b. Revenue Recognition, Security Transactions, and Realized/Unrealized Gains or Losses
Interest income, adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount, is recorded on an accrual basis. Origination, closing, commitment, and amendment fees, and purchase and original issue discounts associated with loans to portfolio companies are accreted into interest income over the respective terms of the applicable loans. Accretion of discounts or premiums is calculated by the effective interest or straight-line method, as applicable, as of the purchase date and adjusted only for material amendments or prepayments. Upon the prepayment of a loan or debt security, any prepayment penalties are included in other fee income and unamortized fees and discounts are recorded as interest income and are non-recurring in nature.
Management reviews all loans that become 90 days or more past due on principal or interest or when there is reasonable doubt that principal or interest will be collected for possible placement on non-accrual status. Accrued and unpaid interest is generally reversed when a loan is placed on non-accrual status. Interest payments received on non-accrual loans may be recognized as income or applied to principal depending upon management’s judgment regarding collectability. Non-accrual loans are restored to accrual status when past due principal and interest is paid and, in management’s judgment, are likely to remain current, although management may make exceptions to this general rule if the loan has sufficient collateral value and is in the process of collection. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had five loans on non-accrual status, 1888 Industrial Services, LLC – Term B, DSG Entertainment Services, Inc, and the American Teleconferencing Services, Ltd. (d/b/a Premiere Global Services, Inc.) first lien loan, revolver, and second lien loans, and one loan on partial non-accrual status, Fusion Connect Inc. – Take-Back Term Loan, which collectively represented 1.51% of the Company’s portfolio at fair value. As of June 30, 2021, the Company had four loans on non-accrual status, 1888 Industrial Services, LLC – Term B, DSG Entertainment Services, Inc, and the American Teleconferencing Services, Ltd. (d/b/a Premiere Global Services, Inc.) first and second lien loans, and one loan on partial non-accrual status, Fusion Connect Inc. – Take-Back Term Loan, which collectively represented 1.7% of the Company’s portfolio at fair value.
Dividend income is recorded on the ex-dividend date.
Origination, closing, commitment, and amendment fees, and purchase and original issue discounts associated with loans to portfolio companies are accreted into interest income over the respective terms of the applicable loans. Accretion of discounts or premiums is calculated by the effective interest or straight-line method, as applicable, as of the purchase date and adjusted only for material amendments or prepayments. Upon the prepayment of a loan or debt security, any prepayment penalties are included in other fee income and unamortized fees and discounts are recorded as interest income and are non-recurring in nature.
During the three months ended September 30, 2021, $275,250 of prepayment penalties and unamortized discounts upon prepayment were recorded as interest income. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, $523,930 of prepayment penalties and unamortized discounts upon prepayment were recorded as interest income.
Investment transactions are accounted for on a trade-date basis. Realized gains or losses on investments are determined by calculating the difference between the net proceeds from the disposition and the amortized cost basis of the investments, without regard to unrealized gains or losses previously recognized. Realized gains or losses on the sale of investments are calculated using the specific identification method. The Company reports changes in fair value of investments as a component of the net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The Company holds debt investments in its portfolio that contain a payment-in-kind (“PIK”) interest provision. PIK interest, which represents contractually deferred interest added to the investment balance that is generally due at maturity, is recorded on an accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are expected to be collected. PIK interest is not accrued if the Company does not expect the issuer to be able to pay all principal and interest when due.
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