SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation | The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, REIT Holdings, the Operating Partnership and their direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, and joint ventures in which the Company has a controlling interest. All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. |
The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) as contained within the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and the rules and regulations of the SEC. |
Use of Estimates | The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. |
Revenue Recognition, Hotel | The Company’s hotel revenues are comprised of hotel operating revenues, such as room, food and beverage, and revenue from other hotel income (such as telephone, parking and business centers). These revenues are recorded net of any sales or occupancy taxes collected from our guests, as earned. All rebates or discounts are recorded, when allowed, as a reduction in revenue, and there are no material contingent obligations with respect to rebates or discounts offered by us. All revenues are recorded on an accrual basis, as earned. |
The Company leases recreational vehicle campground units under operating leases with terms generally of one year or less. The Company recognizes rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, when collectibility is reasonably assured. |
Revenue Recognition, Real Estate | The Company recognizes minimum rent, including rental abatements, lease incentives and contractual fixed increases attributable to operating leases, on a straight-line basis over the term of the related leases when collectibility is reasonably assured and will record amounts expected to be received in later years as deferred rent receivable. If the lease provides for tenant improvements, the Company will determine whether the tenant improvements, for accounting purposes, are owned by the tenant or the Company. When the Company is the owner of the tenant improvements, the tenant is not considered to have taken physical possession or have control of the physical use of the leased asset until the tenant improvements are substantially completed. When the tenant is the owner of the tenant improvements, any tenant improvement allowance (including amounts that can be taken in the form of cash or a credit against the tenant’s rent) that is funded is treated as a lease incentive and amortized as a reduction of revenue over the lease term. Tenant improvement ownership is determined based on various factors including, but not limited to: |
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• | whether the lease stipulates how a tenant improvement allowance may be spent; |
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• | whether the amount of a tenant improvement allowance is in excess of market rates; |
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• | whether the tenant or landlord retains legal title to the improvements at the end of the lease term; |
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• | whether the tenant improvements are unique to the tenant or general purpose in nature; and |
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• | whether the tenant improvements are expected to have any residual value at the end of the lease. |
The Company records property operating expense reimbursements due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes, and other recoverable costs in the period the related expenses are incurred. |
The Company makes estimates of the collectibility of its tenant receivables related to base rents, including deferred rent, expense reimbursements and other revenue or income. Management will specifically analyze accounts receivable, deferred rents receivable, historical bad debts, customer creditworthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment terms when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. In addition, with respect to tenants in bankruptcy, management will make estimates of the expected recovery of pre-petition and post-petition claims in assessing the estimated collectibility of the related receivable. In some cases, the ultimate resolution of these claims may exceed one year. When a tenant is in bankruptcy, the Company will record a bad debt reserve for the tenant’s receivable balance and generally will not recognize subsequent rental revenue until cash is received or until the tenant is no longer in bankruptcy and has the ability to make rental payments. |
Revenue Recognition, Real Estate Loans Receivable | Interest income on the Company’s real estate loans receivable is recognized on an accrual basis over the life of the investment using the interest method. Direct loan origination or acquisition fees and costs, as well as acquisition premiums or discounts, are capitalized and amortized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to interest income. The Company will place loans on nonaccrual status when any portion of principal or interest is 90 days past due, or earlier when concern exists as to the ultimate collection of principal or interest. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, the Company will reverse the accrual for unpaid interest and generally will not recognize subsequent interest income until cash is received, or the loan returns to accrual status. Generally, a loan may be returned to accrual status when all delinquent principal and interest are brought current in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement and certain performance criteria have been met. |
The Company will recognize interest income on loans purchased at discounts to face value on an accrual basis over the life of the loan using the interest method where the Company expects to collect less than the contractual amounts due under the loan when that expectation is due, at least in part, to the credit quality of the borrower. Income will be recognized at an interest rate equivalent to the estimated yield on the loan, as calculated using the carrying value of the loan and the expected cash flows. Changes in estimated cash flows will be recognized through an adjustment to the yield on the loan on a prospective basis. Projecting cash flows for these types of loans will require the use of assumptions and judgment, which may have a significant impact on the amount and timing of revenue recognized on these investments. The Company will recognize interest income on non-performing loans on a cash basis because these loans generally do not have an estimated yield and collection of principal and interest is not assured. |
Revenue Recognition, Real Estate Securities | The Company will recognize interest income on real estate securities that are beneficial interests in securitized financial assets and are rated “AA” and above on an accrual basis according to the contractual terms of the securities. Discounts or premiums will be amortized to interest income over the life of the investment using the interest method. |
The Company will recognize interest income on real estate securities that are beneficial interests in securitized financial assets that are rated below “AA” using the effective yield method, which will require the Company to periodically project estimated cash flows related to these securities and recognize interest income at an interest rate equivalent to the estimated yield on the security, as calculated using the security’s estimated cash flows and amortized cost basis, or reference amount. Changes in the estimated cash flows will be recognized through an adjustment to the yield on the security on a prospective basis. Projecting cash flows for these types of securities will require significant judgment, which may have a significant impact on the timing of revenue recognized on these investments. |
Revenue Recognition, Cash and Cash Equivalents | The Company will recognize interest income on its cash and cash equivalents as it is earned and will record such amounts as other interest income. |
Real Estate, Depreciation and Amortization | Real estate costs related to the acquisition and improvement of properties are capitalized and amortized over the expected useful life of the asset on a straight-line basis. Repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred and significant replacements and betterments are capitalized. Repair and maintenance costs include all costs that do not extend the useful life of the real estate asset. The Company considers the period of future benefit of an asset to determine its appropriate useful life. Expenditures for tenant improvements will be capitalized and amortized over the shorter of the tenant’s lease term or expected useful life. The Company anticipates the estimated useful lives of its assets by class to be generally as follows: |
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Buildings | 25-40 years |
Building Improvements | 10-25 years |
Tenant Improvements | Shorter of lease term or expected useful life |
Tenant Origination and Absorption Costs | Remaining term of related leases, including below-market renewal periods |
Furniture, fixtures & equipment | 3-12 years |
Real Estate, Real Estate Acquisition Valuation | The Company records the acquisition of income-producing real estate as a business combination. All assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured at their acquisition-date fair values. Acquisition costs are expensed as incurred and restructuring costs that do not meet the definition of a liability at the acquisition date are expensed in periods subsequent to the acquisition date. Real estate obtained in satisfaction of a loan will be recorded at the estimated fair value of the real estate or the fair value of the loan satisfied if more clearly evident. The excess of the carrying value of the loan over the fair value of the property, if any, will be charged-off against the reserve for loan losses when title to the property is obtained. |
Intangible assets include the value of in-place leases, which represents the estimated value of the net cash flows of the in-place leases to be realized, as compared to the net cash flows that would have occurred had the property been vacant at the time of acquisition and subject to lease-up. Acquired in-place lease value are amortized to expense over the average remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective in-place leases, including any below-market renewal periods. |
The Company assesses the acquisition-date fair values of all tangible assets, identifiable intangibles and assumed liabilities using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers, generally utilizing a discounted cash flow analysis that applies appropriate discount and/or capitalization rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors, including historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions. The fair value of tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it were vacant. |
The Company records above-market and below-market in-place lease values for acquired properties based on the present value (using an interest rate that reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of above-market in-place leases and for the initial term plus any extended term for any leases with below-market renewal options. The Company will amortize any recorded above-market or below-market lease values as a reduction or increase, respectively, to rental income over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective lease, including any below-market renewal periods. |
The Company estimates the value of tenant origination and absorption costs by considering the estimated carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods, considering current market conditions. In estimating carrying costs, the Company includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods. |
The Company amortizes the value of tenant origination and absorption costs to depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining non-cancelable term of each respective lease. |
Estimates of the fair values of the tangible assets, identifiable intangibles and assumed liabilities require the Company to make significant assumptions to estimate market lease rates, property-operating expenses, carrying costs during lease-up periods, discount rates, market absorption periods, and the number of years the property will be held for investment. The use of inappropriate assumptions would result in an incorrect valuation of the Company’s acquired tangible assets, identifiable intangibles and assumed liabilities, which would impact the amount of the Company’s net income. |
Direct investments in undeveloped land or properties without leases in place at the time of acquisition will be accounted for as an asset acquisition and not as a business combination. Acquisition fees and expenses are capitalized into the cost basis of an asset acquisition. Additionally, during the time in which the Company is incurring costs necessary to bring these investments to their intended use, certain costs such as legal fees, real estate taxes and insurance and financing costs are also capitalized. |
Real Estate, Impairments of Real Estate and Related Intangible Assets and Liabilities | The Company continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying amounts of its real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities may not be recoverable or realized. When indicators of potential impairment suggest that the carrying value of real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities may not be recoverable, the Company will assess the recoverability by estimating whether the Company will recover the carrying value of the real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities through its undiscounted future cash flows and its eventual disposition. If, based on this analysis, the Company does not believe that it will be able to recover the carrying value of the real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities, the Company will record an impairment loss to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities. |
Projecting future cash flows involves estimating expected future operating income and expenses related to the real estate and its related intangible assets and liabilities as well as market and other trends. Using inappropriate assumptions to estimate cash flows could result in incorrect fair values of the real estate and its related intangible assets and liabilities and could result in the overstatement of the carrying values of the Company’s real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities and an overstatement of its net income. |
Real Estate Loans Receivables and Loan Loss Reserves | The Company’s real estate loans receivable are recorded at amortized cost, net of loan loss reserves (if any), and evaluated for impairment at each balance sheet date. The amortized cost of a real estate loan receivable is the outstanding unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized acquisition premiums or discounts and unamortized costs and fees directly associated with the origination or acquisition of the loan. The amount of impairment, if any, will be measured by comparing the amortized cost of the loan to the present value of the expected cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent and collection of principal and interest is not assured. If a loan is deemed to be impaired, the Company will record a loan loss reserve and a provision for loan losses to recognize impairment. |
A reserve for loan losses is a valuation allowance that reflects management’s estimate of loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. Reserve for loan losses will be adjusted through “Provision for loan losses” on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and decreased by charge-offs to specific loans when losses are confirmed. |
The Company will consider a loan to be impaired when, based upon current information and events, it believes that it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. If the Company purchases a loan at a discount to face value and at the acquisition date the Company expects to collect less than the contractual amounts due under the terms of the loan based, at least in part, on the Company’s assessment of the credit quality of the borrower, the Company will consider such a loan to be impaired when, based upon current information and events, it believes that it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts the Company estimated to be collected at the time of acquisition. The Company will also consider a loan to be impaired if it grants the borrower a concession through a modification of the loan terms or if it expects to receive assets (including equity interests in the borrower) with fair values that are less than the carrying value of the loan in satisfaction of the loan. A reserve will be established when the present value of payments expected to be received, observable market prices, the estimated fair value of the collateral (for loans that are dependent on the collateral for repayment) or amounts expected to be received in satisfaction of a loan are lower than the carrying value of that loan. |
As of December 31, 2014, there was no loan loss reserve and the Company did not record any impairment related to its real estate loan receivable. However, in the future, the Company may experience losses from its investment in loan receivable requiring the Company to record a loan loss reserve. Realized losses could be material and significantly exceed any recorded reserves. |
Failure to recognize impairments would result in the overstatement of earnings and the carrying value of the Company’s real estate loans held for investment. Actual losses, if any, could significantly differ from estimated amounts. |
Real Estate Securities | The Company may invest in securities that it will classify as available-for-sale, since the Company may sell them prior to their maturity but does not hold them principally for the purpose of making frequent investments and sales with the objective of generating profits on short-term differences in price. These investments will be carried at estimated fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Estimated fair values will generally be based on quoted market prices, when available, or on estimates provided by independent pricing sources or dealers who make markets in such securities. In certain circumstances, such as when the market for the securities becomes inactive, the Company may determine it is appropriate to perform an internal valuation of the securities. Upon the sale of a security, the previously recognized unrealized gain (loss) would be reversed out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and the actual realized gain (loss) recognized in earnings. |
On a quarterly basis, the Company will evaluate its real estate securities for other-than-temporary impairment. The Company will review the projected future cash flows from these securities for changes in assumptions due to prepayments, credit loss experience and other factors. If, based on the Company’s quarterly estimate of cash flows, there has been an adverse change in the estimated cash flows from the cash flows previously estimated, the present value of the revised cash flows is less than the present value previously estimated, and the fair value of the securities is less than its amortized cost basis, an other-than-temporary impairment will be deemed to have occurred. |
The Company will be required to distinguish between other-than-temporary impairments related to credit and other-than-temporary impairments related to other factors (e.g., market fluctuations) on its debt securities that it does not intend to sell and where it is not likely that the Company will be required to sell the security prior to the anticipated recovery of its amortized cost basis. The Company will calculate the credit component of the other-than-temporary impairment as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the security and the present value of its estimated cash flows discounted at the yield used to recognize interest income. The credit component will be charged to earnings and the component related to other factors is recorded to other comprehensive income (loss). |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents may include cash and short-term investments. Cash and cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents balance may exceed federally insurable limits. The Company intends to mitigate this risk by depositing funds with a major financial institution; however, these cash balances could be impacted if the underlying financial institutions fail or are subject to other adverse conditions in the financial markets. There were no restrictions on the use of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2014 and 2013. |
Restricted Cash | Restricted cash is comprised of lender impound reserve accounts on the Company’s borrowings for security deposits, property taxes, insurance, debt service obligations and capital improvements and replacements. |
Rents and Other Receivables | The Company will periodically evaluate the collectibility of amounts due from tenants and hotel guests and maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of tenants and hotel guests to make required payments under the terms of lease or hotel agreements. In addition, the Company will maintain an allowance for deferred rent receivable that arises from the straight-lining of rents. The Company will exercise judgment in establishing these allowances and will consider payment history and current credit status of its tenants in developing these estimates. |
Derivative Instruments | The Company enters into derivative instruments for risk management purposes to hedge its exposure to cash flow variability caused by changing interest rates on its variable rate notes payable. The Company records these derivative instruments at fair value on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The changes in fair value for derivative instruments that are not designated as a hedge or that do not meet the hedge accounting criteria are recorded as a component of interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Derivative instruments designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows or other types of forecasted transactions are considered cash flow hedges. The change in fair value of the effective portion of a derivative instrument that is designated as a cash flow hedge is recorded as other comprehensive income (loss) on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) and consolidated statements of equity. |
With respect to derivative instruments designated as a hedge, the Company will formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk-management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes designating all derivative instruments that are part of a hedging relationship to specific forecasted transactions or recognized obligations on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company also assesses and documents, both at the hedging instrument’s inception and on a quarterly basis thereafter, whether the derivative instruments that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows associated with the respective hedged items. When the Company determines that a derivative instrument ceases to be highly effective as a hedge, or that it is probable the underlying forecasted transaction will not occur, the Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively and reclassifies amounts recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to earnings. |
Deferred Financing Costs | Deferred financing costs will represent commitment fees, loan fees, legal fees and other third-party costs associated with obtaining financing. These costs will be amortized over the terms of the respective financing agreements using the interest method. Unamortized deferred financing costs will generally be expensed when the associated debt is refinanced or repaid before maturity unless specific rules are met that would allow for the carryover of such costs to the refinanced debt. Costs incurred in seeking financing transactions that do not close will be expensed in the period in which it is determined that the financing will not close. |
Fair Value Measurements | Under GAAP, the Company is required to measure certain financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis. In addition, the Company is required to measure other financial instruments and balances at fair value on a non-recurring basis (e.g., carrying value of impaired real estate loans receivable and long-lived assets). Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The GAAP fair value framework uses a three-tiered approach. Fair value measurements are classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories: |
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• | Level 1: unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities; |
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• | Level 2: quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model derived valuations in which significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and |
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• | Level 3: prices or valuation techniques where little or no market data is available that requires inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. |
When available, the Company utilizes quoted market prices from an independent third-party source to determine fair value and classify such items in Level 1 or Level 2. In instances where the market for a financial instrument is not active, regardless of the availability of a nonbinding quoted market price, observable inputs might not be relevant and could require the Company to make a significant adjustment to derive a fair value measurement. Additionally, in an inactive market, a market price quoted from an independent third party may rely more on models with inputs based on information available only to that independent third party. When the Company determines that the market for a financial instrument owned by the Company is illiquid or when market transactions for similar instruments do not appear orderly, the Company will use several valuation sources (including internal valuations, discounted cash flow analysis and quoted market prices) and establish a fair value by assigning weights to the various valuation sources. Additionally, when determining the fair value of liabilities in circumstances in which a quoted price in an active market for an identical liability is not available, the Company will measure fair value using (i) a valuation technique that uses the quoted price of the identical liability when traded as an asset or quoted prices for similar liabilities when traded as assets or (ii) another valuation technique that is consistent with the principles of fair value measurement, such as the income approach or the market approach. |
Changes in assumptions or estimation methodologies can have a material effect on these estimated fair values. In this regard, the derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. |
The Company considers the following factors to be indicators of an inactive market: (i) there are few recent transactions, (ii) price quotations are not based on current information, (iii) price quotations vary substantially either over time or among market makers (for example, some brokered markets), (iv) indexes that previously were highly correlated with the fair values of the asset or liability are demonstrably uncorrelated with recent indications of fair value for that asset or liability, (v) there is a significant increase in implied liquidity risk premiums, yields, or performance indicators (such as delinquency rates or loss severities) for observed transactions or quoted prices when compared with the Company’s estimate of expected cash flows, considering all available market data about credit and other nonperformance risk for the asset or liability, (vi) there is a wide bid-ask spread or significant increase in the bid-ask spread, (vii) there is a significant decline or absence of a market for new issuances (that is, a primary market) for the asset or liability or similar assets or liabilities, and (viii) little information is released publicly (for example, a principal-to-principal market). |
The Company considers the following factors to be indicators of non-orderly transactions: (i) there was not adequate exposure to the market for a period before the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets or liabilities under current market conditions, (ii) there was a usual and customary marketing period, but the seller marketed the asset or liability to a single market participant, (iii) the seller is in or near bankruptcy or receivership (that is, distressed), or the seller was required to sell to meet regulatory or legal requirements (that is, forced), and (iv) the transaction price is an outlier when compared with other recent transactions for the same or similar assets or liabilities. |
Redeemable Common Stock | The Company has adopted a share redemption program that may enable stockholders to sell their shares to the Company in limited circumstances. |
There are several limitations on the Company’s ability to redeem shares under the share redemption program: |
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• | Unless the shares are being redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence” (each as defined under the share redemption program), the Company may not redeem the shares until the stockholder has held the shares for one year. |
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• | During each calendar year, the share redemption program limits the number of shares the Company may redeem to those that the Company could purchase with the amount of the net proceeds from the issuance of shares under the dividend reinvestment plan during the prior calendar year. The Company may, however, increase or decrease the funding available for the redemption of shares pursuant to the program upon ten business days’ notice to the stockholders. |
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• | During any calendar year, the Company may redeem no more than 5% of the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the prior calendar year. |
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• | The Company has no obligation to redeem shares if the redemption would violate the restrictions on distributions under Maryland law, which prohibits distributions that would cause a corporation to fail to meet statutory tests of solvency. |
Pursuant to the program, as amended, unless the shares are being redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability,” or “determination of incompetence” (each as defined in the share redemption program), until the Company establishes an estimated value per share of its common stock for a purpose other than to set the price to acquire a share in a primary public offering, the price at which the Company will redeem the shares is as follows: |
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• | For those shares held by the redeeming stockholder for at least one year, 92.5% of the price paid to acquire the shares from the Company; |
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• | For those shares held by the redeeming stockholder for at least two years, 95.0% of the price paid to acquire the shares from the Company; |
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• | For those shares held by the redeeming stockholder for at least three years, 97.5% of the price paid to acquire the shares from the Company; and |
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• | For those shares held by the redeeming stockholder for at least four years, 100% of the price paid to acquire the shares from the Company. |
After the Company establishes an estimated value per share of its common stock for a purpose other than to set the price to acquire a share in a primary public offering and unless the shares are being redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, qualifying disability, or determination of incompetence, the price at which the Company will redeem the shares is as follows: |
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• | For those shares held by the redeeming stockholder for at least one year, 92.5% of the Company’s most recent estimated value per share as of the applicable redemption date; |
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• | For those shares held by the redeeming stockholder for at least two years, 95.0% of the Company’s most recent estimated value per share as of the applicable redemption date; |
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• | For those shares held by the redeeming stockholder for at least three years, 97.5% of the Company’s most recent estimated value per share as of the applicable redemption date; and |
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• | For those shares held by the redeeming stockholder for at least four years, 100% of the Company’s most recent estimated value per share as of the applicable redemption date. |
For purposes of determining the time period a redeeming stockholder has held each share, the time period begins as of the date the stockholder acquired the shares; provided, that shares purchased by the redeeming stockholder pursuant to the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan will be deemed to have been acquired on the same date as the initial share to which the dividend reinvestment plan shares relate. The date of the share’s original issuance by the Company is not determinative. In addition, as described above, the shares owned by a stockholder may be redeemed at different prices depending on how long the stockholder has held each share submitted for redemption. |
The Company expects to establish an estimated value per share for a purpose other than to set the price to acquire a share in a primary public offering no later than the completion of its offering stage. The Company will consider its offering stage complete when it is no longer publicly offering equity securities and has not done so for 18 months. |
The terms of the share redemption program with respect to redemptions sought upon a stockholder’s death, qualifying disability or determination of incompetence are as follows: |
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• | There is no one-year holding requirement; |
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• | Until the Company establishes an estimated value per share for a purpose other than to set the price to acquire a share in a primary public offering, which the Company expects to be no later than the completion of its offering stage (as described above), the redemption price is the amount paid to acquire the shares from the Company; and |
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• | Once the Company has established an estimated value per share for a purpose other than to set the price to acquire a share in a primary public offering, the redemption price would be the estimated value of the shares, as determined by the Company’s board of directors. |
The board may amend, suspend or terminate the share redemption program upon 30 days’ notice to stockholders, provided that the Company may increase or decrease the funding available for the redemption of shares pursuant to the share redemption program upon 10 business days’ notice. |
The Company will record amounts that are redeemable under the share redemption program as redeemable common stock in its consolidated balance sheets because the shares will be mandatorily redeemable at the option of the holder and therefore their redemption will be outside the control of the Company. The maximum amount redeemable under the Company’s share redemption program is limited to the number of shares the Company could redeem with the amount of the net proceeds from the sale of shares under the dividend reinvestment plan during the prior calendar year. However, because the amounts that can be redeemed will be determinable and only contingent on an event that is likely to occur (e.g., the passage of time) the Company will present the net proceeds from the current year and prior year dividend reinvestment plan, net of current year redemptions, as redeemable common stock in its consolidated balance sheets. |
The Company will classify as liabilities financial instruments that represent a mandatory obligation of the Company to redeem shares. The Company’s redeemable common shares are contingently redeemable at the option of the holder. When the Company determines it has a mandatory obligation to repurchase shares under the share redemption program, it will reclassify such obligations from temporary equity to a liability based upon their respective settlement values. |
Related Party Transactions | Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, Dealer Manager Agreement and the Private Offering Dealer Manager Agreement, the Company is or was obligated to pay the Advisor and the Dealer Manager specified fees upon the provision of certain services related to the Public Offering and the Private Offering, the investment of funds in real estate and real estate-related investments, management of the Company’s investments and for other services (including, but not limited to, the disposition of investments). The Company is or was also obligated to reimburse the Advisor and Dealer Manager for organization and offering costs incurred by the Advisor and the Dealer Manager on behalf of the Company, and the Company is obligated to reimburse the Advisor for acquisition and origination expenses and certain operating expenses incurred on behalf of the Company or incurred in connection with providing services to the Company. In addition, the Advisor is entitled to certain other fees, including an incentive fee upon achieving certain performance goals, as detailed in the Advisory Agreement. See note 8, “Related Party Transactions.” |
The Company records all related party fees as incurred, subject to any limitations described in the Advisory Agreement. The Company had not incurred any subordinated participation in net cash flows or subordinated incentive listing fees payable |
Related Party Transactions, Selling Commissions and Dealer Manager Fees | The Company will pay the Dealer Manager up to 6.5% of the gross offering proceeds before reallowance of commissions earned by participating broker-dealers. The Dealer Manager will reallow 100% of commissions earned to participating broker-dealers. No sales commission will be paid on shares sold through the dividend reinvestment plan. |
The Company will pay the Dealer Manager up to 3.0% of gross offering proceeds. No dealer manager fee is payable on shares sold under the dividend reinvestment plan. The Dealer Manager may reallow to any participating broker-dealer up to 1.0% of the gross offering proceeds attributable to that participating broker-dealer as a marketing fee and in special cases the dealer manager may increase the reallowance. A reduced dealer manager fee is payable with respect to certain volume discount sales. |
Related Party Transactions, Organization and Offering Costs | Organization and offering costs (other than selling commissions and dealer manager fees) of the Company may be paid by the Advisor, the Dealer Manager or their affiliates on behalf of the Company or may be paid directly by the Company. These offering costs include all expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the Private Offering and the Public Offering. Organization costs include all expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the formation of the Company, including but not limited to legal fees and other costs to incorporate the Company. The Company reimbursed the Dealer Manager for underwriting compensation in connection with the Private Offering. The Company also paid directly or reimbursed the Dealer Manager for due diligence expenses of broker dealers in connection with the Private Offering. |
During the Private Offering, there was no limit on the amount of organization and offering costs the Company could incur. As of December 31, 2014, the Company had recorded $1,020,623 of offering costs (other than selling commissions and dealer manager fees) related to the Private Offering, of which $956,834 were paid by the Advisor or its affiliates on behalf of the Company. |
During the Public Offering, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement and Dealer Manager Agreement, the Company is obligated to reimburse the Advisor, the Dealer Manager or their affiliates, as applicable, for organization and other offering costs paid by them on behalf of the Company, provided that the Advisor is obligated to reimburse the Company to the extent selling commissions, dealer manager fees and other organization and offering costs incurred by the Company in the Public Offering exceed 15% of gross offering proceeds in the Public Offering. Through December 31, 2014, the Advisor and its affiliates had incurred organization and offering costs on the Company’s behalf in connection with the Public Offering of approximately $2.4 million. The Company will be liable for such costs up to an amount that, when combined with selling commissions and dealer manager fees, does not exceed 15% of the gross proceeds of the Public Offering. The Company commenced the Public Offering on August 12, 2014. As of December 31, 2014, the Company had not made any sales in the Public Offering, and accordingly, has not recorded an obligation to reimburse the Advisor or its affiliates for such costs. Organization costs are expensed as incurred and offering costs, which include selling commissions, dealer manager fees and other offering-related costs, are charged as incurred as a reduction to stockholders’ equity, subject to certain limitations. |
Related Party Transactions, Acquisition and Origination Fees | The Company will pay the Advisor 1.5% of the cost of investments acquired or originated, or the amount to be funded by the Company to acquire or originate loans, including acquisition and origination expenses and any debt attributable to such investments plus significant capital expenditures related to the development, construction or improvement of the investment budgeted as of the date of acquisition. |
The Company will reimburse the Advisor or its affiliates for customary acquisition and origination expenses (including expenses relating to potential investments that do not close), such as legal fees and expenses (including fees of independent contractor in-house counsel that are not employees of the Advisor), costs of due diligence (including, as necessary, updated appraisals, surveys and environmental site assessments), travel and communication expenses, accounting fees and expenses and other closing costs and miscellaneous expenses relating to the acquisition or origination of real estate-related loans, opportunistic real estate, real estate-related debt securities and other real estate-related investments. |
Related Party Transactions, Asset Management Fee | The Company will pay the Advisor a monthly fee equal to the lesser of one-twelfth of (i) 1.0% of the cost of its investments and (ii) 2.0% of the sum of the cost of its investments, less any debt secured by or attributable to the investments. The cost of the real property investments will be calculated as the amount paid or allocated to acquire the real property, including the cost of any subsequent development, construction or improvements to the property and including fees and expenses related thereto (but excluding acquisition fees paid or payable to the Advisor). The cost of the loans and any investments other than real property will be calculated as the lesser of (x) the amount actually paid or allocated to acquire or fund the loan or other investment, including fees and expenses related thereto (but excluding acquisition fees paid or payable to the Advisor) and (y) the outstanding principal amount of such loan or other investment, including fees and expenses related to the acquisition or funding of such investment (but excluding acquisition fees paid or payable to the Advisor) as of the time of calculation. In the case of investments made through joint ventures, the asset management fee will be determined based on the Company’s proportionate share of the underlying investment. |
Related Party Transactions, Disposition Fee | For substantial assistance in connection with the sale of investments, the Company will pay the Advisor or its affiliates a percentage of the contract sales price of each loan, debt-related security, real property or other investment sold (including residential or commercial mortgage-backed securities or collateralized debt obligations issued by a subsidiary of ours as part of a securitization transaction) as a disposition fee. For dispositions with a contract sales price less than or equal to $50 million, the disposition fee will equal 1.5% of the contract sales price. For dispositions with a contract sales price greater than $50 million, the disposition fee will equal the sum of $750,000 (which amount is 1.5% of $50 million), plus 1.0% of the amount of the contract sales price in excess of $50 million. Disposition fee may be paid, in addition to commissions paid to non-affiliates, provided that the total commissions (including such disposition fee) paid to affiliates and non-affiliates do not exceed an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 6.0% if the aggregate contract sales price or (ii) the competitive real estate commission. The Company will not pay a disposition fee upon the maturity, prepayment or workout of a loan or other debt-related investment, provided that if the Company negotiates a discounted payoff with the borrower it will pay a disposition fee and if the Company takes ownership of a property as a result of a workout or foreclosure of a loan, it will pay a disposition fee upon the sale of such property. |
Related Party Transactions, Subordinated Participation in Net Cash Flows | After the Company’s common stockholders receive, together as a collective group, aggregate distributions (including distributions that may constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes) sufficient to provide (i) a return of their net invested capital, or the amount calculated by multiplying the total number of shares purchased by stockholders by the issue price, reduced by any amounts to repurchase shares pursuant to the Company’s share redemption program, and (ii) a 7.0% per year cumulative, noncompounded return on such net invested capital, the Advisor is entitled to receive 15.0% of the Company’s net cash flows, whether from continuing operations, net sale proceeds or otherwise. This fee is payable only if the Company is not listed on an exchange. To the extent this fee is derived from cash flows other than net sales proceeds, this fee will count against the limit on “total operating expenses” described below. |
Related Party Transactions, Subordinated Incentive Listing Fee | Upon listing the Company’s common stock on a national securities exchange, the Advisor or its affiliates will receive a fee equal to 15.0% of the amount by which (i) the market value of the Company’s outstanding stock, as defined in the Advisory Agreement, plus distributions paid by the Company (including distributions that may constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes) prior to listing exceeds (ii) the sum of stockholders’ net invested capital, or the amount calculated by multiplying the total number of shares purchased by stockholders by the issue price, reduced by any amounts to repurchase shares pursuant to the Company’s share redemption program, and the amount of cash flow necessary to generate a 7.0% per year cumulative, noncompounded return on such amount. This fee will count against the limit on “total operating expenses” described below. |
Income Taxes | The Company intends to elect to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended and intends to operate as such beginning with its taxable year ending December 31, 2014. The Company expects to have little or no taxable income prior to electing REIT status. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of the Company’s annual REIT taxable income to its stockholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent it distributes qualifying dividends to its stockholders. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service grants the Company relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially and adversely affect the Company’s net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. However, the Company intends to organize and operate in such a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT. |
The Company’s hotel property is leased to a wholly-owned taxable REIT subsidiary, which in turn contracts with an independent hotel management company that manages the day-to-day operations of the Company’s hotel. Lease revenue generated from the taxable REIT subsidiary is eliminated in consolidation. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company’s taxable REIT subsidiary incurred an insignificant amount of net operating loss; however, any deferred tax asset as a result of the taxable REIT subsidiary’s net operating loss has been fully reserved since realization is uncertain due to the taxable REIT subsidiary’s limited operating history. |
Segments | The Company invested in an opportunistic real estate investment and originated a loan secured by a non-stabilized real estate asset. In general, the Company intends to hold its investments in opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets for capital appreciation. Traditional performance metrics of opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets may not be meaningful as these investments are generally non-stabilized and do not provide a consistent stream of interest income or rental revenue. These investments exhibit similar long-term financial performance and have similar economic characteristics. These investments typically involve a higher degree of risk and do not provide a constant stream of ongoing cash flows. As a result, the Company’s management views opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets as similar investments. Substantially all of its revenue and net income (loss) is from opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets, and therefore, the Company currently aggregates its operating segments into one reportable business segment. |
Square Footage, Occupancy and Other Measures | Square footage, occupancy, average revenue per available room, average daily rate and other measures used to describe real estate and real estate-related investments included in these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are presented on an unaudited basis. |
Recently Issued Accounting Standards Updates | In April 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-08, Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property, Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity (“ASU No. 2014-08”). ASU No. 2014-08 limits discontinued operations reporting to disposals of components of an entity that represent a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results when any of the following occurs: a) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale; b) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity is disposed of by sale; and c) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity is disposed of other than by sale. ASU No. 2014-08 also requires additional disclosures about discontinued operations. ASU No. 2014-08 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2014. Early adoption is permitted, but only for disposals (or classifications as held for sale) that have not been reported in financial statements previously issued or available for issuance. The Company early adopted ASU No. 2014-08 for the reporting period beginning January 1, 2014. As a result of the adoption of ASU No. 2014-08, results of operations for properties that are classified as held for sale in the ordinary course of business on or after January 1, 2014 would generally be included in continuing operations on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations, to the extent such disposals did not meet the criteria for classification as a discontinued operation. Additionally, any gain or loss on sale of real estate that does not meet the criteria for classification as a discontinued operation would be presented, on the consolidated statements of operations, in continuing operations. ASU No. 2014-08 did not have an impact on the presentation of the Company’s financial statements upon adoption. |
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU No. 2014-09”). ASU No. 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize the revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. ASU No. 2014-09 supersedes the revenue requirements in Revenue Recognition (Topic 605) and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification. ASU No. 2014-09 does not apply to lease contracts within the scope of Leases (Topic 840). ASU No. 2014-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016, and is to be applied retrospectively, with early application not permitted. The Company is still evaluating the impact of adopting ASU No. 2014-09 on its financial statements, but does not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 to have a material impact on its financial statements. |
In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements (Subtopic 205-40), Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (“ASU No. 2014-15”). The amendments in ASU No. 2014-15 require management to evaluate, for each annual and interim reporting period, whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or are available to be issued when applicable) and, if so, provide related disclosures. ASU No. 2014-15 is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted for annual or interim reporting periods for which the financial statements have not previously been issued. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2014-15 to have a significant impact on its financial statements. |
In January 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-01, Income Statement - Extraordinary and Unusual Items (Subtopic 225-20), Simplifying Income Statement Presentation by Eliminating the Concept of Extraordinary Items (“ASU No. 2015-01”). The amendments in ASU No. 2015-01 eliminate from GAAP the concept of extraordinary items. Although the amendments will eliminate the requirements in Subtopic 225-20 for reporting entities to consider whether an underlying event or transaction is extraordinary, the presentation and disclosure guidance for items that are unusual in nature or occur infrequently will be retained and will be expanded to include items that are both unusual in nature and infrequently occurring. ASU No. 2015-01 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted provided that the guidance is applied from the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2015-01 to have a significant impact on its financial statements. |
In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis (“ASU No. 2015-02”). ASU 2015-02 No. affects reporting entities that are required to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain legal entities. ASU No. 2015-02 modifies the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are VIEs or voting interest entities, eliminates the presumption that a general partner should consolidate a limited partnership and affects the consolidation analysis of reporting entities that are involved with VIEs, particularly those that have fee arrangements and related party relationships. ASU No. 2015-02 is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. A reporting entity may apply the amendments in ASU No. 2015-02 using: (a) a modified retrospective approach by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption; or (b) by applying the amendments retrospectively. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2014-15 to have a significant impact on its financial statements. |