Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies |
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Nature of Business |
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Frank’s International N.V. ("FINV"), a limited liability company organized under the laws of The Netherlands, is a global provider of highly engineered tubular services to the oil and gas industry. FINV provides services to leading exploration and production companies in both offshore and onshore environments with a focus on complex and technically demanding wells. |
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Basis of Presentation |
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The consolidated financial statements of FINV for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 include the activities of Frank's International C.V. ("FICV") and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, "Company," "we," "us" and "our"). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated for purposes of preparing these consolidated financial statements. |
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Our accompanying consolidated financial statements and related financial information have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP"). In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments and reclassifications consisting solely of normal accruals that are necessary for the fair presentation of financial results as of and for the periods presented. |
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The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis using the United States dollar as the reporting currency. |
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Out-Of-Period Adjustment |
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During our review of the three months ended June 30, 2014, we identified a non-cash error that originated in prior periods. The error related to the attribution of the cost of share-based compensation to the requisite service periods of retirement-eligible employees. Awards made pursuant to the 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan generally provided that the awards vest if the employee retires. The requisite service period for awards does not extend beyond the date an employee becomes eligible to retire, which causes the requisite service period to be either two years or the period from grant date to the date the employee becomes retirement eligible. In the second quarter of 2014, we discovered that share-based compensation expense related to retirement-eligible employees was cumulatively understated through the first quarter of 2014 by approximately $7.5 million. Because the errors were immaterial both in the periods in which they arose and in which they were corrected, the correction was recorded as an out-of-period adjustment in the second quarter of 2014 and is included in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income. |
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Significant Accounting Policies |
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Accounting Estimates |
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The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. |
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Accounts Receivable |
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We establish an allowance for doubtful accounts based on various factors including historical experience, the current aging status of our customer accounts, the financial condition of our customers and the business and political environment in which our customers operate. Provisions for doubtful accounts are recorded when it becomes probable that customer accounts are uncollectible. |
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Cash and Cash Equivalents |
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We consider all highly liquid financial instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Throughout the year, we have cash balances in excess of federally insured limits deposited with various financial institutions. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts and believe we are not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents. |
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Comprehensive Income |
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Accounting standards on reporting comprehensive income require that certain items, including foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities be presented as components of comprehensive income. The cumulative amounts recognized by us under these standards are reflected in the consolidated balance sheet as accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity. |
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Contingencies |
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Certain conditions may exist as of the date our consolidated financial statements are issued that may result in a loss to us, but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. Our management, with input from legal counsel, assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise in judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings pending against us or unasserted claims that may result in proceedings, our management, with input from legal counsel, evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein. |
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If the assessment of a contingency indicates it is probable a material loss has been incurred and the amount of liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in our consolidated financial statements. If the assessment indicates a potentially material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, is disclosed. |
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Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed. |
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Earnings Per Share |
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Basic earnings per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities to issue common stock were exercised or converted to common stock. |
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Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
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Our financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, available-for-sale securities, obligations under trade accounts payable and short and long-term debt. Due to their short-term nature, the carrying values for cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable and trade accounts payable approximate fair value. Refer to Note 10 for the fair values of our available-for-sale securities and other obligations. |
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Foreign Currency Translations and Transactions |
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Results of operations for foreign subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated using average exchange rates during the period. Assets and liabilities of these foreign subsidiaries are translated using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates. Gains and losses resulting from these translations are included in accumulated other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity. |
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For those foreign subsidiaries that have designated the U.S. dollar as the functional currency, gains and losses resulting from balance sheet remeasurement of foreign operations are included in the consolidated statements of income as incurred. Gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in a foreign currency are also included in the consolidated statements of income as incurred. |
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Goodwill |
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Goodwill is not subject to amortization and is tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. A qualitative assessment is allowed to determine if goodwill is potentially impaired. The qualitative assessment determines whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. If it is more likely that not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount, then the two step impairment test is performed. First, the fair value of each reporting unit is compared to its carrying value to determine whether an indication of impairment exists. If impairment is indicated, then the fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is determined by allocating the unit’s fair value to its assets and liabilities (including any unrecognized intangible assets) as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. The amount of impairment for goodwill is measured as the excess of its carrying value over its fair value. We complete our assessment of goodwill impairment as of December 31 each year. No impairment was recorded for years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012. Our goodwill is allocated to our operating segments as follows: U.S. Services - approximately $11.3 million; Tubular Sales - approximately $2.4 million. The inputs used in the determination of fair value are generally level 3 inputs. See Note 10 in these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of fair value measures. |
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Impairment of Long-Lived Assets |
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Long-lived assets, which include property, plant and equipment, and certain other assets to be held and used by us, are reviewed when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable based on estimated future cash flows. If this assessment indicates that the carrying values will not be recoverable, as determined based on undiscounted cash flows over the remaining useful lives, an impairment loss is recognized based on fair value of the asset. |
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Income Taxes |
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We operate under many legal forms in approximately 60 countries. As a result, we are subject to many U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions and many tax agreements and treaties among the various taxing authorities. Our operations in these different jurisdictions are taxed on various bases such as income before taxes, deemed profits (which is generally determined using a percentage of revenues rather than profits), and withholding taxes based on revenues. Determination of taxable income in any jurisdiction requires the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and the use of estimates and assumptions regarding significant future events. Changes in tax laws, regulations, agreements and treaties, foreign currency exchange restrictions, or our level of operations or profitability in each taxing jurisdiction could have an impact upon the amount of income taxes that we provide during any given year. |
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FICV is taxed as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and its domestic subsidiaries are classified as limited liability companies not subject to federal or state income taxation. As a partner in FICV, we are subject to U.S. taxation on our allocable share of U.S. taxable income and the noncontrolling member will pay taxes with respect to its allocable share of U.S. taxable income. |
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We provide for income tax expense based on the liability method of accounting for income taxes based on the authoritative accounting guidance. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based upon temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their carrying values for financial reporting purposes, and are measured using the enacted marginal rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax expense or benefit is the result of changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the period. The impact of an uncertain tax position taken or expected to be taken on an income tax return is recognized in the financial statements at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authority. |
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Intangible Assets |
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Intangible assets are comprised of licenses, customer relationships and tradenames. Identifiable intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. We evaluate impairment of our intangible assets on an individual basis whenever circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Intangible assets deemed to be impaired are written down to their fair value discounted cash flows and, if available, comparable market values. |
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Inventories |
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Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (primarily average cost) or market value. Work in progress and finished goods include the cost of materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead. Inventory placed in service is either capitalized and included in equipment or expensed based upon our capitalization policies. |
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Marketable Securities |
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Our marketable securities in certificates of deposit, debt securities and publicly traded equity securities as an indirect result of strategic investments are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value. See Note 7-Other Assets. |
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The marketable securities are held within a Rabbi Trust for the purpose of paying future executive deferred compensation benefit obligations. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as a component of stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses on marketable securities are included in other income on our consolidated statements of income, net when realized. Any impairment loss to reduce an investment’s carrying amount to its fair market value is recognized in income when a decline in the fair market value of an individual security below its cost or carrying value is determined to be other than temporary. Realized gains on investments were $1.4 million, $3.9 million and $2.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. |
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Property, Plant and Equipment |
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Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for significant improvements and betterments are capitalized when they extend the useful life of the asset. Expenditures for minor improvements and routine repairs and maintenance, which do not improve or extend the life of the related assets, are expensed when incurred. When properties or equipment are sold, retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the books and the resulting gain or loss is recognized on the consolidated statements of income. |
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Depreciation on fixed assets is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the individual assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the lease term. The depreciation of fixed assets recorded under capital lease agreements is included in depreciation expense. |
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Revenue Recognition |
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All revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria have been met: (1) evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery to and acceptance by the customer has occurred; (3) the price of the customer is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured, as follows: |
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Services Revenue. We provide tubular services to clients in the oil and gas industry. We perform services either under direct service purchase orders or master service agreements. Service revenue is recognized when services have been performed or rendered. |
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Rental Revenue. We design and manufacture a suite of highly technical equipment and products that we rent to our customers in connection with providing our services, including high-end, proprietary tubular handling equipment. We rent our products either under direct rental agreements or with customers with rental agreements in place. Revenue from rental agreements is recognized as earned over the rental period. |
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For customers contracted under direct service purchase orders and direct rental agreements, an accrual is recorded in unbilled accounts receivable for revenue earned but not yet invoiced. |
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Tubular Sales Revenue. Revenue on tubular sales is recognized when the product has shipped and significant risks of ownership have passed to the customer. The sales arrangements typically do not include right of return or other similar provisions or other post-delivery obligations. In some regions, customers have a right of return due to purchasing of excess products and deliverability limitations of products in remote locations. When the likelihood of a return exists on a sale, a determination of this portion of revenue is reclassified to deferred revenue until such time as the product is returned or no return occurs. |
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Some of our tubular sales customers have requested that we store pipe and connectors purchased from us in our facilities. We considered whether revenue should be recognized on these sales under the “bill and hold” guidance provided by the SEC Staff; however, based upon the assessment performed, revenue recognition on these transactions totaling $76.1 million and $62.6 million was deferred at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. |
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Stock-Based Compensation |
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Our 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), dividend equivalent rights and other types of equity and cash incentive awards to employees, non-employee directors and service providers. Stock-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date of the share-based awards based on their value and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, net of an estimated forfeiture rate and is included in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of income. |
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Our stock-based compensation currently consists of RSUs. The grant date fair value of the RSUs, which are not entitled to receive dividends until vested, is measured by reducing the share price at that date by the present value of the dividends expected to be paid during the requisite vesting period, discounted at the appropriate risk-free interest rate. |
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Venezuelan Currency Devaluation |
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During 2014, Venezuela enacted certain changes to its foreign exchange system such that, in addition to the official rate of 6.3 Venezuelan Bolivar Fuertes (Bolivars) per U.S. dollar, there were currently two other legal exchange rates that may be obtained via different exchange rate mechanisms. These changes included the expansion of what is known as the SICAD I auction rate and the introduction of the SICAD II auction process. The SICAD I and SICAD II exchange rates were approximately 12 and 50 Bolivars to the U.S. dollar, respectively, at December 31, 2014. |
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Although the functional currency of our operations in Venezuela is the U.S. dollar, a portion of the transactions are denominated in local currency. We have historically applied the official exchange rate to remeasure local currency transactions and balances into U.S. dollars. |
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Effective December 31, 2014, we concluded that it was appropriate to apply the SICAD II exchange rate as we believed that this rate best represented the economics of our business activity in Venezuela. As a result, we recorded a $13.0 million exchange loss charge during the fourth quarter of 2014. |
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On February 10, 2015, the Venezuelan government announced that the transactions for the sale or purchase of foreign currency under the SICAD II exchange system would no longer be available and created a new open market foreign exchange system (SIMADI). The new rate under the new system will be greater than 50 to 1 and will likely lead to further devaluation in 2015. |
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
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Changes to GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") in the form of accounting standards updates ("ASUs") to the FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification. |
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We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs. ASUs not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. |
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In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15 which addresses management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. Management’s evaluation should be based on relevant conditions and events that are known and reasonably knowable at the date that the financial statements are issued. The standard will be effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect to early adopt this guidance and do not believe that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. |
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In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-12 related to stock-based compensation which states that a performance target in a share-based payment that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period should be accounted for as a performance condition. The guidance is effective for us beginning January 1, 2016 and is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. |
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In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 related to recognition of revenue based upon an entity’s contracts with customers to transfer goods or services. Under the new standard update, an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2017. We are currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements. |
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In April 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-08 relating to reporting discontinued operations and disposals of components of an entity. The amended guidance requires that a disposal representing a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s financial results or a business activity classified as held for sale should be reported as discontinued operations. The amendments also expand the disclosure requirements for discontinued operations and add new disclosures for individually significant dispositions that do not qualify as discontinued operations. The amendments are effective prospectively for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2014 (early adoption is permitted only for disposals that have not been previously reported). The implementation of the amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. |
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In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-11 relating to income taxes which provides guidance on the financial statement presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward exists. The amendments require entities to present an unrecognized tax benefit netted against certain deferred tax assets when specific requirements are met. However, the amendments only affect gross versus net presentation and do not impact the calculation of the unrecognized tax benefit. We adopted this guidance on January 1, 2014 and the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. |