Investments | Investments (a) Available-for-Sale Securities The cost or amortized cost, fair value, and gross unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities were as follows: March 31, 2016 Cost or Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Equity securities: Common stock $ 53,625 $ 1,656 $ (18,318 ) $ 36,963 Preferred stock 1,631 32 — 1,663 Fixed maturities: U.S. Treasury 23,268 1,440 — 24,708 States and political subdivision bonds 186,714 5,831 (174 ) 192,371 Foreign government 40,316 1,793 (106 ) 42,003 Corporate bonds 1,409,644 47,427 (33,096 ) 1,423,975 Residential mortgage-backed securities 361,004 11,013 (62 ) 371,955 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 119,878 2,143 (1,958 ) 120,063 Structured securities 231,590 1,472 (7,636 ) 225,426 Total $ 2,427,670 $ 72,807 $ (61,350 ) $ 2,439,127 Less: Securities pledged 126,482 2,615 — 129,097 Total net of Securities pledged $ 2,301,188 $ 70,192 $ (61,350 ) $ 2,310,030 NGHC $ 2,172,069 $ 72,807 $ (61,350 ) $ 2,183,526 Reciprocal Exchanges 255,601 — — 255,601 Total $ 2,427,670 $ 72,807 $ (61,350 ) $ 2,439,127 December 31, 2015 Cost or Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Equity securities: Common stock $ 53,356 $ 569 $ (6,960 ) $ 46,965 Preferred stock 11,448 377 — 11,825 Fixed maturities: U.S. Treasury 19,348 1,052 (48 ) 20,352 Federal agencies 1,945 7 — 1,952 States and political subdivision bonds 193,017 4,516 (609 ) 196,924 Foreign government 31,383 31 (352 ) 31,062 Corporate bonds 1,375,336 22,224 (47,902 ) 1,349,658 Residential mortgage-backed securities 419,293 6,254 (978 ) 424,569 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 135,134 720 (3,649 ) 132,205 Structured securities 205,024 15 (4,347 ) 200,692 Total $ 2,445,284 $ 35,765 $ (64,845 ) $ 2,416,204 Less: Securities pledged 54,955 439 — 55,394 Total net of Securities pledged $ 2,390,329 $ 35,326 $ (64,845 ) $ 2,360,810 NGHC $ 2,199,714 $ 34,773 $ (58,826 ) $ 2,175,661 Reciprocal Exchanges 245,570 992 (6,019 ) 240,543 Total $ 2,445,284 $ 35,765 $ (64,845 ) $ 2,416,204 The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale fixed maturities and securities pledged, held as of March 31, 2016 , by contractual maturity, are shown in the table below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because some borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. NGHC Reciprocal Exchanges Total March 31, 2016 Cost or Amortized Cost Fair Value Cost or Amortized Cost Fair Value Cost or Amortized Cost Fair Value Due in one year or less $ 26,271 $ 24,965 $ — $ — $ 26,271 $ 24,965 Due after one year through five years 265,906 268,129 27,107 27,107 293,013 295,236 Due after five years through ten years 1,001,823 1,024,657 159,563 159,563 1,161,386 1,184,220 Due after ten years 373,458 366,659 37,403 37,403 410,861 404,062 Mortgage-backed securities 449,943 461,078 30,940 30,940 480,883 492,018 Total $ 2,117,401 $ 2,145,488 $ 255,013 $ 255,013 $ 2,372,414 $ 2,400,501 (b) Investment Income The components of net investment income consisted of the following: Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 2015 Interest Cash and short-term investments $ 684 $ 5 Equity securities 333 75 Fixed maturities 19,739 15,006 Investment income 20,756 15,086 Investment expense (1,638 ) (1,212 ) Repurchase agreements interest expense (144 ) (70 ) Other income (1) 2,696 2,344 Net Investment Income $ 21,670 $ 16,148 NGHC $ 21,670 $ 14,109 Reciprocal Exchanges — 2,039 Net Investment Income $ 21,670 $ 16,148 (1 ) Includes interest income of $2,188 and $2,188 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively, under the ACP Re Credit Agreement (see Note 14, "Related Party Transactions"). (c) Realized Gains and Losses Proceeds from sales of equity securities and fixed maturities during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were $81,805 and $53,402 , respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , the Company recognized an other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI") loss of $0 and $1,016 , respectively, on investments based on our qualitative and quantitative review. The tables below indicate the gross realized gains and losses (including any OTTI) for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 . Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 Gross Gains Gross Losses Net Gains (Losses) Equity securities $ 442 $ (2 ) $ 440 Fixed maturities 4,199 (1,022 ) 3,177 Total gross realized gains and losses $ 4,641 $ (1,024 ) $ 3,617 NGHC $ 4,641 $ (1,024 ) $ 3,617 Total gross realized gains and losses $ 4,641 $ (1,024 ) $ 3,617 Three Months Ended March 31, 2015 Gross Gains Gross Losses Net Gains (Losses) Fixed maturities $ 2,624 $ (421 ) $ 2,203 OTTI — (1,016 ) (1,016 ) Total gross realized gains and losses $ 2,624 $ (1,437 ) $ 1,187 NGHC $ 1,773 $ (1,279 ) $ 494 Reciprocal Exchanges 851 (158 ) 693 Total gross realized gains and losses $ 2,624 $ (1,437 ) $ 1,187 (d) Unrealized Gains and Losses Unrealized gains (losses) on investments as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following: March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Net unrealized loss on common stock $ (16,662 ) $ (6,391 ) Net unrealized gain on preferred stock 32 377 Net unrealized gain (loss) on fixed maturities 28,087 (23,066 ) Net unrealized loss on other — (20 ) Deferred income tax (4,009 ) 10,185 Net unrealized gain (loss), net of deferred income tax $ 7,448 $ (18,915 ) NGHC $ 7,448 $ (15,634 ) Reciprocal Exchanges — (3,281 ) Net unrealized gain (loss), net of deferred income tax 7,448 (18,915 ) Non-controlling interest — 3,281 NGHC net unrealized gain (loss), net of deferred income tax $ 7,448 $ (15,634 ) Period Ended: NGHC change for the year-to-date period in net unrealized gain (loss), net of deferred income tax $ 23,082 $ (40,632 ) Non-controlling interest change for the year-to-date period in net unrealized gain (loss), net of deferred income tax $ — $ (3,964 ) (e) Gross Unrealized Losses The tables below summarize the gross unrealized losses on equity securities and fixed maturities by length of time the security has continuously been in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 : Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total March 31, 2016 Fair Unrealized No. of Fair Unrealized No. of Fair Unrealized Common stock $ 26,934 $ (18,280 ) 4 $ 139 $ (38 ) 3 $ 27,073 $ (18,318 ) States and political subdivision bonds 5,840 (95 ) 7 2,751 (79 ) 7 8,591 (174 ) Foreign government 15,259 (106 ) 1 — — — 15,259 (106 ) Corporate bonds 215,855 (19,902 ) 61 39,388 (13,194 ) 17 255,243 (33,096 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 3,626 (60 ) 6 260 (2 ) 2 3,886 (62 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 51,685 (1,958 ) 20 — — — 51,685 (1,958 ) Structured securities 120,411 (7,636 ) 57 — — — 120,411 (7,636 ) Total $ 439,610 $ (48,037 ) 156 $ 42,538 $ (13,313 ) 29 $ 482,148 $ (61,350 ) NGHC $ 439,610 $ (48,037 ) 156 $ 42,538 $ (13,313 ) 29 $ 482,148 $ (61,350 ) Total $ 439,610 $ (48,037 ) 156 $ 42,538 $ (13,313 ) 29 $ 482,148 $ (61,350 ) Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total December 31, 2015 Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses No. of Positions Held Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses No. of Positions Held Fair Market Value Unrealized Losses Common stock $ 39,490 $ (6,932 ) 5 $ 130 $ (28 ) 2 $ 39,620 $ (6,960 ) U.S. Treasury 7,141 (48 ) 5 — — — 7,141 (48 ) States and political subdivision bonds 17,674 (501 ) 22 4,878 (108 ) 10 22,552 (609 ) Foreign government 21,322 (352 ) 4 — — — 21,322 (352 ) Corporate bonds 684,613 (37,919 ) 229 32,121 (9,983 ) 38 716,734 (47,902 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 102,889 (919 ) 23 1,655 (59 ) 9 104,544 (978 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 66,222 (3,472 ) 30 2,364 (177 ) 2 68,586 (3,649 ) Structured securities 153,042 (4,347 ) 65 — — — 153,042 (4,347 ) Total $ 1,092,393 $ (54,490 ) 383 $ 41,148 $ (10,355 ) 61 $ 1,133,541 $ (64,845 ) NGHC $ 988,188 $ (50,599 ) 284 $ 28,691 $ (8,227 ) 34 $ 1,016,879 $ (58,826 ) Reciprocal Exchanges 104,205 (3,891 ) 99 12,457 (2,128 ) 27 116,662 (6,019 ) Total $ 1,092,393 $ (54,490 ) 383 $ 41,148 $ (10,355 ) 61 $ 1,133,541 $ (64,845 ) There were 185 and 444 securities at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively, that account for the gross unrealized loss, none of which are deemed by the Company to be an OTTI. At March 31, 2016 , the Company determined that the unrealized losses on fixed maturities were primarily due to market interest rate and credit quality movements since their date of purchase. At March 31, 2016 , the Company determined that the unrealized losses on common stock were primarily due to market movements of equities in the energy transportation sector. Significant factors influencing the Company’s determination that none of these securities were OTTI included the magnitude of unrealized losses in relation to cost, the nature of the investment and management’s intent not to sell these securities and it being more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these investments before anticipated recovery of fair value to the Company’s cost basis. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , of the $13,313 and $10,355 , respectively, of unrealized losses related to securities in unrealized loss positions for a period of twelve or more consecutive months, $5,022 and $8,466 , respectively, of those unrealized losses were related to securities in unrealized loss positions greater than or equal to 20% of amortized cost or cost. Those unrealized losses were evaluated based on factors such as discounted cash flows and near-term and long-term prospects of the issue or issuer and were determined to have adequate resources to fulfill contractual obligations. (f) Credit Quality of Investments The tables below summarize the credit quality of our fixed maturities, securities pledged and preferred securities as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , as rated by Standard & Poor’s. NGHC Reciprocal Exchanges March 31, 2016 Cost or Amortized Cost Fair Value Percentage of Fixed Maturities and Preferred Securities Cost or Amortized Cost Fair Value Percentage of Fixed Maturities and Preferred Securities U.S. Treasury $ 17,281 $ 18,721 0.9 % $ 5,987 $ 5,987 2.3 % AAA 406,900 420,832 19.6 % 28,594 28,594 11.2 % AA, AA+, AA- 352,194 361,387 16.8 % 28,010 28,010 11.0 % A, A+, A- 568,651 584,768 27.2 % 79,738 79,738 31.2 % BBB, BBB+, BBB- 625,805 636,464 29.7 % 105,475 105,475 41.3 % BB+ and lower 147,613 124,391 5.8 % 7,797 7,797 3.0 % Total $ 2,118,444 $ 2,146,563 100.0 % $ 255,601 $ 255,601 100.0 % NGHC Reciprocal Exchanges December 31, 2015 Cost or Amortized Cost Fair Value Percentage of Fixed Maturities and Preferred Securities Cost or Amortized Cost Fair Value Percentage of Fixed Maturities and Preferred Securities U.S. Treasury $ 13,416 $ 14,448 0.7 % $ 5,932 $ 5,904 2.5 % AAA 343,128 348,073 16.4 % 39,724 38,888 16.2 % AA, AA+, AA- 379,560 383,888 18.0 % 36,866 36,934 15.4 % A, A+, A- 501,409 508,884 23.9 % 50,612 50,153 20.8 % BBB, BBB+, BBB- 634,250 623,742 29.3 % 82,417 80,322 33.4 % BB+ and lower 274,594 249,660 11.7 % 30,020 28,343 11.7 % Total $ 2,146,357 $ 2,128,695 100.0 % $ 245,571 $ 240,544 100.0 % The tables below summarize the investment quality of our corporate bond holdings and industry concentrations as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . March 31, 2016 AAA AA+, A+,A,A- BBB+, BB+ or Fair % of Corporate Bonds: Financial institutions 1.5 % 4.0 % 18.6 % 14.2 % 0.6 % $ 553,429 38.9 % Industrials — % 3.3 % 16.5 % 30.5 % 5.9 % 800,940 56.2 % Utilities/Other — % — % 1.1 % 2.6 % 1.2 % 69,606 4.9 % Total 1.5 % 7.3 % 36.2 % 47.3 % 7.7 % $ 1,423,975 100.0 % NGHC 1.5 % 6.6 % 31.1 % 40.1 % 7.2 % $ 1,231,552 86.5 % Reciprocal Exchanges — % 0.7 % 5.1 % 7.2 % 0.5 % 192,423 13.5 % Total 1.5 % 7.3 % 36.2 % 47.3 % 7.7 % $ 1,423,975 100.0 % December 31, 2015 AAA AA+, A+,A,A- BBB+, BB+ or Fair % of Corporate Bonds: Financial institutions — % 2.8 % 21.2 % 12.7 % 2.1 % $ 524,250 38.8 % Industrials — % 3.9 % 15.4 % 32.3 % 4.6 % 757,907 56.2 % Utilities/Other 0.4 % — % 0.4 % 3.4 % 0.8 % 67,501 5.0 % Total 0.4 % 6.7 % 37.0 % 48.4 % 7.5 % $ 1,349,658 100.0 % NGHC 0.4 % 6.1 % 33.9 % 42.7 % 6.3 % $ 1,206,442 89.4 % Reciprocal Exchanges — % 0.6 % 3.1 % 5.7 % 1.2 % 143,216 10.6 % Total 0.4 % 6.7 % 37.0 % 48.4 % 7.5 % $ 1,349,658 100.0 % (g) Restricted Cash and Investments The Company, in order to conduct business in certain states, is required to maintain letters of credit or assets on deposit to support state mandated regulatory requirements and certain third party agreements. The Company also utilizes trust accounts to collateralize business with its reinsurance counterparties. These assets held are primarily in the form of cash or certain high grade securities. The fair values of our restricted assets as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are as follows: March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Restricted cash $ 11,647 $ 13,776 Restricted investments - fixed maturities, at fair value 41,971 40,174 Total $ 53,618 $ 53,950 (h) Other Investments The table below summarizes the composition of Other investments as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 : March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Limited partnerships, equity method $ 36,175 $ 5,691 Investments at cost or amortized cost 17,915 7,340 Total $ 54,090 $ 13,031 (i) Reverse Repurchase and Repurchase Agreements The Company enters into reverse repurchase and repurchase agreements, which are accounted for as either collateralized lending or borrowing transactions and are recorded at contract amounts, which approximate fair value. For the collateralized borrowing transactions (i.e., repurchase agreements), the Company receives cash or securities that it invests or holds in short-term or fixed income securities. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , the Company had no collateralized lending transaction principal outstanding. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , the Company had collateralized borrowing transaction principal outstanding of $114,196 and $52,484 , respectively, at interest rates of 0.75% and 0.80% , respectively. Interest expense associated with the repurchase borrowing agreements for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 was $144 and $70 , respectively. The Company had $129,097 and $55,394 of collateral pledged in support for these agreements as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively. The table below summarizes the remaining contractual maturity of the Company's repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . March 31, 2016 Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Repurchase Agreements Overnight and Continuous Up to 30 days 30 - 90 days Greater Than 90 days Total Repurchase agreements: Residential mortgage-backed securities $ — $ 114,196 $ — $ — $ 114,196 Total Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, at contract value $ — $ 114,196 $ — $ — $ 114,196 December 31, 2015 Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Repurchase Agreements Overnight and Continuous Up to 30 days 30 - 90 days Greater Than 90 days Total Repurchase agreements: Residential mortgage-backed securities $ — $ 52,484 $ — $ — $ 52,484 Total Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, at contract value $ — $ 52,484 $ — $ — $ 52,484 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (repurchase agreements), at contract value are accounted for as collateralized borrowing transactions and are recorded at their contracted repurchase amounts, plus accrued interest. Under repurchase agreements, the Company borrows cash from a counterparty at an agreed-upon interest rate for an agreed-upon time frame and the Company transfers either corporate debt securities or U.S. government or government agency securities (pledged collateral). For securities repurchase agreements, the cash received is typically invested in cash equivalents, short-term investments or fixed maturities, with the offsetting obligation to repay the loan included as a liability in the consolidated balance sheets. At the end of the agreement, the counterparty returns the collateral to the Company, and the Company, in turn, repays the loan amount along with the agreed-upon interest. There are potential risks associated with repurchase agreements and the related collateral pledged, including obligations arising from a decline in the market value of the collateral pledged. The Company is generally required to maintain collateral in the amount of 105.0% to 110.0% of the value of the securities we have sold with agreement to repurchase, which are subject to daily mark-to-market margining (i.e., if the collateral falls in value, a margin call can be triggered requiring the Company to pay cash or post extra securities to maintain the 105.0% to 110.0% threshold). Conversely, if the value of the Company’s collateral pledged appreciates in value there is credit risk that the lending counterparty could default and not return/sell the securities back. The Company minimizes the credit risk that counterparties might be unable to fulfill their contractual obligations by monitoring its counterparty exposure and related collateral pledged. Additionally, repurchase agreements are only transacted with pre-approved counterparties. |