Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Revenues from Real Estate As of September 30, 2022, 19 of the Company’s real estate investment properties were leased to a subsidiary of PENN under the PENN Master Lease, an additional 12 of the Company's real estate investment properties were leased to a subsidiary of PENN under the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, 6 of the Company's real estate investment properties were leased to a subsidiary of Caesars under the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease, 3 of the Company's real estate investment properties were leased to a subsidiary of Boyd under the Boyd Master Lease, 6 of the Company's real estate investment properties were leased to a subsidiary of Bally's under the Bally's Master Lease, 2 of the Company's real estate investment properties were leased to a subsidiary of Cordish under the Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease and 2 of the Company's real estate properties were leased to a subsidiary of Casino Queen under the Casino Queen Master Lease. Additionally, the Meadows real estate assets are leased to PENN pursuant to the Meadows Lease, the Hollywood Casino Perryville real estate assets are leased to PENN pursuant to the Perryville Lease and the land under PENN's Hollywood Casino Morgantown is subject to the Morgantown Lease. Finally, the Company has single property triple net leases with Caesars under the Lumière Place Lease, Boyd under the Belterra Park Lease, Cordish under the Maryland Live! Lease, and Bally's under the Tropicana Las Vegas Lease. Guarantees The obligations under the PENN Master Lease and Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, as well as the Meadows Lease, Morgantown Lease and Perryville Lease, are guaranteed by PENN and, with respect to each lease, jointly and severally by PENN's subsidiaries that occupy and operate the facilities covered by such lease. Similarly, the obligations under the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease and Bally's Master Lease are jointly and severally guaranteed by the parent company and by the subsidiaries that occupy and operate the leased facilities. The obligations under the Boyd Master Lease are jointly and severally guaranteed by Boyd's subsidiaries that occupy and operate the facilities leased under the Boyd Master Lease. The obligations under the Maryland Live! Lease and the Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease are guaranteed by the Cordish subsidiaries that operate the facilities. Rent The rent structure under the PENN Master Lease includes a fixed component, a portion of which is subject to an annual 2% escalator if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met, and a component that is based on the performance of the facilities, which is prospectively adjusted, subject to certain floors (namely the Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course property due to PENN's opening of a competing facility) (i) every five years to an amount equal to 4% of the average net revenues of all facilities under the PENN Master Lease (other than Hollywood Casino Columbus and Hollywood Casino Toledo) during the preceding five years in excess of a contractual baseline, and (ii) monthly by an amount equal to 20% of the net revenues of Hollywood Casino Columbus and Hollywood Casino Toledo during the preceding month in excess of a contractual baseline, although Hollywood Casino Toledo has a monthly percentage rent floor which equals $22.9 million annually due to PENN's acquisition of a competing facility, Greektown Casino-Hotel in Detroit, Michigan. Similar to the PENN Master Lease, the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease also includes a fixed component, a portion of which is subject to an annual 2% escalator if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met and a component that is based on the performance of the facilities, which is prospectively adjusted subject to certain floors (namely the Bossier City Boomtown property due to PENN's acquisition of a competing facility, Margaritaville Resort Casino), every two years to an amount equal to 4% of the average net revenues of all facilities under the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease during the preceding two years in excess of a contractual baseline. On July 23, 2020, the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease became effective as described more fully in Note 1. This modification was accounted for as a new lease which the Company concluded continued to meet the criteria for operating lease treatment. As a result, the existing deferred revenue at the time of the amendment is being recognized in the income statement over the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease's new initial lease term, which now expires in September 2038. The Company has concluded the renewal options of up to an additional 20 years at the tenant's option are not reasonably certain of being exercised as failure to renew would not result in a significant penalty to the tenant. In the fifth and sixth lease years the building base rent escalates at 1.25%. In the seventh and eighth lease years it escalates at 1.75% and then escalates at 2% in the ninth lease year and each lease year thereafter. In addition, the guaranteed fixed escalations in the new initial lease term are recognized on a straight-line basis. On December 18, 2020, the Company and Caesars completed a property exchange with subsidiaries of Caesars in which Caesars transferred to the Company the real estate assets of Waterloo and Bettendorf in exchange for the transfer by the Company to Caesars of the real property assets of Tropicana Evansville, plus a cash payment of $5.7 million. The Waterloo and Bettendorf facilities were added to the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease and the rent was increased by $520,000 annually. This exchange resulted in a reconsideration of the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease which resulted in the continuation of operating lease treatment for accounting classification purposes. The Boyd Master Lease includes a fixed component, a portion of which is subject to an annual 2% escalator if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met, and a component that is based on the performance of the facilities, which is adjusted every two years to an amount equal to 4% of the average annual net revenues of all facilities under the Boyd Master Lease during the preceding two years in excess of a contractual baseline. In May 2020, the Company acquired the real estate of Belterra Park in satisfaction of the Belterra Park Loan, subject to the Belterra Park Lease with a Boyd affiliate operating the property. The Belterra Park Lease rent terms are consistent with the Boyd Master Lease. The annual rent is comprised of a fixed component, part of which is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met and a component that is based on the performance of the facilities which is adjusted, every two years to an amount equal to 4% of the average annual net revenues of Belterra Park during the preceding two years in excess of a contractual baseline. On September 29, 2020, the Company acquired the real estate of Lumière Place in satisfaction of the CZR loan, subject to the Lumière Place Lease, the initial term of which expires on October 31, 2033, with 4 separate renewal options of five years each, exercisable at the tenant's option. The Lumière Place Lease's rent terms were adjusted on December 1, 2021 such that the annual escalator is now fixed at 1.25% for the second through fifth lease years, increasing to 1.75% for the sixth and seventh lease years and thereafter increasing by 2.0% for the remainder of the lease. The Meadows Lease contains a fixed component, subject to annual escalators, and a component that is based on the performance of the facility, which is reset every two years to an amount determined by multiplying (i) 4% by (ii) the average annual net revenues of the facility for the trailing two-year period. The Meadows Lease contains an annual escalator provision for up to 5% of the base rent, if certain rent coverage ratio thresholds are met, which remains at 5% until the earlier of ten years or the year in which total rent is $31.0 million, at which point the escalator will be reduced to a maximum of 2% annually thereafter. The Morgantown Lease became effective on October 1, 2020 whereby the Company is leasing the land under PENN's gaming facility for an initial cash rent of $3.0 million, provided, however, that (i) on the opening date and on each anniversary thereafter the rent shall be increased by 1.5% annually (on a prorated basis for the remainder of the lease year in which the gaming facility opens) for each of the following three lease years and (ii) commencing on the fourth anniversary of the opening date and for each anniversary thereafter, (a) if the CPI increase is at least 0.5% for any lease year, the rent for such lease year shall increase by 1.25% of rent as of the immediately preceding lease year, and (b) if the CPI increase is less than 0.5% for such lease year, then the rent shall not increase for such lease year. Hollywood Casino Morgantown opened on December 22, 2021. The initial rent under the Casino Queen Master Lease, which became effective on December 17, 2021, is $21.4 million and such amount increases annually by 0.5% for the first six years. Beginning with the seventh lease year through the remainder of the lease term, if the CPI increases by at least 0.25% for any lease year, annual rent shall be increased by 1.25%, and if the CPI increase is less than 0.25%, rent will remain unchanged for such lease year. The Company will also complete the current landside development project that is in process and rent under the Casino Queen Master Lease will be adjusted to reflect a yield of 8.25% on GLPI's project costs. The Perryville Lease with PENN that became effective July 1, 2021 has an initial annual rent of $7.77 million, $5.83 million of which will be subject to escalation provisions beginning in the second lease year through the fourth lease year and increasing by 1.50% during such period and then increasing by 1.25% for the remaining lease term. The escalation provisions beginning in the fifth lease year are subject to the CPI being at least 0.5% for the preceding lease year. The Bally's Master Lease became effective on June 3, 2021 in connection with the Company's acquisition of the real estate assets of Tropicana Evansville and Dover Downs Casino & Hotel. The initial rent under the Bally's Master Lease is $40 million annually and is subject to contractual escalations determined in relation to the annual increase in CPI, with a 1% floor and a 2% ceiling, subject to CPI meeting a 0.5% threshold. On April 1, 2022, the Company completed the previously announced acquisition from Bally's of the land and real estate assets of Bally's three casinos in Black Hawk, Colorado and Bally's Quad Cities Casino & Hotel in Rock Island, Illinois for $150 million in total consideration. These properties were added to the existing Bally's Master Lease and the initial rent for the Bally's Master Lease was increased by $12 million on an annual basis, subject to the escalation clauses described above. On December 29, 2021, the Maryland Live! Lease with Cordish became effective. Annual rent is $75.0 million and increases by 1.75% upon the second anniversary of the lease commencement. The Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease with Cordish became effective March 1, 2022 and has annual rent of $50 million initially, increasing by 1.75% upon the second anniversary of the lease commencement. These leases were accounted for as an Investment in leases, financing receivables. See Note 4 for the further information including the future annual cash payments to be received under these leases. On September 26, 2022, the Tropicana Las Vegas Lease, which has initial annual rent of $10.5 million became effective. Commencing on the first anniversary and on each anniversary thereafter, if the CPI increase is at least 0.5% for any lease year, the rent shall increase by the greater of 1% of the rent in effect for the preceding lease year and the CPI increase, capped at 2%. If the CPI increase is less than 0.5% for such lease year, then the rent shall not increase for such lease year. Furthermore, the Company's master leases provide for a floor on the percentage rent described above, should the Company's tenants acquire or commence operating a competing facility within a restricted area (typically 60 miles from a property under the existing master lease with such tenant). These clauses provide landlord protections by basing the percentage rent floor for any affected facility on the net revenues of such facility for the calendar year immediately preceding the year in which the competing facility is acquired or first operated by the tenant. A percentage rent floor was triggered on PENN's Hollywood Casino Toledo property, as a result of PENN's purchase of the operations of the Greektown Casino-Hotel in Detroit, Michigan and a percentage rent floor on the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease was triggered on the Bossier City Boomtown property due to PENN's acquisition of Margaritaville Resort Casino. Additionally, a percentage rent floor was triggered on the Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course in connection with PENN opening a facility in York, Pennsylvania which will go into effect at the next reset. Costs In addition to rent, as triple-net lessees, all of the Company's tenants are required to pay the following executory costs: (1) all facility maintenance, (2) all insurance required in connection with the leased properties and the business conducted on the leased properties, including coverage of the landlord's interests, (3) taxes levied on or with respect to the leased properties (other than taxes on the income of the lessor) and (4) all utilities and other services necessary or appropriate for the leased properties and the business conducted on the leased properties. Lease terms The Company determined, based on facts and circumstances prevailing at the time of each lease's inception, that neither PENN nor Casino Queen could continue as a going concern without the property(ies) that are leased to them under the PENN Master Lease and the Casino Queen Lease. At lease inception, all of Casino Queen's revenues and substantially all of PENN's revenues were generated from operations in connection with the leased properties. There were also various legal restrictions in the jurisdictions in which PENN and Casino Queen operate that limit the availability and location of gaming facilities, which makes relocation or replacement of the leased gaming facilities restrictive and potentially impracticable or unavailable. Moreover, under the terms of the PENN Master Lease, PENN must make renewal elections with respect to all of the leased property together; the tenant is not entitled to selectively renew certain of the leased property while not renewing other property. Accordingly, the Company concluded that failure by PENN or Casino Queen to renew the PENN Master Lease or Casino Queen Lease, respectively, would impose a significant penalty on such tenant such that renewal of all lease renewal options appeared at lease inception to be reasonably assured. Therefore, at lease inception, the Company concluded that the term of the PENN Master Lease and the Casino Queen Lease was 35 years, equal to the initial 15-year term plus all four of the 5-year renewal options. During 2022, the PENN Master Lease required an accounting reassessment due to a lease amendment resulting in a lease modification for accounting purposes. The Company concluded the lease term should end at the current lease expiration date of October 31, 2033 and not include any of the three remaining renewal terms of 5 years each. This was due to several factors that were not present at the inception of the original PENN Master Lease. Since the formation of the Company on November 1, 2013, the Company has amended and reassessed four of its nine leases that were originated prior to 2021. All four of these reassessments were done before the completion of their initial lease terms and were the result of significant lease amendments. Additionally, Pinnacle sold its operations to PENN for fair value whose underlying real estate for the casino operations were leased from the Company. PENN has significantly diversified its earnings stream since the inception of the PENN Master Lease such that the leased operations in the PENN Master Lease no longer represent substantially all of PENN's revenues and earnings. We believe all these factors preclude the Company from concluding all renewal periods are reasonably assured to be exercised in the PENN Master Lease. The Casino Queen Master Lease became effective December 17, 2021 and required an accounting reassessment due to changes in the rent and lease terms. The Company concluded the lease term is limited to its initial 15 year term. This was due to several factors that were not present at the inception of the original Casino Queen Lease. In addition to the historical reassessments and the fact that Pinnacle sold its operations to PENN for fair value as described above, additional competitive threats have emerged in the regional markets for the properties in the Casino Queen Master Lease that were not present previously. In particular, land based gaming operations including Casino Queen's leased operation in the state of Illinois have experienced significant additional competitive pressures from video gaming terminals that have rapidly expanded in the state. We believe all these factors preclude the Company from concluding all renewal periods are reasonably assured to be exercised in the Casino Queen Master Lease. On October 15, 2018, in conjunction with the PENN-Pinnacle Merger, the Pinnacle Master Lease was amended by a fourth amendment to allow for the sale of the operating assets of Ameristar Casino Hotel Kansas City, Ameristar Casino Resort Spa St. Charles and Belterra Casino Resort from Pinnacle to Boyd. As a result of this amendment, the Company reassessed the lease's classification and determined the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease qualified for operating lease treatment under ASC 840. Therefore, subsequent to the PENN-Pinnacle Merger, the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease is treated as an operating lease in its entirety. Because the properties under the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease did not represent a meaningful portion of PENN's business at the time PENN assumed the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease, the Company concluded that the lease term of the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease was 10 years, equal to the initial 10-year term only. In connection with PENN exercising its first renewal option on October 1, 2020, the Company reassessed the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease as the lease term now concludes on May 1, 2031. The Company continued to conclude that each individual lease component within the Amended Pinnacle Master Lease meets the definition of an operating lease. The deferred rent and fixed minimum lease payments at October 1, 2020 are being recognized on a straight-line basis over the new initial lease term ending on May 1, 2031. Because the Meadows Lease was a single property lease operated by a large multi-property operator, GLPI concluded it was not reasonably assured at lease inception that the operator would elect to exercise any lease renewal options. Therefore, the Company concluded that the lease term of the Meadows Lease was 10 years, equal to the initial 10-year term only. In conjunction with the PENN-Pinnacle Merger, PENN assumed the Meadows Lease from Pinnacle. The accounting for the Meadows Lease, including the lease term was not impacted by the change in tenant. Based upon similar fact patterns, the Company concluded it was not reasonably assured at lease inception that Caesars, Boyd or Bally's would elect to exercise all lease renewal options under the Caesars Master Lease, the Boyd Master Lease and the Bally's Master Lease as the earnings from these properties did not represent a meaningful portion of any tenant's business at lease inception. The Company concluded that the lease term of the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease was its remaining initial lease term which was extended by 5 years when the Amended and Restated Caesars Master Lease became effective on July 23, 2020. The lease terms of the Boyd Master Lease and Bally's Master Lease are 10 years and 15 years, respectively, equal to the initial terms of such master leases. As previously discussed, on April 1, 2022, the Company amended the Bally's Master Lease to add the real estate assets of certain casinos in Black Hawk, Colorado and Rock Island, Illinois and reconsidered the lease accounting and concluded no change was required to the previous conclusion of the Bally's Master Lease initial lease term. The Belterra Park Lease, Morgantown Lease, Perryville Lease, Maryland Live! Lease, Lumière Park Lease and Tropicana Las Vegas Lease are single property leases operated by large-multi-property operators and as such the Company concluded it was not reasonably assured at lease inception that the operator would elect to exercise any renewal options; as such, the lease term of these leases is equal to their initial terms. The Company also concluded that the lease term for the Pennsylvania Live! Master Lease was limited to its initial lease term given the relative size and geographic concentration of the properties in this lease. Details of the Company's income from real estate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Building base rent $ 227,663 $ 668,860 Land base rent 52,051 155,862 Percentage rent 37,213 110,090 Total cash income $ 316,927 $ 934,812 Straight-line rent adjustments 3,045 1,522 Ground rent in revenue 8,446 24,454 Accretion on financing receivables 5,238 14,103 Other rental revenue 162 406 Total income from real estate $ 333,818 $ 975,297 As of September 30, 2022, the future minimum rental income from the Company's rental properties under non-cancelable operating leases, including any reasonably assured renewal periods, was as follows (in thousands): Year ending December 31, Future Rental Payments Receivable Straight-Line Rent Adjustments Future Base Ground Rents Receivable Future Income to be Recognized Related to Operating Leases 2022 (remainder of year) $ 276,743 $ 2,772 $ 2,987 $ 282,502 2023 1,100,961 17,316 11,948 1,130,225 2024 1,041,973 49,138 11,951 1,103,062 2025 1,030,216 47,529 11,953 1,089,698 2026 963,925 42,046 11,130 1,017,101 Thereafter 6,793,442 168,745 67,232 7,029,419 Total $ 11,207,260 $ 327,546 $ 117,201 $ 11,652,007 The table above presents the cash rent the Company expects to receive from its tenants, offset by adjustments to recognize this rent on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company also includes the future non-cash revenue it expects to recognize from the fixed portion of tenant paid ground leases in the table above. See Note 4 for the future contractual cash receipts to be received by the Company under its Investment in leases, financing receivables. Gaming, Food, Beverage and Other Revenues Gaming revenue generated by the TRS Properties in 2021 mainly consisted of revenue from slot machines, and to a lesser extent, table game and poker revenue. Gaming revenue is recognized net of certain sales incentives, including promotional allowances in accordance with ASC 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers . The Company also deferred a portion of the revenue received from customers (who participate in points-based loyalty programs) at the time of play until a later period when the points are redeemed or forfeited. Other revenues at our TRS Properties were derived from our dining, retail and certain other ancillary activities. |