Debt instrument convertible, amortization period						1 year 3 months 18 days
Cap price, net cost						$ 100,000,000
2025 Notes | Exchange Agreements
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt conversion, principal amount								$ 715,900,000
2025 Notes | Class A Non-voting Common Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Shares issued upon conversion of each $1000 principal amount (in shares)				46.1233
Debt instrument, convertible principal amount used in conversion rate				$ 1,000
Conversion price per share (in usd per share)				$ 21.68
Cap price, per share (in usd per share)						$ 32.12
2026 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, principal amount					$ 1,265,000,000	$ 838,482,000	838,482,000
Debt instrument, interest rate					0.75%
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes, net of issuance costs					$ 1,150,000,000
Debt instrument convertible, amortization period						2 years 7 months 6 days
Cap price, net cost						$ 102,100,000
2026 Notes | Exchange Agreements
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt conversion, principal amount								426,500,000
2026 Notes | Class A Non-voting Common Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Shares issued upon conversion of each $1000 principal amount (in shares)					43.8481
Debt instrument, convertible principal amount used in conversion rate					$ 1,000
Conversion price per share (in usd per share)					$ 22.81
Cap price, per share (in usd per share)						$ 32.58
Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amortization of debt issuance costs						$ 6,900,000	6,500,000	4,300,000
Contractual interest expense						$ 8,900,000	$ 8,700,000	$ 8,900,000

Long-Term Debt - Summary of Con

Long-Term Debt - Summary of Convertible Notes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Feb. 28, 2022	Apr. 30, 2021	Apr. 30, 2020	Aug. 31, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	$ 3,772,587	$ 3,772,587
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	(23,187)	(30,067)
Net Carrying Amount	3,749,400	3,742,520
2025 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	284,105	284,105			$ 1,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	(871)	(1,521)
Net Carrying Amount	283,234	282,584
2026 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	838,482	838,482				$ 1,265,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	(3,402)	(4,698)
Net Carrying Amount	835,080	833,784
2027 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	1,150,000	1,150,000		$ 1,150,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	(7,114)	(9,239)
Net Carrying Amount	1,142,886	1,140,761
2028 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	1,500,000	1,500,000	$ 1,500,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	(11,800)	(14,609)
Net Carrying Amount	$ 1,488,200	$ 1,485,391

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Commitments due	$ 3,000,000,000
Contractual obligation maturity	3 years
Indemnification Agreement
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Liabilities recorded	$ 0

Leases - Additional Information

Leases - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Operating lease cost	$ 101,000	$ 109,500	$ 69,800
Lease obligations for additional leases not yet commenced	70,700
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	97,700	94,900	73,900
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining operating lease right-of-use assets	$ 220,200	$ 147,400	$ 99,300
Minimum
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Operating leases, terms	7 years
Maximum
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Operating leases, terms	11 years

Leases - Summary of Weighted-av

Leases - Summary of Weighted-average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate Related to Operating Leases (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted-average remaining lease term	10 years	6 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted-average discount rate	6.10%	5%

Leases - Schedule of Present Va

Leases - Schedule of Present Value of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2024	$ 86,440
2025	72,225
2026	84,100
2027	75,521
2028	72,890
Thereafter	432,152
Total lease payments	823,328
Less: Imputed interest	(227,728)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 595,600

Strategic Investments - Summary

Strategic Investments - Summary of Strategic Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]
Initial cost	$ 106,368	$ 125,564
Cumulative upward adjustments	147,317	157,186
Cumulative downward adjustments, including impairments	(58,357)	(30,411)
Carrying value	$ 195,328	$ 252,339

Strategic Investments - Summa_2

Strategic Investments - Summary of Gain (Loss) on Strategic Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]
Gains (losses) recognized on strategic investments sold during the period, net	$ 0	$ 45,935	$ 27,820
Unrealized gains on strategic investments still held at the reporting date	1,368	19,946	145,010
Unrealized losses, including impairments, on strategic investments still held at the reporting date	(28,423)	(1,421)	(2,854)
Gains (losses) on strategic investments, net	$ (27,055)	$ 64,460	$ 169,976

Fair Value Measurements - Summa

Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Total Estimated Fair Value	$ 1,800,000
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash, Equity Securities and Marketable securities, Cost or Amortized Cost	3,533,181	$ 3,889,935
Equity Securities and Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Gains	1,502	160
Equity Securities and Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(4,206)	(11,135)
Cash, Equity Securities and Marketable Securities, Total Estimated Fair Value	3,530,477	3,878,960
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Cash
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash, Cost or Amortized Cost	1,780,402	1,325,946
Cash, Total Estimated Fair Value	1,780,402	1,325,946
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 1 securities: | U.S. government securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Cost or Amortized Cost	1,295,918	1,630,224
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Gains	894	109
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(3,919)	(9,484)
Marketable securities, Total Estimated Fair Value	1,292,893	1,620,849
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 1 securities: | U.S. government agency securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Cost or Amortized Cost	138,420	175,269
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Gains	31	19
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(188)	(188)
Marketable securities, Total Estimated Fair Value	138,263	175,100
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 2 securities: | Corporate debt securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Cost or Amortized Cost	234,336	309,942
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Gains	577	32
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(99)	(1,462)
Marketable securities, Total Estimated Fair Value	234,814	308,512
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 2 securities: | Commercial paper
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Cost or Amortized Cost	65,380	290,589
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Losses	0	0
Marketable securities, Total Estimated Fair Value	65,380	290,589
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 2 securities: | Certificates of deposit
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Cost or Amortized Cost	18,725	157,965
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Losses	0	(1)
Marketable securities, Total Estimated Fair Value	$ 18,725	$ 157,964

Fair Value Measurements - Addit

Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities contractual maturities	$ 760.2
Marketable securities, total estimated fair value	1,800
Equity securities, cost or amortized cost	13.6	$ 91.5
2025 Notes | Level 2 securities:
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Convertible notes	300.9	257
2026 Notes | Level 2 securities:
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Convertible notes	893.2	711.9
2027 Notes | Level 2 securities:
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Convertible notes	921.5	796.2
2028 Notes | Level 2 securities:
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Convertible notes	$ 1,181.7	$ 1,000
Minimum
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities contractual maturities period	1 year
Maximum
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities contractual maturities period	5 years

Fair Value Measurements - Sum_2

Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Gain (Loss) on Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Gains (losses) recognized on publicly traded equity securities sold during the period, net	$ 11,046	$ (22,095)	$ 0
Unrealized gains (losses) on publicly traded equity securities still held at the reporting date, net	(17,731)	(79,214)	122,064
Gains (losses) on publicly traded equity securities, net	$ (6,685)	$ (101,309)	$ 122,064

Income Taxes - Schedule of Dome

Income Taxes - Schedule of Domestic and Foreign Components of Pre-Tax Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Domestic	$ (285,330)	$ (538,311)	$ 364,989
Foreign	(1,009,093)	(862,386)	(839,360)
Loss before income taxes	$ (1,294,423)	$ (1,400,697)	$ (474,371)

Income Taxes - Schedule of Comp

Income Taxes - Schedule of Components of Income Tax (Benefit) Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current:
Federal	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
State	8,585	10,704	919
Foreign	26,727	22,404	22,078
Total current income tax expense (benefit)	35,312	33,108	22,997
Deferred:
Federal	1,267	1,212	(6,295)
State	1,061	837	(445)
Foreign	(9,578)	(6,201)	(2,673)
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)	(7,250)	(4,152)	(9,413)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$ 28,062	$ 28,956	$ 13,584

Income Taxes - Summary of Recon

Income Taxes - Summary of Reconciliation of Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Tax benefit (expense) computed at the federal statutory rate	21%	21%	21%
State tax benefit (expense), net of federal benefit	2.20%	2.90%	31.50%
Change in valuation allowance	(31.50%)	(32.00%)	(246.30%)
Differences between U.S. and foreign tax rates on foreign income	3.30%	2.50%	3.90%
Stock-based compensation	(7.00%)	(0.10%)	119.30%
U.S. federal research & development credit benefit	8.60%	5%	36.70%
U.K. corporate rate increase	0%	0%	39.80%
Acquisitions and divestitures	1.80%	(0.70%)	(8.00%)
Other benefits (expenses)	(0.60%)	(0.70%)	(0.80%)
Total income tax benefit (expense)	(2.20%)	(2.10%)	(2.90%)

Income Taxes - Summary of Signi

Income Taxes - Summary of Significant Components of Net Deferred Tax Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets:
Accruals and reserves	$ 22,475	$ 37,731
Intangible assets	168,661	177,762
IRC 174 capitalized R&D	449,253	265,485
Stock-based compensation	70,563	102,364
Loss carryforwards	2,774,231	2,651,812
Tax credit carryforwards	969,368	824,220
Lease liability	126,637	98,668
Other	51,764	20,154
Total deferred tax assets	4,632,952	4,178,196
Deferred tax liabilities:
Right-of-use asset	(111,777)	(75,212)
Investments	(20,183)	(30,962)
Other	(28,416)	(17,309)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(160,376)	(123,483)
Total net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance	4,472,576	4,054,713
Valuation allowance	(4,471,571)	(4,060,943)
Total net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance	$ 1,005	$ 6,230

Income Taxes - Additional Infor

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			12 Months Ended
	Jun. 10, 2021	Jun. 09, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax benefit (expense) computed at the federal statutory rate			21%	21%	21%
Change in enacted tax rate, amount					$ 188,900
Deferred tax assets, valuation allowance			$ 4,471,571	$ 4,060,943
Unrecognized tax benefits			513,404	510,669	$ 469,573		$ 344,971
Other Liabilities
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Unrecognized tax benefits			27,300	$ 21,700
U.K.
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax benefit (expense) computed at the federal statutory rate	25%	19%
Net operating loss carry-forwards			$ 4,500,000
Percentage of taxable income limitation			50%
Federal
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carry-forwards			$ 6,700,000
Pre-tax act operating loss carry-forwards						$ 500,000
Pre-tax act operating loss carry-forwards period						20 years
Post-tax act operating loss carry-forwards			$ 6,200,000
Percentage of taxable income limitation			80%
Federal | Research
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Accumulated research tax credits			$ 816,600
State
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carry-forwards			4,500,000
State | Research
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Accumulated research tax credits			$ 478,900

Income Taxes - Summary of Activ

Income Taxes - Summary of Activity Related to Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance of unrecognized tax benefits	$ 510,669	$ 469,573	$ 344,971
Additions for current year tax positions	46,188	47,366	119,938
Additions for prior year tax positions	10,171	115	180
Reductions for prior year tax positions	(16,736)	(3,569)	(996)
Changes due to lapse of statute of limitations	(31,786)	(1,887)	(2,077)
Reductions for settlements with taxing authorities	(4,927)	0	0
Changes due to foreign currency translation adjustments	(175)	(929)	(357)
U.K. corporate rate increase	0	0	7,914
Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties)	513,404	510,669	469,573
Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits	967	385	124
Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits (including interest and penalties)	$ 514,371	$ 511,054	$ 469,697

Accumulated Other Comprehensi_3

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 2,580,698	$ 3,790,168
OCI before reclassifications	21,479
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	(374)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	21,105	(19,495)	$ (15,842)
Balance, end of period	2,414,112	2,580,698	3,790,168
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	(13,974)	5,521	21,363
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	21,105	(19,495)	(15,842)
Balance, end of period	7,131	(13,974)	$ 5,521
Marketable Securities
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	(11,129)
OCI before reclassifications	8,643
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	(374)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	8,269
Balance, end of period	(2,860)	(11,129)
Foreign Currency Translation
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	(2,845)
OCI before reclassifications	12,836
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	0
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	12,836
Balance, end of period	$ 9,991	$ (2,845)

Property and Equipment, Net - S

Property and Equipment, Net - Summary of Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 674,710	$ 490,370
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(264,384)	(218,593)
Property and equipment, net	410,326	271,777
Computer hardware and software
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	67,989	62,945
Buildings
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	21,486	21,486
Leasehold improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	332,721	225,647
Furniture and equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	162,476	100,025
Construction in progress
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 90,038	$ 80,267

Property and Equipment, Net - A

Property and Equipment, Net - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 168,441	$ 202,173	$ 119,141
Capital expenditures incurred but not yet paid	44,500	28,000	14,200
Property and Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 87,300	$ 69,900	$ 55,900

Property and Equipment, Net -_2

Property and Equipment, Net - Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net by Geographic Area (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) country	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) country
Property and equipment, net
Total property and equipment, net	$ 410,326	$ 271,777
United States
Property and equipment, net
Total property and equipment, net	247,106	214,857
United Kingdom
Property and equipment, net
Total property and equipment, net	122,013	36,774
Rest of world
Property and equipment, net
Total property and equipment, net	$ 41,207	$ 20,146
Rest of world | Property and Equipment Net | Geographic Concentrations
Property and equipment, net
Number of individual country exceeded 10% of total property and equipment | country	0	0

Balance Sheet Components (Detai

Balance Sheet Components (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Accrued infrastructure costs	$ 281,682	$ 169,886
Partner revenue share liabilities	99,877	83,395
Accrued compensation and related expenses	95,600	206,441
Deferred revenue	93,706	50,782
Other operating costs	75,905	75,376
Acquisition liabilities	7,359	293,332
Other	151,707	108,128
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 805,836	$ 987,340

Employee Benefit Plans (Details

Employee Benefit Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Benefit plan, maximum eligible contributions per employee, percent	100%
Expense recognized related to matching contributions	$ 34	$ 33.6	$ 25
100% Participants Contribution
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Benefit plan, employer matching contribution percentage	100%
100% Participants Contribution | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Benefit plan, employer matching contribution, percent of employees' base salary	3%
50% Participants Contribution
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Benefit plan, employer matching contribution percentage	50%
50% Participants Contribution | Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Benefit plan, employer matching contribution, percent of employees' base salary	5%
50% Participants Contribution | Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Benefit plan, employer matching contribution, percent of employees' base salary	3%

Related Party Transactions (Det

Related Party Transactions (Details) - Entity Controlled by CEO	1 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Sublease payment amount	$ 0
Sublease term	6 years
Sublease termination option, written notice term	24 months

Restructuring - Additional Info

Restructuring - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Percentage of employee reduction in reprioritization plan	3%	20%
Restructuring charges			$ 40,800,000	$ 188,949,000
Restructuring reserve			$ 0	$ 0

Restructuring - Schedule of Res

Restructuring - Schedule of Restructuring and Related Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges	$ 40,800	$ 188,949
Severance and Related Charges
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		97,061
Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Benefit)
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		34,504
Lease Exit and Related Charges
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		31,227
Other
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		26,157
Cost of revenue
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		20,585
Cost of revenue | Severance and Related Charges
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		2,291
Cost of revenue | Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Benefit)
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		709
Cost of revenue | Lease Exit and Related Charges
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		0
Cost of revenue | Other
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		17,585
Research and development
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		78,915
Research and development | Severance and Related Charges
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		46,994
Research and development | Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Benefit)
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		29,188
Research and development | Lease Exit and Related Charges
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		0
Research and development | Other
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		2,733
Sales and marketing
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		30,791
Sales and marketing | Severance and Related Charges
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		30,565
Sales and marketing | Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Benefit)
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		(504)
Sales and marketing | Lease Exit and Related Charges
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		0
Sales and marketing | Other
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		730
General and administrative
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		58,658
General and administrative | Severance and Related Charges
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		17,211
General and administrative | Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Benefit)
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		5,111
General and administrative | Lease Exit and Related Charges
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		31,227
General and administrative | Other
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		$ 5,109

Subsequent Events (Details)

Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended
	Feb. 05, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Percentage of employee reduction in reprioritization plan		3%	20%
Subsequent Event | Global Headcount Reduction
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Percentage of employee reduction in reprioritization plan	10%
Subsequent Event | Global Headcount Reduction | Minimum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Expected restructuring charges	$ 55
Subsequent Event | Global Headcount Reduction | Maximum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Expected restructuring charges	75
Subsequent Event | Global Headcount Reduction | Severance and Related Costs and Other Charges | Minimum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Expected restructuring charges	45
Subsequent Event | Global Headcount Reduction | Severance and Related Costs and Other Charges | Maximum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Expected restructuring charges	$ 55