Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2015 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | |
Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation |
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Property holding entities and other subsidiaries of which the Trust or the Operating Partnership owns 100% of the equity or has a controlling financial interest evidenced by ownership of a majority voting interest are consolidated. All inter-company balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. For entities in which the Trust owns less than 100% of the equity interest, the Trust consolidates the property if it has the direct or indirect ability to control the entities’ activities based upon the terms of the respective entities’ ownership agreements. For these entities, the Trust records a noncontrolling interest representing equity held by noncontrolling interests. |
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U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires the Trust to identify entities for which control is achieved through means other than voting rights and to determine which business enterprise is the primary beneficiary of variable interest entities (“VIEs”). A VIE is broadly defined as an entity with one or more of the following characteristics: (a) the total equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance the entity’s activities without additional subordinated financial support; (b) as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack (i) the ability to make decisions about the entity’s activities through voting or similar rights, (ii) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity, or (iii) the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity; or (c) the equity investors have voting rights that are not proportional to their economic interests, and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve, or are conducted on behalf of, an investor that has disproportionately few voting rights. The Trust consolidates its investment in a VIE when it determines that it is its primary beneficiary. The Trust may change its original assessment of a VIE upon subsequent events such as the modification of contractual arrangements that affects the characteristics or adequacy of the entity’s equity investments at risk and the disposition of all or a portion of an interest held by the primary beneficiary. |
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The Trust identifies the primary beneficiary of a VIE as the enterprise that has both: (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance; and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could be significant to the entity. The Trust performs this analysis on an ongoing basis. |
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Noncontrolling Interests | |
Noncontrolling Interests |
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The Trust presents the portion of any equity it does not own in entities that it controls (and thus consolidates) as noncontrolling interests and classifies such interests as a component of consolidated equity, separate from the Trust’s total shareholders’ equity, on the consolidated balance sheets. |
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Operating Partnership: Net income or loss is allocated to noncontrolling interests based on their respective ownership percentage of the Operating Partnership. The ownership percentage is calculated by dividing the number of OP Units held by the noncontrolling interests by the total OP Units held by the noncontrolling interests and the Trust. Issuance of additional Common Shares and OP Units changes the ownership interests of both the noncontrolling interests and the Trust. Such transactions and the related proceeds are treated as capital transactions. |
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During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Operating Partnership partially funded a property acquisition by issuing an aggregate of 420,963 OP Units valued at approximately $7.3 million. The acquisition had a total purchase price of approximately $10.0 million. |
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Noncontrolling interests in the Trust represent OP Units held by the Predecessor’s prior investors and other investors. As of March 31, 2015, the Trust held a 95.1% interest in the Operating Partnership. As the sole general partner and the majority interest holder, the Trust consolidates the financial position and results of operation of the Operating Partnership. |
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Holders of OP Units may not transfer their OP Units without the Trust’s prior written consent, as general partner of the Operating Partnership. Beginning on the first anniversary of the issuance of OP Units, OP Unit holders may tender their OP Units for redemption by the Operating Partnership in exchange for cash equal to the market price of the Trust’s common shares at the time of redemption or, for unregistered common shares on a one-for-one basis. Such selection to pay cash or issue common shares to satisfy an OP Unit holder’s redemption request is solely within the control of the Trust. Accordingly, the Trust presents the OP Units of the Operating Partnership held by the Predecessor’s prior investors and other investors as noncontrolling interests within equity in the consolidated balance sheet. |
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Partially Owned Properties: The Trust reflects noncontrolling interests in partially owned properties on the balance sheet for the portion of properties consolidated by the Trust that are not wholly owned by the Trust. The earnings or losses from those properties attributable to the noncontrolling interests are reflected as net income or loss attributable to noncontrolling interests partially owned properties in the consolidated statement of operations. |
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Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests — Operating Partnership and Partially Owned Properties |
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On February 5, 2015, the Trust entered into a Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “Partnership Agreement”) which provides for the designation and issuance of the newly designated Series A Participating Redeemable Preferred Units of the operating partnership (“Series A Preferred Units”). The Series A Preferred Units will have priority over all other partnership interests of the Operating Partnership with respect to distributions and liquidation. In addition, the Series A Preferred Units will be redeemable at the option of the holders on or after the one year anniversary of their issuance, which redemption obligation may be satisfied, at the Trust’s option, in cash or registered common shares. Instruments that require settlement in registered shares may not be classified in permanent equity as it is not always completely within an issuer’s control to deliver registered shares. |
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On February 5, 2015, the acquisition of the Minnetonka MOB was partially funded with the issuance of 44,685 Series A Preferred Units with a value of $9.7 million. Due to the redemption rights associated with the Series A Preferred Units the Trust classifies the Series A Preferred Units in the mezzanine section of its consolidated balance sheet. |
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A noncontrolling interest of a consolidated joint venture was classified as redeemable at March 31, 2015. Accordingly, the Trust records the carrying amount of these noncontrolling interests at the greater of their initial carrying amount (increased or decreased for the noncontrolling interest’s share of net income or loss and distributions) or the redemption value. The Trust’s joint venture partner has certain redemption rights with respect to their noncontrolling interest in the joint venture that are outside of the Trust’s control, and therefore, the redeemable noncontrolling interest is classified in the mezzanine section of the Trust’s consolidated balance sheet. The Trust recognizes changes in carrying value of redeemable noncontrolling interests through additional paid-in-capital. |
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Dividends and Distributions | Dividends and Distributions |
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On March 31, 2015, the Trust’s Board of Trustees declared a cash dividend of $0.225 per common share for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2015. The dividend was paid on May 1, 2015 to common shareholders and common OP Unit holders of record on April 17, 2015. |
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Purchase of Investment Properties | Purchase of Investment Properties |
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A property acquired not subject to an existing lease is treated as an asset acquisition and recorded at its purchase price, inclusive of acquisition costs, allocated between the acquired tangible assets and assumed liabilities based upon their relative fair values at the date of acquisition. A property acquired with an existing lease is accounted for as a business combination pursuant to the acquisition method in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”), and assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including identified intangible assets and liabilities, are recorded at fair value. |
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The determination of fair value involves the use of significant judgment and estimation. The Trust makes estimates of the fair value of the tangible and intangible acquired assets and assumed liabilities using information obtained from multiple sources as a result of pre-acquisition due diligence and may include the assistance of a third party appraiser. The Trust estimates the fair value of buildings acquired on an as-if-vacant basis and depreciates the building value over the estimated remaining life of the building. The Trust determines the allocated value of other fixed assets, such as site improvements, based upon the replacement cost and depreciates such value over the assets’ estimated remaining useful lives as determined at the applicable acquisition date. The fair value of land is determined either by considering the sales prices of similar properties in recent transactions or based on internal analyses of recently acquired and existing comparable properties within the Trust’s portfolio. |
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In recognizing identified intangible assets and liabilities in connection with a business combination, the value of above-or-below market leases is estimated based on the present value (using an interest rate which reflected the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between contractual amounts to be received pursuant to the leases and management’s estimate of market lease rates measured over a period equal to the estimated remaining term of the lease. The capitalized above-market or below-market lease intangibles are amortized as a reduction or addition to rental income over the estimated remaining term of the respective leases. |
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In determining the value of in-place leases and tenant relationships, management considers current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases in arriving at an estimate of the carrying costs during the expected lease-up period from vacant to existing occupancy. In estimating carrying costs, management includes real estate taxes, insurance, other operating expenses, estimates of lost rental revenue during the expected lease-up periods, and costs to execute similar leases, including leasing commissions, tenant improvements, legal, and other related costs based on current market demand. The values assigned to in-place leases and tenant relationships are amortized over the estimated remaining term of the lease. |
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The values assigned to all lease intangible assets and liabilities are amortized over the estimated remaining term of the lease. If a lease terminates prior to its scheduled expiration, all unamortized costs related to that lease are written off. |
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The Trust calculates the fair value of any long-term debt assumed by discounting the remaining contractual cash flows on each instrument at the current market rate for those borrowings, which the Trust approximates based on the rate at which it would expect to incur on a replacement instrument on the date of acquisition, and recognize any fair value adjustments related to long-term debt as effective yield adjustments over the remaining term of the instrument. |
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Based on these estimates, the Trust recognizes the acquired assets and assumed liabilities at their estimated fair values, which are generally determined using Level 3 inputs, such as market rental rates, capitalization rates, discount rates, or other available market data. Initial valuations are subject to change until the information is finalized, no later than 12 months from the acquisition date. The Trust expenses transaction costs associated with acquisitions accounted for as business combinations in the period incurred. |
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Impairment of Intangible and Long-Lived Assets | Impairment of Intangible and Long-Lived Assets |
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The Trust periodically evaluates its long-lived assets, primarily consisting of investments in real estate, for impairment indicators or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the recorded amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. If indicators of impairment are present, the Trust evaluates the carrying value of the related real estate properties in relation to the undiscounted expected future cash flows of the underlying operations. In performing this evaluation, management considers market conditions and current intentions with respect to holding or disposing of the real estate property. The Trust adjusts the net book value of real estate properties to fair value if the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows, including sales proceeds, is less than book value. The Trust recognizes an impairment loss at the time it makes any such determination. If the Trust determines that an asset is impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the recorded amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. Fair value is typically determined using a discounted future cash flow analysis or other acceptable valuation techniques, which are based, in turn, upon Level 3 inputs, such as revenue and expense growth rates, capitalization rates, discount rates or other available market data. |
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The Trust did not record an impairment charge in either the three months ended March 31, 2015 or 2014. |
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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities | Investments in Unconsolidated Entities |
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The Trust reports investments in unconsolidated entities over whose operating and financial policies it has the ability to exercise significant influence under the equity method of accounting. Under this method of accounting, the Trust’s share of the investee’s earnings or losses is included in its consolidated statements of operations. The initial carrying value of investments in unconsolidated entities is based on the amount paid to purchase the equity interest. |
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Real Estate Loans Receivable | Real Estate Loans Receivable |
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Real estate loans receivable consists of a mezzanine loan and a term loan which are collateralized by an equity interest in a two medical office building developments. Interest income on the loans are recognized as earned based on the terms of the loans subject to evaluation of collectability risks and are included in the Trust’s consolidated statement of operations. |
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Rental Revenue | Rental Revenue |
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Rental revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases when collectability is reasonably assured. Recognizing rental revenue on a straight-line basis for leases may result in recognizing revenue for amounts more or less than amounts currently due from tenants. Amounts recognized in excess of amounts currently due from tenants are included in other assets and were approximately $8.5 million and $6.4 million as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. If the Trust determines that collectability of straight-line rents is not reasonably assured, the Trust limits future recognition to amounts contractually owed and, where appropriate, establishes an allowance for estimated losses. Rental revenue is adjusted by amortization of lease inducements and above or below market rents on certain leases. Lease inducements and above or below market rents are amortized over the average remaining life of the lease. |
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Expense Recoveries | Expense Recoveries |
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Expense recoveries relate to tenant reimbursement of real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses that are recognized as expense recovery revenue in the period the applicable expenses are incurred. The reimbursements are recorded at gross, as the Trust is generally the primary obligor with respect to real estate taxes and purchasing goods and services from third-party suppliers and has discretion in selecting the supplier and bears the credit risk of tenant reimbursement. |
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The Trust has certain tenants with absolute net leases. Under these lease agreements, the tenant is responsible for operating and building expenses. For absolute net leases, the Trust does not recognize expense recoveries. |
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Income Taxes | Income taxes |
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Prior to completion of the IPO, the Trust elected to be taxed as an S corporation for federal income tax purposes beginning with the first day of its existence with such election thereafter being revoked effective on the date of completion of the IPO. The Trust elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for federal tax purposes commencing with the filing of its tax return for the short taxable year ending December 31, 2013. The Trust had no taxable income prior to electing REIT status. To qualify as a REIT, the Trust must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of its annual REIT taxable income to its shareholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles). As a REIT, the Trust generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent it distributes qualifying dividends to its shareholders. If the Trust fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service grants the Trust relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially adversely affect the Trust’s net income and net cash available for distribution to shareholders. However, the Trust intends to organize and operate in such a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT. Even if the Trust qualifies for taxation as a REIT, the Trust may be subject to state and local taxes on its income and property and federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed income. |
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Management Estimates | Management Estimates |
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The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amounts of revenue and expenses reported in the period. Significant estimates are made for the fair value assessments with respect to purchase price allocations, impairment assessments, and the valuation of financial instruments. Actual results could differ from these estimates. |
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Contingent Liabilities | Contingent Liabilities |
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The Trust records a liability for contingent consideration (included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on its consolidated balance sheets) at fair value as of the acquisition date and reasseses the fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any changes being recognized in earnings. Increases or decreases in the fair value of contingent consideration can result from changes in discount periods, discount rates and probabilities that contingencies will be met. |
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Reclassifications | Reclassifications |
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Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current financial statement presentation, with no effect on the previously reported consolidated financial position or consolidated results of operations. |
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New Accounting Pronouncements | New Accounting Pronouncements |
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In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which creates a new Topic, Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606. The standard is principle-based and provides a five-step model to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle is that a company should recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This standard is effective for interim or annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and allows for either full retrospective or modified retrospective adoption. Early adoption of this standard is not allowed. The Trust is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of Topic 606 will have on its consolidated financial statements. |
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In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis. This update is intended to improve targeted areas of consolidation guidance by simplifying the consolidation evaluation process, and by placing more emphasis on risk of loss when determining a controlling financial interest. The provisions of this ASU are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The Trust is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements. |
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In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which changes the presentation of debt issuance costs in financial statements. ASU 2015-03 requires an entity to present such costs in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. Amortization of the costs will continue to be reported as interest expense. ASU 2015-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The new guidance will be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented. The impact will be a reduction of other assets and the associated reported debt liability. |
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