meeting. The secretary or, in his or her absence, an assistant secretary of the Corporation, or in the absence of the secretary and all assistant secretaries, a person appointed by the chairman, shall act as secretary of the meeting.
Section 11. VACANCIES. If for any reason any or all the Directors cease to be Directors, such event shall not terminate the Corporation, or affect these Bylaws or the powers of the remaining Directors hereunder (even if fewer than a quorum of Directors remain). Any vacancy (including a vacancy created by an increase in the number of Directors) shall be filled, at any regular meeting or at any special meeting called for that purpose, by a majority of the Directors, even if the remaining Directors do not constitute a quorum. Any individual so elected as Director shall hold office for the unexpired term of the Director he or she is replacing and until a successor is elected and qualifies.
Section 12. COMPENSATION. Directors shall not receive any stated salary for their services as Directors but, by resolution of the Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee thereof, may receive compensation per year and/or per meeting and for any service or activity they performed or engaged in as Directors. Directors may be reimbursed for expenses of attendance, if any, at each annual, regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof; and for their expenses, if any, in connection with any service or activity performed or engaged in as Directors; but nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any Directors from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.
Section 13. LOSS OF DEPOSITS. No Director shall be liable for any loss which may occur by reason of the failure of the bank, trust company, savings and loan association or other institution with whom moneys or stock have been deposited.
Section 14. SURETY BONDS. Unless required by law, no Director shall be obligated to give any bond or surety or other security for the performance of any of his or her duties.
Section 15. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS. The stockholders may remove any Director in the manner provided in the Charter.
Section 16. RELIANCE. Each Director, officer, employee and agent of the Corporation shall, in the performance of his or her duties with respect to the Corporation, be fully justified and protected with regard to any act or failure to act in reliance in good faith upon the books of account or other records of the Corporation, upon an opinion of counsel or upon reports made to the Corporation by any of its officers or employees or by the adviser, accountants, appraisers or other experts or consultants selected by the Directors or officers of the Corporation, as to matters which the Director, officer, employee or agent reasonably believes to be within the person’s professional or expert competence, regardless of whether such counsel or expert may also be a Director.
Section 17. RATIFICATION. The Board of Directors or the stockholders may ratify and make binding on the Corporation any action or inaction by the Corporation or its officers to the extent that the Board of Directors or the stockholders could have originally authorized the matter. Moreover, any action or inaction questioned in any stockholders’ derivative proceeding or any other proceeding on the ground of lack of authority, defective or irregular execution, adverse interest of a Director, officer or stockholder, non-disclosure, miscomputation, the application of improper principles or practices of accounting or otherwise, may be ratified, before or after judgment, by the Board of Directors or by the stockholders, and if so ratified, shall have the same force and effect as if the questioned action or inaction had been originally duly authorized, and such ratification shall be binding upon the Corporation and its stockholders and shall constitute a bar to any claim or execution of any judgment in respect of such questioned action or inaction.