Clearing Operations | Clearing Operations We operate six clearing houses, each of which acts as a central counterparty that becomes the buyer to every seller and the seller to every buyer for its clearing members. Through this central counterparty function, the clearing houses provide financial security for each transaction for the duration of the position by limiting counterparty credit risk. Our clearing houses are responsible for providing clearing services to each of our futures exchanges, and in some cases outside of our execution venues, and are as follows, referred to herein collectively as "the ICE Clearing Houses": ICE Portion of Guaranty Fund Contribution (in millions) Clearing House Products Cleared Exchange where Executed Location As of As of ICE Clear Europe Energy, agricultural, interest rates and equity index futures and options contracts and OTC European CDS instruments ICE Futures Europe, ICE Futures U.S., ICE Endex and third-party venues U.K. $233 $206 ICE Clear US Agricultural, metals, FX and equity index futures and options contracts ICE Futures U.S. U.S. 68 61 ICE Clear Credit North American, European, Asian-Pacific and Emerging Market CDS instruments Creditex and third-party venues U.S. 50 50 ICE Clear Netherlands Derivatives on equities and equity indices traded on regulated markets ICE Endex The Netherlands 2 2 ICE Clear Singapore Energy, metals and financial futures products ICE Futures Singapore Singapore 1 1 ICE NGX Physical North American natural gas, electricity and oil futures ICE NGX Canada N/A N/A Total $354 $320 As of March 31, 2019 , ICE NGX maintains a guaranty fund utilizing a $100 million letter of credit and a default insurance policy discussed below. Original & Variation Margin Each of the ICE Clearing Houses generally require all clearing members or participants to deposit collateral in cash or certain pledged assets. The collateral deposits are known as “original margin.” In addition, the ICE Clearing Houses may make intraday original margin calls in circumstances where market conditions require additional protection. The daily profits and losses to and from the ICE Clearing Houses due to the marking-to-market of open contracts is known as “variation margin.” With the exception of ICE NGX’s physical natural gas and physical power products discussed separately below, the ICE Clearing Houses mark all outstanding contracts to market, and therefore pay and collect variation margin, at least once daily. The amounts that the clearing members and participants are required to maintain are determined by proprietary risk models established by each ICE Clearing House and reviewed by the relevant regulators, independent model validators, risk committees and the boards of directors of the respective ICE Clearing House. The amounts required may fluctuate over time. Each of the ICE Clearing Houses is a separate legal entity and is not subject to the liabilities of the others, or the obligations of the members of the other ICE Clearing Houses. Should a particular clearing member or participant fail to deposit its original margin or fail to make a variation margin payment, when and as required, the relevant ICE Clearing House may liquidate or hedge its open positions and use their original margin and guaranty fund deposits to pay any amount owed. In the event that the defaulting clearing member's deposits are not sufficient to pay the amount owed in full, the ICE Clearing Houses will first use their respective contributions to the guaranty fund, often referred to as Skin In The Game, or SITG, to pay any remaining amount owed. In the event that the SITG is not sufficient, the ICE Clearing Houses may utilize the respective guaranty fund deposits, or collect additional funds from their respective non-defaulting clearing members on a pro-rata basis, to pay any remaining amount owed. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the ICE Clearing Houses have received or have been pledged $125.9 billion and $121.4 billion , respectively, in cash and non-cash collateral in original margin and guaranty fund deposits to cover price movements of underlying contracts for both periods. Guaranty Funds & ICE Contribution As described above, mechanisms have been created, called guaranty funds, to provide partial protection in the event of a clearing member default. With the exception of ICE NGX, each of the ICE Clearing Houses require that each clearing member make deposits into a guaranty fund. In addition, we have contributed our own capital which could be used if a defaulting clearing member’s original margin and guaranty fund deposits are insufficient. Such amounts are recorded as long-term restricted cash and cash equivalents in our balance sheets and included in the table above. In January 2019, we increased our contribution to ICE Clear Europe’s guaranty fund by $27 million and in March 2019, we increased our ICE Clear US guaranty fund contribution by $7 million . Cash and Cash Equivalent Deposits We have recorded cash and cash equivalent margin deposits and amounts due in our balance sheets as current assets with corresponding current liabilities to the clearing members. As of March 31, 2019 , our cash and cash equivalent margin deposits are as follows (in millions): ICE Clear Europe (1) ICE Clear ICE Clear US ICE NGX Other ICE Clearing Houses Total Original margin $ 27,787 $ 21,487 $ 7,400 $ — $ 4 $ 56,678 Unsettled variation margin, net — — — 290 — 290 Guaranty fund 4,123 2,335 458 — 6 6,922 Delivery contracts receivable/payable, net — — — 674 — 674 Total $ 31,910 $ 23,822 $ 7,858 $ 964 $ 10 $ 64,564 As of December 31, 2018 , our cash and cash equivalent deposits, are as follows (in millions): ICE Clear Europe (2) ICE Clear ICE Clear US ICE NGX Other ICE Clearing Houses Total Original margin $ 27,597 $ 22,770 $ 6,260 $ — $ 3 $ 56,630 Unsettled variation margin, net — — — 417 — 417 Guaranty fund 3,267 2,456 460 — 5 6,188 Delivery contracts receivable/payable, net — — — 720 — 720 Total $ 30,864 $ 25,226 $ 6,720 $ 1,137 $ 8 $ 63,955 (1) $27.5 billion and $4.4 billion is related to futures/options and CDS, respectively. (2) $25.8 billion and $5.1 billion is related to futures/options and CDS, respectively. Our cash and cash equivalent margin and guaranty fund deposits are maintained in accounts with national banks and reputable financial institutions or secured through direct investments, primarily in U.S. Treasury securities with original maturities of less than three months, or reverse repurchase agreements with primarily overnight maturities. Details of our cash and cash equivalent deposits are as follows (in millions): Clearing House Investment Type As of As of ICE Clear Europe National Bank Account (1) $ 3,639 $ 8,647 ICE Clear Europe Reverse repo 24,515 18,097 ICE Clear Europe Sovereign Debt 3,737 4,035 ICE Clear Europe Demand deposits 19 85 ICE Clear Credit National Bank Account (2) 18,735 19,484 ICE Clear Credit Reverse repo 2,189 1,935 ICE Clear Credit Demand deposits 2,898 3,807 ICE Clear US Reverse repo 5,269 4,380 ICE Clear US U.S. Treasuries 2,589 2,340 Other ICE Clearing Houses Demand deposits 10 8 ICE NGX Unsettled Variation Margin and Delivery Contracts Receivable/Payable 964 1,137 Total $ 64,564 $ 63,955 (1) As of March 31, 2019 , ICE Clear Europe held €2.7 billion ( $3.0 billion based on the euro/U.S. dollar exchange rate of 1.1224 as of March 31, 2019 ) at De Nederlandsche Bank, or DNB, and £500 million ( $652 million based on the pound sterling/U.S. dollar exchange rate of 1.3046 as of March 31, 2019 ) at the Bank of England, or BOE. As of December 31, 2018, ICE Clear Europe held €7.0 billion ( $8.0 billion based on the euro/U.S. dollar exchange rate of 1.1466 as of December 31, 2018) at DNB and £500 million ( $638 million based on the pound sterling/U.S. dollar exchange rate of 1.2756 as of December 31, 2018) at the BOE. (2) ICE Clear Credit is a systemically important financial market utility, or SIFMU, as designated by the Financial Stability Oversight Council, and holds its U.S. dollar cash margin in cash accounts at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Other Deposits In addition to the cash deposits above, the ICE Clearing Houses have also received other assets from clearing members, which include government obligations, and may include other non-cash collateral such as letters of credit or gold to mitigate credit risk. For certain deposits, we may impose discount or “haircut” rates to ensure adequate collateral if market values fluctuate. The value-related risks and rewards of these assets remain with the clearing members. Any gain or loss accrues to the clearing member. The ICE Clearing Houses do not rehypothecate or re-pledge these assets. These pledged assets are not reflected in our balance sheets, and are as follows: As of March 31, 2019 ICE Clear Europe ICE Clear ICE Clear US ICE NGX Total Original margin: Government securities at face value $ 31,479 $ 14,231 $ 11,561 $ — $ 57,271 Letters of credit — — — 2,486 2,486 ICE NGX cash deposits — — — 482 482 Total $ 31,479 $ 14,231 $ 11,561 $ 2,968 $ 60,239 Guaranty fund: Government securities at face value $ 557 $ 279 $ 275 $ — $ 1,111 As of December 31, 2018 ICE Clear Europe ICE Clear ICE Clear US ICE NGX Total Original margin: Government securities at face value $ 29,887 $ 12,990 $ 10,208 $ — $ 53,085 Letters of credit — — — 2,556 2,556 ICE NGX cash deposits — — — 605 605 Total $ 29,887 $ 12,990 $ 10,208 $ 3,161 $ 56,246 Guaranty fund: Government securities at face value $ 654 $ 256 $ 264 $ — $ 1,174 ICE NGX ICE NGX is the central counterparty to participants on opposite sides of its physically-settled contracts, and the balance related to delivered but unpaid contracts is recorded as a delivery contract net receivable, with an offsetting delivery contract net payable in our balance sheets. Unsettled variation margin equal to the fair value of open contracts is recorded as of each balance sheet date. ICE NGX marks all outstanding contracts to market daily, but only collects variation margin when a clearing member's or participant’s open position falls outside a specified percentage of its pledged collateral. ICE NGX requires participants to maintain cash or letters of credit to serve as collateral in the event of default. ICE NGX maintains the following accounts with a third-party Canadian chartered bank which are available in the event of physical settlement shortfalls, subject to certain conditions: Account Type As of March 31, 2019 (In C$ millions) As of March 31, 2019 (In $USD millions) Daylight liquidity facility C$300 $225 Overdraft facility 20 15 Total C$320 $240 As of March 31, 2019 , ICE NGX maintains a guaranty fund utilizing a $100 million letter of credit that has been entered into with a major Canadian chartered bank and backed by a default insurance policy underwritten by Export Development Corporation, or EDC, a Canadian government agency. In event of a participant default, where a participant’s collateral becomes depleted, the remaining shortfall would be covered by a draw down on the letter of credit following which ICE NGX would pay the first $15 million in losses per its deductible and recover additional losses under the insurance policy up to $100 million . Clearing House Exposure Each ICE Clearing House bears financial counterparty credit risk and provides a central counterparty guarantee, or performance guarantee, to its clearing members or participants. To reduce their exposure, the ICE Clearing Houses have a risk management program with both initial and ongoing membership standards. Excluding the effects of original and variation margin, guaranty fund and collateral requirements, the ICE Clearing Houses’ maximum estimated exposure for this guarantee is $104.6 billion as of March 31, 2019 , which represents the maximum estimated value by the ICE Clearing Houses of a hypothetical one-day movement in pricing of the underlying unsettled contracts. This value was determined using proprietary risk management software that simulates gains and losses based on historical market prices, volatility and other factors present at that point in time for those particular unsettled contracts. Future actual market price volatility could result in the exposure being significantly different than this amount. |