Credit Loss Allowance and Credit Quality | Credit Loss Allowance and Credit Quality Credit Loss Allowance The Company estimates credit losses on individually acquired retail installment contracts and personal loans held for investment based on delinquency status, historical loss experience, estimated values of underlying collateral, when applicable, and various economic factors. The Company maintains a general credit loss allowance for receivables from dealers based on risk ratings, and individually evaluates the loans for specific impairment as necessary. The credit loss allowance for receivables from dealers is comprised entirely of general allowances as none of these receivables have been determined to be individually impaired. The activity in the credit loss allowance for individually acquired loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 Retail Installment Receivables Personal Loans (a) Retail Installment Receivables Personal Loans Balance — beginning of period $ 3,129,646 $ 968 $ 384,735 $ 2,668,587 $ 923 $ 212,954 Provision for credit losses 640,113 (42 ) 105,813 601,414 (275 ) 167,409 Charge-offs (b) (1,108,435 ) — (499,010 ) (932,145 ) — (86,512 ) Recoveries 497,778 — 8,462 455,343 — 6,574 Balance — end of period $ 3,159,102 $ 926 $ — $ 2,793,199 $ 648 $ 300,425 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 Retail Installment Receivables Personal Loans (a) Retail Installment Contracts Acquired Individually Receivables from Dealers Held for Investment Personal Loans Balance — beginning of period $ 2,726,338 $ 674 $ 348,660 $ 2,132,634 $ 1,090 $ 179,350 Provision for credit losses 1,761,084 252 324,634 1,785,482 (442 ) 299,750 Charge-offs (b) (2,870,711 ) — (695,918 ) (2,385,675 ) — (194,426 ) Recoveries 1,569,508 — 22,624 1,260,758 — 15,751 Transfers to held for sale (27,117 ) — — — — — Balance — end of period $ 3,159,102 $ 926 $ — $ 2,793,199 $ 648 $ 300,425 (a) As of September 30, 2015 all of the Company's personal loans were classified as held for sale. (b) Charge-offs of retail installment contracts acquired individually include lower of cost or market adjustments of $64,140 and $73,388 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 , respectively. Charge-offs of personal loans include lower of cost or market adjustments of $377,598 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 , which were charged off against the credit loss allowance. During the third quarter of 2015, the Company removed the volatility associated with seasonality assumptions from the loss provisioning model for individually acquired retail installment contracts. The impact of removing the seasonality assumptions from the loss provisioning model was a $134,017 decrease in the provision for credit losses and the credit loss allowance. The impairment activity related to purchased receivables portfolios for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2015 2014 2015 2014 Balance — beginning of period $ 179,903 $ 197,844 $ 189,275 $ 226,356 Incremental provisions for purchased receivables portfolios 175 1,606 475 3,281 Incremental reversal of provisions for purchased receivables portfolios (2,675 ) (6,490 ) (12,347 ) (36,677 ) Balance — end of period $ 177,403 $ 192,960 $ 177,403 $ 192,960 The Company estimates lease losses on the capital lease receivable portfolio based on delinquency status, loss experience to date, and consideration of similarity between this portfolio and individually acquired retail installment contracts as well as various economic factors. The activity in the lease loss allowance for capital leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2015 2014 2015 2014 Balance — beginning of period $ 15,570 $ — $ 9,589 $ — Provision for lease losses 756 6,106 14,758 6,106 Charge-offs (11,304 ) — (30,694 ) — Recoveries 8,277 — 19,646 — Balance — end of period $ 13,299 $ 6,106 $ 13,299 $ 6,106 Delinquencies Retail installment contracts and personal amortizing term loans are classified as non-performing when they are greater than 60 days past due as to contractual principal or interest payments. Dealer receivables are classified as non-performing when they are greater than 90 days past due. At the time a loan is placed in non-performing status, previously accrued and uncollected interest is reversed against interest income. If an account is returned to a performing status, the Company returns to accruing interest on the contract. The accrual of interest on revolving personal loans continues until the loan is charged off. A summary of delinquencies as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 is as follows: September 30, 2015 Retail Installment Contracts Held for Investment Personal Loans (a) Loans Acquired Individually Purchased Receivables Portfolios Total Principal, 31-60 days past due $ 2,176,539 $ 39,106 $ 2,215,645 $ 63,422 Delinquent principal over 60 days 1,012,042 22,429 1,034,471 165,759 Total delinquent principal $ 3,188,581 $ 61,535 $ 3,250,116 $ 229,181 December 31, 2014 Retail Installment Contracts Held for Investment Personal Loans Acquired Individually Purchased Receivables Portfolios Total Principal, 31-60 days past due $ 2,319,203 $ 131,634 $ 2,450,837 $ 52,452 Delinquent principal over 60 days 1,030,580 72,473 1,103,053 138,400 Total delinquent principal $ 3,349,783 $ 204,107 $ 3,553,890 $ 190,852 (a) As of September 30, 2015 all of the Company's personal loans were classified as held for sale. The balances in the above tables reflect total unpaid principal rather than net investment before allowance; the difference is considered insignificant. As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 , there were no receivables from dealers or retail installment contracts held for sale that were 31 days or more delinquent. Delinquencies on the capital lease portfolio, which began in 2014, were immaterial as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 . FICO ® Distribution — A summary of the credit risk profile of the Company’s consumer loans by FICO ® distribution, determined at origination, as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 was as follows: September 30, 2015 FICO ® Band Retail Installment Contracts Held for Investment (a) Personal Loans (b)(c) <540 28.2% 3.2% 540-599 36.2% 18.3% 600-639 20.4% 21.6% >640 15.2% 56.9% December 31, 2014 FICO ® Band Retail Installment Contracts Held for Investment (a) Personal Loans (b) <540 26.4% 3.3% 540-599 32.6% 20.1% 600-639 20.5% 21.4% >640 20.5% 55.2% (a) Unpaid principal balance excluded from the FICO ® distribution is $4,317,476 and $2,945,297 as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 , respectively, as the borrowers on these loans did not have FICO ® scores at origination. (b) Unpaid principal balance excluded from the FICO ® distribution is an insignificant amount of loans to borrowers that did not have FICO scores at origination. (c) As of September 30, 2015 all of the Company's personal loans were classified as held for sale. Commercial Lending Credit Quality Indicators — The credit quality of receivables from dealers, which are considered commercial loans, is summarized according to standard regulatory classifications as follows: Pass — Asset is well-protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or guarantors, if any, or by the fair value less costs to acquire and sell any underlying collateral in a timely manner. Special Mention — Asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention, which, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for an asset at some future date. Special Mention assets are not adversely classified. Substandard — Asset is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. A well-defined weakness or weaknesses exist that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. The loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful — Exhibits the inherent weaknesses of a substandard credit. Additional characteristics exist that make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values. Possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the credit, an estimated loss cannot yet be determined. Loss — Credit is considered uncollectible and of such little value that it does not warrant consideration as an active asset. There may be some recovery or salvage value, but there is doubt as to whether, how much or when the recovery would occur. As discussed in Note 2, the Company has $1,058,560 of fleet retail installment contracts with commercial borrowers. The Company's risk department performs a commercial analysis and classifies certain loans over an internal threshold based on the classifications above. As of September 30, 2015 , $2,986 of fleet loans were classified as Special Mention; the remaining fleet portfolio borrowers with balances over the classification threshold all were classified as Pass. Commercial loan credit quality indicators for receivables from dealers held for investment as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 were as follows: September 30, December 31, Pass $ 68,010 $ 97,903 Special Mention 8,283 2,261 Substandard — — Doubtful — — Loss — — Unpaid principal balance $ 76,293 $ 100,164 Troubled Debt Restructurings In certain circumstances, the Company modifies the terms of its finance receivables to troubled borrowers. Modifications may include a reduction in interest rate, an extension of the maturity date, rescheduling of future cash flows, or a combination thereof. A modification of finance receivable terms is considered a TDR if the Company grants a concession to a borrower for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties that would not otherwise have been considered. Management considers TDRs to include all individually acquired retail installment contracts that have been modified at least once, deferred for a period of 90 days or more, or deferred at least twice. Additionally, restructurings through bankruptcy proceedings are deemed to be TDRs. For personal loans, restructurings due to credit counseling or hardship also are considered TDRs. The purchased receivables portfolio and operating and capital leases are excluded from the scope of the applicable guidance. As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 , there were no receivables from dealers classified as a TDR. The table below presents the Company’s TDRs as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 : September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 Retail Installment Contracts Personal Loans Retail Installment Contracts Personal Loans Outstanding recorded investment $ 4,385,422 $ 15,696 $ 4,207,037 $ 17,356 Impairment (1,402,215 ) (12,568 ) (797,240 ) (6,939 ) Outstanding recorded investment, net of impairment $ 2,983,207 $ 3,128 $ 3,409,797 $ 10,417 A summary of the Company’s delinquent TDRs at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 , is as follows: September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 Retail Installment Contracts Personal Loans Retail Installment Contracts Personal Loans Principal, 31-60 days past due $ 858,206 $ 1,647 $ 929,095 $ 1,595 Delinquent principal over 60 days 447,587 4,326 515,235 5,131 Total delinquent TDR principal $ 1,305,793 $ 5,973 $ 1,444,330 $ 6,726 A loan that has been classified as a TDR remains so until the loan is liquidated through payoff or charge-off. Consistent with other of the Company’s retail installment contracts, TDRs are placed on nonaccrual status when the account becomes past due more than 60 days , and returns to accrual status when the account is 60 days or less past due. Average recorded investment and income recognized on TDR loans are as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 September 30, 2014 Retail Installment Contracts Personal Loans Retail Installment Contracts Personal Loans Average outstanding recorded investment in TDRs $ 4,714,984 $ 16,991 $ 3,412,644 $ 17,484 Interest income recognized $ 179,618 $ 1,002 $ 130,716 $ 449 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 September 30, 2014 Retail Installment Contracts Personal Loans Retail Installment Contracts Personal Loans Average outstanding recorded investment in TDRs $ 4,563,305 $ 17,150 $ 3,060,141 $ 13,240 Interest income recognized $ 566,508 $ 2,220 $ 363,305 $ 1,169 TDR Impact on Allowance for Credit Losses For loans not classified as TDRs, the Company generally estimates an appropriate allowance for credit losses based on delinquency status, the Company’s historical loss experience, estimated values of underlying collateral, and various economic factors. Once a loan has been classified as a TDR, it is assessed for impairment based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's original effective interest rate considering all available evidence. The following table summarizes the financial effects of TDRs that occurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 : Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 September 30, 2014 Retail Installment Contracts Personal Loans Retail Installment Contracts Personal Loans Outstanding recorded investment before TDR $ 828,828 $ 5,270 $ 951,012 $ 6,284 Outstanding recorded investment after TDR $ 821,731 $ 5,241 $ 948,164 $ 6,311 Number of contracts 40,506 4,416 57,829 5,653 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 September 30, 2014 Retail Installment Contracts Personal Loans Retail Installment Contracts Personal Loans Outstanding recorded investment before TDR $ 2,691,827 $ 15,048 $ 2,318,685 $ 13,032 Outstanding recorded investment after TDR $ 2,679,230 $ 14,961 $ 2,228,375 $ 12,978 Number of contracts 152,016 12,555 141,582 11,788 A TDR is considered to have subsequently defaulted upon charge off, which for retail installment contracts is at the earlier of the date of repossession or 120 days past due and for revolving personal loans is generally the month in which the receivable becomes 180 days past due. Loan restructurings accounted for as TDRs within the previous twelve months that subsequently defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 are summarized in the following table: Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 September 30, 2014 Retail Installment Contracts Personal Loans Retail Installment Contracts Personal Loans Recorded investment in TDRs that subsequently defaulted $ 149,924 $ 2,145 $ 110,528 $ 1,054 Number of contracts 7,192 1,905 10,736 1,015 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 September 30, 2014 Retail Installment Contracts Personal Loans Retail Installment Contracts Personal Loans Recorded investment in TDRs that subsequently defaulted $ 522,433 $ 5,346 $ 230,803 $ 1,801 Number of contracts 34,238 4,919 23,859 1,766 The following table summarizes the cumulative changes of the TDR balance, and its components, for retail installment contracts during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 : Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 September 30, 2014 September 30, 2015 September 30, 2014 Balance — beginning of period $ 5,044,546 $ 3,153,771 $ 4,207,037 $ 2,609,156 New TDRs 821,731 948,164 2,679,230 2,228,375 Charge-offs (373,525 ) (253,850 ) (958,115 ) (654,717 ) Sales (895,449 ) — (904,129 ) — Paydowns (211,881 ) (176,567 ) (638,601 ) (511,296 ) Balance — end of period $ 4,385,422 $ 3,671,518 $ 4,385,422 $ 3,671,518 |