Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies The Company prepares its interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. A complete listing of the Company’s significant accounting policies is included in the 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. All dollar amounts, except per share data in the text and tables herein, are stated in thousands unless otherwise indicated. Retroactive Adjustments for Common Stock Split The Company's Board of Directors and stockholders approved a 175.194 for 1 stock split of the Company's common stock on February 1, 2018. All common share and common per share amounts in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been retroactively adjusted for all periods presented to give effect to this stock split. See Notes 8, 9 and 10. Principles of Consolidation The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly‑owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The Company evaluates entities in which it invests and investment funds that it sponsors to determine whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in these entities and is required to consolidate them. A controlling financial interest generally exists if 1) the Company holds greater than 50% voting interest in entities controlled through voting interests or if 2) the Company has the ability to direct significant activities of a fund not controlled through voting interests (a variable interest entity or VIE) and the obligation to absorb losses of and/or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company's involvement with non‑consolidated sponsored investment funds that are considered VIEs include providing investment advisory services, fund administration, distribution and compliance services and/or holding a minority interest. At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company's investments in and maximum risk of loss related to unconsolidated sponsored VIE investment funds totaled $11.9 million and $10.9 million respectively which are included in investments on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company has not provided financial support to these entities outside the ordinary course of business, which includes assuming operating expenses of funds for competitive or contractual reasons through fee waivers and fund expense reimbursements. The Company does not consolidate the sponsored investment funds in which it had an equity investment as it holds a minority interest, does not direct significant activities of these funds and does not have the right to receive benefits nor the obligation to absorb losses that could potentially be significant to these funds. During the period ended March 31, 2018, the Company's involvement with other non‑consolidated VIEs included an equity method investment and put and call option arrangements with Cerebellum Capital, LLC (“Cerebellum Capital”). The Company's maximum risk of loss associated with Cerebellum Capital totaled $6.0 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, which includes the $6.0 million investment at March 31, 2018 and as of December 31, 2017, $5.0 million investment and $1.0 million exposure under the put option for the purchase of additional equity. See Note 11. The Company applies the equity method of accounting to investments where it does not hold a controlling equity interest but has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial matters. In the event that management identifies an other than temporary decline in the estimated fair value of an equity method investment to an amount below its carrying value, the investment is written down to its estimated fair value. Use of Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Actual results may ultimately differ from those estimates and the differences may be material. Restructuring and Integration Costs In connection with business combinations, asset purchases and changes in business strategy, the Company incurs costs integrating investment platforms, products and personnel into existing systems, processes and service provider arrangements and restructuring the business to capture operating expense synergies. These costs include severance‑related expenses related to one‑time benefit arrangements and contract termination costs. Contract termination liabilities are recorded for contract termination costs when the Company terminates a contract or stops using the product or service covered by the contract. Contract termination liabilities are recognized and measured at fair value. Contract termination costs are recorded in restructuring and integration costs on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. A rollforward of restructuring and integration liabilities for the periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 appears below. Quarter ended March 31 , (in millions) 2018 2017 Liability balance, beginning of period $ 0.1 $ 7.4 Severance expense RS Investment Management Co. — 0.3 Other 0.3 — Contract termination expense RS Investment Management Co. — 0.7 Integration costs — 0.1 Restructuring and integration costs 0.3 1.1 Settlement of liabilities (0.2) (2.4) Liability balance, end of period $ 0.2 $ 6.1 Accrued expenses $ 0.2 $ 5.7 Other liabilities — 0.4 Liability balance, end of period $ 0.2 $ 6.1 Earnings per share The calculation of basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of shares of the Company's common stock, Class A common stock and Class B common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is similar to basic earnings per share, but adjusts for the dilutive effect of the potential issuance of incremental shares of all classes of the Company's common stock. The Company had vested and unvested stock options and unvested restricted stock grants outstanding during the periods presented and applies the treasury stock method to these securities in its calculation of diluted earnings per share. The treasury stock method assumes that the proceeds of exercise are used to purchase common stock at the average market price for the period. The Company does not have any participating securities that would require the use of the two‑class method of computing earnings per share. Debt Modification Gains and losses on debt modifications that are considered extinguishments are recognized in current earnings. Debt modifications that are not considered extinguishments are accounted for prospectively through yield adjustments, based on the revised terms. Legal fees and other costs incurred with third parties that are directly related to debt modifications are expensed as incurred and included in general and administrative expense on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The analysis as to whether a modification of debt is an extinguishment or modification is performed on a creditor‑by‑creditor basis. Accounting policies updated for ASU 2014-09 guidance The Company’s introducing broker-dealer VCA adopted ASU 2014-09 on January 1, 2018 and updated the following policies. (a) Prepaid C Share Commissions VCA may pay upfront sales commissions to dealers and institutions that sell Class C shares of the participating Victory Funds at the time of such sale. Upfront sales commission payments with respect to Class C shares equal 1.00% of the purchase price of the Class C shares sold by the dealer or institution. When VCA makes an upfront payment to a dealer or institution for the sale of Class C shares, VCA capitalizes the cost of such payment, which is recorded in prepaid expenses on the unaudited condensed balance sheets, and amortizes the cost over a 12 month period, the estimated period of benefit. Deferred sales commission amortization expense was $0.2 million and $0.3 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and was included in distribution and other asset-based expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. (b) Revenue Recognition VCA receives compensation for sales and sales-related services promised under distribution contracts with the Victory Funds. There are no direct costs incurred to obtain these contracts. Direct costs incurred to fulfill services under the distribution contracts include sales commissions paid to third party dealers for the sale of Class C Shares. Revenue is measured in an amount that reflects the consideration to which VCA expects to be entitled in exchange for providing distribution services. Distribution fees are generally calculated as a percentage of average net assets in the Victory Funds. VCA’s performance obligation is satisfied when control of the services is transferred to customers, which is upon investor subscription or redemption. Based on the nature of the calculation, the revenue for these services is accounted for as variable consideration, and is subject to factors outside of VCA’s control including investor behavior and activity and market volatility and is recognized as these uncertainties are resolved. VCA may recognize distribution fee revenue in the current period that pertains to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods, as it represents variable consideration and is recognized as uncertainties are resolved. VCA has contractual arrangements with third parties to provide certain distribution services. Management considers whether VCA is acting as the principal service provider or as an agent to determine whether its revenue should be recorded based on the gross amount payable by the Victory Funds or net of payments to third-party service providers, respectively. VCA is considered a principal service provider if it controls the service that is transferred to the customer. VCA is considered an agent when it arranges for the service to be provided by another party and does not control the service. Substantially all of VCA’s revenue is recorded gross of payments made to third parties. VCA’s distribution fee revenue, which is earned from mutual funds domiciled in the U.S., totaled $10.1 million and $11.2 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and is recorded in fund administration and distribution fees on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Adoption of New Accounting Standards ASU 2016-09 was issued by the FASB in March 2016 to reduce the cost and complexity of reporting on employee share based payments and to address the tax reporting, forfeitures, and expected term related to equity awards. ASU 2016-09 eliminates the requirement that excess tax benefits be realized through a reduction in income taxes payable before the benefits can be recognized. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 on January 1, 2018 using a modified retrospective transition method. A one-time credit to retained earnings of $1.3 million was recorded as the cumulative-effect adjustment for excess tax benefits not previously recognized and to adjust compensation cost on equity awards outstanding at January 1, 2018 as if the Company had previously accounted for forfeitures as they occurred. With the adoption of ASU 2016-09, the Company now recognizes the income tax effects of stock-based compensation in income tax expense, which may cause significant fluctuations in the reported amount of income tax expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operation and the effective tax rate as restricted shares vest and stock options are exercised. In addition, upon adoption of ASU 2016-09, the Company made the election to account for forfeitures of equity awards as they occur. The Company elected to adopt the amendment related to the cash flow presentation of excess tax benefits prospectively and prior periods have not been adjusted. ASU 2017-09 was issued by the FASB in May 2017 to clarify when changes in the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award qualify for accounting treatment as a modification. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09 on January 1, 2018 and will apply the new guidance prospectively to awards modified after January 1, 2018. The adoption had no significant impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the period ended March 31, 2018. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014‑09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, to clarify the principles of recognizing revenue from contracts with customers and to improve financial reporting by creating common revenue recognition guidance for GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. This ASU will supersede existing revenue recognition guidance and require the following steps when recognizing revenue under ASU 2014‑09: 1) identify the contract with the customer 2) identify performance obligations in the contract 3) determine the transaction price 4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and 5) recognize revenue when or as the entity satisfies the performance obligation. This ASU also requires additional disclosures related to the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. An entity may apply the new guidance by using one of two methods 1) retrospective application to each prior reporting period presented or 2) a modified retrospective approach, requiring the standard be applied only to the most current period presented, with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application. ASU 2014‑09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period, for non‑emerging growth companies, and for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period, for the Company. The Company's introducing broker-dealer VCA adopted ASU 2014-09 effective January 1, 2018. VCA receives compensation for sales and sales-related services promised under distribution contracts with the Victory Funds. There are no direct costs incurred to obtain these contracts. Direct costs incurred to fulfill services under the distribution contracts include sales commissions paid to third party dealers for the sale of Class C Shares. There was no change to how VCA records revenue from contracts with customers and accounts for costs incurred to fulfill services under distribution contracts from adoption of ASU 2014-09. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of other revenue and related direct costs on its financial statements. In early 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016‑01. This update requires equity securities to be measured at fair value and changes in the fair value of equity securities to be recognized in net income. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 for non‑emerging growth companies and for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2018 for the Company. Management does not expect the adoption of the standard to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016‑02 on leases. The new guidance requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheets. Expense will be recognized in the income statement in a manner that is similar to today's accounting. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 for non‑emerging growth companies and for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 for the Company. The Company is in the process of analyzing how the new rules will impact financial reporting. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016‑15. The update provides guidance on certain cash flow statement classifications that were previously unclear or lacked specific guidance. The classifications addressed in the update include debt extinguishment costs, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, and distributions received from equity method investees. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 for non‑emerging growth companies and for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 for the Company. The Company is in the process of analyzing how the new rules will impact financial reporting. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04 simplifying the test for goodwill impairment. The standard eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the amended guidance, an entity will perform its goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity will recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, but the loss cannot exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The new guidance is effective for the Company's fiscal year that begins after December 15, 2020 and requires a prospective approach to adoption. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests. Upon adoption, the new guidance will impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures only in the event there is goodwill impairment. On February 14, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02 permitting companies to reclassify tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a result of tax reform to retained earnings. The guidance is effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. Management does not expect the adoption to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. On March 13, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-05 incorporating guidance from SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 118 into Accounting Standards Codification 740 on income taxes. SAB 118 addresses situations where companies are not able to complete their accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) in the period of enactment. See Note 6 for more information on the Company’s accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Act. |