LOANS RECEIVABLE | 6. LOANS RECEIVABLE Loans receivable consist of the following: September 30, September 30, 2021 2020 (Dollars in Thousands) One-to-four family residential $ 202,330 $ 233,872 Multi-family residential 76,122 31,100 Commercial real estate 165,992 139,943 Construction and land development 205,413 260,648 Loans to financial institutions — 6,000 Commercial business 57,236 12,916 Leases — 176 Consumer 530 604 Total loans 707,623 685,259 Undisbursed portion of loans-in-process (80,620) (86,862) Deferred loan fees (280) (1,794) Allowance for loan losses (8,517) (8,303) Net loans $ 618,206 $ 588,300 The Company originates loans to customers located primarily in its market area of eastern Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey and southern New York. The ultimate repayment of these loans at September 30, 2021 is dependent, to a certain degree, on the state of the economy and real estate market in these areas. The following table summarizes the loans individually and collectively evaluated for impairment by loan segment at September 30, 2021: One to four Multi-family Commercial Construction and Commercial family residential residential real estate land development business Consumer Unallocated Total (Dollars in Thousands) Allowance for loan losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,665 1,051 2,220 1,968 799 15 799 8,517 Total ending allowance balance $ 1,665 $ 1,051 $ 2,220 $ 1,968 $ 799 $ 15 $ 799 $ 8,517 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 3,006 $ — $ 1,280 $ 4,093 $ — $ — $ 8,379 Collectively evaluated for impairment 199,324 76,122 164,712 201,320 57,236 530 699,244 Total loans $ 202,330 $ 76,122 $ 165,992 $ 205,413 $ 57,236 $ 530 $ 707,623 The following table summarizes the loans individually and collectively evaluated for impairment by loan segment at September 30, 2020: One to Loans to four Multi-family Commercial Construction and Commercial financial family residential residential real estate land development business institutions Leases Consumer Unallocated Total (Dollars in Thousands) Allowance for loan losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,877 460 1,989 2,888 194 89 3 6 797 8,303 Total ending allowance balance $ 1,877 $ 460 $ 1,989 $ 2,888 $ 194 $ 89 $ 3 $ 6 $ 797 $ 8,303 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 3,095 $ — $ 1,417 $ 8,525 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 13,037 Collectively evaluated for impairment 230,777 31,100 138,526 252,123 12,916 6,000 176 604 672,222 Total loans $ 233,872 $ 31,100 $ 139,943 $ 260,648 $ 12,916 $ 6,000 $ 176 $ 604 $ 685,259 The loan portfolio is segmented at a level that allows management to monitor risk and performance. Management evaluates all loans classified as substandard or lower and loans delinquent 90 or more days for potential impairment. Loans are considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Once the determination is made that a loan is impaired, the determination of whether a specific allocation of the allowance, or charge off, is necessary is generally measured by comparing the recorded investment in the loan to the fair value of the loan using one of the following three methods: (a) the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (b) the loan’s observable market price; or (c) the fair value of the collateral less selling costs. Management primarily utilizes the fair value of collateral method as a practically expedient alternative. The following table presents impaired loans by class, segregated by those for which a specific allowance was required and those for which a specific allowance was not necessary as of September 30, 2021: Impaired Loans with Impaired Loans with No Specific Specific Allowance Allowance Total Impaired Loans (Dollars in Thousands) Unpaid Recorded Related Recorded Recorded Principal Investment Allowance Investment Investment Balance One-to-four family residential $ — $ — $ 3,006 $ 3,006 $ 3,304 Commercial real estate — — 1,280 1,280 1,457 Construction and land development — — 4,093 4,093 4,340 Total $ — $ — $ 8,379 $ 8,379 $ 9,101 The following table presents impaired loans by class, segregated by those for which a specific allowance was required and those for which a specific allowance was not necessary as of September 30, 2020: Impaired Loans with Impaired Loans with No Specific Specific Allowance Allowance Total Impaired Loans (Dollars in Thousands) Unpaid Recorded Related Recorded Recorded Principal Investment Allowance Investment Investment Balance One-to-four family residential $ — $ — $ 3,095 $ 3,095 $ 3,482 Commercial real estate — — 1,417 1,417 1,600 Construction and land development — — 8,525 8,525 10,906 Total $ — $ — $ 13,037 $ 13,037 $ 15,988 The following tables present the average investment in impaired loans and related interest income recognized for the periods indicated: Year Ended September 30, 2021 Average Income Recorded Income Recognized Recognized on Investment on Accrual Basis Cash Basis (Dollars in Thousands) One-to-four family residential $ 3,212 $ 18 $ 13 Commercial real estate 1,336 — — Construction and land development 6,697 — — Total impaired loans $ 11,245 $ 18 $ 13 Year Ended September 30, 2020 Average Income Recorded Income Recognized Recognized on Investment on Accrual Basis Cash Basis (Dollars in Thousands) One-to-four family residential $ 3,825 $ 13 $ 26 Multi-family residential 56 — — Commercial real estate 1,549 — 1 Construction and land development 8,685 — — Commercial business 2 — — Consumer 24 — — Total impaired loans $ 14,141 $ 13 $ 27 Year Ended September 30, 2019 Average Income Recorded Income Recognized Recognized on Investment on Accrual Basis Cash Basis (Dollars in Thousands) One-to-four family residential $ 4,685 $ 77 $ 22 Multi-family residential 145 10 — Commercial real estate 2,139 36 4 Construction and land development 8,751 — — Total $ 15,720 $ 123 $ 26 Federal banking regulations and our policies require that the Bank utilize an internal asset classification system as a means of reporting problem and potential problem assets. The Bank has incorporated an internal asset classification system, consistent with Federal banking regulations, as a part of the credit monitoring system. Management currently classifies problem and potential problem assets as “special mention,” “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss” assets. An asset is considered “substandard” if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. “Substandard” assets include those characterized by the “distinct possibility” that the insured institution will sustain “some loss” if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified “substandard” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make “collection or liquidation in full,” on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, “highly questionable and improbable.” Assets classified as “loss” are those considered “uncollectible” and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a specific loss reserve is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the insured institution to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses are required to be designated “special mention.” The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio in which a formal risk weighting system is utilized summarized by the aggregate “Pass” and the criticized category of “special mention”, and the classified categories of “substandard” and “doubtful” within the Bank’s risk rating system. The Bank had no loans classified as “doubtful” or “loss” at either of the dates presented. September 30, 2021 Special Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Total (Dollars in Thousands) One-to-four residential $ 197,920 $ 1,404 $ 3,006 $ — $ 202,330 Multi-family residential 71,497 4,625 — — 76,122 Commercial real estate 162,657 2,055 1,280 — 165,992 Construction and land development 201,320 — 4,093 — 205,413 Loans to financial institutions — — — — — Commercial business 57,236 — — — 57,236 Total $ 690,630 $ 8,084 $ 8,379 $ — $ 707,093 September 30, 2020 Special Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Total (Dollars in Thousands) One-to-four residential $ 229,361 $ 1,416 $ 3,095 $ — $ 233,872 Multi-family residential 31,100 — — — 31,100 Commercial real estate 128,527 9,999 1,417 — 139,943 Construction and land development 252,123 — 8,525 — 260,648 Loans to financial institutions 6,000 — — — 6,000 Commercial business 12,916 — — — 12,916 Total $ 660,027 $ 11,415 $ 13,037 $ — $ 684,479 The following tables present loans in which a formal risk rating system is not utilized, but loans are segregated between performing and non-performing based primarily on delinquency status: September 30, 2021 Non- Performing Performing Total (Dollars in Thousands) Consumer $ 530 $ — $ 530 September 30, 2020 Non- Performing Performing Total (Dollars in Thousands) Leases $ 176 $ — $ 176 Consumer 604 — 604 Total $ 780 $ — $ 780 Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is due. The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aging categories of performing loans and non-accrual loans: September 30, 2021 90 Days+ 30 ‑ 89 Days 90 Days + Total Total Non- Past Due Current Past Due Past Due Past Due Loans Accrual and Accruing (Dollars in Thousands) One-to-four family residential $ 199,799 $ 487 $ 2,044 $ 2,531 $ 202,330 $ 3,006 $ — Multi-family residential 76,122 — — — 76,122 — — Commercial real estate 164,712 — 1,280 1,280 165,992 1,280 — Construction and land development 201,320 — 4,093 4,093 205,413 4,093 — Commercial business 57,236 — — — 57,236 — — Consumer 493 37 — 37 530 — — Total Loans $ 699,682 $ 524 $ 7,417 $ 7,941 $ 707,623 $ 8,379 $ — September 30, 2020 90 Days+ 30 ‑ 89 Days 90 Days + Total Total Non- Past Due Current Past Due Past Due Past Due Loans Accrual and Accruing (Dollars in Thousands) One-to-four family residential $ 231,196 $ 523 $ 2,153 $ 2,676 $ 233,872 $ 3,095 $ — Multi-family residential 31,100 — — — 31,100 — — Commercial real estate 136,225 2,301 1,417 3,718 139,943 1,417 — Construction and land development 252,123 — 8,525 8,525 260,648 8,525 — Commercial business 12,916 — — — 12,916 — — Loans to financial institutions 6,000 — — — 6,000 — — Leases 176 — — — 176 — Consumer 604 — — — 604 — — Total Loans $ 670,340 $ 2,824 $ 12,095 $ 14,919 $ 685,259 $ 13,037 $ — Interest income on non-accrual loans would have increased by approximately $513,000, $748,000, and $786,000, during fiscal years ended September 30, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, if these loans had performed in accordance with their original terms. The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense. Management maintains the allowance at a level believed to cover all known and inherent losses in the portfolio that are both probable and reasonable to estimate at each reporting date. Management reviews the allowance for loan losses no less than quarterly in order to identify those inherent losses and to assess the overall collection probability for the loan portfolio in view of these inherent losses. For each primary type of loan, a loss factor is established reflecting an estimate of the known and inherent losses in such loan type using both a quantitative analysis as well as consideration of qualitative factors. The evaluation process includes, among other things, an analysis of delinquency trends, nonperforming loan trends, the level of charge-offs and recoveries, prior loss experience, total loans outstanding, the volume of loan originations, the type, size and geographic concentration of our loans, the value of collateral securing the loans, the borrowers’ ability to repay and repayment performance, the number of loans requiring heightened management oversight, local economic conditions and industry experience. Commercial real estate loans entail significant additional credit risks compared to one-to-four family residential mortgage loans, as they generally involve large loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. In addition, the payment experience on loans secured by income-producing properties typically depends on the successful operation of the related real estate project and/or business of the borrower who is also the primary occupant, and thus may be subject to a greater extent to the effects of adverse conditions in the real estate market and in the economy in general. Commercial business loans typically involve a higher risk of default than residential loans of like duration since their repayment is generally dependent on the successful operation of the borrower’s business and the sufficiency of collateral, if any. Land acquisition, development and construction lending exposes us to greater credit risk than permanent mortgage financing. The repayment of land acquisition, development and construction loans depends upon the sale of the property to third parties or the availability of permanent financing upon completion of all improvements. These events may adversely affect the borrower and the value of the collateral property. The following tables summarize the primary segments of the allowance for loan losses, segmented into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of September 30, 2021, 2020 and 2019. Activity in the allowance is presented for the years ended September 30, 2021, 2020 and 2019: Year Ended September 30, 2021 One to Multi- Construction Loans to four family family Commercial and land Commercial financial residential residential real estate development business institutions Leases Consumer Unallocated Total (In Thousands) ALLL balance at September 30, 2020 $ 1,877 $ 460 $ 1,989 $ 2,888 $ 194 $ 89 $ 3 $ 6 $ 797 $ 8,303 Charge-offs — — — (40) — — — — — (40) Recoveries 5 — — — 14 — — 35 — 54 Provision (217) 591 231 (880) 591 (89) (3) (26) 2 200 ALLL balance at September 30, 2021 $ 1,665 $ 1,051 $ 2,220 $ 1,968 $ 799 $ — $ — $ 15 $ 799 $ 8,517 Year Ended September 30, 2020 One to Multi- Construction Loans to four family family Commercial and land Commercial financial residential residential real estate development business institutions Leases Consumer Unallocated Total (In Thousands) ALLL balance at September 30, 2019 $ 1,002 $ 315 $ 1,257 $ 2,034 $ 206 $ 63 $ 5 $ 13 $ 498 $ 5,393 Charge-offs (3) — — — (15) — — (126) — (144) Recoveries 14 — — — — — 9 6 — 29 Provision 864 145 732 854 3 26 (11) 113 299 3,025 ALLL balance at September 30, 2020 $ 1,877 $ 460 $ 1,989 $ 2,888 $ 194 $ 89 $ 3 $ 6 $ 797 $ 8,303 September 30, 2019 One to Multi- Construction Loans to four family family Commercial and land Commercial financial residential residential real estate development business institutions Leases Consumer Unallocated Total (In Thousands) ALLL balance at September 30, 2018 $ 1,325 $ 347 $ 1,154 $ 1,554 $ 187 $ 64 $ 18 $ 17 $ 501 $ 5,167 Charge-offs (7) — — — — — (31) — — (38) Recoveries 164 — — — — — — — — 164 Provision (480) (32) 103 480 19 (1) 18 (4) (3) 100 ALLL balance at September 30, 2019 $ 1,002 $ 315 $ 1,257 $ 2,034 $ 206 $ 63 $ 5 $ 13 $ 498 $ 5,393 The provision credit for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021 applicable to one to four family residential loans and construction and land development loans was commensurate with the decrease in the applicable portfolio. The increase in provision expense for fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 was primarily applicable to the uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in provision expense for fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 applicable to the increase in construction and land development was due to the increase in the portfolio, while the provision credit for the one to four family residential loans decreased due to the decrease in the portfolio. Loans acquired in the merger with Polonia Bancorp were recorded at fair value with no carryover of the related allowance for loan losses. Management measured loan fair values based on loan file reviews, appraised collateral values, expected cash flows, and historical loss factors of Polonia Bank. The fair value of the loans acquired was $160.8 million net of a $4.6 million discount of which $2.1 million of the discount remained as of September 30, 2021. The discount is accreted to interest income over the remaining contractual life of the loans acquired. All loans that had a loan-to-value ratio of greater than 80% were determined to have sufficient collateral to recover the carrying amount. Thus, none of the loans acquired were considered to be purchased credit-impaired loans and any possible loss would be considered immaterial. Management established a provision for loan losses of $200,000, $3.0 million and $100,000 for the years ended September 30, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The provision for loan losses was deemed necessary for fiscal 2021 primarily to maintain the allowance at a level sufficient to cover all inherent and probable losses in the current portfolio. Minimal delinquencies have occurred as of September 30, 2021 due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. There were no loan deferments outstanding as of September 30, 2021 and all previously existing COVID-19 deferrals had ended by September 30, 2020. Two participation interests in commercial real estate loans aggregating $10.0 million, or 1.5% of total loans, each entered into a subsequent deferral period during October 2020 and returned to normal payment status upon expiration of the deferral period. These deferments were not considered to be TDRs as of September 30, 2020 as all applicable borrowers were current as of December 31, 2019 and the request for the deferments were related to the current economic conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and not by underlying weaknesses within the respective loans. The Company believes that the allowance for loan losses at September 30, 2021 was sufficient to cover all inherent and probable losses associated with the loan portfolio at such date. At September 30, 2021, the Company’s non-performing assets totaled $12.5 million or 1.1% of total assets as compared to $13.0 million or 1.1% of total assets at September 30, 2020. Non-performing assets at September 30, 2021 included three construction loans aggregating $4.1 million, 18 one-to-four family residential loans aggregating $3.0 million, two commercial real estate loans aggregating $1.3 million and two construction loans aggregating $4.1 million that were foreclosed during the third quarter of fiscal 2021 and are held as other real estate owned. At September 30, 2021, the Company had two loans totaling $1.1 million that were classified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). One TDR is on non-accrual and consists of a $390,000 loan secured by a single-family residential property and is performing in accordance with the restructured terms. The remaining TDR is a $705,000 commercial real estate loan classified as non-accrual and is part of a lending relationship totaling $6.0 million (after taking into account the previously disclosed $1.9 million write-down recognized during the quarter ending March 31, 2017 related to this borrowing relationship and the two construction loans noted above that became other real estate owned during fiscal 2021). There were no TDRs approved in 2021, 2020 or 2019. All of the existing TDRs involved changes in the interest rates on the loans; no debt was forgiven. At September 30, 2021, both of the two then-existing TDR loans were classified as non-performing. At September 30, 2021, the Company had five one-to-four family residential loans with a carrying amount of $613,000 that are secured by residential real estate property for which foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local jurisdictions. |