Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 1. Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Nature of Operations Century Communities, Inc. (which we refer to as “we,” “CCS,” or the “Company”), together with its subsidiaries, is engaged in the development, design, construction, marketing and sale of single-family attached and detached homes in metropolitan areas in 17 states. In many of our projects, in addition to building homes, we are responsible for the entitlement and development of the underlying land. We build and sell homes under our Century Communities and Century Complete brands. Our Century Communities brand offers a wide range of buyer profiles including: entry-level, first and second time move-up, and lifestyle homebuyers, and provides our homebuyers with the ability to personalize their homes through certain option and upgrade selections. Our Century Complete brand targets entry-level homebuyers, primarily sells homes through retail studios and the internet, and generally provides no option or upgrade selections. Our homebuilding operations are organized into the following five reportable segments: West, Mountain, Texas, Southeast, and Century Complete. Additionally, our indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, Inspire Home Loans Inc., Parkway Title, LLC, and IHL Home Insurance Agency, LLC, which provide mortgage, title, and insurance services, respectively, primarily to our home buyers have been identified as our Financial Services segment.Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, as well as all subsidiaries in which we have a controlling interest, and variable interest entities for which the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. We do not have any variable interest entities in which we are deemed the primary beneficiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (which we refer to as “GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash Held in Escrow Cash held in escrow consists of amounts related to the proceeds from home closings held for our benefit in escrow, which are typically held for a few days. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable primarily consists of rebates receivables, receivables under insurance policies, and income tax receivables. We periodically review the collectability of our accounts receivable, and, if it is determined that a receivable might not be fully collectible, an allowance is recorded for the amount deemed uncollectible. Inventories and Cost of Sales We capitalize pre-acquisition, land, development, and other allocated costs, including interest, during development, periods of entitlement, and home construction. Land, development, and other common costs are allocated to inventory using the relative-sales-value method; however, as lots within a project typically have comparable market values, we generally allocate land, development, and common costs equally to each lot within the project. Home construction costs are recorded using the specific-identification method. Cost of sales for homes closed includes the allocation of construction costs of each home and all applicable land acquisition, land development, and related common costs, both incurred and estimated to be incurred. Changes to estimated total development costs subsequent to initial home closings in a community are generally allocated to the remaining homes in the community. When a home is closed, the Company generally has not paid all incurred costs necessary to complete the home, and a liability and a charge to cost of home sales revenues are recorded for the amount that is estimated will ultimately be paid related to completed homes. Inventories are carried at cost unless events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We review for indicators of impairment at the lowest level of identifiable cash flows, which we have determined to be the community level. Indicators of impairment include, but are not limited to, significant decreases in local housing market values and selling prices of comparable homes, decreases in actual or trending gross margins or sales absorption rates, significant unforeseen cost in excess of budget, and actual or projected cash flow losses. If an indicator of impairment is identified, we estimate the recoverability of the community by comparing the estimated future cash flows on an undiscounted basis to its carrying value. If the undiscounted cash flows are more than the carrying value, the community is recoverable and no impairment is recorded. If the undiscounted cash flows are less than the community’s carrying value, we generally estimate the fair value using a discounted cash flow approach. A community with a fair value less than its carrying value is impaired and is written down to fair value. When estimating cash flows of a community, we make various assumptions, including the following: (i) expected sales prices and sales incentives to be offered, including the number of homes available, pricing and incentives being offered by us or other builders in other communities, and future sales price adjustments based on market and economic trends; (ii) expected sales pace based on local housing market conditions, competition, and historical trends; (iii) costs expended to date and expected to be incurred, including, but not limited to, land and land development costs, home construction costs, interest costs, indirect construction and overhead costs, and selling and marketing costs; and (iv) alternative uses for the property. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded nominal impairment charges on one community and for the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded impairment charges on four communities totaling $2.2 million. Inventory impairments are included in inventory impairment and other in our consolidated statements of operations. Home Sales Revenues and Profit Recognition As defined in the Accounting Standards Codification (which we refer to as “ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), revenues from home sales and the related profit are recorded when our performance obligations are satisfied, which generally occurs when the respective homes are closed and title has passed to our homebuyers. We generally satisfy our performance obligations in less than one year from the contract date. Proceeds from home closings that are held for our benefit in escrow, are presented as cash held in escrow on our consolidated balance sheets. Cash held for our benefit in escrow is typically held by the escrow agent for a few days. When it is determined that the earnings process is not complete and we have remaining performance obligations that are material in the context of the contract, the related revenue and costs are deferred for recognition in future periods until those performance obligations have been satisfied. Prior to satisfying our performance obligations, we typically receive deposits from customers related to sold but undelivered homes and we collect these deposits at the time a home buyer’s contract is accepted. These deposits are classified as earnest money deposits and are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Earnest money deposits totaled $56.8 million and $30.6 million at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Performance Deposits We are occasionally required to make a land, bond, and utility deposit as each new development is started. These amounts typically are refundable as each home is delivered. Performance deposits are included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. Lot Option and Escrow Deposits We enter into lot option and purchase agreements with unrelated parties to acquire lots for the construction of homes. Under these agreements, we have paid deposits, which in many cases are non-refundable, in consideration for the right, but not the obligation, to purchase land or lots at a future point in time with predetermined terms. Lot option and escrow deposits are included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. Model Homes and Sales Facilities Costs related to our model homes and sales facilities are treated in one of three ways depending on their nature. Costs directly attributable to the home including upgrades that are permanent and sold with the home are capitalized to inventory and included in cost of home sales revenues when the unit is closed to the home buyer. Marketing related costs, such as non-permanent signage, brochures and marketing materials as well as the cost to convert the model into a salable unit are expensed as incurred. Costs to furnish the model home sites, permanent signage, and construction of sales facilities are capitalized to property and equipment and depreciated over the estimated life of the community based on the number of lots in the community which typically range from 2 to 3 years.Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to expense on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of each asset. The estimated useful lives for each major depreciable classification of property and equipment are as follows: YearsLeasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures, and other 2-40yearsMachinery and equipment 3-25yearsModel furnishings 2-3yearsComputer hardware and software 1-5years Mortgage Loans Held for Sale and Revenue RecognitionMortgage loans held for sale, mortgage servicing rights, mortgage loans in process for which interest rates were committed to the borrowers (referred to as “interest rate lock commitments”), and the derivative instruments used to economically hedge our interest rate risk, which are typically forward commitments on mortgage-backed securities, forward commitments, and investor commitments, are carried at fair value. Changes in fair value are reflected in financial services revenue on the consolidated statements of operations. Management believes carrying loans held for sale at fair value improves financial reporting by mitigating volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring the fair value of the loans, interest rate lock commitments, and the derivative instruments used to economically hedge them.Also included in financial services revenue are gains and losses from the sale of mortgage loans held for sale, which are recognized based upon the difference between the sales proceeds and carrying value of the related loans upon sale and loan origination fees. Loan origination fees represent revenue earned from originating mortgage loans, which generally represent a flat per loan fee based on a percentage of the original principal loan balance, as well as discount points to reduce interest rates, and are recognized at the time the mortgage loans are funded.Stock-Based Compensation We account for stock-based awards in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. ASC 718 requires us to estimate the grant date fair value of stock-based compensation awards and to recognize the fair value as compensation costs over the requisite service period, which is generally three years, for all awards that vest. We value our restricted stock units and awards in the form of unrestricted shares of common stock equal to the closing price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on the date of grant. Stock-based compensation expense associated with outstanding performance share units is measured using the grant date fair value and is based on the estimated achievement of the established performance criteria at the end of each reporting period until the performance period ends, recognized on a straight-line basis over the performance period. Stock-based compensation expense is only recognized for performance share units that we expect to vest, which we estimate based upon an assessment of the probability that the performance criteria will be achieved. The performance share units granted during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 have three-year performance-based metrics measured over performance periods ending on December 31 of each three-year period. Stock-based compensation expense associated with outstanding performance share units is updated for actual forfeitures.Income Taxes We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities at enacted income tax rates for the temporary differences between the financial reporting bases and the tax bases of its assets and liabilities. Any effects of changes in income tax rates or tax laws are included in the provision for income taxes in the period of enactment. When it is more likely than not that a portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized in the future, the Company records a corresponding valuation allowance against the deferred tax asset. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had no valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax assets.In addition, when it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination by a tax authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information, the Company measures the amount of tax benefit from the position and records the largest amount of tax benefit that is more likely than not of being realized after settlement with a tax authority. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest to be paid on an underpayment of income taxes in interest expense and any related statutory penalties in the provision for income taxes on the consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020 we had no reserves for uncertain tax positions. GoodwillWe evaluate goodwill for possible impairment in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles–Goodwill and Other, on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. We use a two step process to assess whether or not goodwill can be realized. The first step is a qualitative assessment that analyzes current economic indicators associated with a particular reporting unit. If the qualitative assessment indicates a stable or improved fair value, no further testing is required. If a qualitative assessment indicates that a significant decline to fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not, we will proceed to the second step where we calculate the fair value of a reporting unit based on discounted future cash flows. If this step indicates that the carrying value of a reporting unit is in excess of its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we determined our goodwill was not impaired.Business CombinationsWe account for business combinations in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, if the acquired assets assumed and liabilities incurred constitute a business. We consider acquired companies to constitute a business if the acquired net assets and processes have the ability to create outputs in the form of revenue. For acquired companies constituting a business, we recognize the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition-date fair values and recognize any excess of total consideration paid over the fair value of the identifiable net assets as goodwill. Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”)We review land option contracts where we have a non-refundable deposit to determine whether the corresponding land seller is a VIE and, if so, whether we are the primary beneficiary. Although we do not have legal title to the underlying land, we are required to consolidate a VIE if we are the primary beneficiary.In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary, we consider, among other things, whether we have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE. In making this determination, we consider whether we have the power to direct certain activities, including, but not limited to, determining or limiting the scope or purpose of the VIE, the ability to sell or transfer property owned or controlled by the VIE, or arranging financing for the VIE. As a result of our analysis, we determined that as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we were not the primary beneficiary of any VIE from which we have acquired rights to land under the land option contract. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had non-refundable cash deposits totaling $38.1 million and $31.3 million, respectively, classified in prepaid expenses and other assets in our consolidated balance sheets for land option contracts. The non-refundable deposit is our maximum exposure to loss for the transactions as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Advertising and Marketing Costs Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred and totaled $7.7 million, $11.3 million and $17.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Advertising and marketing costs are included in selling, general and administrative on the consolidated statement of operations. Self-Insurance We maintain general liability insurance coverage, including coverage for certain construction defects. These insurance policies protect us against a portion of the risk of loss from claims, subject to certain self-insured per occurrence and aggregate retentions, deductibles, and available policy limits. In circumstances where we have elected to retain a higher portion of the overall risk for construction defect claims in return for a lower initial premium, we reserve for the costs that are above our coverage limits or that are not covered by our insurance policies. The reserve is recorded on an undiscounted basis at the time revenue is recognized for each home closing. Amounts accrued, which are included in other accrued liabilities within accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, are based on third party actuarial analyses of our historical claims and industry data, which include estimates of claims incurred but not yet reported. Adjustments to estimated reserves are recorded in the period in which the change in estimate occurs. Our self-insurance liability is presented on a gross basis without consideration of insurance recoveries and amounts we have paid on behalf of and expect to recover from other parties, if any. Estimates of insurance recoveries and amounts we have paid on behalf of and expect to recover from other parties, if any, are recorded as receivables when such recoveries are considered probable. As of December 31, 2021, our accrual for incurred but not reported construction defect claims was $5.1 million. As of December 31, 2020, we had no accrual recorded for incurred but not reported construction defect claims. ReclassificationsCertain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Income TaxesIn December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (which we refer to as “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (which we refer to as “ASU”) No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes” (which we refer to as “ASU 2019-12”). The standard simplifies the accounting for income taxes, eliminates certain exceptions, and clarifies certain aspects of ASC 740 to promote consistency among reporting entities. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2021 with no material effect on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. |