BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 2—BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation The Company prepares its financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP"). Business Combinations The Company accounts for the acquisition of oil and gas properties, that are not commonly controlled, based on the requirements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, which requires an acquiring entity to recognize the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value under the acquisition method of accounting, provided such assets and liabilities qualify for acquisition accounting under the standard. The Company accounts for certain property acquisitions of proved developed oil and gas property as business combinations. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period Estimated quantities of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids reserves are the most significant of the Company's estimates. All reserve data included in these financial statements are based on estimates. Reservoir engineering is a subjective process of estimating underground accumulations of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of proved crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids reserves. The accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the quality of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation and judgment. As a result, reserve estimates may be different from the quantities of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids that are ultimately recovered. Other items subject to estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, the carrying amounts of property, plant and equipment, asset retirement obligations, valuation allowances for deferred income tax assets and valuation assumptions related to the Company's share-based compensation. Management evaluates estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic and commodity price environment. The volatility of commodity prices results in increased uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. See Unaudited Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserve Information . (Note 15) Loss Per Common Share Basic and diluted loss per share attributable to PetroShare shareholders is computed by dividing net (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The Company excluded potentially dilutive securities as shown below, as the effect of their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. Potentially dilutive securities at December 31, 2016 and 2015 are as follows: 2016 2015 Exercisable stock options Warrants issued to underwriter — Warrants issued to convertible note holders — Warrants issued to placement agent—convertible note offering — Shares underlying convertible notes — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash The Company's bank accounts periodically exceed federally insured limits. The Company maintains its deposits with high quality financial institutions and, accordingly, believes its credit risk exposure associated with cash is minimal. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of crude oil, natural gas and NGLs when production is delivered to, and title has transferred to, the purchaser and to the extent the selling price is reasonably determinable. In general, settlements for hydrocarbon sales may occur after the month in which the oil, natural gas or other hydrocarbon products were produced. The Company may estimate and accrue for the value of these sales using information available to it at the time its financial statements are generated. Differences are reflected in the accounting period that payments are received from the purchaser. Accounts Receivable—Crude oil, natural gas and NGLs Accounts receivable—Crude oil, natural gas and NGLs consists of amounts receivable from sales from the Company's well interests. Management continually monitors accounts receivable for collectability. Accounts Receivable—Joint interest billing Accounts receivable—Joint interest billing consists primarily of joint interest billings, which are recorded at the invoiced and to-be-invoiced amounts. Collateral is not required for such receivables, nor is interest charged on past due balances. Joint interest billing receivables are collateralized by the pro rata revenue attributable to the joint interest holders and further by the interest itself. Deferred Offering Costs The Company defers as other current assets the direct incremental costs of raising capital through equity offerings until such time as the offering is completed. At the time of the completion of the offering, the costs are charged against the capital raised. Should the offering be terminated, deferred offering costs are charged to operations during the period in which the offering is terminated. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company charged $544,070 in deferred offering costs to operations, as the offering was terminated. As of December 31, 2016, the Company's deferred offering costs totaled $nil, with $nil recorded as of December 31, 2015. Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs include origination and other fees incurred in connection with the Company's private placement and with the origination of the Company's supplemental line of credit. Debt issuance costs related to the private placement are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the respective borrowing term. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Properties Proved The Company follows the successful efforts method of accounting for its crude oil and natural gas properties. Under this method of accounting, all property acquisition costs and development costs are capitalized when incurred and depleted on a units-of-production basis over the remaining life of proved reserves and proved developed reserves, respectively. Costs of drilling exploratory wells are initially capitalized but are charged to expense if the well is determined to be unsuccessful. The Company assesses its proved crude oil and natural gas properties for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. The impairment test compares estimated undiscounted future net cash flows to the assets' net book value. If the net capitalized costs exceed estimated future net cash flows, then the cost of the property is written down to fair value. Fair value for crude oil and natural gas properties is generally determined based on estimated discounted future net cash flows. Impairment expense for proved properties is reported in exploration and impairment expense. The net carrying values of retired, sold or abandoned properties that constitute less than a complete unit of depreciable property are charged or credited, net of proceeds, to accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization unless doing so significantly affects the unit-of-production amortization rate, in which case a gain or loss is recognized in the statement of operations. Gains or losses from the disposal of complete units of depreciable property are recognized in earnings (loss). Unproved Unproved properties consist of costs to acquire undeveloped leases as well as costs to acquire unproved reserves. Undeveloped lease costs and unproved reserve acquisitions are capitalized, and individually insignificant unproved properties are amortized on a composite basis, based on past success, past experience and average lease-term lives. The Company evaluates significant unproved properties for impairment based on remaining lease term, drilling results, reservoir performance, seismic interpretation or future plans to develop acreage. When successful wells are drilled on undeveloped leaseholds, unproved property costs are reclassified as proved properties and depleted on a unit-of- production basis. Impairment expense for unproved properties is reported in exploration and impairment expense. Exploratory Geological and geophysical costs, including exploratory seismic studies, and the costs of carrying and retaining unproved acreage are expensed as incurred. Costs of seismic studies that are utilized in development drilling within an area of proved reserves are capitalized as development costs. Amounts of seismic costs capitalized are based on only those blocks of data used in determining development well locations. To the extent that a seismic project covers areas of both developmental and exploratory drilling, those seismic costs are proportionately allocated between development costs and exploration expense. Costs of drilling exploratory wells are initially capitalized, pending determination of whether the well contains proved reserves. If an exploratory well does not contain proved reserves, the costs of drilling the well and other associated costs are charged to expense. Costs incurred for exploratory wells that contain reserves, which cannot yet be classified as proved, continue to be capitalized if (a) the well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify completion as a producing well, and (b) the Company is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. If either condition is not met, or if the Company obtains information that raises substantial doubt about the economic or operational viability of the project, the exploratory well costs, net of any salvage value, are expensed. Property, Plant and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using straight-line methods over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Expenditures for renewals and betterments which increase the estimated useful life or capacity of the asset are capitalized; expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed when incurred. Asset Impairment Proved crude oil and natural gas properties are reviewed for impairment on a field-by-field basis each quarter, or when events and circumstances indicate a possible decline in the recoverability of the carrying value of such field. The estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected in connection with the field are compared to the carrying amount of the field to determine if the carrying amount is recoverable. If the carrying amount of the field exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the carrying amount of the field is reduced to its estimated fair value. Due to the unavailability of relevant comparable market data, a discounted cash flow method is used to determine the fair value of proved properties. The discounted cash flow method utilizes the most recent third party reserve estimation report and estimates future cash flows based on management's estimates of future crude oil and natural gas production, commodity prices based on commodity futures price strips, operating and development costs, and a risk-adjusted discount rate. The Company recognized impairment expense of $116,303 during the year ended December 31, 2016, while expense of $154,776 was recorded in 2015. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization Depreciation, depletion and amortization of capitalized drilling and development costs of producing crude oil and natural gas properties, including related support equipment and facilities, are computed using the unit-of-production method on a field basis based on total estimated proved developed crude oil and natural gas reserves. Amortization of producing leaseholds is based on the unit-of-production method using total estimated proved reserves. In arriving at rates under the unit-of-production method, the quantities of recoverable crude oil and natural gas reserves are established based on estimates made by the Company and external independent reserve engineers. Upon sale or retirement of properties, the cost and related accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization are eliminated from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognized. Unit of production rates are revised whenever there is an indication of a need, but at least in conjunction with annual reserve reports. Revisions are accounted for prospectively as changes in accounting estimates. Depletion expense for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $59,262, and expense of $9,898 was recorded in 2015. Prepaid Drilling Costs Prepaid drilling costs consist of cash payments made by the Company to the operators of oil and gas properties and other third party service providers. Drilling Advances—related party The Company's drilling advances consist of cash provided to the Company from its joint interest partners for planned drilling activities. Advances are applied against the joint interest partner's share of expenses incurred. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, drilling advances totaled $234,452 and $nil, respectively. Income Taxes The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to be recovered. The Company provides a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for which it does not consider realization of such assets to be more likely than not. Asset Retirement Obligation Asset retirement obligations associated with tangible long-lived assets are accounted for in accordance with ASC 410, "Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations." The estimated fair value of the future costs associated with dismantlement, abandonment and restoration of crude oil and natural gas properties is recorded generally upon the completion of a well. The net estimated costs are discounted to present values using a risk adjusted rate over the estimated economic life of the crude oil and natural gas properties. Such costs are capitalized as part of the related asset. The asset is depleted on the units-of-production method. The liability is periodically adjusted to reflect: (1) new liabilities incurred; (2) liabilities settled during the period; (3) accretion expense; and (4) revisions to estimated future cash flow requirements. The accretion expense is recorded as a component of depreciation, depletion, accretion and amortization expense in the accompanying statements of operations. Share Based Compensation The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair-value of stock-based awards in accordance with ASC 718, "Compensation." The option-pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the option's expected life, the price volatility of the underlying stock, and the estimated dividend yield of the underlying stock. The Company's expected term represents the period that stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding and is determined based on the contractual terms of the stock-based awards, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior as influenced by changes to the terms of its stock-based awards. As there was insufficient historical data available to ascertain a forfeiture rate, the plain vanilla method was applied in calculating the expected term of the options. The Company's common stock has limited historical trading data, and as a result the expected stock price volatility is based on the historical volatility of a group of publicly traded companies that share similar operating metrics and histories. The Company has never paid dividends on its common stock and does not intend to do so in the foreseeable future, and as such, the expected dividend yield is zero. Loans and Borrowings Borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, net of financing costs incurred, and subsequently measured at amortized cost. Any difference between the amounts originally received and the redemption value of the debt is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations over the period to maturity using the effective interest method. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value accounting, as prescribed in ASC Section 825, utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below: Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities; Level 2 Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and Level 3 Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity). Going Concern Assessment Pursuant to ASU 2014-15, the Company has assessed its ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year from the date of the issuance of these financial statements. Substantial doubt about an entity's ability to continue as a going concern exists when relevant conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, indicate that it is probable that the entity will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due within one year from the financial statement issuance date. As shown in the accompanying financial statements, the Company incurred a net loss of $4,479,052 during the year ended December 31, 2016, and as of that date, the Company's current liabilities exceeded its current assets by $6,115,501. Management has evaluated these conditions and determined that a reduction in the working capital deficit subsequent to December 31, 2016 related to a private placement (Note 6) and an extension and amendment to the Company's supplemental line of credit (Note 6), coupled with anticipated increased revenues from the Company's non-operated and operated properties, will allow the Company to meet its maturing debt and interest obligations and continue as a going concern through March 31, 2018. As part of the analysis, the Company considered selective participation in certain non-operated drilling programs based on availability of working capital and the timing of production related cash flows. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Standards Adopted in 2016 Debt Issuance Costs —In April 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance which changes the presentation of debt issuance costs in the financial statements. Under this updated guidance, debt issuance costs are presented on the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. Amortization of the costs is reported as interest expense. In August 2015, the FASB subsequently issued a clarification as to the handling of debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements that allows the presentation of these costs as an asset. The standards update was effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company adopted this standards update, as required, effective January 1, 2016. The adoption of this standards update did not affect the Company's method of amortizing debt issuance costs and did not have a material impact on its financial statements. Measurement-Period Adjustments —In September 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance that eliminates the requirement to restate prior periods to reflect adjustments made to provisional amounts recognized in a business combination. The updated guidance requires that an acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. The standards update was effective prospectively for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard update, as required, effective January 1, 2016, which did not have a material impact on its financial statements. Stock Compensation —In March 2016, the FASB issued updated guidance on share-based payment accounting. The standards update is intended to simplify several areas of accounting for share-based compensation arrangements, including the income tax impact, classification on the statement of cash flows and forfeitures. The standards update is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early-adopt this standards update as of April 1, 2016 in connection with its initial grant of awards under the Company's 2015 Equity Incentive Plan. The Company has elected to record the impact of forfeitures on compensation cost as they occur. The Company is also permitted to withhold income taxes upon settlement of equity-classified awards at up to the maximum statutory tax rates. There was no retrospective adjustment as the Company did not have any forfeitures nor settlements outstanding equity awards prior to adoption. Going Concern Analysis —In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, "Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40)." The new guidance addresses management's responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity's ability to continue as a going concern and in certain circumstances to provide related footnote disclosures. The standard is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016 and for annual and interim periods thereafter. The Company adopted this standard as required, which did not have a material impact on its financial statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted Various accounting standards and interpretations were issued in 2016 with effective dates subsequent to December 31, 2016. The Company has evaluated the recently issued accounting pronouncements that are effective in 2016 and believe that none of them will have a material effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows when adopted. In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers." The standard requires an entity to recognize revenue in a manner that depicts the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU No. 2014-09 will supersede most of the existing revenue recognition requirements in US GAAP when it becomes effective and is required to be adopted using one of two retrospective application methods. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers—Deferral of the Effective Date," which approved a one year deferral of ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted as of the original effective date for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the method of adoption and impact this standard will have on its financial statements and related disclosures. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The standard requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases on the balance sheet. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The new guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The amendments should be applied at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach with earlier application permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its financial statements. Further, the Company is monitoring the joint standard-setting efforts of the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board. There are a large number of pending accounting standards that are being targeted for completion in 2017 and beyond, including, but not limited to, standards relating to revenue recognition, accounting for leases, fair value measurements, accounting for financial instruments, disclosure of loss contingencies and financial statement presentation. Because these pending standards have not yet been finalized, at this time the Company is not able to determine the potential future impact that these standards will have, if any, on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. |