Collaborations | 8. Collaborations Celgene In April 2012, the Company entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Celgene. On July 8, 2015, the Company entered into an amendment and restatement of the collaboration and license agreement with Celgene. Original Agreement Structure Under the original agreement, the Company granted Celgene an exclusive license, for all countries other than the United States, to small molecule HMT inhibitors targeting the DOT1L HMT, including pinometostat, and an option, on a target-by-target basis, to exclusively license, for all countries other than the United States, rights to small molecule HMT inhibitors targeting any HMT targets, other than the EZH2 HMT, including tazemetostat, and targets covered by the Company’s collaboration and license agreement dated January 8, 2011 with GSK. Under the original agreement, Celgene’s option was exercisable during an option period that would have expired on July 9, 2015. Under the original agreement, the Company received a $65.0 million upfront payment and $25.0 million from the sale of its series C redeemable convertible preferred stock to an affiliate of Celgene, of which $3.0 million was considered a premium and included as collaboration arrangement consideration for a total upfront payment of $68.0 million. In addition, the Company has received a $25.0 million clinical development milestone payment and $7.0 million of global development co-funding through March 31, 2018. The Company was also eligible to receive $35.0 million in an additional clinical development milestone payment and up to $100.0 million in regulatory milestone payments related to DOT1L as well as up to $65.0 million in payments, including a combination of clinical development milestone payments and an option exercise fee for each available target to which Celgene had the right to exercise its option during an initial option period that would have ended in July 2015 but was extended pursuant to the amended and restated agreement as discussed below under “Amended and Restated Agreement Structure” (each a “selected target”), and up to $100.0 million in regulatory milestone payments for each selected target. As to DOT1L and each selected target, the Company retained all product rights in the United States and was eligible to receive royalties for each target at defined percentages ranging from the mid-single digits to the mid-teens on net product sales outside of the United States subject to reduction in specified circumstances. The Company was obligated to conduct and solely fund research and development costs of the Phase 1 clinical trials for pinometostat. For all remaining DOT1L program development costs, Celgene and the Company were to equally co-fund global development and each party was to solely fund territory-specific development costs for its territory. Amended and Restated Agreement Structure Under the amended and restated collaboration and license agreement: • Celgene retained its exclusive license to small molecule HMT inhibitors targeting DOT1L, including pinometostat, • Celgene’s other option rights were narrowed to small molecule HMT inhibitors targeting three predefined targets (the “Option Targets”), • The exclusive licenses to HMT inhibitors targeting two of the Option Targets that Celgene may acquire were expanded to include the United States, with the exclusive license to HMT inhibitors targeting the third Option Target continuing to be for all countries other than the United States, • Celgene’s option period was extended for each of the Option Targets and Celgene’s option is exercisable at the time of the Company’s investigational new drug application, or IND, filing for an HMT inhibitor targeting the applicable Option Target, upon the payment by Celgene at such time of a pre-specified development milestone-based license payment, • Celgene’s license may be maintained beyond the end of Phase 1 clinical development for each of the Option Targets, upon payment by Celgene at such time of a pre-specified development milestone-based license payment, and • The Company’s research and development obligations with respect to each Option Target under the amended and restated agreement were extended for at least an additional three years, subject to Celgene exercising its option with respect to such Option Target at IND filing. Subject to the Company’s opt-out rights, the Company’s research and development obligations were expanded to include the completion of a Phase 1 clinical trial as to each Option Target following Celgene’s exercise of its option at IND filing. Under the amended and restated agreement, the Company received a $10.0 million upfront payment in exchange for the Company’s extension of Celgene’s option rights to the Option Targets and the Company’s research and development obligations. In addition, the Company is eligible to earn an aggregate of up to $75.0 million in development milestones and license payments, up to $365.0 million in regulatory milestone payments and up to $170.0 million in sales milestone payments related to the three Option Targets. The Company is also eligible to receive royalties on each of the Option Targets as specified in the amended and restated agreement. The Company is also eligible to earn $35.0 million in an additional clinical development milestone payment and up to $100.0 million in regulatory milestone payments related to DOT1L. Due to the uncertainty of pharmaceutical development and the high historical failure rates generally associated with drug development, the Company may not receive any additional milestone payments or royalty payments from Celgene. Due to the varying stages of development of each target, the Company is not able to determine the next milestone that might be earned, if any. The amended and restated agreement eliminated the right of first negotiation that the Company had granted to Celgene under the original agreement with respect to business combination transactions that the Company may desire to pursue with third parties. The Company is primarily responsible for the research strategy under the collaboration. During each applicable option period the Company is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to carry out a mutually agreed-upon research plan for each Option Target. Subject to the Company’s opt-out right for the DOT1L target and each of the Option Targets, the Company is required to conduct and solely fund development costs of the Phase 1 clinical trials for HMT inhibitors directed to such targets, including for pinometostat. After the completion of Phase 1 development, as to DOT1L and the Option Target for which the Company retains U.S. rights, Celgene and the Company will equally co-fund global development and each party will solely fund territory-specific development costs for its respective territory; and, as to the other two Option Targets, after the completion of Phase 1 development, Celgene will solely fund all development costs on a worldwide basis. Accounting Considerations of the Amended and Restated Agreement The Company assessed the amended arrangement in accordance with ASC 606 and concluded that the contract counterparty, Celgene, is a customer based on the arrangement structure, through the satisfaction of each target’s performance obligations. As of the amendment, the Company identified the following performance obligations under the arrangement, whether satisfied or not: • an exclusive license to small molecule HMT inhibitors targeting DOT1L, including pinometostat, combined with pre-IND research services for DOT1L; • post-IND research and development services for DOT1L through a Phase 1 clinical trial; • pre-IND research services for each Option Target; and • material rights related to each of Celgene’s options at the time of an IND filing to license HMT inhibitors targeting each Option Target. The Company determined that the DOT1L license and pre-IND research and development activities for DOT1L were not distinct from one another, due to the limited economic benefit that Celgene would derive from the DOT1L license if it did not obtain the research services After IND effectiveness, the Company concluded that the DOT1L license would be distinct apart from any remaining research and development services because Celgene, or other market participants, would have the ability to execute human clinical trials on the identified compound. Accordingly, the DOT1L license and pre-IND research services for DOT1L were accounted for as a combined performance obligation. The post-IND research and development services for DOT1L have been accounted for as a separate performance obligation. The pre-IND research services for each Option Target were the only performance obligations not subject to the exercise of a customer option at the time of the amendment for each Option Target and therefore represent three separate performance obligations (one for each Option Target). The Company evaluated the option rights at the time of an IND filing to determine whether they provide Celgene with material rights. The Company concluded that the options were issued at a discount, and therefore provide material rights. As such, the option rights at the time of an IND filing for each Option Target represent three separate performance obligations (one for each Option Target) as of the amendment of the arrangement. The license to each HMT inhibitor targeting each respective Option Target, the Company’s research and development obligations through the completion of a Phase 1 clinical trial for each Option Target, and the option to maintain the license beyond the end of Phase 1 clinical development for each Option Target are all subject to Celgene’s exercise of the option rights at the time of an IND filing and, therefore, are not considered performance obligations as of the amendment. Under the agreement, the Company determined that the total transaction price was $103.0 million as of the amendment of the arrangement, comprised the following: • $68.0 million total upfront payment received under the original agreement, as described above; • $25.0 million clinical development milestone payment for DOT1L; and • $10.0 million upfront payment under the amended and restated agreement. The option exercise fees of $75.0 million in the aggregate, for the options at the time of IND and completion of Phase 1, that may be received are excluded from the transaction price until each customer option is exercised. The future potential milestone payments were excluded from the transaction price, as all milestone amounts were fully constrained. The Company will reevaluate the transaction price at the end of each reporting period and as uncertain events are resolved or other changes in circumstances occur, and, if necessary, adjust its estimate of the transaction price. The transaction price was allocated to the performance obligations based on the estimated stand-alone selling prices at the time of the amendment. For the DOT1L performance obligation that includes the license and pre-IND research services, the stand-alone selling price was determined considering the stage and status of the program and the technology involved and the level of development expected, as well as the expected cost and margin for the research services. For the post-IND research and development services for DOT1L and the pre-IND research services for each Option Target, the stand-alone selling price was determined considering the expected cost and a reasonable margin for the respective services. The material rights from the option rights at the time of an IND filing for each Option Target were valued based on the estimated discount at which the option is priced and the Company’s estimated probability of the options’ exercise as of the time of the amendment. The Company believes that a change in the assumptions used to determine its stand-alone selling price for the performance obligations most likely would not have a significant effect on the allocation of consideration received (or receivable) to the performance obligations that were not satisfied as of the adoption of ASC 606. The Company allocated the following amounts of the total transaction price to the performance obligations as of the amendment date: • $65.1 million, including the $25.0 million clinical development milestone payment for DOT1L, to the two DOT1L performance obligations, which were satisfied prior to the ASC 606 adoption date; • $34.1 million to the three Pre-IND research services performance obligations related to the Option Targets, which were substantially satisfied as of the ASC 606 adoption date; and • $3.8 million to the three material rights related to Celgene’s option rights at the time of an IND filing for each Option Target, which shall not be satisfied until the option is exercised or one of the parties opts out of the arrangement. All performance obligations, except for the three material rights were substantially satisfied as of the adoption of ASC 606 and therefore all of the transaction price allocated to those performance obligations has been recognized as revenue under ASC 606. Through March 31, 2018, the Company had recognized revenue of $99.2 million under the agreement as collaboration revenue in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and in accumulated deficit as a result of the cumulative-effect recognition upon adoption of ASC 606. The amounts received that have not yet been recognized as revenue, related to the material rights, are recorded in deferred revenue on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. Deferred revenue related to the agreement amounted to $3.8 million as of March 31, 2018, all of which is included in noncurrent liabilities. GSK In January 2011, the Company entered into a collaboration and license agreement with GSK, to discover, develop and commercialize novel small molecule HMT inhibitors directed to available targets from the Company’s platform. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company granted GSK exclusive worldwide license rights to HMT inhibitors directed to three targets. Additionally, as part of the research collaboration, the Company agreed to provide research and development services related to the licensed targets pursuant to agreed upon research plans during a research term that ended January 8, 2015. In March 2014, the Company and GSK amended certain terms of this agreement for the third licensed target, revising the license terms with respect to candidate compounds and amending the corresponding financial terms, including reallocating milestone payments and increasing royalty rates as to the third target. Subsequent to a GSK strategic portfolio prioritization, the Company received notice in October 2017 that GSK terminated the agreement with respect to the third target, effective December 31, 2017, which returned all rights to that target to the Company. The two other targets continue to be subject to the agreement and were not impacted by the termination with respect to the third target. The Company substantially completed all research obligations under this agreement by the end of the first quarter of 2015 and completed the transfer of the remaining data and materials for these programs to GSK in the second quarter of 2015. Agreement Structure Under the agreement, the Company has received and recognized as collaboration revenue a $20.0 million upfront payment, a $3.0 million payment upon the execution of the March 2014 agreement amendment, $6.0 million of fixed research funding, $9.0 million for research and development services and $31.0 million of preclinical research and development milestone payments. The preclinical and research and development milestone payments total includes a $10.0 million milestone payment earned in May 2017 related to the second target in the collaboration, upon GSK’s initiation of good laboratory practices toxicology studies, as well as a $6.0 million clinical milestone following GSK’s initiation of patient dosing in a Phase 1 clinical trial of a PRMT5 inhibitor that the Company discovered and licensed to GSK. As of March 31, 2018, for the two remaining targets, the Company is eligible to receive up to $70.0 million in clinical development milestone payments, up to $197.0 million in regulatory milestone payments and up to $128.0 million in sales-based milestone payments. As a result of the termination of the agreement as it relates to the third target, the Company will receive no additional payments related to that target. In addition, GSK is required to pay the Company royalties, at percentages from the mid-single digits to the low double-digits, on a licensed product-by-licensed product basis, on worldwide net product sales, subject to reduction in specified circumstances. The Company determined the next milestone that might be achieved under this agreement is for $8.0 million due at the first dosing of a patient for an undisclosed target under a Phase 1 study. Due to the uncertainty of pharmaceutical development and the high historical failure rates generally associated with drug development, the Company may not receive any additional milestone payments or royalty payments from GSK. GSK became solely responsible for development and commercialization for each licensed target in the collaboration when the research term ended on January 8, 2015. Collaboration Revenue Through March 31, 2018, the Company has earned a total of $69.0 million under the GSK agreement, which the Company recognized as collaboration revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, including $10.0 million of milestone revenue in the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company did not have any deferred revenue related to this agreement as of March 31, 2018 or December 31, 2017 and any future revenues will relate to any milestone payments and royalties received under the agreement with respect to the two remaining targets, if any. The future potential milestone payments were excluded from the transaction price for the GSK agreement, as all future milestone amounts were fully constrained. The Company will reevaluate the likelihood of achieving future milestones at the end of each reporting period. The remaining future milestone payments are related to performance obligations that have been satisfied. Therefore, if the risk of significant reversal is resolved, any future milestone revenue from the arrangement will be recognized as revenue in the period the risk is relieved. Eisai In April 2011, the Company entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Eisai Co. Ltd, or Eisai, under which the Company granted Eisai an exclusive worldwide license to its small molecule HMT inhibitors directed to the EZH2 HMT, including the Company’s product candidate tazemetostat, while retaining an opt-in right to co-develop, co-commercialize and share profits with Eisai as to licensed products in the United States. As of December 31, 2014, the Company had completed its performance obligations under the original agreement. In March 2015, the Company entered into an amended and restated collaboration and license agreement with Eisai, under which the Company reacquired worldwide rights, excluding Japan, to its EZH2 program, including tazemetostat. Under the amended and restated agreement, the Company is responsible for global development, manufacturing and commercialization outside of Japan of tazemetostat and any other EZH2 product candidates, with Eisai retaining development and commercialization rights in Japan, as well as a right to elect to manufacture tazemetostat and any other EZH2 product candidates in Japan and waived the right of first negotiation for the rest of Asia. Under the original agreement, Eisai was solely responsible for funding all research, development and commercialization costs for EZH2 compounds. Under the amended and restated agreement, the Company is solely responsible for funding global development, manufacturing and commercialization costs for EZH2 compounds outside of Japan, including the remaining development costs due under a Roche Molecular companion diagnostic agreement, and Eisai is solely responsible for funding Japan-specific development and commercialization costs for EZH2 compounds. The Company recorded the reacquisition of worldwide rights, excluding Japan, to the EZH2 program, including tazemetostat, under the amended and restated agreement with Eisai as an acquisition of an in-process research and development asset. As this asset was acquired without corresponding processes or activities that would constitute a business, had not achieved regulatory approval for marketing and, absent obtaining such approval, had no alternative future use, the Company recorded the $40.0 million upfront payment made to Eisai in March 2015 as research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company has also agreed to pay Eisai up to $20.0 million in clinical development milestone payments, including a $10.0 million milestone upon the earlier of initiation of a first phase 3 clinical trial of any EZH2 product or the first submission of an NDA or MAA, up to $50.0 million in regulatory milestone payments, including a $25.0 million milestone payment upon regulatory approval of the first NDA or MAA, and royalties at a percentage in the mid-teens on worldwide net sales of any EZH2 product, excluding net sales in Japan. The Company is eligible to receive from Eisai royalties at a percentage in the mid-teens on net sales of any EZH2 product in Japan. Companion Diagnostics Roche Molecular In December 2012, Eisai and the Company entered into an agreement with Roche Molecular under which Eisai and the Company engaged Roche Molecular to develop a companion diagnostic to identify patients who possess certain activating mutations of EZH2. In October 2013, this agreement was amended to include additional mutations in EZH2. The development costs due under the amended agreement with Roche Molecular were the responsibility of Eisai until the execution of the amended and restated collaboration and license agreement with Eisai in March 2015, at which time the Company assumed responsibility for the remaining development costs due under the agreement. In December 2015, the Company entered into a second amendment to the companion diagnostic agreement with Roche Molecular. The agreement was further amended in March 2018. Before the additional amendment, the Company was responsible for the remaining development costs of $10.5 million due under the agreement. Under the amended agreement, the Company is responsible for remaining development costs of $10.4 million due under the agreement and Eisai has agreed to reimburse the Company $0.9 million of this amount related to a regulatory milestone for Japan. The Company expects the remaining development costs under the amended agreement to be incurred and paid through 2019. Under the agreement with Roche Molecular, Roche Molecular is obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and to make commercially available the companion diagnostic. Roche Molecular has exclusive rights to commercialize the companion diagnostic. The agreement with Roche Molecular will expire when the Company is no longer developing or commercializing tazemetostat. The Company may terminate the agreement by giving Roche Molecular 90 days’ written notice if the Company discontinues development and commercialization of tazemetostat or determines, in conjunction with Roche Molecular, that the companion diagnostic is not needed for use with tazemetostat. Either the Company or Roche Molecular may also terminate the agreement in the event of a material breach by the other party, in the event of material changes in circumstances that are contrary to key assumptions specified in the agreement or in the event of specified bankruptcy or similar circumstances. Under specified termination circumstances, Roche Molecular may become entitled to specified termination fees. |