Investments | Note 2 – I nvestments The Company continuously monitors its investment strategies and individual holdings with consideration of current and projected market conditions, the composition of the Company’s liabilities, projected liquidity and capital investment needs, and compliance with investment policies and state regulatory guidelines. Fixed Maturities The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, fair value, and net of allowances for credit losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) of fixed maturities available-for-sale are as follows: March 31, 2024 Fixed maturities Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair U.S. government and agencies $ 10,171 $ 257 $ ( 572 ) $ 9,856 U.S. agency mortgage-backed 7,018 37 ( 595 ) 6,460 State and political subdivisions 80,891 359 ( 9,692 ) 71,558 Corporate and miscellaneous 165,521 1,796 ( 12,641 ) 154,676 Foreign government 130 3 — 133 Residential mortgage-backed 8,194 80 ( 535 ) 7,739 Commercial mortgage-backed 22,101 11 ( 1,512 ) 20,600 Asset-backed 32,287 62 ( 1,847 ) 30,502 Total fixed maturities $ 326,313 $ 2,605 $ ( 27,394 ) $ 301,524 December 31, 2023 Fixed maturities Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair U.S. government and agencies $ 10,188 $ 365 $ ( 488 ) $ 10,065 U.S. agency mortgage-backed 7,173 61 ( 516 ) 6,718 State and political subdivisions 79,362 347 ( 9,490 ) 70,219 Corporate and miscellaneous 174,263 2,733 ( 11,700 ) 165,296 Foreign government 130 5 — 135 Residential mortgage-backed 7,302 96 ( 523 ) 6,875 Commercial mortgage-backed 22,043 23 ( 1,678 ) 20,388 Asset-backed 35,681 86 ( 2,081 ) 33,686 Total fixed maturities $ 336,142 $ 3,716 $ ( 26,476 ) $ 313,382 Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Maturities of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities may be substantially shorter than their contractual maturity because they may require monthly principal installments and such loans may prepay principal. The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities available-for-sale by contractual maturity, are presented in the following table: March 31, 2024 Amortized Fair Due in one year or less $ 6,207 $ 6,126 Due after one year through five years 33,569 32,728 Due after five years through ten years 75,051 71,357 Due after ten years 141,885 126,012 Securities not due at a single maturity date — primarily mortgage and asset-backed 69,601 65,301 Total fixed maturities $ 326,313 $ 301,524 Fixed maturities with a carrying value of $ 2,610 and $ 2,689 were on deposit with governmental authoritie s, as required by law at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company’s fixed maturities portfolio was primarily composed of investment grade securities, defined as a security having a rating of Aaa, Aa, A, or Baa from Moody’s, AAA, AA, A, or BBB from Standard & Poor’s, or National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) rating of NAIC 1 or NAIC 2. Investment grade securities comprised 96.2 % and 96.0 % of the Company’s total fixed maturities portfolio at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , the Company had commitments to make investments in available-for-sale securities in the amount of $ 411 and $ 0 , respectively. Mortgage Loans The Company makes investments in commercial mortgage loans. The Company, along with other investors, owns a pro rata share of each loan. The Company participates in 33 such investment instruments with ownership shares ranging from 0.6 % to 30.0 % of the trust at March 31, 2024 . The Company owns a share of 307 mortgage loans with an average loan balance of $ 130 and a maximum exposure related to any single loan of $ 600 . Mortgage loan holdings are diversified by geography and property type as follows: March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Gross Carrying % of Total Gross Carrying % of Total Property Type: Retail $ 12,367 30.7 % $ 12,812 31.2 % Office 10,530 26.2 % 10,635 25.9 % Industrial 7,386 18.4 % 7,476 18.2 % Mixed use 4,654 11.6 % 4,798 11.7 % Apartments 1,960 4.9 % 2,077 5.0 % Medical office 2,393 6.0 % 2,423 5.9 % Other 879 2.2 % 886 2.1 % Gross carrying value of mortgage loans 40,169 100.0 % 41,107 100.0 % Credit loss allowance ( 566 ) ( 573 ) Net carrying value of mortgage loans $ 39,603 $ 40,534 March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Gross Carrying % of Total Gross Carrying % of Total U.S. Region: West South Central $ 9,935 24.7 % $ 10,038 24.3 % East North Central 11,588 28.8 % 12,184 29.6 % South Atlantic 7,938 19.8 % 8,046 19.6 % West North Central 2,300 5.7 % 2,328 5.7 % Mountain 2,524 6.3 % 2,560 6.2 % Middle Atlantic 1,966 4.9 % 1,986 4.8 % East South Central 3,480 8.7 % 3,519 8.7 % Pacific 438 1.1 % 446 1.1 % Gross carrying value of mortgage loans 40,169 100.0 % 41,107 100.0 % Credit loss allowance ( 566 ) ( 573 ) Net carrying value of mortgage loans $ 39,603 $ 40,534 During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 , $ 0 and $ 144 of new mortgage loans were purchased, respectively, which did not include second lien mortgage loans. There were no taxes, assessments, or any amounts advanced that were not included in the mortgage loan balances at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , the Company had no mortgage loans that were in a restructured status, respectively. There were no impairments for mortgage loans during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The changes in the allowances for credit losses for commercial mortgage loans were as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Year Ended December 31, 2023 Beginning balance $ 573 $ 83 Net increase in allowances for credit losses related to change in accounting standards — 237 Net (decrease) increase in allowances for credit losses ( 7 ) 253 Ending balance $ 566 $ 573 At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , the Company had no mortgage loans that were on non-accrual status. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , the Company had commitments to make investments in mortgage loans in the amount of $ 3,828 and $ 3,734 , respectively. Net Investment Income The sources of net investment income are as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Income from: Fixed maturities $ 3,875 $ 3,868 Policyholder loans 85 97 Mortgage loans 479 726 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 44 31 Gross investment income 4,483 4,722 Investment expenses ( 348 ) ( 375 ) Net investment income $ 4,135 $ 4,347 Investment expenses include investment management fees, some of which include incentives based on market performance, custodial fees and internal costs for investment-related activities. Net Investment (Losses) Gains The sources of net investment gains (losses) are as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Investment (losses) gains from sales: Fixed maturities $ ( 500 ) $ 36 Mortgage loans — — Gains and losses from sales ( 500 ) 36 Valuation change of other invested assets - (decline) appreciation: 113 ( 545 ) Change in allowance for credit losses 7 ( 30 ) Total net gains (losses) on investments $ ( 380 ) $ ( 539 ) Change in Allowance for Credit Losses The Company regularly reviews its fixed income portfolio to identify and evaluate whether a security may require a credit loss allowance. For each fixed income security in an unrealized loss position, the Company assesses whether management with the appropriate authority has made the decision to sell or whether it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of the amortized cost basis for reasons such as liquidity, contractual or regulatory purposes. If a security meets either of these criteria, any existing credit loss allowance would be written-off against the amortized cost basis of the asset along with any remaining unrealized losses, with incremental losses recorded in earnings. For all other securities in an unrealized loss position in which the Company does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis, the security is deemed to have a credit loss. Significant judgment is required in the determination of whether a credit loss has occurred for a security. The Company has developed a consistent methodology and has identified significant inputs for determining whether a credit loss has occurred. Some of the factors considered in evaluating whether a decline in fair value is a credit loss are the financial condition and prospects of the issuer, payment status, the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due, credit ratings of the securities, and the duration and severity of the decline. The credit loss component of fixed maturity impairment is calculated as the difference between amortized cost and the present value of the expected cash flows of the security. The present value is determined using the best estimate of cash flows discounted at the effective rate implicit to the security at the date of purchase or prior impairment. The methodology and assumptions for estimating the cash flows vary depending on the type of security. For mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, cash flow estimates, including prepayment assumptions, are based on data from widely accepted third-party sources or internal estimates. In addition to prepayment assumptions, cash flow estimates vary based on assumptions regarding the underlying collateral characteristics, expectations of delinquency and default rates, and structural support, including subordination and guarantees. If the present value of the modeled expected cash flows equals or exceeds the amortized cost of a security, no credit loss exists. The non-credit component, determined as the difference between the adjusted amortized cost basis and fair value, is recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income. The credit loss component of a fixed maturity security impairment is calculated as the difference between amortized cost and the present value of the expected cash flows of the security. The present value is determined using the best estimate of cash flows discounted at the effective rate implicit to the security at the date of purchase or prior impairment. The methodology and assumptions for estimating the cash flows vary depending on the type of security. For mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, cash flow estimates, including prepayment assumptions, are based on data from widely accepted third-party sources or internal estimates. In addition to prepayment assumptions, cash flow estimates vary based on assumptions regarding the underlying collateral characteristics, expectations of delinquency and default rates, and structural support, including subordination and guarantees. If the Company does not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the fixed maturity security, a credit loss allowance is recorded in earnings for the shortfall in expected cash flows; however, the amortized cost, net of the credit loss allowance, may not be lower than the fair value of the security. If the present value of the modeled expected cash flows equals or exceeds the amortized cost of a security, no credit loss exists. The non-credit component, determined as the difference between the adjusted amortized cost basis and fair value, is recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income. The measurement of credit losses for available-for-sale fixed income securities measured at fair value is not affected except that credit losses recognized are limited to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost and the credit loss adjustment is recognized through an allowance which may change over time but once recorded cannot subsequently be reduced to an amount below zero. A roll-forward of the cumulative credit losses on fixed maturities are as follows: March 31, December 31, 2024 2023 Beginning allowance for credit loss balance $ 28 $ - Increase in credit loss allowance — 28 Reduction of credit losses allowances related to securities sold during period — — Ending allowance for credit loss balance $ 28 $ 28 Unrealized Losses for Fixed Maturities The Company’s fair value and gross unrealized losses for fixed maturities available-for-sale, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous gross unrealized loss position are as follows: 12 months or less Longer than 12 months Total March 31, 2024 Estimated Gross Estimated Gross Estimated Gross Fixed maturities U.S. government and agencies $ 994 $ ( 6 ) $ 2,652 $ ( 566 ) $ 3,646 $ ( 572 ) U.S. agency mortgage-backed 452 ( 4 ) 4,663 ( 591 ) 5,115 ( 595 ) State and political subdivisions 9,992 ( 258 ) 46,997 ( 9,434 ) 56,989 ( 9,692 ) Corporate and miscellaneous 27,711 ( 2,044 ) 60,852 ( 10,597 ) 88,563 ( 12,641 ) Residential mortgage-backed 849 ( 12 ) 3,135 ( 523 ) 3,984 ( 535 ) Commercial mortgage-backed 1,246 ( 25 ) 17,878 ( 1,487 ) 19,124 ( 1,512 ) Asset-backed 4,286 ( 224 ) 20,076 ( 1,623 ) 24,362 ( 1,847 ) Total fixed maturities $ 45,530 $ ( 2,573 ) $ 156,253 $ ( 24,821 ) $ 201,783 $ ( 27,394 ) 12 months or less Longer than 12 months Total December 31, 2023 Estimated Gross Estimated Gross Estimated Gross Fixed maturities U.S. agency mortgage-backed $ 499 $ ( 1 ) $ 2,732 $ ( 488 ) $ 3,231 $ ( 489 ) U.S. agency mortgage-backed 94 — 4,879 ( 515 ) 4,973 ( 515 ) State and political subdivisions 8,151 ( 176 ) 45,628 ( 9,314 ) 53,779 ( 9,490 ) Corporate and miscellaneous 22,527 ( 1,871 ) 66,482 ( 9,829 ) 89,009 ( 11,700 ) Residential mortgage-backed 269 ( 10 ) 3,029 ( 513 ) 3,298 ( 523 ) Commercial mortgage-backed 1,430 ( 53 ) 17,582 ( 1,625 ) 19,012 ( 1,678 ) Asset-backed 3,551 ( 190 ) 26,644 ( 1,891 ) 30,195 ( 2,081 ) Total fixed maturities $ 36,521 $ ( 2,301 ) $ 166,976 $ ( 24,175 ) $ 203,497 $ ( 26,476 ) The indicated gross unrealized losses in all fixed maturity categories increased to $ 27,394 from $ 26,476 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Based on the Company’s current evaluation of its fixed maturities in an unrealized loss position, in accordance with our impairment policy and the Company’s current intentions to hold these securities, the Company concluded that these securities do not have credit losses. Information and concentrations related to fixed maturities in an unrealized loss position are included below. The tables below include fixed maturities and number of securities in an unrealized loss position for greater than and less than 12 months and the percentage that were investment grade at March 31, 2024 . Unrealized Losses 12 months or less Gross Unrealized Losses Impairment is Impairment Impairment Percent Fixed maturities U.S. government and agencies $ ( 6 ) $ ( 6 ) $ — $ — 100 % U.S. agency mortgage-backed ( 4 ) ( 4 ) — — 100 % State and political subdivisions ( 258 ) ( 258 ) — — 100 % Corporate and miscellaneous ( 2,044 ) ( 623 ) ( 771 ) ( 650 ) 87 % Residential mortgage-backed ( 12 ) ( 8 ) — ( 4 ) 58 % Commercial mortgage-backed ( 25 ) ( 25 ) — — 100 % Asset-backed ( 224 ) ( 128 ) ( 95 ) ( 1 ) 100 % Gross unrealized losses $ ( 2,573 ) $ ( 1,052 ) $ ( 866 ) $ ( 655 ) Total number of fixed maturities 188 158 21 9 Unrealized Losses greater than 12 months Gross Unrealized Losses Impairment is Impairment Impairment Percent Fixed maturities U.S. government and agencies $ ( 566 ) $ ( 72 ) $ — $ ( 494 ) 100 % U.S. agency mortgage-backed ( 591 ) ( 174 ) ( 417 ) — 100 % State and political subdivisions ( 9,434 ) ( 623 ) ( 3,636 ) ( 5,175 ) 100 % Corporate and miscellaneous ( 10,597 ) ( 884 ) ( 4,678 ) ( 5,035 ) 85 % Residential mortgage-backed ( 523 ) ( 59 ) ( 338 ) ( 126 ) 79 % Commercial mortgage-backed ( 1,487 ) ( 915 ) ( 565 ) ( 7 ) 100 % Asset-backed ( 1,623 ) ( 703 ) ( 900 ) ( 20 ) 97 % Gross unrealized losses $ ( 24,821 ) $ ( 3,430 ) $ ( 10,534 ) $ ( 10,857 ) Total number of fixed maturities 574 206 235 133 Investment Grade Below Investment Grade Total Fixed income securities with unrealized loss position less than or equal to 20% of amortized cost, net (1) (2) $ 15,466 $ 416 $ 15,882 Fixed income securities with unrealized loss position greater than 20% of amortized cost, net (3) (4) 11,064 448 11,512 Total unrealized losses $ 26,530 $ 864 $ 27,394 (1) Below investment grade fixed income securities include $ 108 that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months. (2) Related to securities with an unrealized loss position less than 20% of amortized cost, net, the degree of which suggests that these securities do not pose a high risk of having credit losses. (3) Below investment grade fixed income securities include $ 756 that have been in an unrealized loss position for a period of twelve or more consecutive months. (4) Evaluated based on factors such as discounted cash flows and the financial condition and near-term and long-term prospects of the issue or issuer and were determined to have adequate resources to fulfill contractual obligations. |