| Business Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | : Overview Description of Business. Science Applications International Corporation (collectively, with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company”) is a leading provider of technical, engineering and enterprise information technology ("IT") services primarily to the U.S. government. The Company integrates emerging technology securely and in real-time into mission critical operations that modernize and enable national imperatives. The Company provides these services for large, complex projects with a targeted emphasis on higher-end, differentiated technology services and solutions that accelerate and transform secure and resilient digital environments through system development, modernization, integration, and sustainment to drive enterprise and mission outcomes. The Company is organized as a matrix comprised of two customer facing operating sectors supported by the enterprise organizations, including the Innovation Factory. The Company's Innovation Factory develops superior enterprise-class solutions which are delivered to the Company's customers as stand-alone solutions or integrated with and aligned to its product offerings to meet complex customer needs and accelerate digital transformation. The Innovation Factory includes designated teams focused on Artificial Intelligence ("AI"), application development, network services, platforms and cloud, and cyber. It uses a highly automated, cloud-hosted tool set to rapidly build, test and deploy solutions quickly and works with customers to enhance solutions going forward. The Company's operating sectors are aggregated into one reportable segment for financial reporting purposes. See Note 17—Business Segment Information for additional information. Effective February 3, 2024, the first day of fiscal 2025, the Company completed a business reorganization which replaced its current two operating sectors with five customer facing business groups supported by the enterprise organizations, including the Innovation Factory. The reorganization is designed to enhance management's involvement with customers and advance the Company’s innovation and go-to-market strategy. The new business group leaders will report directly to the Company's Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") who will continue to be the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"). The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the reorganization on its segment reporting. Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation References to “financial statements” refer to the consolidated financial statements of the Company, which include the statements of income and comprehensive income, balance sheets, statements of equity and statements of cash flows. These financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). All intercompany transactions and account balances within the Company have been eliminated. Certain amounts in the prior year financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Interest income was reclassified from "Other expense (income), net" to "Interest expense, net" on the consolidated statements of income and gains on divestitures, net of transaction costs were reclassified from "Other operating income" to "Gain on divestitures, net of transaction costs" on the consolidated statements of income. "Deferred income taxes" for the prior year was reclassified from "Other assets" to its own line item on the consolidated balance sheets. Non-controlling Interest. On February 4, 2023, the Company sold 0.1% of its 50.1% majority ownership interest in Forfeiture Support Associates J.V. ("FSA") to its sole joint venture partner for a nominal amount. As a result of the sale and amendment to the joint venture operating agreement of FSA, the Company no longer controls the joint venture and accounts for its retained interest as an equity method investment as of the date of the transaction. Prior to February 4, 2023, the Company held a 50.1% majority interest in FSA. For fiscal 2023 and 2022, the results of operations of FSA were included in the Company's consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income and statements of cash flows. As of February 3, 2023, the non-controlling interest reported on the consolidated balance sheet represents the portion of FSA’s equity that is attributable to the non-controlling interest. Use of Estimates The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingencies at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates inherent in the preparation of the financial statements may include, but are not limited to, estimated profitability of long-term contracts, income taxes, fair value measurements, fair value of goodwill and other intangible assets, pension and defined benefit plan obligations, and contingencies. Estimates have been prepared by management on the basis of the most current and best available information at the time of estimation and actual results could differ from those estimates. Reporting Periods The Company utilizes a 52/53 week fiscal year ending on the Friday closest to January 31, with fiscal quarters typically consisting of 13 weeks. Fiscal 2024 began on February 4, 2023 and ended on February 2, 2024, fiscal 2023 began on January 29, 2022 and ended on February 3, 2023, and fiscal 2022 began on January 30, 2021 and ended on January 28, 2022. Fiscal 2024 consisted of 52 weeks, while fiscal 2023 and 2022 consisted of 53 weeks and 52 weeks, respectively. Revenue Recognition The Company provides technical, engineering and enterprise IT services under long-term service arrangements primarily with the U.S. government, including subcontracts with other contractors engaged in work for the U.S. government. The Company also serves a number of state and local governments, foreign governments and U.S. commercial customers. The Company provides services under various contract types, including fixed price contracts such as firm-fixed price ("FFP"), time-and-materials ("T&M") contracts including fixed-price-level-of-effort contracts, and cost reimbursement contracts such as cost-plus-fixed-fee, cost-plus-award-fee and cost-plus-incentive-fee contracts. The Company's service arrangements typically involve an annual base period of performance followed by renewal option periods that upon exercise are generally accounted for as separate contracts. To determine the proper revenue recognition, the Company first evaluates whether there is a duly approved and enforceable contract with a customer, in which rights of parties and payment terms are identified and collectability is probable. The Company also evaluates whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as a single contract and whether modifications to existing contracts should be accounted for as part of the original contract or as a separate contract. Contract modifications that create new enforceable rights and obligations are accounted for prospectively. Contract modifications that do not add distinct goods or services are accounted for through cumulative catch-up adjustments. Contract modifications that add distinct goods or services and increase the contract value by an amount that reflects the standalone selling price are accounted for as separate contracts. The Company recognizes revenue when, or as, performance obligations under a contract are satisfied. A performance obligation is the unit of account for revenue recognition and refers to a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct service or good to the customer. The majority of the Company’s contracts contain a single performance obligation involving a significant integration of various activities that are performed together to deliver a combined service or solution. Performance obligations may be satisfied over time or at a point in time, but the majority of the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied over time. The Company selects the appropriate measure of progress for revenue recognition based on the nature of the performance obligation, contract type and other pertinent contract terms. Performance obligations satisfied over time may involve a series of recurring services, such as network operations and maintenance, operation and program support services, IT outsourcing services, and other IT arrangements where the Company is standing ready to provide support, when-and-if needed. Such performance obligations are satisfied over time because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the Company's performance as services are provided. Alternatively, performance obligations satisfied over time may involve the completion of a contract deliverable. Examples include systems integration, network engineering, network design, and engineering and build services. Deliverable-based performance obligations are satisfied over time when the Company’s performance creates or enhances an asset that is controlled by the customer, or when the Company’s performance creates an asset that is customized to the customer’s specifications and the Company has a right to payment, including a reasonable profit margin, for work performed to date. For series-services performance obligations, the Company measures progress using either a cost input measure (cost-to-cost), a time-elapsed output measure, or the as-invoiced practical expedient. A cost input measure or the as-invoiced practical expedient typically is applied to the Company’s cost-reimbursable contracts. Revenue is recognized based on the ratio of costs incurred to total estimated costs at completion. Award or incentive fees are allocated to the distinct periods to which they relate. For fixed-price contracts, a time-elapsed output measure is applied to fixed consideration, such that revenue is recognized ratably over the period of performance. Where fixed-price contracts also provide for reimbursement of certain costs, such as travel or other direct costs, consideration may be attributed only to a distinct subset of time within the performance period. The Company’s time-and-material and fixed price-level of effort contracts generally qualify for the as-invoiced practical expedient. Revenue on these contracts is recognized in the amount to which the Company has a contractual right to invoice. For deliverable-based performance obligations satisfied over time, the Company recognizes revenue using a cost input measure of progress (cost-to-cost), regardless of contract type. Revenue is recognized based on the ratio of costs incurred to total estimated costs at completion. The Company may incur costs associated with significant materials or hardware procurements that are not proportionate to the Company’s progress in satisfying its performance obligations. For these contracts, costs are excluded from the measure of progress, and revenue is recognized equal to the costs incurred. For performance obligations in which the Company does not transfer control over time, the Company recognizes revenue at the point-in-time when the customer obtains control of the related asset, usually at the time of shipment or upon delivery. The Company accrues for shipping and handling costs occurring after the point-in-time control transfers to the customer. Recognizing revenue on long-term contracts involves significant estimates and judgments. The transaction price is the estimated amount of consideration the Company expects to receive for performance under the Company's contracts. Contract terms may include variable consideration, such as reimbursable costs, award and incentive fees, usage-based fees, service-level penalties, performance bonuses, or other provisions that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. Variable amounts are generally determined upon the Company's achievement of certain performance metrics, program milestones or cost targets and may be based upon customer discretion. When making estimates, the Company considers the customer, contract terms, the complexity of the work and related risks, the extent of customer discretion, historical experience and the potential of a significant reversal of revenue. The Company includes variable consideration in the transaction price only to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price of each distinct performance obligation within the contract. Since the Company typically provides customized services and solutions that are specific to a single customer’s requirements, standalone selling price is most often estimated based on expected costs plus a reasonable profit margin. Changes in Estimates on Contracts Changes in estimates of revenues, cost of revenues or profits related to performance obligations satisfied over time are recognized in operating income in the period in which such changes are made for the inception-to-date effect of the changes. Changes in these estimates can occur routinely over the performance period for a variety of reasons, which include: changes in scope; changes in cost estimates due to unanticipated cost growth or reassessments of risks impacting costs; changes in the estimated transaction price, such as variable amounts for incentive or award fees; and performance being better or worse than previously estimated. A significant portion of the Company's contracts recognize revenue on performance obligations using a cost input measure (cost-to-cost), which requires estimates of total costs at completion. Estimating costs at completion is complex due to the nature of the services being performed and the length of certain contracts. Contract costs generally include direct costs, such as labor, subcontract costs and materials, and indirect costs identifiable with or allocable to a specific contract. Management must make assumptions regarding the complexity of the work to be performed, the schedule and associated tasks, labor productivity and availability, increases in wages and prices of materials, execution by the Company's subcontractors, overhead cost rates, and other variables. For contracts using a cost input measure, when total expected contract costs exceed total estimated contract revenues, the Company recognizes the total estimated loss in the quarter identified. Total estimated losses are inclusive of any unexercised options that are probable of award, only if they increase the amount of the loss. Contract costs incurred for U.S. government contracts, including indirect costs, are subject to audit and adjustment by the Defense Contract Audit Agency ("DCAA"). Contract Balances The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billing and cash receipts from customers. Amounts are invoiced as work progresses, typically biweekly or monthly in arrears, or upon achievement of contractual milestones. The Company records a contract asset when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing, or a contract liability when cash is received in advance of recognizing revenue. A contract asset is a right to consideration that is conditional upon factors other than the passage of time. Contract assets include unbillable receivables and contract retentions, but exclude billed and billable receivables. Billed and billable receivables are rights to consideration, which are unconditional other than to the passage of time. Contract liabilities include customer advances, billings in excess of revenues and deferred revenue. Contract assets and liabilities are recorded net on a contract-by-contract basis and are generally classified as current based on the Company's contract operating cycle. Deferred revenue attributable to long-term contract material renewal options may be classified as non-current when the option renewal period will not occur within one year of the balance sheet date. Deferred Costs Certain eligible costs, such as costs to obtain and costs to fulfill the Company's service contracts, are capitalized when the costs relate directly to the contract, are expected to be recovered, and generate or enhance resources to be used in satisfying the performance obligation. These costs primarily consist of commissions, transition and set-up costs. Capitalized costs to obtain and fulfill a contract are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit, which generally includes the contract base period and anticipated renewals. The Company performs periodic reviews to assess the recoverability of deferred contract transition and setup costs. The carrying amount of the asset is compared to the remaining amount of consideration the Company expects to receive for the services to which the asset relates, less the costs that relate directly to providing those services that have not yet been recognized. If the carrying amount is not recoverable, an impairment loss is recognized. Pre-contract costs are deferred when eligible costs are incurred prior to the start of a contract and it is probable the costs will be recovered upon contract issuance. Pre-contract costs are expensed when the contract is executed. Prepaid contract costs may be incurred for certain customer contracts to secure the use of assets or the receipt of services at a future date or over a period of time. For contracts using the as-invoiced practical expedient or a time-elapsed revenue recognition measure, prepaid contract costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit. Costs Allocated to Contracts The Company classifies indirect costs as overhead (included in cost of revenues) or general and administrative expenses in the same manner as such costs are defined in the Company’s Disclosure Statements under U.S. government Cost Accounting Standards ("CAS"). Stock-based Compensation The Company issues stock-based awards as compensation to employees and directors. Stock-based awards include stock options, vesting stock awards and performance share awards. These awards are accounted for as equity awards. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, on a straight-line basis over the underlying award’s requisite service period, as measured using the award’s grant date fair value. For performance share awards, the Company reassesses the probability of achieving the performance conditions at each reporting period end and adjusts compensation expense based on the number of shares the Company expects to ultimately vest. Under the Company's stock-based compensation arrangements, upon vesting, shares are often withheld from the award for the purposes of satisfying statutory withholding tax obligations. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method of accounting, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Under this method, changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in income in the period such changes are enacted. The provision for federal, state, local and foreign income taxes is calculated on income before income taxes based on current tax law and includes the cumulative effect of any changes in tax rates from those used previously in determining deferred tax assets and liabilities. Such provision differs from the amounts currently payable because certain items of income and expense are recognized in different reporting periods for financial reporting purposes than for income tax purposes. Recording the provision for income taxes requires management to make significant judgments and estimates for matters for which the ultimate resolution may not become known until the final resolution of an examination by taxing authorities or the statute of limitations lapses. Additionally, recording liabilities for uncertainty in income taxes involves significant judgment in evaluating the Company’s tax positions and developing the best estimate of the taxes ultimately expected to be paid. Tax penalties and interest are included in income tax expense. The Company has also recognized liabilities for uncertainty in income taxes when it is more likely than not that a tax position will not be sustained on examination and settlement with various taxing authorities. The Company records the largest amount of benefit that is more likely than not to be realized when the tax position is settled. To the extent the Company prevail in matters for which accruals have been established or are required to pay amounts in excess of reserves, the Company's effective tax rate in a given financial period may be materially impacted. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are netted by taxable jurisdiction and classified as noncurrent on the consolidated balance sheets. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of cash in banks and highly liquid instruments, which primarily consist of bank deposits and investments in institutional money market funds. The Company includes outstanding payments within "Cash and cash equivalents" and "Accounts payable" on the consolidated balance sheets and as of February 2, 2024 and February 3, 2023 these amounts were $26 million and $49 million, respectively. The Company does not invest in high yield or high risk securities. The cash in bank accounts at times may exceed federally insured limits. Restricted cash includes cash amounts held that are contractually restricted from use in operations, but are subject to future claims of creditors. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to amounts reported within the consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented: February 2, 2024 February 3, 2023 (in millions) Cash and cash equivalents $ 94 $ 109 Restricted cash included in other current assets 4 5 Restricted cash included in other assets 5 4 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 103 $ 118 Receivables Receivables include billed and billable receivables, and unbilled receivables. The Company’s receivables are primarily due from the U.S. government, or from prime contractors on which we are subcontractors and the end customer is the U.S. government, and are generally considered collectable from the perspective of the customer’s ability to pay. The Company does not have a material credit risk exposure. Unbilled receivables, substantially all of which are expected to be billed and collected within one year, are stated at their estimated realizable value and consist of costs and fees billable on contract completion or the occurrence of a specified event, other than the passage of time. Legal title to the related accumulated costs of contracts in progress generally vests with the U.S. government on the Company’s receipt of progress payments. Progress payments received of $90 million and $42 million offset unbilled receivables as of February 2, 2024 and February 3, 2023, respectively. Contract retentions are billed when contract conditions have been met and may relate to uncompleted indirect cost negotiations with the U.S. government. Based on historical experience, the majority of retention balances are expected to be collected beyond one year. Retention is presented in "Other assets" on the consolidated balance sheets, see Note 3—Revenues. Write-offs of retention balances have not been significant. Receivable balances are written-off in the period during which management determines they are uncollectable, and, at that time, such balances are removed from billed receivables and, if previously reserved, from the allowance. Inventories Inventory is substantially comprised of finished goods and is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, generally using the average cost method. The Company evaluates current inventory against historical and planned usage to estimate the appropriate provision for obsolete inventory. Business Combinations The Company records all tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination at fair value as of the acquisition date, which is determined using a cost, market or income approach. The excess amount of the aggregated purchase consideration paid over the fair value of the net of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Acquisition date fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as measured on the acquisition date. The valuations are based on information that existed as of the acquisition date. During the measurement period that shall not exceed one year from the acquisition date, the Company may adjust provisional amounts recorded for assets acquired and liabilities assumed to reflect new information that the Company has subsequently obtained regarding facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. Acquisition and Integration Costs Acquisition-related costs that are not part of the purchase price consideration are generally expensed as incurred, except for certain costs that are deferred in connection with the issuance of debt. These costs typically include transaction-related costs, such as finder’s fees, legal, accounting and other professional costs. Integration-related costs represent costs directly related to combining the Company and its acquired businesses. Integration-related costs typically include strategic consulting services, facility consolidation, employee related costs, such as retention and severance, costs to integrate information technology infrastructure, enterprise planning systems, processes, and other non-recurring integration-related costs. Acquisition and integration costs are presented together as "Acquisition and integration costs" on the consolidated statements of income. The amounts recognized in "Acquisition and integration costs" on the consolidated statements of income are as follows: Year Ended February 2, February 3, January 28, (in millions) Acquisition (1) $ — $ (2) $ 3 Integration (2) 1 15 53 Total acquisition and integration costs $ 1 $ 13 $ 56 (1) Acquisition costs in fiscal 2023 reflect adjustments to the fair value of the Koverse earnout liability. Acquisition costs recognized for fiscal 2022 were related to the acquisitions of Halfaker and Associates, LLC ("Halfaker") and Koverse. See Note 4—Acquisitions for additional information. (2) Integration costs include $17 million for the impairment of assets for fiscal 2022. See Note 6—Restructuring and Impairment for additional information. Restructuring Costs The Company periodically initiates restructuring activities to support business strategies, realign resources, and enhance its operational efficiency. Restructuring costs may include severance and other employee related termination costs, costs associated with consolidating or closing facilities and consulting costs. One-time involuntary employee termination benefits are recognized as a liability and measured at fair value when the plan of termination has been communicated to employees and certain other criteria are met. Ongoing employee termination benefit arrangements are recognized as a liability and measured at fair value when it is probable that amounts will be paid and such amounts are reasonably estimable. Other employee related termination costs include the impact of accelerated stock compensation expense for terminated employees that have a reduction in the requisite service period for their stock-based awards. Costs to consolidate or close facilities primarily include lease obligation charges for exited facilities, including the impact of accelerated lease expense for right of use assets and accelerated depreciation expense for leasehold improvements with reductions in their estimated useful lives due to exited facilities. Leases The Company occupies most of its facilities under operating leases. Certain equipment is also leased under short-term or cancelable operating leases. The Company recognizes a right of use ("ROU") asset and a lease liability upon the commencement of its operating leases. The initial lease liability is equal to the future fixed minimum lease payments discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate on a secured basis. The lease term includes option renewal periods and early termination payments when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise those rights. The initial measurement of the ROU asset is equal to the initial lease liability plus any initial direct costs and prepayments, less any lease incentives. The Company recognizes lease costs on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term, except for variable lease payments that are expensed in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. For its facility leases, the Company combines and accounts for lease and non-lease components together as a single component. The Company does not recognize lease liabilities and ROU assets for leases with original terms of 12 months or less. ROU assets are evaluated for impairment as a long-lived asset. The Company leases IT equipment and hardware to its customers. All of the Company’s lessor arrangements are operating leases. Operating lease income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and is presented in "Revenues" on the consolidated statements of income. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but rather are tested for potential impairment annually at the beginning of the Company's fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. There were no impairments during the periods presented. The goodwill impairment test is performed at the reporting unit level. In the Company’s qualitative assessment, an evaluation is performed to determine whether it is more likely than not that an impairment exists based on qualitative factors. Qualitative factors include macroeconomic, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, relevant entity-specific events, factors affecting the reporting unit, and share price. The Company may additionally perform a quantitative assessment in which the fair value of the Company’s reporting units are determined using either a market approach, income approach, or a combination of both, which involves the use of estimates and assumptions, including projected future operating results and cash flows, the cost of capital, and financial measures derived from observable market data of comparable public companies. The Company estimates and compares the fair value of each reporting unit to its respective carrying value including goodwill. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, the amount of impairment expense is equal to the difference between the reporting unit’s fair value and the reporting unit’s carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the method that best reflects how their economic benefits are utilized or, if a pattern of economic benefits cannot be reliably determined, on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets with finite lives are assessed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable at the asset group level. Property, Plant, and Equipment Property, plant, and equipment are carried at cost net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Purchases of property, plant, and equipment, as well as costs associated with major renewals and betterments, are capitalized. Maintenance, repairs and minor renewals and betterments are expensed as incurred. When assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed and any resulting gain or loss is recognized. See Note 8—Property, Plant, and Equipment for depreciation and amortization me |
