Fair Value | Note 9 – Fair Value Fair Value Measurements ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 clarifies that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability and establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices available in active markets (i.e., observable inputs) and the lowest priority to data lacking transparency (i.e., unobservable inputs). Additionally, ASC 820 requires an entity to consider all aspects of nonperformance risk, including the entity’s own credit standing, when measuring the fair value of a liability. ASC 820 establishes a three level hierarchy to be used when measuring and disclosing fair value. An instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of significant input to its valuation. Following is a description of the three levels: Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the measurement date under current market conditions. Additionally, the entity must have the ability to access the active market and the quoted prices cannot be adjusted by the entity. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in inactive markets for identical or similar assets or liabilities; or inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means for substantially the full-term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 unobservable inputs are supported by little or no market activity. The unobservable inputs represent the assumptions that management believes market participants would use to price the assets and liabilities, including risk. Generally, Level 3 assets and liabilities are valued using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that require significant judgment or estimation. Recurring Fair Value Measurements The following is a description of the methods used to estimate the fair values of the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as the basis for classifying these assets and liabilities as Level 2 or 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s valuations consider assumptions that it believes a market participant would consider in valuing the assets and liabilities, the most significant of which are disclosed below. The Company reassesses and periodically adjusts the underlying inputs and assumptions used in the valuations for recent historical experience, as well as for current and expected relevant market conditions. RMBS The Company holds a portfolio of RMBS that are classified as available for sale and are carried at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company determines the fair value of its RMBS based upon prices obtained from third-party pricing providers. The third-party pricing providers use pricing models that generally incorporate such factors as coupons, primary and secondary mortgage rates, rate reset period, issuer, prepayment speeds, credit enhancements and expected life of the security. As a result, the Company classified 100% of its RMBS as Level 2 fair value assets at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Excess MSRs The Company held a portfolio of Excess MSRs that were reported at fair value in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016. The Company used a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of these assets. Although Excess MSR transactions are observable in the marketplace, the valuation includes unobservable market data inputs (prepayment speeds, delinquency levels and discount rates). As a result, the Company classified 100% of its Excess MSRs as Level 3 fair value assets at December 31, 2016. The Company did not hold any Excess MSRs at December 31, 2017. MSRs The Company holds a portfolio of MSRs that are reported at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of these assets. Although MSR transactions are observable in the marketplace, the valuation includes unobservable market data inputs (prepayment speeds, delinquency levels, costs to service and discount rates). As a result, the Company classified 100% of its MSRs as Level 3 fair value assets at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Derivative Instruments The Company enters into a variety of derivative instruments as part of its economic hedging strategies. The Company executes interest rate swaps, swaptions, TBAs and treasury futures. The Company utilizes third-party pricing providers to value its derivative instruments. As a result, the Company classified 100% of its derivative instruments as Level 2 fair value assets and liabilities at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Both the Company and the derivative counterparties under their netting arrangements are required to post cash collateral based upon the net underlying market value of the Company’s open positions with the counterparties. Posting of cash collateral typically occurs daily, subject to certain dollar thresholds. Due to the existence of netting arrangements, as well as frequent cash collateral posting at low posting thresholds, credit exposure to the Company and/or counterparties is considered materially mitigated. The Company’s interest rate swaps are required to be cleared on an exchange, which further mitigates, but does not eliminate, credit risk. Based on the Company’s assessment, there is no requirement for any additional adjustment to derivative valuations specifically for credit. The following tables present the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated (dollars in thousands). Recurring Fair Value Measurements As of March 31, 2018 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Carrying Value Assets RMBS Fannie Mae $ - $ 1,108,246 $ - $ 1,108,246 Freddie Mac - 440,756 - 440,756 CMOs - 93,680 - 93,680 RMBS total - 1,642,682 - 1,642,682 Derivative assets Interest rate swaps - 13,438 - 13,438 Interest rate swaptions - 2,474 - 2,474 TBAs - 193 - 193 Derivative assets total - 16,105 - 16,105 Servicing related assets - - 188,145 188,145 Total Assets $ - $ 1,658,787 $ 188,145 $ 1,846,932 Liabilities Derivative liabilities Treasury futures - 1,040 - 1,040 Derivative liabilities total - 1,097 - 1,097 Total Liabilities $ - $ 1,097 $ - $ 1,097 As of December 31, 2017 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Carrying Value Assets RMBS Fannie Mae $ - $ 1,233,699 $ - $ 1,233,699 Freddie Mac - 513,544 - 513,544 CMOs - 93,669 - 93,669 RMBS total - 1,840,912 - 1,840,912 Derivative assets Interest rate swaps - 12,994 - 12,994 Interest rate swaptions - 802 - 802 TBAs - 34 - 34 Derivative assets total - 13,830 - 13,830 Servicing related assets - - 122,806 122,806 Total Assets $ - $ 1,854,742 $ 122,806 $ 1,977,548 Liabilities Derivative liabilities Interest rate swaps - 342 - 342 Treasury futures - 2 - 2 Derivative liabilities total - 344 - 344 Total Liabilities $ - $ 344 $ - $ 344 The Company may be required to measure certain assets or liabilities at fair value from time to time. These periodic fair value measures typically result from application of certain impairment measures under GAAP. These items would constitute nonrecurring fair value measures under ASC 820. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the periods presented. Level 3 Assets and Liabilities The valuation of Level 3 assets and liabilities requires significant judgment by the third-party pricing providers and management. The third-party pricing providers and management rely on inputs such as market price quotations from market makers (either market or indicative levels), original transaction price, recent transactions in the same or similar instruments, and changes in financial ratios or cash flows to determine fair value. Level 3 instruments may also be discounted to reflect illiquidity and/or non-transferability, with the amount of such discount estimated by third-party pricing providers and management in the absence of market information. Assumptions used by third-party pricing providers and management due to lack of observable inputs may significantly impact the resulting fair value and, therefore, the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company’s management reviews all valuations that are based on pricing information received from third-party pricing providers. As part of this review, prices are compared against other pricing or input data points in the marketplace, along with internal valuation expertise, to ensure the pricing is reasonable. In connection with the above, the Company estimates the fair value of its Servicing Related Assets based on internal pricing models rather than quotations, and compares the results of these internal models against the results from models generated by third-party valuation specialists. The determination of estimated cash flows used in pricing models is inherently subjective and imprecise. Changes in market conditions, as well as changes in the assumptions or methodology used to determine fair value, could result in a significant change to estimated fair values. It should be noted that minor changes in assumptions or estimation methodologies can have a material effect on these derived or estimated fair values, and that the fair values reflected below are indicative of the interest rate and credit spread environments as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and do not take into consideration the effects of subsequent changes in market or other factors. The tables below present the reconciliation for the Company’s Level 3 assets (Servicing Related Assets) measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated (dollars in thousands): Level 3 Fair Value Measurements As of March 31, 2018 Level 3 (A) MSRs Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 122,806 Purchases, sales and principal paydowns: Purchases 52,962 Other changes (B) (121 ) Purchases, sales and principal paydowns: $ 52,841 Changes in Fair Value due to: Changes in valuation inputs or assumptions used in valuation model 14,991 Other changes in fair value (C) (2,493 ) Unrealized gain (loss) included in Net Income $ 12,498 Balance at March 31, 2018 $ 188,145 As of December 31, 2017 Level 3 (A) Excess MSRs Pool 2 MSRs Total Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 29,392 $ 31,871 $ 61,263 Purchases, sales and principal paydowns: Purchases - 83,586 83,586 Sales (35,905 ) - (35,905 ) Other changes (B) 6,513 (1,810 ) 4,703 Purchases, sales and principal paydowns: $ (29,392 ) $ 81,776 $ 52,384 Changes in Fair Value due to: Changes in valuation inputs or assumptions used in valuation model - 16,375 16,375 Other changes in fair value (C) - (7,216 ) (7,216 ) Unrealized gain (loss) included in Net Income $ - $ 9,159 $ 9,159 Balance at December 31, 2017 $ - $ 122,806 $ 122,806 (A) Includes the recapture agreement for each respective pool. (B) Represents purchase price adjustments, principally contractual prepayment protection, and changes due to the Company’s repurchase of the underlying collateral. (C) Represents changes due to realization of expected cash flows. The tables below present information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s Servicing Related Assets classified as Level 3 fair value assets as of the dates indicated (dollars in thousands): Fair Value Measurements As of March 31, 2018 Fair Value Valuation Technique Unobservable Input (A) Range Weighted Average MSRs Conventional $ 145,001 Discounted cash flow Constant prepayment speed 5.4% - 24.6 % 8.6 % Uncollected payments 0.2% - 1.5 % 0.8 % Discount rate 9.3 % Annual cost to service, per loan $ 71 Government $ 43,144 Discounted cash flow Constant prepayment speed 6.0% - 17.0 % 7.4 % Uncollected payments 0.4% - 5.2 % 3.3 % Discount rate 12.0 % Annual cost to service, per loan $ 96 TOTAL $ 188,145 Discounted cash flow As of December 31, 2017 Fair Value Valuation Technique Unobservable Input (A) Range Weighted Average MSRs Conventional $ 82,150 Discounted cash flow Constant prepayment speed 6.5% - 23.5 % 10.5 % Uncollected payments 0.2% - 1.8 % 0.8 % Discount rate 9.3 % Annual cost to service, per loan $ 70 Government $ 40,656 Discounted cash flow Constant prepayment speed 6.0% - 14.2 % 8.1 % Uncollected payments 0.4% - 5.2 % 3.3 % Discount rate 12.0 % Annual cost to service, per loan $ 96 TOTAL $ 122,806 Discounted cash flow (A) Significant increases (decreases) in any of the inputs in isolation may result in significantly lower (higher) fair value measurements. A change in the assumption used for discount rates may be accompanied by a directionally similar change in the assumption used for the probability of uncollected payments and a directionally opposite change in the assumption used for prepayment rates. Fair Value of Financial Instruments In accordance with ASC 820, the Company is required to disclose the fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities recognized and not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets, for which fair value can be estimated. The following describes the Company’s methods for estimating the fair value for financial instruments. · RMBS available for sale securities, Servicing Related Assets, derivative assets and derivative liabilities are recurring fair value measurements; carrying value equals fair value. See discussion of valuation methods and assumptions within the “Fair Value Measurements” section of this footnote. · Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash have a carrying value which approximates fair value because of the short maturities of these instruments. · The carrying value of repurchase agreements and corporate debt that mature in less than one year generally approximates fair value due to the short maturities. The Company does not hold any repurchase agreements that are considered long-term. Corporate debt that matures in more than one year generally approximates fair value. |