General and Administrative Expenses- including related party costs
During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we incurred general and administrative expenses of $1.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively. The $0.1 million, or 10%, increase in the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023, was mainly associated with increased legal expenses, as part of our recurring business. General and administrative expenses are comprised of legal, consultancy, audit, executive services, administrative services and Board of Directors remuneration fees, as well as other miscellaneous expenditures, essential to conduct our business.
Management fees- related party
During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we incurred management fees of $3.3 million and $3.2 million, respectively, or a daily fee of $3,005 and $2,917 per vessel per day, respectively. The 3.1% increase in the management fees in the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023, is consistent with the annual daily rate increase prescribed in our management agreement.
Depreciation
Depreciation expense increased by 1.3%, or $0.2 million, to $16.0 million in the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, from $15.8 million during the same period in 2023, due to vessel improvements that were carried out after June 30, 2023.
Interest and finance costs
For the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, interest and finance costs were $18.4 million and $19.5 million, respectively. The decrease of $1.1 million, or 5.6%, in period interest and finance costs was mainly due to the reduction in interest-bearing debt in the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the corresponding period in 2023, which was partly offset by the increase in the weighted average interest rate in the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to the corresponding period of 2023.
Gain on derivative instruments, net
On May 7, 2020, we entered into a floating to fixed interest rate swap transaction effective from June 29, 2020. It provided a fixed 3-month SOFR rate of 0.41% based on notional values that reflect the amortization schedule of 100% of our debt then outstanding under our 5-year syndicated $675 million senior secured term loan (the “$675 Million Credit Facility”). The interest rate swap did not qualify for hedge accounting and during the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we recognized a gain on the derivative financial instruments, net of $1.7 million and $5.0 million, respectively. We have since repaid the $675 Million Credit Facility in full.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We operate in a capital-intensive industry and we expect to finance the purchase of additional vessels and other capital expenditures through a combination of borrowings from debt transactions, cash generated from operations, equity financing, and other financing transactions. Our liquidity requirements relate to servicing the principal and interest on our debt, paying distributions when, as, and if declared by our Board of Directors, funding capital expenditures and working capital, and maintaining cash reserves for the purpose of satisfying the liquidity covenants contained in our Lease Financing or other debt agreements we may enter into from time to time. Our funding and treasury activities are intended to maximize investment returns while maintaining appropriate liquidity.
For the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, our principal sources of funds were our operating cash. We frequently monitor our capital needs by projecting our fixed income, expenses, and debt obligations and seek to maintain adequate cash reserves to compensate for any budget overruns.
Our short-term liquidity requirements relate to servicing the principal and interest on our debt and funding of the necessary working capital, including vessel operating expenses and payments under our vessel management agreements with our Manager.
Our long-term liquidity requirements relate primarily to funding capital expenditures, including the potential acquisition of additional vessels, and repaying our long-term debt and other financial liabilities.
During the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, we generated net cash from operating activities of $34.1 million, as compared to $22.4 million in the same period in 2023, which represents an increase of $11.7 million, or 52.2%. This increase in net cash from operating activities was mainly attributable to favorable working capital changes.