Investments | Note 2 – I nvestments The Company continuously monitors its investment strategies and individual holdings with consideration of current and projected market conditions, the composition of the Company’s liabilities, projected liquidity and capital investment needs, and compliance with investment policies and state regulatory guidelines. Fixed Maturities The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, fair value, and net of allowances for credit losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) of fixed maturities available-for-sale are as follows: September 30, 2023 Fixed maturities Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair U.S. government and agencies $ 10,206 $ 108 $ ( 715 ) $ 9,599 U.S. agency mortgage-backed 7,353 15 ( 835 ) 6,533 State and political subdivisions 76,764 12 ( 13,437 ) 63,339 Corporate and miscellaneous 174,536 664 ( 19,397 ) 155,803 Foreign government 130 — ( 5 ) 125 Residential mortgage-backed 7,249 56 ( 685 ) 6,620 Commercial mortgage-backed 21,801 6 ( 2,152 ) 19,655 Asset-backed 36,561 71 ( 2,782 ) 33,850 Total fixed maturities $ 334,600 $ 932 $ ( 40,008 ) $ 295,524 December 31, 2022 Fixed maturities Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair OTTI (1) U.S. government and agencies $ 9,258 $ 349 $ ( 501 ) $ 9,106 $ — U.S. agency mortgage-backed 9,429 63 ( 614 ) 8,878 — State and political subdivisions 68,213 26 ( 12,015 ) 56,224 — Corporate and miscellaneous 171,283 1,473 ( 16,275 ) 156,481 — Foreign government 130 1 — 131 — Residential mortgage-backed 4,912 140 ( 622 ) 4,430 ( 709 ) Commercial mortgage-backed 21,374 2 ( 1,914 ) 19,462 — Asset-backed 47,347 5 ( 3,926 ) 43,426 — Total fixed maturities $ 331,946 $ 2,059 $ ( 35,867 ) $ 298,138 $ ( 709 ) (1) Due to the adoption of the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments accounting standard, OTTI is not presented in respect in the table above. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Maturities of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities may be substantially shorter than their contractual maturity because they may require monthly principal installments and such loans may prepay principal. The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities available-for-sale by contractual maturity, are presented in the following table: September 30, 2023 Amortized Fair Due in one year or less $ 4,150 $ 4,122 Due after one year through five years 39,652 37,578 Due after five years through ten years 73,284 68,163 Due after ten years 144,550 119,003 Securities not due at a single maturity date — primarily mortgage and asset-backed 72,964 66,658 Total fixed maturities $ 334,600 $ 295,524 Fixed maturities with a carrying value of $ 2,486 and $ 2,680 were on deposit with governmental authorities, as required by law at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company’s fixed maturities portfolio was primarily composed of investment grade securities, defined as a security having a rating of Aaa, Aa, A, or Baa from Moody’s, AAA, AA, A, or BBB from Standard & Poor’s, or National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) rating of NAIC 1 or NAIC 2. Investment grade securities comprised 96.2 % and 95.1 % of the Company’s total fixed maturities portfolio at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 , the Company had commitments to make investments in available-for-sale securities in the amount of $ 0 and $ 1,290 , respectively. Mortgage Loans The Company makes investments in commercial mortgage loans. The Company, along with other investors, owns a pro rata share of each loan. The Company participates in 35 such investment instruments with ownership shares ranging from 0.6 % to 30.0 % of the trust at September 30, 2023 . The Company owns a share of 319 mortgage loans with an average loan balance of $ 133 and a maximum exposure related to any single loan of $ 600 . Mortgage loan holdings are diversified by geography and property type as follows: September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Gross Carrying % of Total Gross Carrying % of Total Property Type: Retail $ 12,997 30.5 % $ 13,866 30.6 % Office 11,276 26.5 % 11,115 24.5 % Industrial 7,682 18.0 % 8,138 17.9 % Mixed use 4,860 11.4 % 5,249 11.6 % Apartments 2,100 4.9 % 2,796 6.2 % Medical office 2,546 6.0 % 3,053 6.7 % Other 1,115 2.7 % 1,136 2.5 % Gross carrying value of mortgage loans 42,576 100.0 % 45,353 100.0 % Credit loss allowance (1) ( 571 ) ( 83 ) Net carrying value of mortgage loans $ 42,005 $ 45,270 September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Gross Carrying % of Total Gross Carrying % of Total U.S. Region: West South Central $ 10,779 25.2 % $ 11,608 25.6 % East North Central 12,457 29.3 % 12,320 27.2 % South Atlantic 8,153 19.1 % 8,815 19.4 % West North Central 2,477 5.8 % 2,871 6.3 % Mountain 2,626 6.2 % 2,824 6.2 % Middle Atlantic 2,072 4.9 % 2,310 5.1 % East South Central 3,558 8.4 % 3,661 8.1 % New England — 0.0 % 34 0.1 % Pacific 454 1.1 % 910 2.0 % Gross carrying value of mortgage loans 42,576 100.0 % 45,353 100.0 % Credit loss allowance (1) ( 571 ) ( 83 ) Net carrying value of mortgage loans $ 42,005 $ 45,270 (1) Due to the adoption of the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments accounting standard, prior valuation allowance is now presented as an allowance for expected credit losses . During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 , $ 964 and $ 3,965 of new mortgage loans were purchased, respectively, which did not include second lien mortgage loans. There were no taxes, assessments, or any amounts advanced that were not included in the mortgage loan balances at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 , the Company had 2 and 3 mortgage loans with a total carrying value of $ 358 and $ 692 that were in a restructured status, respectively. There was 1 impairment for mortgage loans during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and zero impairment of mortgage loans during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022. The changes in the allowances for credit losses (includes $ 237 related to adoption of ASU 2016-13) for commercial mortgage loans were as follows: Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Year Ended December 31, 2022 Beginning balance $ 83 $ 69 Net increase in allowances for credit losses related to change in accounting standards (See Note 1) 237 — Net (decrease) increase in allowances for credit losses 251 14 Ending balance $ 571 $ 83 At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 , the Company had no mortgage loans that were on non-accrual status. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 , the Company had commitments to make investments in mortgage loans in the amount of $ 3,023 and $ 2,575 , respectively. Net Investment Income The sources of net investment income are as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Income from: Fixed maturities $ 3,684 $ 3,763 $ 11,690 $ 10,385 Policyholder loans 88 90 268 272 Mortgage loans 509 594 1,815 1,830 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 47 32 110 34 Gross investment income 4,328 4,479 13,883 12,521 Investment expenses ( 318 ) ( 353 ) ( 1,037 ) ( 1,131 ) Net investment income $ 4,010 $ 4,126 $ 12,846 $ 11,390 Investment expenses include investment management fees, some of which include incentives based on market performance, custodial fees and internal costs for investment-related activities. Net Investment (Losses) Gains The sources of net investment gains (losses) are as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Investment (losses) gains from sales: Fixed maturities $ ( 373 ) $ ( 61 ) $ ( 462 ) $ ( 191 ) Mortgage loans 56 ( 134 ) 56 ( 80 ) Gains and losses from sales ( 317 ) ( 195 ) ( 406 ) ( 271 ) Valuation change of other invested assets - (decline) appreciation: ( 271 ) ( 1,087 ) ( 1,080 ) 779 Change in allowance for credit losses (1) ( 295 ) ( 288 ) ( 273 ) ( 419 ) Total net gains (losses) on investments $ ( 883 ) $ ( 1,570 ) $ ( 1,759 ) $ 89 (1) Due to the adoption of the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments accounting standard, prior change in valuation allowance is now presented as a change in allowance for credit losses. Change in Allowance for Credit Losses The Company regularly reviews its fixed income portfolio to identify and evaluate whether a security may require a credit loss allowance. For each fixed income security in an unrealized loss position, the Company assesses whether management with the appropriate authority has made the decision to sell or whether it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of the amortized cost basis for reasons such as liquidity, contractual or regulatory purposes. If a security meets either of these criteria, any existing credit loss allowance would be written-off against the amortized cost basis of the asset along with any remaining unrealized losses, with incremental losses recorded in earnings. For all other securities in an unrealized loss position in which the Company does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis, the security is deemed to have a credit loss. Significant judgment is required in the determination of whether a credit loss has occurred for a security. The Company has developed a consistent methodology and has identified significant inputs for determining whether a credit loss has occurred. Some of the factors considered in evaluating whether a decline in fair value is a credit loss are the financial condition and prospects of the issuer, payment status, the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due, credit ratings of the securities, and the duration and severity of the decline. The credit loss component of fixed maturity impairment is calculated as the difference between amortized cost and the present value of the expected cash flows of the security. The present value is determined using the best estimate of cash flows discounted at the effective rate implicit to the security at the date of purchase or prior impairment. The methodology and assumptions for estimating the cash flows vary depending on the type of security. For mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, cash flow estimates, including prepayment assumptions, are based on data from widely accepted third-party sources or internal estimates. In addition to prepayment assumptions, cash flow estimates vary based on assumptions regarding the underlying collateral characteristics, expectations of delinquency and default rates, and structural support, including subordination and guarantees. If the present value of the modeled expected cash flows equals or exceeds the amortized cost of a security, no credit loss exists, and the security is considered to be temporarily impaired. If the present value of the expected cash flows is less than amortized cost, the security is determined to be impaired for credit reasons and a credit loss is recognized in earnings. The non-credit component, determined as the difference between the adjusted amortized cost basis and fair value, is recognized a credit loss in other comprehensive (loss) income. The measurement of credit losses for available-for-sale fixed income securities measured at fair value is not affected except that credit losses recognized are limited to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost and the credit loss adjustment is recognized through an allowance which may change over time but once recorded cannot subsequently be reduced to an amount below zero. Previously these credit loss adjustments were recorded as OTTI and were not reversed once recorded. A roll-forward of the cumulative credit losses on fixed maturities are as follows: September 30, December 31, 2023 2022 Beginning balance of credit losses on fixed maturities $ 1,263 $ 837 Additional credit loss not previously recognized (1) — 394 Additional credit loss that was previously recognized (1) 21 48 Reduction of credit losses related to securities sold during period — ( 16 ) Ending balance of credit losses on fixed maturities $ 1,284 $ 1,263 (1) Due to the adoption of the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments accounting standard, additional credit losses for OTTI is now presented as an additional credit loss. Unrealized Losses for Fixed Maturities The Company’s fair value and gross unrealized losses for fixed maturities available-for-sale, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous gross unrealized loss position are as follows: 12 months or less Longer than 12 months Total September 30, 2023 Estimated Gross Estimated Gross Estimated Gross Fixed maturities U.S. government and agencies $ 977 $ ( 22 ) $ 2,527 $ ( 693 ) $ 3,504 $ ( 715 ) U.S. agency mortgage-backed 780 ( 23 ) 4,712 ( 812 ) 5,492 ( 835 ) State and political subdivisions 19,634 ( 1,108 ) 42,635 ( 12,329 ) 62,269 ( 13,437 ) Corporate and miscellaneous 46,767 ( 3,546 ) 64,833 ( 15,851 ) 111,600 ( 19,397 ) Foreign Government 125 ( 5 ) — — 125 ( 5 ) Residential mortgage-backed 3,009 ( 69 ) 2,786 ( 616 ) 5,795 ( 685 ) Commercial mortgage-backed 1,711 ( 61 ) 17,499 ( 2,091 ) 19,210 ( 2,152 ) Asset-backed 5,262 ( 417 ) 26,143 ( 2,365 ) 31,405 ( 2,782 ) Total fixed maturities $ 78,265 $ ( 5,251 ) $ 161,135 $ ( 34,757 ) $ 239,400 $ ( 40,008 ) 12 months or less Longer than 12 months Total December 31, 2022 Estimated Gross Estimated Gross Estimated Gross Fixed maturities U.S. agency mortgage-backed $ 2,722 $ ( 501 ) $ — $ — $ 2,722 $ ( 501 ) State and political subdivisions 5,297 ( 578 ) 216 ( 36 ) 5,513 ( 614 ) Corporate and miscellaneous 38,252 ( 7,036 ) 15,057 ( 4,979 ) 53,309 ( 12,015 ) Foreign government 94,461 ( 13,479 ) 8,322 ( 2,796 ) 102,783 ( 16,275 ) Residential mortgage-backed 3,286 ( 554 ) 344 ( 68 ) 3,630 ( 622 ) Commercial mortgage-backed 16,218 ( 1,611 ) 2,655 ( 303 ) 18,873 ( 1,914 ) Asset-backed 20,465 ( 1,726 ) 21,069 ( 2,200 ) 41,534 ( 3,926 ) Total fixed maturities $ 180,701 $ ( 25,485 ) $ 47,663 $ ( 10,382 ) $ 228,364 $ ( 35,867 ) The indicated gross unrealized losses in all fixed maturity categories decreased to $ 40,008 from $ 35,867 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Based on the Company’s current evaluation of its fixed maturities in an unrealized loss position, in accordance with our impairment policy and the Company’s current intentions to hold these securities, the Company concluded that these securities do not have credit losses. Information and concentrations related to fixed maturities in an unrealized loss position are included below. The tables below include fixed maturities and number of securities in an unrealized loss position for greater than and less than 12 months and the percentage that were investment grade at September 30, 2023 . Unrealized Losses 12 months or less Gross Unrealized Losses Impairment is Impairment Impairment Percent Fixed maturities U.S. government and agencies $ ( 22 ) $ ( 22 ) $ — $ — 100 % U.S. agency mortgage-backed ( 23 ) ( 23 ) — — 100 % State and political subdivisions ( 1,108 ) ( 948 ) ( 160 ) — 100 % Corporate and miscellaneous ( 3,546 ) ( 1,607 ) ( 960 ) ( 979 ) 84 % Foreign Government ( 5 ) ( 5 ) — — 100 % Residential mortgage-backed ( 69 ) ( 69 ) — — 75 % Commercial mortgage-backed ( 61 ) ( 51 ) ( 10 ) — 100 % Asset-backed ( 417 ) ( 271 ) ( 85 ) ( 61 ) 100 % Gross unrealized losses $ ( 5,251 ) $ ( 2,996 ) $ ( 1,215 ) $ ( 1,040 ) Total number of fixed maturities 300 257 33 10 Unrealized Losses greater than 12 months Gross Unrealized Losses Impairment is Impairment Impairment Percent Fixed maturities U.S. government and agencies $ ( 693 ) $ ( 95 ) $ — $ ( 598 ) 100 % U.S. agency mortgage-backed ( 812 ) ( 44 ) ( 752 ) ( 16 ) 100 % State and political subdivisions ( 12,329 ) ( 563 ) ( 1,822 ) ( 9,944 ) 100 % Corporate and miscellaneous ( 15,851 ) ( 835 ) ( 3,348 ) ( 11,668 ) 87 % Residential mortgage-backed ( 616 ) ( 56 ) ( 306 ) ( 254 ) 89 % Commercial mortgage-backed ( 2,091 ) ( 487 ) ( 1,376 ) ( 228 ) 100 % Asset-backed ( 2,365 ) ( 789 ) ( 1,172 ) ( 404 ) 97 % Gross unrealized losses $ ( 34,757 ) $ ( 2,869 ) $ ( 8,776 ) $ ( 23,112 ) Total number of fixed maturities 587 145 201 241 Investment Grade Below Investment Grade Total Fixed income securities with unrealized loss position less than or equal to 20% of amortized cost, net (1) (2) $ 15,251 $ 604 $ 15,855 Fixed income securities with unrealized loss position greater than 20% of amortized cost, net (3) (4) 23,704 449 24,153 Total unrealized losses $ 38,955 $ 1,053 $ 40,008 (1) Below investment grade fixed income securities include $ 150 that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months. (2) Related to securities with an unrealized loss position less than 20% of amortized cost, net, the degree of which suggests that these securities do not pose a high risk of having credit losses. (3) Below investment grade fixed income securities include $ 902 that have been in an unrealized loss position for a period of twelve or more consecutive months. (4) Evaluated based on factors such as discounted cash flows and the financial condition and near-term and long-term prospects of the issue or issuer and were determined to have adequate resources to fulfill contractual obligations. |