Description of business, basis of presentation, and summary of significant accounting policies | NOTE 1 — Description of business, basis of presentation, and summary of significant accounting policies Description of Business Gannett Co., Inc. ("Gannett", "we", "us", "our", or the "Company") is a subscription-led and digitally focused media and marketing solutions company committed to empowering communities to thrive. We aim to be the premiere source for clarity, connections and solutions within our communities. Our strategy is focused on driving audience growth and engagement by delivering deeper content experiences to our consumers, while offering the products and marketing expertise our advertisers desire. The execution of this strategy is expected to allow the Company to continue its evolution from a more traditional print media business to a digitally focused content platform. Until November 19, 2019, our corporate name was New Media Investment Group Inc. ("New Media") and Gannett Co., Inc. was a separate publicly traded company. On November 19, 2019, New Media completed its acquisition of Gannett Co., Inc. (which was renamed Gannett Media Corp. and is referred to as "Legacy Gannett"). In connection with the acquisition, New Media changed its name to Gannett Co., Inc. and assumed Legacy Gannett's ticker symbol "GCI" (having previously traded under "NEWM"). As a result of the acquisition, historical results for 2019 represents legacy New Media’s results up to and through the date of the acquisition plus the new consolidated company’s results of operations for the approximately six-week period between the date of acquisition and the 2019 fiscal year end. Our current portfolio of media assets includes USA TODAY, local media organizations in 46 states in the U.S. and Guam, and Newsquest, a wholly owned subsidiary operating in the United Kingdom ("U.K.") with more than 120 local news media brands. Gannett also owns the digital marketing services companies ReachLocal, Inc. ("ReachLocal"), UpCurve, Inc. ("UpCurve"), and WordStream, Inc. ("WordStream"), which are marketed under the LOCALiQ brand, and runs the largest media-owned events business in the U.S., USA TODAY NETWORK Ventures. Through USA TODAY, our local property network, and Newsquest, Gannett delivers high-quality, trusted content where and when consumers want to engage on virtually any device or platform. Additionally, the Company has strong relationships with thousands of local and national businesses in both our U.S. and U.K. markets due to our large local and national sales forces and a robust advertising and marketing solutions product suite. The Company reports in two operating segments, Publishing and Digital Marketing Solutions ("DMS ") , plus a corporate and other category. A full description of our segments is included in Note 14 — Segment reporting. COVID-19 Pandemic: The newspaper industry and the Company have experienced declining same-store revenue and profitability over the past several years, and these industry trends are expected to continue in the future. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company experienced additional revenue and profitability declines in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. More specifically, during March 2020, the Company began to experience decreased demand for its advertising and digital marketing services, commercial print and distribution services, as well as reductions in the single copy and commercial distribution of its newspapers. At this point, the Company’s newspaper production operations have not been significantly impacted and the vast majority of the Company's non-production employees are currently working remotely. However, the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant negative impact on the Company's business and results of operations during the year ended December 31, 2020. Longer-term, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company's business and results of operations will depend on the severity and length of the pandemic, the duration and extent of the mitigation measures and governmental actions designed to combat the pandemic, as well as the changes in customer behavior as a result of the pandemic, all of which are highly uncertain. As a result, the Company has implemented, and continues to implement, measures to reduce costs and preserve cash flow. These measures include refinancing our debt to reduce costs, suspension of the quarterly dividend, and decreases in employee compensation through the third quarter, as well as reductions in discretionary spending. In addition, the Company has deferred certain payroll tax remittance as permitted under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") and negotiated the deferral of pension contributions, as well as continuing with its previously disclosed plan to monetize non-core assets. The Company believes these initiatives, along with cash on hand and cash provided by operating activities, will provide sufficient cash flow to enable the Company to meet its commitments. However, these measures are not expected to fully offset the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company's business and results of operations. Basis of presentation The consolidated financial statements include all the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows of entities which Gannett controls due to ownership of a majority voting interest ("subsidiaries"). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates and judgments inherent in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements include pension and postretirement benefit obligation assumptions, income taxes, goodwill and intangible asset impairment analysis, valuation of property, plant and equipment and the mark to market of the conversion feature associated with debt. Fiscal year: Starting in 2019 and subsequent to our acquisition of Legacy Gannett, our fiscal period end coincides with the Gregorian calendar. In periods prior to the acquisition, our fiscal periods ended on the last Sunday of the calendar month. Reclassifications: Certain amounts in prior period consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Pursuant to our acquisition of Legacy Gannett, in the fourth quarter of 2019 we realigned the presentation of marketing services revenues generated by our UpCurve subsidiary from Other revenues to Advertising and marketing services revenues on the Consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). As a result of this updated presentation, Advertising and marketing services revenues increased and Other revenues decreased $58.2 million for the year ended December 30, 2018. Operating revenues, net income, retained earnings, and earnings per share remained unchanged. We also realigned the presentation of facility consolidation charges incurred by New Media to reflect the disclosure methodology of the combined Company. As a result of this updated presentation, Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased and Integration and reorganization costs increased by $4.8 million. Net income, retained earnings, and earnings per share remained unchanged. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash: Cash equivalents represent highly liquid certificates of deposit which have original maturities of three months or less. Restricted cash is held as cash collateral for certain business operations. Restricted cash primarily consists of funding for letters of credit, cash held in an irrevocable grantor trust for our deferred compensation plans and cash held with banking institutions for insurance plans. The following table presents a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash: Year ended December 31, In thousands 2020 2019 2018 Cash and cash equivalents $ 170,725 $ 156,042 $ 48,651 Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets 11,356 10,800 4,119 Restricted cash included in other assets 24,645 21,822 — Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 206,726 $ 188,664 $ 52,770 Accounts receivable: Accounts receivable are stated at amounts due from customers, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts is based upon several factors including the length of time the receivables are past due, historical payment trends and current economic factors. The Company generally does not require collateral. Inventories: Inventory consists principally of newsprint, which is valued at the lower of net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method. Property, plant, and equipment, software development costs and depreciation: Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost or at fair value for property, plant and equipment related to acquired businesses. Routine maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is calculated under the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives. Leasehold improvements are amortized under the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. We capitalize costs to develop software for internal use when it is determined the development efforts will result in new or additional functionality or new products. Costs incurred prior to meeting these criteria and costs associated with ongoing maintenance are expensed as incurred and included in Operating costs in the accompanying Consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Property, plant and equipment and software development costs are evaluated for impairment in accordance with our policy for amortizable intangible assets and other long-lived assets. A breakout of property, plant and equipment and software is presented below: Year ended December 31, In thousands 2020 2019 Useful Life (Up to) Land $ 74,549 $ 105,805 Buildings and improvements 348,591 416,537 40 years Machinery and equipment 426,348 474,418 30 years Furniture, fixtures and computer software (a) 96,739 82,651 10 years Construction in progress 6,074 13,687 Total 952,301 1,093,098 Less: accumulated depreciation (362,029) (277,291) Property, plant and equipment, net $ 590,272 $ 815,807 (a) Costs capitalized as internal use software are amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 3 to 5 years. Depreciation expense was $155.3 million, $67.2 million, and $50.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019, and December 30, 2018, respectively. Business combinations: The operating results of the acquired business are reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of the acquisition date. We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is assigned to the reporting unit that benefits from the synergies arising from the business combination. When determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, we make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred. Critical estimates in valuing certain identifiable assets include, but are not limited to, expected long-term revenues, future expected operating expenses, cost of capital, and appropriate discount rates. Our estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. Goodwill, intangible and long-lived assets: Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, net of liabilities assumed. Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of newspaper mastheads and finite-lived intangible assets consist of advertiser, customer and subscriber relationships, we well as trade names, and developed technology. Newspaper mastheads are not amortized because it has been determined that the useful lives of such mastheads are indefinite. Intangible assets that have finite useful lives are amortized over those useful lives. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually on the last day of our second quarter or between annual tests if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. We perform our impairment analysis on each of our reporting units. We evaluate our reporting units annually, as well as when changes in our operating structure occur. The Company has the option to qualitatively assess whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If the Company elects to perform a qualitative assessment and concludes it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is equal to or greater than its carrying value, no further assessment of that reporting unit’s goodwill is necessary; otherwise goodwill must be tested for impairment. In the quantitative test, we are required to determine the fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. Fair value of the reporting unit is defined as the price that would be received to sell the unit as a whole in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company generally determines the fair value of a reporting unit using a combination of a discounted cash flow analysis and a market-based approach. Estimates of fair value include inputs that are subjective in nature, involve uncertainties, and involve matters of significant judgment that are made at a specific point in time. Changes in key assumptions from period to period could significantly affect the estimates of fair value. Significant assumptions used in the fair value estimates include projected revenues and related growth rates over time, projected operating cash flow margins, discount rates, and future economic and market conditions. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the estimate of fair value, we calculate the impairment as the excess of the carrying value of goodwill over its implied fair value. Indefinite-lived intangible assets, which are newspaper mastheads, are tested for impairment annually on the last day of our second quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. The impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of each group of mastheads with their carrying amount. We used a relief from royalty approach which utilizes a discounted cash flow model to determine the fair value of newspaper mastheads. Our judgments and estimates of future operating results in determining the reporting unit fair values are consistently applied in determining the fair value of mastheads. The Company assesses the recoverability of its long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The evaluation is performed by asset group, which is the lowest level of identifiable cash flows independent of other assets. The assessment of recoverability is based on management’s estimates by comparing the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows generated by the underlying asset groups to its carrying value of the asset groups to determine whether an impairment existed at its lowest level of identifiable cash flows. If the carrying amount of the asset group is greater than the expected undiscounted cash flows to be generated by the asset group, an impairment is recognized to the extent the carrying value of such asset group exceeds its fair value. All three of our reporting units have goodwill balances. See Note 6 — Goodwill and intangible assets for a discussion of impairment charges taken on Goodwill in the second fiscal quarter of 2020. We have not subsequently identified any indicators of impairment that would indicate our reporting units are at risk of failing the goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test. Income taxes: Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company establishes a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. See Note 11 — Income taxes for further discussion. We also evaluate any uncertain tax positions and recognize a liability for the tax benefit associated with an uncertain tax position if it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities upon consideration of the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We record a liability for uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Any change in judgment related to the expected ultimate resolution of uncertain tax positions is recognized in earnings in the period in which such change occurs. Fair value of financial instruments: The carrying value of the Company’s cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments. An estimate of the fair value of the Company’s debt and embedded conversion option is disclosed in Note 8 — Debt. For further details surrounding our policies on fair value measurement, including the fair values of our pension plan assets, refer to Note 10 — Fair value measurement. Deferred financing costs: Deferred financing costs consist of costs incurred in connection with debt financings and are recorded as a contra-liability in Long-term debt on the Consolidated balance sheets. Such costs are amortized using the effective interest method over the estimated remaining term of the debt. This amortization represents a component of Interest expense. Advertising costs: Advertising costs are expensed in the period incurred. The Company incurred total advertising expenses for the years ended December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019, and December 30, 2018 of $50.0 million, $26.8 million, and $18.2 million, respectively. Pension and postretirement liabilities: Pension and other postretirement benefit costs under our defined benefit retirement plans are actuarially determined. For plans with frozen benefits, we recognize the cost of postretirement benefits such as pension, medical, and life insurance benefits on an accrual basis over the average life expectancy of employees expected to receive such benefits. For active plans, costs are recognized over the estimated average future service period. See Note 9 — Pensions and other postretirement benefit plans for further details. Self-insurance liability accruals: The Company maintains self-insured medical and workers’ compensation programs. The Company purchases stop loss coverage from third parties, which limits our exposure to large claims. The Company records a liability for healthcare and workers’ compensation costs during the period in which they occur, including an estimate of incurred but not reported claims. Concentration of risk: Due to the distributed nature of our operations, we are not subject to significant concentrations of risk relating to customers, products, or geographic locations. Our foreign revenues, principally from businesses in the U.K. and ReachLocal international operations, totaled approximately $231.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Our long-lived assets in foreign countries, principally in the U.K. and ReachLocal international operations, totaled approximately $280.1 million at December 31, 2020. Leases: We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in Operating lease assets, Other current liabilities, and Long-term operating lease liabilities on our Consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The rates implicit within the Company's leases are generally not determinable; therefore, the Company uses judgment to determine the incremental borrowing rate used to calculate the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate for each lease is primarily based on publicly available information for companies within the same industry and with similar credit profiles and adjusted for the impact of collateralization, the lease term, and other specific terms included in the Company’s lease arrangements. ROU assets are assessed for impairment in accordance with the Company’s accounting policy for long-lived assets. Our lease terms include options to extend or terminate. The period which is subject to an option to extend the lease is included in the lease term if it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. The period which is subject to an option to terminate the lease is included if it is reasonably certain that the option will not be exercised. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For certain equipment leases, we apply a portfolio approach to account for the operating lease ROU assets and liabilities. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities: A breakout is presented below: Year ended December 31, In thousands 2020 2019 Accounts payable $ 131,797 $ 146,995 Compensation 115,061 131,006 Taxes (primarily property and sales taxes) 30,834 18,073 Benefits 22,821 33,070 Interest 3,676 23,602 Other 74,057 100,882 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 378,246 $ 453,628 Loss contingencies: We are subject to various legal proceedings, claims, and regulatory matters, the outcomes of which are subject to significant uncertainty. We determine whether to disclose or accrue for loss contingencies based on an assessment of whether the risk of loss is remote, reasonably possible, or probable and whether it can be reasonably estimated. We accrue for loss contingencies when such amounts are probable and reasonably estimable. If a contingent liability is only reasonably possible, we will disclose the potential range of the loss if material and estimable. Foreign currency translation: The statements of income of foreign operations have been translated to U.S. dollars using the average currency exchange rates in effect during the relevant period. The balance sheets have been translated using the currency exchange rates as of the end of the accounting period. The impact of currency exchange rate changes on the translation of the balance sheets are included in Comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and are classified as Accumulated other comprehensive income in the Consolidated balance sheets and Consolidated statements of equity. Supplementary cash flow information: Supplementary cash flow information, including non-cash investing and financing activities, are as follows: Year Ended In thousands December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 December 30, 2018 Net cash (refund) paid for taxes $ (3,964) $ 1,192 $ 1,272 Cash paid for interest 218,110 40,208 31,178 Accrued capital expenditures 544 2,227 69 Common stock issued in exchange for Legacy Gannett shares — 391,809 — Recent accounting pronouncements adopted The following are new accounting pronouncements which we have adopted in fiscal year 2020: Financial Instruments—Credit Losses: In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued new guidance which amends the principles around the recognition of credit losses by mandating entities incorporate an estimate of current expected credit losses when determining the value of certain assets. The guidance also amends reporting around allowances for credit losses on available-for-sale marketable securities. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. Adopting this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 4 — Accounts Receivable, net for further details. Intangibles—Internal Use Software : In August 2018, the FASB issued new guidance which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. The guidance can be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. This guidance was adopted prospectively and did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Capitalized costs are recognized within prepaid expenses and other current assets or other assets within the consolidated balance sheet. Fair Value Measurement—Disclosure Framework: In August 2018, the FASB issued new guidance that changes disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements as part of the disclosure framework project. The disclosure framework project aims to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to the financial statements by focusing on requirements that clearly communicate the most important information to users of the financial statements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. Adopting this guidance did not have a material impact on our Consolidated financial statements. Compensation—Retirement Plans: In August 2018, the FASB issued new guidance that changes disclosures related to defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans as part of the disclosure framework project. This guidance is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Adopting this guidance did not have a material impact on our Consolidated financial statements. Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted The following are new accounting pronouncements that we are evaluating for future impacts on our financial position: Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes: In December 2019, the FASB issued new guidance that simplifies the accounting for income taxes. The guidance amends the rules for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod tax allocations and calculating income taxes in interim periods. It also reduces complexity in certain areas, including accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the provisions of the updated guidance and assessing the impact on our Consolidated financial statements. |