A10 Networks (ATEN) 10-Q 2024 Q2 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from             to             

Commission file number: 001-36343

A10 NETWORKS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	20-1446869
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2300 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, California 95131
(Address of Principal Executive Offices and Zip Code)

(408) 325-8668

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.00001 par value	ATEN	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x    No   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes   ☐   No   x

As of July 26, 2024, the number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, was 73,866,109.

A10 NETWORKS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page No.
Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	4
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited):	4
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	7
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	9
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	35
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	35
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION	37
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	37
Item 1A. Risk Factors	37
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37
Item 5. Other Information	37
Item 6. Exhibits	38
Signatures	39

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NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

    The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “potentially,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “plan,” “expect,” and similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following:

• our strategy, business plan and our ability to effectively manage our growth and business operations;

• our expectations with respect to recognizing revenue related to remaining performance obligations;

• our plans to introduce new products;

• loss or delay of expected purchases by our largest end-customers;

• our expectations concerning relationships with third parties;

• our expectations with respect to the realization of our tax assets and our unrecognized tax benefits;

• our plans with respect to the repatriation of our earnings from our foreign operations;

• our ability to maintain profitability while continuing to invest in our sales, marketing, product development, distribution channel partner programs and research and development teams;

• our expectations regarding our future costs and expenses;

• variability of our gross margin and the factors affecting it;

• our expectations with respect to liquidity position and future capital requirements;

• our stock repurchase program and our quarterly cash dividends;

• our accounting policies and estimates;

• fluctuations in currency exchange rates;

• the cost and potential outcomes of litigation; and

• future acquisitions of or investments in complementary companies, products, services or technologies.

These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including those described in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment, and new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following: execution risks related to closing key deals and improving our execution; the continued market adoption of our products; our ability to successfully anticipate market needs and opportunities; our timely development of new products and features; our ability to maintain profitability; any loss or delay of expected purchases by our largest end-customers; our ability to maintain or improve our competitive position; competitive and execution risks related to cloud-based computing trends; our ability to attract and retain new end-customers and our largest end-consumers; our ability to maintain and enhance our brand and reputation; changes demanded by our customers in the deployment and payment model for our products; continued growth in markets relating to networking and network security; the success of any future acquisitions or investments in complementary companies, products, services or technologies; the ability of our sales and other teams to execute well; our ability to shorten our close cycles; the ability of our channel partners to sell our products; variations in product mix or geographic locations of our sales; risks associated with our presence in international markets; any unforeseen need for capital which may require us to divert funds we may have otherwise used for the dividend program or stock repurchase program; a significant decline in global macroeconomic or political conditions that have an adverse impact on our business and financial results; business interruptions related to our supply chain; our ability to manage our business and expenses if customers cancel or delay orders; weaknesses or deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting; and our ability to timely file periodic reports required to be filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as well as other risks identified in the “Risk Factors” section contained in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

In light of these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Any

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forward-looking statements made by us in this report speak only as of the date of this report, and we do not intend to update these forward-looking statements after the filing of this report, except as required by law.

Our investor relations website is located at https://investors.A10networks.com. We use our investor relations website, our company blog (https://www.a10networks.com/blog) and our corporate X (formerly Twitter) account (https://x.com/A10Networks) to post important information for investors, including news releases, analyst presentations, and supplemental financial information, and as a means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Accordingly, investors should monitor our investor relations website, our company blog and our corporate X account, in addition to following press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. We also make available, free of charge, on our investor relations website under “SEC Filings,” our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing or furnishing those reports to the SEC.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

A10 NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited, in thousands, except par value)

	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	77,457	$	97,244
Marketable securities	99,682		62,056
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $676 and $405, respectively	57,395		74,307
Inventory	25,212		23,522
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	15,301		14,695
Total current assets	275,047		271,824
Property and equipment, net	34,012		29,876
Goodwill	1,307		1,307
Deferred tax assets, net	62,327		62,725
Other non-current assets	24,477		24,077
Total assets	$	397,170	$	389,809
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	5,642	$	7,024
Accrued liabilities	27,398		21,388
Deferred revenue	81,993		82,657
Total current liabilities	115,033		111,069
Deferred revenue, non-current	57,963		58,677
Other non-current liabilities	9,817		12,187
Total liabilities	182,813		181,933
Commitments and contingencies (Note 2 and Note 6)
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.00001 par value: 500,000 shares authorized; 89,580 and 89,003 shares issued and 73,860 and 74,359 shares outstanding, respectively	1		1
Treasury stock, at cost: 15,720 and 14,644 shares, respectively	(165,785)		(150,909)
Additional paid-in-capital	497,520		486,958
Dividends paid	(46,562)		(37,619)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	465		(71)
Accumulated deficit	(71,282)		(90,484)
Total stockholders' equity	214,357		207,876
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	397,170	$	389,809

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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A10 NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited, in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net revenue:
Products	$	29,533	$	39,090	$	59,602	$	70,272
Services	30,563		26,727		61,169		53,236
Total net revenue	60,096		65,817		120,771		123,508
Cost of net revenue:
Products	6,813		9,436		13,612		15,519
Services	5,225		4,027		9,870		8,160
Total cost of net revenue	12,038		13,463		23,482		23,679
Gross profit	48,058		52,354		97,289		99,829
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	19,453		20,868		40,667		43,202
Research and development	14,737		13,965		28,800		25,630
General and administrative	5,952		5,255		12,693		12,564
Total operating expenses	40,142		40,088		82,160		81,396
Income from operations	7,916		12,266		15,129		18,433
Non-operating income, net:
Interest income	1,761		662		3,442		1,635
Other income (expense), net	1,306		1,884		3,632		(334)
Non-operating income, net	3,067		2,546		7,074		1,301
Income before provision for income taxes	10,983		14,812		22,203		19,734
Provision for income taxes	1,507		3,186		3,001		4,150
Net income	$	9,476	$	11,626	$	19,202	$	15,584
Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.13	$	0.16	$	0.26	$	0.21
Diluted	$	0.13	$	0.15	$	0.25	$	0.21
Weighted-average shares used in computing net income per share:
Basic	74,366		74,017		74,401		74,009
Diluted	75,497		75,428		75,432		75,512

 See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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A10 NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(unaudited, in thousands)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net income	$	9,476	$	11,626	$	19,202	$	15,584
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax	38		593		(1)		1,121
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge, net of tax	486		112		537		147
Comprehensive income	$	10,000	$	12,331	$	19,738	$	16,852

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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A10 NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited, in thousands)

Three Months Ended June 30, 2023	Common Stock			Treasury stock, at cost		Additional Paid-in Capital		Dividends Paid		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at March 31, 2023	74,197	$	1	$	(134,934)	$	471,341	$	(24,248)	$	(163)	$	(126,496)	$	185,501
Common stock issued under employee equity incentive plans	322	—		—		2,086		—		—		—		2,086
Repurchase of common stock	(436)	—		(6,230)		—		—		—		—		(6,230)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		—		3,684		—		—		—		3,684
Payments for dividends	—	—		—		—		(4,434)		—		—		(4,434)
Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax	—	—		—		—		—		593		—		593
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge, net of tax	—	—		—		—		—		112		—		112
Net Income	—	—		—		—		—		—		11,626		11,626
Balance at June 30, 2023	74,083	$	1	$	(141,164)	$	477,111	$	(28,682)	$	542	$	(114,870)	$	192,938

Three Months Ended June 30, 2024	Common Stock			Treasury stock, at cost		Additional Paid-in Capital		Dividends Paid		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at March 31, 2024	74,434	$	1	$	(153,948)	$	491,164	$	(42,091)	$	(59)	$	(80,758)	$	214,309
Common stock issued under employee equity incentive plans	271	—		—		1,764		—		—		—		1,764
Repurchase of common stock	(845)	—		(11,837)		—		—		—		—		(11,837)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		—		4,592		—		—		—		4,592
Payments for dividends	—	—		—		—		(4,471)		—		—		(4,471)
Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax	—	—		—		—		—		38		—		38
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge, net of tax	—	—		—		—		—		486		—		486
Net Income	—	—		—		—		—		—		9,476		9,476
Balance at June 30, 2024	73,860	$	1	$	(165,785)	$	497,520	$	(46,562)	$	465	$	(71,282)	$	214,357

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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A10 NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (CONTINUED)

(unaudited, in thousands)

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023	Common Stock			Treasury stock, at cost		Additional Paid-in Capital		Dividends Paid		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2022	73,738	$	1	$	(134,934)	$	466,927	$	(19,802)	$	(726)	$	(130,454)	$	181,012
Common stock issued under employee equity incentive plans	781	—		—		2,559		—		—		—		2,559
Repurchase of common stock	(436)	—		(6,230)		—		—		—		—		(6,230)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		—		7,625		—		—		—		7,625
Payments for dividends	—	—		—		—		(8,880)		—		—		(8,880)
Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax	—	—		—		—		—		1,121		—		1,121
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge, net of tax	—	—		—		—		—		147		—		147
Net Income	—	—		—		—		—		—		15,584		15,584
Balance at June 30, 2023	74,083	1		$	(141,164)	$	477,111	$	(28,682)	$	542	$	(114,870)	$	192,938

Six Months Ended June 30, 2024	Common Stock			Treasury stock, at cost		Additional Paid-in Capital		Dividends Paid		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2023	74,359	$	1	$	(150,909)	$	486,958	$	(37,619)	$	(71)	$	(90,484)	$	207,876
Common stock issued under employee equity incentive plans	555	—		—		1,854		—		—		—		1,854
Repurchase of common stock	(1,054)	—		(14,876)		—		—		—		—		(14,876)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		—		8,708		—		—		—		8,708
Payments for dividends	—	—		—		—		(8,943)		—		—		(8,943)
Unrealized loss on marketable securities, net of tax	—	—		—		—		—		(1)		—		(1)
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge, net of tax	—	—		—		—		—		537		—		537
Net Income	—	—		—		—		—		—		19,202		19,202
Balance at June 30, 2024	73,860	$	1	$	(165,785)	$	497,520	$	(46,562)	$	465	$	(71,282)	$	214,357

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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A10 NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited, in thousands)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	19,202	$	15,584
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	5,507		4,307
Stock-based compensation	8,105		7,214
Other non-cash items	(403)		(270)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	16,695		3,698
Inventory	(3,318)		(1,705)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(541)		3,827
Accounts payable	(2,859)		(1,460)
Accrued liabilities	3,640		(17,094)
Deferred revenue	(1,378)		4,621
Net cash provided by operating activities	44,650		18,722
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities	22,536		42,252
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities	47,699		44,532
Purchases of marketable securities	(106,293)		(44,680)
Capital expenditures	(6,414)		(5,065)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(42,472)		37,039
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee equity incentive plans	1,854		2,559
Repurchase of common stock	(14,876)		(6,230)
Payments for dividends	(8,943)		(8,880)
Net cash used in financing activities	(21,965)		(12,551)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(19,787)		43,210
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period	97,244		67,971
Cash and cash equivalents—end of period	$	77,457	$	111,181
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Transfers between inventory and property and equipment	$	1,628	$	959
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable	$	1,477	$	1,134

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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A10 Networks, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

A10 Networks, Inc. (together with our subsidiaries, the “Company”, “we”, “our” or “us”) was incorporated in California in 2004 and reincorporated in Delaware in March 2014. We are headquartered in San Jose, California and have wholly-owned subsidiaries throughout the world including Asia and Europe.

We are a leading provider of secure application solutions and services that enable a new generation of intelligently connected companies with the ability to continuously improve cyber protection and digital responsiveness across dynamic Information Technology (“IT”) and network infrastructures. Our product portfolio seeks to address many of the cyber protection challenges and solution requirements. The portfolio consists of six secure application solutions; Thunder Application Delivery Controller (“ADC”), Lightning Application Delivery Controller (“Lightning ADC”), Thunder Carrier Grade Networking (“CGN”), Thunder Threat Protection System (“TPS”), Thunder SSL Insight (“SSLi”) and Thunder Convergent Firewall (“CFW”), and two intelligent management and automation tools; Harmony Controller and aGalaxy TPS. Our solutions are available in a variety of form factors, such as optimized hardware appliances, bare metal software, containerized software, virtual appliances and cloud-native software. Our customers include leading service providers (cloud, telecommunications, multiple system operators, cable), government organizations, and enterprises.

We derive revenue from two sources: (i) products revenue, which includes hardware, perpetual software license and subscription offerings, which include term-based license agreements; and (ii) services revenue, which includes post contract support (“PCS”), professional services, training and software-as-a-service offerings. Revenue for term-based license agreements is recognized at a point in time when the Company delivers the software license to the customer and over time once the subscription term has commenced. For our software-as-a-service offerings, our customers do not take possession of the Company’s software but rather we provide access to the service via a hosting arrangement. Revenue in these arrangements is recognized over time as the services are provided. A substantial portion of our revenue is from sales of our products and services through distribution channel partners, such as resellers and distributors. Our customers predominantly purchase PCS services in conjunction with purchases of our products. We recognize services revenue ratably over the term of the PCS contract, which is typically one year, but can be up to seven years.

We sell our products globally to service providers and enterprises that depend on data center applications and networks to generate revenue and manage operations efficiently. We report two customer verticals: service providers and enterprises, and we report customer revenues in three broad geographic regions: the Americas, APJ and EMEA regions. The Americas region comprises the United States and other countries in the Americas (excluding the United States). The APJ region comprises Japan and other countries in Asia Pacific. The EMEA region comprises Europe, Middle East and Africa. We believe this geographic revenue view is consistent with how we evaluate our financial performance.

Our end-customers operate in a variety of industries, including telecommunications, technology, industrial, retail, financial, gaming, education and government. Since inception, our customer base has grown rapidly.

We sell substantially all of our solutions through our high-touch sales organization as well as distribution channel partners, including distributors, value-added resellers and system integrators, and fulfill nearly all orders globally through such partners. We believe this sales approach allows us to obtain the benefits of channel distribution, such as expanding our market coverage, while still maintaining face-to-face relationships with our end-customers. We outsource the manufacturing of our hardware products to original design manufacturers. We perform quality assurance and testing at our San Jose, Taiwan and Japan distribution centers, as well as at our manufacturers’ locations.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include those of A10 Networks, Inc. and its subsidiaries after elimination of all intercompany accounts and transactions.

We have prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC” or the “Commission”). As permitted under these rules and regulations, we have condensed or omitted certain financial information and footnote disclosures we normally include in our annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 has been derived from our audited financial statements, which are included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 on file with the SEC (the “2023 Annual Report”).

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These financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as our annual financial statements and, in management’s opinion, reflect all adjustments consisting only of normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for a fair presentation of our financial information. Our interim period operating results do not necessarily indicate the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full fiscal year. 

These financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and accompanying notes thereto in the 2023 Annual Report.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Those estimates and assumptions affect revenue recognition and deferred revenue, the allowance for credit losses for potential uncollectible amounts, the sales return reserve, the valuation of inventory, the fair value of marketable securities, contingencies and litigation, accrued liabilities, deferred commissions and the determination of fair value of stock-based compensation. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, therefore, actual results could differ from management’s estimates.

Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are disclosed in Part II – Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of the 2023 Annual Report filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024. There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable. Our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are held and invested in high-credit quality financial instruments by recognized financial institutions and are subject to minimum credit risk.

Our accounts receivable are unsecured and represent amounts due to us based on contractual obligations of our customers. We mitigate credit risk in respect to accounts receivable by performing periodic credit evaluations based on a number of factors, including past transaction experience, evaluation of credit history and review of the invoicing terms of the contract. We generally do not require our customers to provide collateral to support accounts receivable.

Significant customers, including distribution channel partners and direct customers (end-customers), are those which represent 10% or more of our total revenue for each period presented or our gross accounts receivable balance as of each respective balance sheet date.

Revenues from our significant end-customers as a percentage of our total revenue are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
Customers	2024	2023	2024	2023
Customer A	14%	25%	13%	20%

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As of June 30, 2024, one customer accounted for 43% of our total gross accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2023, one customer accounted for 19% of our total gross accounts receivable.

Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires public entities to disclose information about their reportable segments’ significant expenses and other segment items on an interim and annual basis. Public entities with a single reportable segment are required to apply the disclosure requirements in ASU 2023-07, as well as all existing segment disclosures and reconciliation requirements in ASC 280, on an interim and annual basis. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this accounting standard to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements, but will require certain additional disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires public entities, on an annual basis, to provide disclosure of specific categories in the rate reconciliation, as well as disclosure of income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2023-09.

There have been no other recent accounting pronouncements, changes in accounting pronouncements or recently adopted accounting guidance during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 that are of significance or potential significance to us.

2. Leases

The Company leases various operating spaces in the United States, Asia and Europe under non-cancellable operating lease arrangements that expire on various dates through July 2027. These arrangements require us to pay certain operating expenses, such as taxes, repairs and insurance, and contain renewal and escalation clauses.

The table below presents the Company’s right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as of June 30, 2024 (in thousands):

		As of June 30, 2024		As of December 31, 2023
Operating leases
Right-of-use assets:
	Other non-current assets	$	13,928	$	16,376
Total right-of-use assets		$	13,928	$	16,376
Lease liabilities:
	Accrued liabilities	$	4,874	$	4,998
	Other non-current liabilities	9,445		11,822
Total operating lease liabilities		$	14,319	$	16,820

The aggregate future lease payments for non-cancelable operating leases as of June 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

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Remainder of 2024	$	2,685
2025	4,935
2026	4,893
2027	2,441
Total lease payments	14,954
Less: imputed interest	(635)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	14,319

The components of lease costs were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating lease costs	$	1,075	$	1,094	$	2,160	$	2,203
Short-term lease costs	131		123		247		250
Total lease costs	$	1,206	$	1,217	$	2,407	$	2,453

Average lease terms and discount rates for the Company’s operating leases were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024	2023
Weighted-average remaining term (years)	2.92	3.84
Weighted-average discount rate	3.2%	3.2%

Supplemental cash flow information for the Company’s operating leases were as follows (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended June 30,
		2024		2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
	Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	2,688	$	2,661

3. Marketable Securities and Fair Value Measurements

Marketable Securities

Marketable securities, classified as available-for-sale, consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of June 30, 2024								As of December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Corporate securities	$	38,348	$	5	$	(26)	$	38,327	$	15,393	$	2	$	(2)	$	15,393
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	57,856		42		(47)		57,851		39,963		6		(32)		39,937
Commercial paper	—		—		—		—		998		—		—		998
Debt securities	$	96,204	$	47	$	(73)	$	96,178	$	56,354	$	8	$	(34)	$	56,328
Publicly held equity securities - Level 1							3,504								5,728
Total marketable securities							$	99,682							$	62,056

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we did not reclassify any amount to earnings from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to unrealized gains or losses.

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The following table summarizes the cost and estimated fair value of our marketable securities based on stated effective maturities as of June 30, 2024 (excluding publicly held equity securities, in thousands):

As of June 30, 2024	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Less than 1 year	$	62,997	$	62,940
Mature in 1 - 3 years	33,207		33,238
Debt securities	$	96,204	$	96,178

All available-for-sale securities have been classified as current because they are available for use in current operations.

Marketable securities in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2024 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
As of June 30, 2024	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Corporate securities	$	26,968	$	(26)	$	—	$	—	$	26,968	$	(26)
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	32,410		(45)		1,898		(2)		34,308		(47)
Total	$	59,378	$	(71)	$	1,898	$	(2)	$	61,276	$	(73)

Marketable securities in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
As of December 31, 2023	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Corporate securities	$	9,418	$	(2)	$	—	$	—	$	9,418	$	(2)
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	24,304		(32)		—		—		24,304		(32)
Total	$	33,722	$	(34)	$	—	$	—	$	33,722	$	(34)

Based on evaluation of securities that have been in a continuous loss position, we did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment charges during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Fair Value Measurements

The following is a summary of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

	As of June 30, 2024								As of December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash	$	70,115	$	—	$	—	$	70,115	$	52,451	$	—	$	—	$	52,451
Cash equivalents	7,342		—		—		7,342		44,793		—		—		44,793
Corporate securities	—		38,327		—		38,327		—		15,393		—		15,393
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	37,860		19,991		—		57,851		12,701		27,236		—		39,937
Commercial paper	—		—		—		—		—		998		—		998
	$	115,317	$	58,318	$	—	$	173,635	$	109,945	$	43,627	$	—	$	153,572
Publicly held equity securities - Level 1							3,504								5,728
Total							$	177,139							$	159,300

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurement categories during the three and six

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months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

4. Derivatives

Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts

The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage exposures to foreign currency that may or may not be designated as hedging instruments. The Company’s objective for holding derivatives is to use the most effective methods to minimize the impact of these exposures. The Company does not enter into derivatives for speculative or trading purposes. The Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts primarily to mitigate the effect of gains and losses generated by foreign currency transactions related to certain operating expenses and remeasurement of certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies.

For foreign exchange forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments, the fair value of the derivatives in a net gain or not loss position are recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded as gains or losses in other income (expense), net, in the consolidated statements of operations. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, foreign exchange forward currency contracts not designated as hedging instruments had total notional amounts of $9.6 million and $34.5 million, respectively. These contracts have maturities of less than 30 days. For the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded foreign exchange related net losses of $0.1 million and net gains of $0.2 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded net losses of $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, in its consolidated statements of operations related to these contracts.

For foreign exchange forward contracts designated as hedging instruments, unrealized gains and losses arising from these contracts are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the consolidated balance sheets. The hedging gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated balance sheet are subsequently reclassified to expenses, as applicable, in the consolidated statements of operations in the same period in which the underlying transactions affect the Company’s earnings. As of June 30, 2024, no foreign exchange forward currency contracts designated as hedging instruments were outstanding and as of December 31, 2023, foreign exchange forward currency contracts designated as hedging instruments had a notional amount of $10.8 million. These contracts have 30 days maturities.

5. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statement Components

Accounts Receivable Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table presents the change in the Company’s accounts receivable allowance for credit losses (in thousands):

	As of June 30, 2024		As of December 31, 2023
Allowance for credit losses, beginning balance	$	405	$	32
Increase (decrease) in allowance	954		1,181
Write-offs	(683)		(808)
Allowance for credit losses, ending balance	$	676	$	405

Inventory

Inventory consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of June 30, 2024		As of December 31, 2023
Raw materials	$	16,413	$	15,473
Finished goods	8,799		8,049
Total inventory	$	25,212	$	23,522

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

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Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of June 30, 2024		As of December 31, 2023
Prepaid expenses	$	6,523	$	6,143
Deferred contract acquisition costs	6,347		6,177
Other	2,431		2,375
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	15,301	$	14,695

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Useful Life	As of June 30, 2024		As of December 31, 2023
	(in years)
Equipment	1 - 5	$	34,679	$	31,174
Software	1 - 3	4,016		5,339
Furniture and fixtures	1 - 7	531		520
Leasehold improvements	Lease term	3,425		3,207
Construction in process		18,505		13,731
Property and equipment, gross		61,156		53,971
Less: accumulated depreciation		(27,144)		(24,095)
Property and equipment, net		$	34,012	$	29,876

Construction in process primarily consists of deferred software development costs related to several software-as-a-service projects that will take longer than one year to complete.

Depreciation expense on property and equipment was $1.6 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and was $3.1 million and $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Internally Developed Software to be Marketed and Sold

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, no costs were capitalized associated with internally developed software to be marketed and sold. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, capitalized costs associated with internally developed software to be marketed and sold totaled $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectfully. During the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, amortization cost totaled $0.1 million in each period, respectfully. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, amortization cost totaled $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2024, the unamortized capitalized internally developed software balance was $2.8 million and is included in other non-current assets. Internally developed software typically has a useful life of 6 years once it’s released and is generally available to customers.

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of June 30, 2024		As of December 31, 2023
Accrued compensation and benefits	$	12,243	$	7,633
Accrued tax liabilities	2,153		1,429
Lease liability	4,874		4,998
Other	8,128		7,328
Total accrued liabilities	$	27,398	$	21,388

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of June 30, 2024		As of December 31, 2023
Deferred revenue:
Products	$	1,833	$	14,917
Services	138,123		126,417
Total deferred revenue	139,956		141,334
Less: current portion	(81,993)		(82,657)
Non-current portion	$	57,963	$	58,677

6. Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments

We lease various operating spaces in the United States, Asia and Europe under non-cancelable operating lease arrangements that expire on various dates through July 2027. These arrangements require us to pay certain operating expenses, such as taxes, repairs and insurance, and contain renewal and escalation clauses. We recognize rent expense under these arrangements on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. See Note 2 – Leases for the Company’s aggregate future lease payments for the Company’s non-cancelable operating leases as of June 30, 2024.

Rent expense was $1.2 million for both the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 and was $2.4 million and $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively

Purchase Commitments

We have open purchase commitments with third-party contract manufacturers with facilities in Taiwan to supply nearly all of our finished goods inventories, spare parts, and accessories. These purchase orders are expected to be paid within

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one year of the issuance date. We had open purchase commitments with manufacturers in Taiwan totaling $12.2 million as of June 30, 2024.

Guarantees and Indemnifications

In the normal course of business, we provide indemnifications to customers against claims of intellectual property infringement made by third parties arising from the use of our products. Other guarantees or indemnification arrangements include guarantees of product and service performance, and standby letters of credit for lease facilities and corporate credit cards. We have not recorded a liability related to these indemnification and guarantee provisions and our guarantees and indemnification arrangements have not had any significant impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements to date.

7. Equity Incentive Plans, Stock-Based Compensation and Stock Repurchase Program

Equity Incentive Plans

2014 Equity Incentive Plan and 2023 Stock Incentive Plan

The 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”) was in effect until it was replaced by the 2023 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”) on April 1, 2023. No further grants will be made under the 2014 Plan. Both the 2014 Plan and 2023 Plan provide for the granting of stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), market performance-based RSUs (“PSUs”), stock appreciation rights, performance units and performance shares to our employees, consultants and members of our Board of Directors. As of June 30, 2024, we had 3,537,527 shares available for future grant under the 2023 Plan.

2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended (the “Amended 2014 Purchase Plan”) provides employees with an opportunity to purchase our common stock through accumulated contributions, up to a maximum of 10% of eligible compensation, with offering periods of six months in duration, beginning on or about December 1 and June 1 each year. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had 653,839 shares available for future issuance under the Amended 2014 Purchase Plan.

Stock-Based Compensation

A summary of our stock-based compensation expense is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Stock-based compensation by type of award:
Stock awards	$	3,978	$	3,204	$	7,510	$	6,648
Employee stock purchase rights	288		268		595		566
	$	4,266	$	3,472	$	8,105	$	7,214
Stock-based compensation by category of expense:
Cost of net revenue	$	561	$	404	$	1,017	$	815
Sales and marketing	1,102		891		2,136		2,057
Research and development	1,017		807		1,887		1,637
General and administrative	1,586		1,370		3,065		2,705
	$	4,266	$	3,472	$	8,105	$	7,214

As of June 30, 2024, the Company had $41.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards, including common stock acquired under our Amended 2014 Purchase Plan, which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.81 years.

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Stock Options

The following table summarizes our stock option activities and related information:

	Number of Shares (thousands)	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	80	$	4.63
Exercised	(33)	4.40
Canceled	(3)	12.19
Outstanding as of June 30, 2024	44	4.38		0.47	$	413
Vested and exercisable as of June 30, 2024	44	$	4.38	0.47	$	413

As of June 30, 2024, the aggregate intrinsic value represents the excess of the closing price of our common stock of $13.85 over the exercise price of the outstanding in-the-money options.

The intrinsic value of options exercised was $0.1 million and $0.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and was $0.3 million and $1.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Stock Awards

The Company has granted RSUs to its employees, consultants and members of its Board of Directors, and PSUs to certain executives and employees. The Company’s PSUs have market performance-based vesting conditions as well as service-based vesting conditions. As of June 30, 2024, there were 3,132,471 RSUs and 900,590 PSUs outstanding.

The following table summarizes our stock award activities and related information:

	Number of Shares (thousands)	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Vesting Term (years)	Aggregate Fair Value (thousands)
Nonvested as of December 31, 2023	3,017	$	13.15
Granted	1,551	13.24
Released	(385)	11.05
Canceled	(150)	14.06
Nonvested as of June 30, 2024	4,033	$	13.35	1.93	$	45,042

The aggregate fair value of stock awards released was $1.3 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and was $4.2 million and $4.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Stock Repurchase Programs

On November 1, 2022, the Company announced its Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $50 million of its common stock over a period of twelve months (the “2022 Program”). During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 0.4 million shares for a total cost of $6.2 million under the 2022 Program. This repurchase program was active for twelve months and expired in the second half of 2023.

On November 7, 2023, the Company announced its Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program of up to $50 million of its common stock over a period of twelve months (the “2023 Program”). During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company repurchased 1.1 million shares for a total cost of $14.9 million under the 2023 Program.

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Under the Company’s stock repurchase programs, repurchased shares are held in treasury at cost. The Company’s stock repurchase programs do not obligate it to acquire any specific number of shares. Shares may be repurchased in privately negotiated and/or open market transactions, including under plans complying with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act.

8. Net Income Per Share

Basic net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per share applying the treasury stock method is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period plus potential dilutive common shares, including stock options, RSUs, PSUs and employee stock purchase rights, unless the potential common shares are anti-dilutive.

Basic and diluted net income per share are calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Basic and diluted net income per share
Numerator:
Net income	$	9,476	$	11,626	$	19,202	$	15,584
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic	74,366		74,017		74,401		74,009
Effect of dilutive potential common shares from stock options, stock awards and employee stock purchase plan	1,131		1,411		1,031		1,503
Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted	75,497		75,428		75,432		75,512
Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.13	$	0.16	$	0.26	$	0.21
Diluted	$	0.13	$	0.15	$	0.25	$	0.21

The following table presents common shares related to potentially dilutive shares excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024	2023	2024	2023
Stock options, restricted stock units and employee stock purchase rights	89	89	67	63

9. Income Taxes

We recorded a provision for income tax $1.5 million and $3.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and we recorded a provision for income tax expense of $3.0 million and $4.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company’s income tax provision for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 primarily consisted of U.S. federal and state taxes.

We had $8.1 million of unrecognized tax benefits as of June 30, 2024. We do not anticipate a material change to our unrecognized tax benefits over the next twelve months. Unrecognized tax benefits may change during the next twelve months for items that arise in the ordinary course of business.

Accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized as part of our provision for income taxes in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

We are subject to taxation in the United States, various states, and several foreign jurisdictions. Because we have net operating loss and credit carryforwards, there are open statutes of limitations in which federal, state and foreign taxing authorities may examine our tax returns for all years from 2005 through the current period. We are not currently under examination by any taxing authorities.

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10. Geographic Information

We report customer revenues in three broad geographic regions: the Americas, APJ and EMEA regions. The Americas region comprises the United States and other countries in the Americas (excluding the United States). The APJ region comprises Japan and other countries in Asia Pacific. The EMEA region comprises Europe, Middle East and Africa. We believe this geographic revenue view is consistent with how we evaluate our financial performance.

The following table depicts the disaggregation of revenue by geographic region based on the ship to location of our customers (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Americas	$	30,869	$	36,921	$	58,311	$	66,877
United States	26,709		31,840		49,853		55,961
Americas-other	4,160		5,081		8,458		10,916
APJ	19,287		21,982		44,330		37,742
EMEA	9,940		6,914		18,130		18,889
Total net revenue	$	60,096	$	65,817	$	120,771	$	123,508

The following table is a summary of our long-lived assets which include property and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use assets based on the physical location of the assets (in thousands):

	As of June 30, 2024		As of December 31, 2023
United States	$	45,487	$	43,782
APAC	1,462		1,094
Japan	735		1,096
EMEA	256		280
Total	$	47,940	$	46,252

11. Revenue

We report two customer verticals: service providers and enterprises. Revenue generated from service providers and enterprises was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Service providers	$	33,377	$	44,391	$	71,038	$	76,957
Enterprises	26,719		21,426		49,733		46,551
Total	$	60,096	$	65,817	$	120,771	$	123,508

Contract Balances

The following table reflects contract balances with customers (in thousands):

	As of June 30, 2024		As of December 31, 2023
Accounts receivable, net	$	57,395	$	74,307
Deferred revenue, current	81,993		82,657
Deferred revenue, non-current	57,963		58,677

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We receive payments from customers based upon billing cycles. Invoice payment terms usually range from 30 to 90 days.

Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional.

Contract assets include amounts related to our contractual right to consideration for performance obligations not yet billed and are included in prepaid and other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The amounts were immaterial as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Deferred revenue primarily consists of amounts that have been invoiced but not yet been recognized as revenue and consists of performance obligations pertaining to support and subscription services. We recognized revenue of $27.9 million and $26.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to deferred revenues at the beginning of the respective periods. We recognized revenue of $49.7 million and $51.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to deferred revenues at the beginning of the respective periods.

Deferred Contract Acquisition Costs

We capitalize certain contract acquisition costs consisting of incremental sales commissions incurred to obtain customer contracts. Deferred commissions related to product revenues are recognized upon transfer of control to customers. Deferred commissions related to services revenue are recognized as the related performance obligations are met. Deferred commissions that will be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period are recorded as prepaid expenses and other current assets, and the remaining portion is recorded as other non-current assets. Amortization of deferred commissions is included in sales and marketing expense.

As of June 30, 2024, the current and non-current portions of deferred contract acquisition costs were $6.4 million and $4.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the current and non-current portions of deferred contract acquisition costs were $6.2 million and $4.4 million, respectively. Related amortization expense was $2.0 million and $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and was $3.6 million and $3.4 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

We had no impairment loss in relation to the costs capitalized and no asset impairment charges related to contract assets during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations represent contracted revenues that are non-cancellable and have not yet been recognized due to unsatisfied or partially satisfied performance obligations, which include deferred revenues and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenues in future periods.

We expect to recognize revenue on the remaining performance obligations as follows (in thousands):

		As of June 30, 2024
Within 1 year		$	82,022
Next 2 to 3 years		47,065
Thereafter		10,869
	Total	$	139,956

12. Subsequent Events

On July 30, 2024, the Company announced its Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend. The dividend, in the amount of $0.06 per share outstanding, will be paid on September 3, 2024 to stockholders of record on August 15, 2024 as a return of capital. Future dividends will be subject to further review and approval by the Board of Directors in accordance with applicable law. The Board of Directors reserves the right to adjust or withdraw the quarterly dividend in future periods as it reviews the Company’s capital allocation strategy from time-to-time.

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ITEM 2.     MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this document. In addition to historical information, the MD&A contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs that involve significant risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to those differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, particularly in “Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and other risk factors contained in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our 2023 Annual Report.

Overview

We are a leading provider of secure application solutions and services that enable a new generation of intelligently connected companies with the ability to continuously improve cyber protection and digital responsiveness across dynamic Information Technology (“IT”) and network infrastructures. Our product portfolio seeks to address many of the cyber protection challenges and solution requirements. The portfolio consists of six secure application solutions; Thunder Application Delivery Controller (“ADC”), Lightning Application Delivery Controller (“Lightning ADC”), Thunder Carrier Grade Networking (“CGN”), Thunder Threat Protection System (“TPS”), Thunder SSL Insight (“SSLi”) and Thunder Convergent Firewall (“CFW”), and two intelligent management and automation tools; Harmony Controller and aGalaxy TPS. Our solutions are available in a variety of form factors, such as optimized hardware appliances, bare metal software, containerized software, virtual appliances and cloud-native software. Our customers include leading service providers (cloud, telecommunications, multiple system operators, cable), government organizations, and enterprises.

We derive revenue from two sources: (i) products revenue, which includes hardware, perpetual software license and subscription offerings, which include term-based license agreements; and (ii) services revenue, which includes post contract support (“PCS”), professional services, training and software-as-a-service offerings. Revenue for term-based license agreements is recognized at a point in time when the Company delivers the software license to the customer and over time once the subscription term has commenced. For our software-as-a-service offerings, our customers do not take possession of the Company’s software but rather we provide access to the service via a hosting arrangement. Revenue in these arrangements is recognized over time as the services are provided. A substantial portion of our revenue is from sales of our products and services through distribution channel partners, such as resellers and distributors. Our customers predominantly purchase PCS services in conjunction with purchases of our products. We recognize services revenue ratably over the term of the PCS contract, which is typically one year, but can be up to seven years.

We sell our products globally to service providers and enterprises that depend on data center applications and networks to generate revenue and manage operations efficiently. We report two customer verticals: service providers and enterprises, and we report customer revenues in three broad geographic regions: the Americas, APJ and EMEA regions. The Americas region comprises the United States and other countries in the Americas (excluding the United States). The APJ region comprises Japan and other countries in Asia Pacific. The EMEA region comprises Europe, Middle East and Africa. We believe this geographic revenue view is consistent with how we evaluate our financial performance.

Our end-customers operate in a variety of industries, including telecommunications, technology, industrial, retail, financial, gaming, education and government. Since inception, our customer base has grown rapidly.

We sell substantially all of our solutions through our high-touch sales organization as well as distribution channel partners, including distributors, value-added resellers and system integrators, and fulfill nearly all orders globally through such partners. We believe this sales approach allows us to obtain the benefits of channel distribution, such as expanding our market coverage, while still maintaining face-to-face relationships with our end-customers. We outsource the manufacturing of our hardware products to original design manufacturers. We perform quality assurance and testing at our San Jose, Taiwan and Japan distribution centers, as well as at our manufacturers’ locations.

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During the three months ended June 30, 2024, (i) 51% of our total revenue was generated from the Americas region, of which 44% was generated from the United States and 7% was generated from the Americas-other, (ii) 32% from the APJ region and (iii) 17% from the EMEA region. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, (i) 56% of our total revenue was generated from the Americas region, of which 48% was generated from the United States and 8% was generated from the Americas-other, (ii) 33% from the APJ region and (iii) 11% from the EMEA region. One of our priorities is to strengthen our sales efforts in North America. Our enterprise customers accounted for 44% and 33% of our total revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and our service provider customers accounted for 56% and 67% of our total revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As a result of the nature of our target market and the current stage of our development, a substantial portion of our revenue comes from a limited number of large customers, including service providers and enterprise customers, in any period. Purchases by our ten largest end-customers accounted for 44% and 33% of our total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Sales to these large end-customers have typically been characterized by large but irregular purchases with long sales cycles. The timing of these purchases and the delivery of the purchased products are difficult to predict. Consequently, any acceleration or delay in anticipated product purchases by or deliveries to our largest customers could materially impact our revenue and operating results in any quarterly period. This may cause our quarterly revenue and operating results to fluctuate from quarter to quarter and make them difficult to predict.

As of June 30, 2024, we had $77.5 million of cash and cash equivalents and $99.7 million of marketable securities. Cash provided by operating activities was $44.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $18.7 million in the same period of 2023.

We intend to continue to invest for long-term growth. We have invested and expect to continue to invest in our product development efforts to deliver new products and additional features in our current products to address customer needs. In addition, we may expand our global sales and marketing organizations, expand our distribution channel partner programs and increase awareness of our solutions on a global basis. Our investments in growth in these areas may affect our short-term profitability.

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Results of Operations

A summary of our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024				2023				Increase (Decrease)
	Amount		Percent of Total Revenue		Amount		Percent of Total Revenue		Amount		Percent
Net revenue:
Products	$	29,533	49.1	%	$	39,090	59.4	%	$	(9,557)	(24.4)	%
Services	30,563		50.9		26,727		40.6		3,836		14.4
Total net revenue	60,096		100.0		65,817		100.0		(5,721)		(8.7)
Cost of net revenue:
Products	6,813		11.3		9,436		14.3		(2,623)		(27.8)
Services	5,225		8.7		4,027		6.1		1,198		29.7
Total cost of net revenue	12,038		20.0		13,463		20.5		(1,425)		(10.6)
Gross profit	48,058		80.0		52,354		79.5		(4,296)		(8.2)
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	19,453		32.4		20,868		31.7		(1,415)		(6.8)
Research and development	14,737		24.5		13,965		21.2		772		5.5
General and administrative	5,952		9.9		5,255		8.0		697		13.3
Total operating expenses	40,142		66.8		40,088		60.9		54		0.1
Income from operations	7,916		13.2		12,266		18.6		(4,350)		(35.5)
Non-operating income, net:
Interest income	1,761		2.9		662		1.0		1,099		166.0
Other income (expense), net	1,306		2.2		1,884		2.9		(578)		(30.7)
Non-operating income, net	3,067		5.1		2,546		3.9		521		20.5
Income before provision for income taxes	10,983		18.3		14,812		22.5		(3,829)		(25.9)
Provision for income taxes	1,507		2.5		3,186		4.8		(1,679)		(52.7)
Net income	$	9,476	15.8	%	$	11,626	17.7	%	$	(2,150)	(18.5)	%

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	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024				2023				Increase (Decrease)
	Amount		Percent of Total Revenue		Amount		Percent of Total Revenue		Amount		Percent
Revenue:
Products	$	59,602	49.4	%	$	70,272	56.9	%	$	(10,670)	(15.2)	%
Services	61,169		50.6		53,236		43.1		7,933		14.9
Total revenue	120,771		100.0		123,508		100.0		(2,737)		(2.2)
Cost of revenue:
Products	13,612		11.3		15,519		12.6		(1,907)		(12.3)
Services	9,870		8.2		8,160		6.6		1,710		21.0
Total cost of revenue	23,482		19.4		23,679		19.2		(197)		(0.8)
Gross profit	97,289		80.6		99,829		80.8		(2,540)		(2.5)
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	40,667		33.7		43,202		35.0		(2,535)		(5.9)
Research and development	28,800		23.8		25,630		20.8		3,170		12.4
General and administrative	12,693		10.5		12,564		10.1		129		1.0
Total operating expenses	82,160		68.0		81,396		65.9		764		0.9
Income from operations	15,129		12.5		18,433		14.9		(3,304)		(17.9)
Non-operating income, net:
Interest income	3,442		2.9		1,635		1.3		1,807		110.5
Other income (expense), net	3,632		3.0		(334)		(0.3)		3,966		(1,187.4)
Non-operating income, net	7,074		5.9		1,301		1.1		5,773		443.7
Income before provision for income taxes	22,203		18.4		19,734		16.0		2,469		12.5
Provision for income taxes	3,001		2.5		4,150		3.4		(1,149)		(27.7)
Net income	$	19,202	15.9	%	$	15,584	12.6	%	$	3,618	23.2	%

Net Revenue

We derive revenue from two sources: (i) products revenue, which includes hardware, perpetual software license and subscription offerings, which include term-based license agreements; and (ii) services revenue, which includes post contract support (“PCS”), professional services, training and software-as-a-service offerings.

Our products revenue primarily consists of revenue from sales of our hardware appliances upon which our software is installed. Such software includes our ACOS software platform plus one or more of our ADC, CGN, TPS, SSLi or CFW solutions. Purchase of a hardware appliance includes a perpetual license to the included software. With respect to sales of our hardware appliances, we recognize products revenue upon transfer of control, generally at the time of shipment, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. Revenue for term-based license agreements is recognized at a point in time when we deliver the software license to the customer and the subscription term has commenced. As a percentage of revenue, our products revenue may vary from quarter to quarter based on, among other things, the timing of orders and delivery of products, cyclicality and seasonality, changes in currency exchange rates and the impact of significant transactions with unique terms and conditions.

We generate services revenue from sales of post contract support (“PCS”), which is bundled with sales of products and technical services. We offer tiered PCS services under renewable, fee-based PCS contracts, primarily including technical support, hardware repair and replacement parts, and software upgrades on a when-and-if-available basis. We recognize services revenue ratably over the term of the PCS contract, which is typically one year, but can be up to seven years. For our software-as-a-service offerings, our customers do not take possession of our software but rather we provide access to the service via a hosting arrangement. Revenue in these arrangements is recognized over time as the services are provided. Additionally, an

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immaterial portion of our services revenue comes from subscription revenue. We offer several services by subscription, primarily through either term-based license agreements or as a service through our cloud-based platform.

A summary of our total revenue is as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024				2023				Increase (Decrease)
	Amount		Percent of Total Revenue		Amount		Percent of Total Revenue		Amount		Percent
Net revenue:
Products	$	29,533	49	%	$	39,090	59	%	$	(9,557)	(24)	%
Services	30,563		51		26,727		41		3,836		14
Total net revenue	$	60,096	100	%	$	65,817	100	%	$	(5,721)	(9)	%
Net revenue by geographic region:
Americas	$	30,869	51	%	$	36,921	56	%	$	(6,052)	(16)	%
United States	26,709		44	%	31,840		48	%	(5,131)		(16)	%
Americas-other	4,160		7	%	5,081		8	%	(921)		(18)	%
APJ	19,287		32	%	21,982		33	%	(2,695)		(12)	%
EMEA	9,940		17	%	6,914		11	%	3,026		44	%
Total net revenue	$	60,096	100	%	$	65,817	100	%	$	(5,721)	(9)	%

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024				2023				Increase (Decrease)
	Amount		Percent of Total Revenue		Amount		Percent of Total Revenue		Amount		Percent
Net revenue:
Products	$	59,602	49	%	$	70,272	57	%	$	(10,670)	(15)	%
Services	61,169		51		53,236		43		7,933		15
Total net revenue	$	120,771	100	%	$	123,508	100	%	$	(2,737)	(2)	%
Net revenue by geographic region:
Americas	$	58,311	48	%	$	66,877	54	%	$	(8,566)	(13)	%
United States	49,853		41	%	55,961		45	%	(6,108)		(11)	%
Americas-other	8,458		7	%	10,916		9	%	(2,458)		(23)	%
APJ	44,330		37	%	37,742		31	%	6,588		17	%
EMEA	18,130		15	%	18,889		15	%	(759)		(4)	%
Total revenue	$	120,771	100	%	$	123,508	100	%	$	(2,737)	(2)	%

Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023

Total net revenue decreased $5.7 million, or 9%, during the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period of 2023. Changes in revenue were due primarily to (i) a $6.1 million decrease in the Americas region, comprised of a decrease in the United States of $5.1 million and a decrease in Americas-other of $0.9 million, (ii) a $2.7 million decrease in the APJ region, and (iii) a $3.0 million increase in the EMEA region. The overall decrease in revenue was attributable to a $11.0 million decrease in revenue from service provider customers, partially offset by a $5.3 million increase in revenue from enterprise customers during the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. Products revenue decreased $9.6 million, of which the Americas region decreased $7.0 million and the APJ region decreased $4.4 million, partially offset by an increase of $1.9 million in the EMEA region for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period of 2023. Services revenue increased $3.8 million, comprised of increases of $1.7 million, $1.1 million and $1.0

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million in the APJ, EMEA and Americas regions, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period of 2023.

Products revenue decreased $9.6 million, or 24%, during the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023, as a result of a decrease in demand from our service provider customers in the Americas and APJ regions.

Services revenue increased $3.8 million, or 14%, during the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same periods of 2023, primarily attributable to an increase in PCS sales as a result of our growing installed customer base, especially in the APJ and EMEA regions.

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, $30.9 million, or 51% of total revenue, was generated from the Americas region, which represents a 16% decrease in revenue compared to the same period of 2023. The decrease was primarily due to lower products revenue due to a decrease in demand from our service provider customers in the Americas region.

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, $19.3 million, or 32% of total revenue, was generated from the APJ region, which represents a 12% decrease compared to the same period of 2023. The decrease was primarily due to lower services revenue due to a decrease in demand from our service provider customers in the APJ region.

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, $9.9 million, or 17% of total revenue, was generated from the EMEA region, which represents a 44% increase compared to the same period of 2023. The increase was primarily due to higher services revenue due to an increase in demand from our service provider and enterprise customers in the EMEA region.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023

Total net revenue decreased $2.7 million, or 2%, during the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period of 2023. Changes in revenue were due primarily to (i) a $8.6 million decrease in the Americas region, comprised of a decrease in the United States of $6.1 million and a decrease in Americas-other of $2.5 million, (ii) a $6.6 million increase in the APJ region, and (iii) a $0.8 million decrease in the EMEA region. The overall decrease in revenue was attributable to a $5.9 million decrease in revenue from service provider customers, partially offset by a $3.2 million decrease in revenue from enterprise customers during the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. Products revenue decreased $10.7 million, of which the America region decreased $11.0 million and the EMEA region decreased $2.7 million, partially offset by an increase of $3.0 million in the APJ region for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period of 2023. Services revenue increased $7.9 million, comprised of increase of $3.6 million, $2.4 million and $1.9 million in the APJ, Americas and EMEA regions, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period of 2023.

Products revenue decreased $10.7 million, or 15%, during the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023, as a result of a decrease in demand from our service provider customers in the Americas regions.

Services revenue increased $7.9 million, or 15%, during the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same periods of 2023, primarily attributable to an increase in PCS sales as a result of our growing installed customer base, especially in the APJ and Americas regions.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, $58.3 million, or 48% of total revenue, was generated from the Americas region, which represents an 13% decrease in revenue compared to the same period of 2023. The decrease was primarily due to lower products revenue due to a decrease in demand from our service provider customers.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, $44.3 million, or 37% of total revenue, was generated from the APJ region, which represents a 17% increase compared to the same period of 2023. The increase was primarily due to higher products and services revenue due to an increase in demand from our service provider customers.

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, $18.1 million, or 15% of total revenue, was generated from the EMEA region, which represents a 4% decrease compared to the same period of 2023. The decrease was primarily due to lower products revenue due to a decrease in demand from our enterprise customers.

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Cost of Net Revenue, Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Cost of Net Revenue

Cost of products revenue is primarily comprised of cost of third-party manufacturing services and cost of inventory for the hardware component of our products. Cost of products revenue also includes warehouse personnel costs, shipping costs, inventory write-downs, certain allocated facilities and information technology infrastructure costs, and expenses associated with logistics and quality control.

Cost of services revenue is primarily comprised of personnel costs for our technical support and training teams. Cost of services revenue also includes the costs of inventory used to provide hardware replacements to end- customers under PCS contracts and certain allocated facilities and information technology infrastructure costs.

A summary of our cost of net revenue is as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Increase (Decrease)
	2024		2023		Amount		Percent
Cost of net revenue:
Products	$	6,813	$	9,436	$	(2,623)	(27.8)	%
Services	5,225		4,027		1,198		29.7
Total cost of net revenue	$	12,038	$	13,463	$	(1,425)	(10.6)	%

	Six Months Ended June 30,				Increase (Decrease)
	2024		2023		Amount		Percent
Cost of net revenue:
Products	$	13,612	$	15,519	$	(1,907)	(12.3)	%
Services	9,870		8,160		1,710		21.0
Total cost of net revenue	$	23,482	$	23,679	$	(197)	(0.8)	%

Products cost of revenue decreased 27.8% and 12.3% during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2023, primarily due to a decrease in products revenue.

Services cost of revenue increased 29.7% and 21.0% during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2023, primarily driven by the mix of services delivered, which include technical support, training and service costs.

Gross Margin

Gross margin may vary and be unpredictable from period to period due to a variety of factors. These may include the mix of revenue from each of our regions, the mix of our products sold within a period, discounts provided to customers, inventory write-downs and foreign currency exchange rates.

Our sales are generally denominated in U.S. Dollars; however, in Japan, our sales are denominated in Japanese Yen.

Any of the factors noted above can generate either a favorable or unfavorable impact on gross margin.

A summary of our gross profit and gross margin is as follows (dollars in thousands):

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	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024				2023				Increase (Decrease)
	Amount		Gross Margin		Amount		Gross Margin		Amount		Gross Margin
Gross profit:
Products	$	22,720	76.9	%	$	29,654	75.9	%	$	(6,934)	1.0	%
Services	25,338		82.9		22,700		84.9		2,638		(2.0)
Total gross profit	$	48,058	80.0	%	$	52,354	79.5	%	$	(4,296)	0.5	%

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024				2023				Increase (Decrease)
	Amount		Gross Margin		Amount		Gross Margin		Amount		Gross Margin
Gross profit:
Products	$	45,990	77.2	%	$	54,753	77.9	%	$	(8,763)	(0.7)	%
Services	51,299		83.9		45,076		84.7		6,223		(0.8)
Total gross profit	$	97,289	80.6	%	$	99,829	80.8	%	$	(2,540)	(0.2)	%

Products gross margin increased 1.0% and decreased 0.7% during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2023, primarily due to product and regional mix.

Services gross margin decreased 2.0% and 0.8% during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2023, primarily driven by the mix of services delivered, which include technical support, training and service costs.

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Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative expenses. The largest component of our operating expenses is personnel costs which consist of wages, benefits, bonuses, and, with respect to sales and marketing expenses, sales commissions. Personnel costs also include stock-based compensation.

A summary of our operating expenses is as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Increase (Decrease)
	2024		2023		Amount		Percent
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	$	19,453	$	20,868	$	(1,415)	(6.8)	%
Research and development	14,737		13,965		772		5.5
General and administrative	5,952		5,255		697		13.3
Total operating expenses	$	40,142	$	40,088	$	54	0.1	%

	Six Months Ended June 30,				Increase (Decrease)
	2024		2023		Amount		Percent
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	$	40,667	$	43,202	$	(2,535)	(5.9)	%
Research and development	28,800		25,630		3,170		12.4
General and administrative	12,693		12,564		129		1.0
Total operating expenses	$	82,160	$	81,396	$	764	0.9	%

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses are our largest functional category of operating expenses and primarily consist of personnel costs. Sales and marketing expenses also include the cost of marketing programs, trade shows, consulting services, promotional materials, demonstration equipment, depreciation and certain allocated facilities and information technology infrastructure costs.

Sales and marketing operating expenses decreased $1.4 million, or 6.8%, in the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, and decreased $2.5 million, or 5.9%, in the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a decrease in personnel costs.    

For the full year 2024, we expect sales and marketing expenses to increase from 2023 levels in line with overall revenue growth as we apply a disciplined approach to focus our investments in areas that offer the greatest opportunities.

Research and Development

Research and development efforts are focused on new product development and on developing additional functionality for our existing products. These expenses primarily consist of personnel costs, and, to a lesser extent, prototype materials,

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depreciation and certain allocated facilities and information technology infrastructure costs. We expense research and development costs as incurred.

Research and development operating expenses increased $0.8 million, or 5.5%, in the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, and increased $3.2 million, or 12.4%, in the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to an increase in personnel costs.

For the full year 2024, we expect research and development expenses to increase from 2023 levels reflecting strategic investments in our growth priorities, including cybersecurity technology.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel costs, professional services and office expenses. General and administrative personnel costs include executive, finance, human resources, information technology, facility and legal related expenses. Professional services primarily consist of fees for outside accounting, tax, external legal counsel (including litigation), recruiting and other administrative services.

General and administrative operating expenses increased $0.7 million, or 13.3%, in the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, and increased $0.1 million, or 1.0%, in the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a decrease in professional services costs.

For the full year 2024, we expect general and administrative expenses to increase modestly from 2023 levels as we apply a disciplined approach to focus our investments in areas that offer the greatest opportunities.

Non-Operating Income, Net

Non-Operating income, net, consists primarily of interest income earned on our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities, foreign currency exchange gains and losses and fair value adjustments on investments in publicly held equity securities. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses are primarily a result of fluctuations in the Japanese Yen versus the U.S. Dollar.

Non-operating income, net, had a favorable change of $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period of 2023. The favorable change was primarily driven by an increase in interest income of $1.1 million, fair value adjustment gains of $0.5 million and other expense gains of $0.3 million, partially offset by an unfavorable change of $1.3 million in foreign exchange gains for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period of 2023.

Non-operating income, net, had a favorable change of $5.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period of 2023. The favorable change was primarily driven by a favorable change of $2.5 million in foreign exchange gains and losses, an increase in interest income of $1.8 million and fair value adjustment gains of $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period of 2023.

Provision for Income Taxes

We recorded income tax provisions of $1.5 million and $3.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and we recorded income tax provisions of $3.0 million and $4.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Our income tax provisions for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 and for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 primarily consisted of U.S. federal and state taxes.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $77.5 million, including $2.3 million held outside the United States in our foreign subsidiaries, and $99.7 million of marketable securities. We currently do not have any plans to repatriate our earnings from our foreign operations. As of June 30, 2024, we had working capital of $160.0 million, accumulated deficit of $71.3 million and total stockholders’ equity of $214.4 million. Our marketable securities are highly liquid and are classified as available for sale should the Company decide to quickly raise cash at any time in the future.

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We plan to continue to invest for long-term growth, and our investment may increase. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months and beyond. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our growth rate, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the timing and extent of spending to support development efforts, the introduction of new and enhanced product and service offerings and the continuing market acceptance of our products. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise such financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

On November 1, 2022, the Company announced its Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized a new stock repurchase program (the “2022 Program”) of up to $50 million of its common stock over a period of twelve months. Under all programs, repurchased shares are held in treasury at cost. The Company’s stock repurchase programs do not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares. Shares may be repurchased in privately negotiated and/or open market transactions, including under plans complying with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. Through December 31, 2023,the Company repurchased 1.2 million shares for a total cost of $15.7 million under the 2022 Program. The 2022 Program was active for twelve months and expired in the second half of 2023.

On November 7, 2023, the Company announced its Board authorized a new stock repurchase program of up to $50 million of its common stock over a period of twelve months (the “2023 Program”). Through June 30, 2024, the Company repurchased 1.1 million shares for a total cost of $14.9 million under the 2023 Program.

In October 2021, our Board approved the initiation of a regular quarterly cash dividend on our common stock. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company paid cash dividends of $0.06 per share outstanding, for a total of $4.5 million and $8.9 million, respectively, as a return of capital. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company paid cash dividends of $0.06 per share outstanding, for a total of $4.4 million $8.9 million, respectively, as a return of capital. The next dividend, in the amount of $0.06 per share, will be paid on September 3, 2024 to stockholders of record on August 15, 2024 as a return of capital. We currently anticipate that we will continue to pay comparable quarterly cash dividends in the future. However, the payment, amount and timing of future dividends remain within the discretion of our Board and will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, and other factors.

As described in Part II – Item 1, “Legal Proceedings” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, from time to time we are involved in ongoing litigation. Any adverse settlements or judgments in any litigation could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, cash balances and cash flows in the period in which such events occur.    

Statements of Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flow related activities (in thousands):

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	44,650	$	18,722
Investing activities	(42,472)		37,039
Financing activities	(21,965)		(12,551)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	(19,787)	$	43,210

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Our cash provided by operating activities is driven primarily by sales of our products and management of working capital investments. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities have been for personnel-related expenditures, manufacturing costs, marketing and promotional expenses and costs related to our facilities. Our cash flows from operating activities will continue to be affected principally by the extent to which we increase spending on our business and our working capital requirements.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024 cash provided by operating activities was $44.7 million, consisting of net income of $19.2 million, non-cash charges of $13.2 million and an increase in cash resulting from the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $12.2 million. Our non-cash charges consisted primarily of depreciation and amortization expenses of $5.5 million and stock-based compensation expense of $8.1 million. The net change in our operating assets and liabilities

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primarily reflects cash inflows from the changes in accounts receivable of $16.7 million and accrued liabilities of $3.6 million, partially offset by cash outflows from inventory of $3.3 million, accounts payable of $2.9 million, deferred revenue of $1.4 million and prepaid expenses and other assets of $0.5 million.

The favorable change in accounts receivable was attributed to timing of billing and cash collections. The favorable change in accrued expenses was primarily due to an increase in accrued variable compensation. The unfavorable change in inventory was attributable to the timing of product shipments. The unfavorable change in accounts payable was attributable to the timing of payments to vendors. The unfavorable change in prepaid expenses and other assets was attributable to an increase in prepaid state and federal taxes. The unfavorable change in deferred revenue was attributable to the timing of service contract bookings.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, cash provided by operating activities was $18.7 million, consisting of net income of $15.6 million and non-cash charges of $11.3 million, partially offset by a decrease in cash resulting from the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $8.1 million. Our non-cash charges consisted primarily of depreciation and amortization expenses of $4.3 million and stock-based compensation expense of $7.2 million. The net change in our operating assets and liabilities primarily reflects cash outflows from the changes in accrued liabilities of $17.1 million, inventory of $1.7 million and accounts payable of $1.5 million, partially offset by cash inflows from changes in deferred revenue of $4.6 million, prepaid expense and other assets of $3.8 million and accounts receivable of $3.7 million.

The unfavorable change in accrued liabilities was attributed to variable cash compensation accruals. The unfavorable change in inventory was attributable to the timing of product shipments. The unfavorable change in accounts payable was attributable to the timing of payments to vendors. The favorable change in deferred revenue was attributable to the timing of service contract bookings. The favorable change in prepaid expenses and other assets was primarily due to the release and return of a security deposit. The favorable change in accounts receivable was attributed to timing of billing and cash collections.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, cash used in investing activities was $42.5 million, consisting of purchases of marketable securities of $106.3 million and capital expenditures of $6.4 million, partially offset by maturities of marketable securities of $47.7 million and sales of marketable securities of $22.5 million.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, cash provided by investing activities was $37.0 million, consisting of maturities of marketable securities of $44.5 million and sales of marketable securities of $42.3 million, partially offset by purchases of marketable securities of $44.7 million and capital expenditures of $5.1 million.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, cash used in financing activities was $22.0 million and primarily consisting of $14.9 million used for repurchases of common stock and $8.9 million used for cash dividend payments, partially offset by $1.9 million of proceeds from common stock issued under the Company’s equity plans.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, cash used in financing activities was $12.6 million and primarily consisting of $8.9 million used for cash dividend payments and $6.2 million used for repurchases of common stock, partially offset by $2.6 million of proceeds from common stock issued under the Company’s equity plans.

Contractual Obligations

Our contractual obligations consist of non-cancellable operating lease arrangements and totaled $14.3 million as of June 30, 2024. Our operating lease arrangements expire on various dates through July 2027. These arrangements require us to pay certain operating expenses, such as taxes, repairs and insurance, and contain renewal and escalation clauses.

The Company also has $8.1 million of tax liabilities related to uncertain tax positions as of June 30, 2024. We are unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of settlement, if any, of these future payments.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ from these estimates.

The Company’s significant accounting policies are disclosed in Part II – Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024. There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2024.

ITEM 3.     QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Foreign Currency Risk

Our condensed consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Historically, the majority of our revenue contracts are denominated in U.S. Dollars, with the most significant exception being Japan where we invoice primarily in Japanese Yen. Our costs and expenses are generally denominated in the currencies where our operations are located, which is primarily in the Americas, EMEA and, to a lesser extent, Japan and the Asia Pacific region. We have a hedging program with respect to foreign currency risk. Revenue resulting from selling in local currencies and costs and expenses incurred in local currencies are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, which can affect our revenue and operating income. As exchange rates vary, operating income may differ from expectations.

The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. Dollar. At the end of each reporting period, monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured to the functional currency using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Gains and losses related to remeasurement are recorded in interest and other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. A significant fluctuation in the exchange rates between our subsidiaries’ local currencies, especially the Japanese Yen, British Pound and Euro, and the U.S. Dollar could have an adverse impact on our condensed consolidated financial position and results of operations.

We recorded $0.9 million and $2.5 million of net foreign exchange gains during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. We recorded $2.2 million of net foreign exchange gains and $0.1 million of net foreign exchange losses in the six months ended June 30, 2023. The effect of a hypothetical 10% change in our exchange rate would not have a significant impact on our condensed consolidated results of operations.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our marketable securities. Our marketable securities are typically comprised of corporate securities, U.S. Treasury and agency securities, commercial paper, asset-backed securities and equity securities of publicly traded companies. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. As of June 30, 2024, our investment portfolio included marketable securities with an aggregate amortized cost basis of $96.2 million and a fair value of $99.7 million. Fair value includes $3.5 million for our investment in publicly held equity securities. The effect of a hypothetical 10% change in interest rates would not have a material impact on our interest expense.

The following table presents the hypothetical fair values of our marketable securities assuming immediate parallel shifts in the yield curve of 50 basis points (“BPS”), 100 BPS and 150 BPS as of June 30, 2024 (in thousands):

							Fair Value as of
	(150 BPS)		(100 BPS)		(50 BPS)		6/30/2024		50 BPS		100 BPS		150 BPS
Marketable securities	$	100,838	$	100,453	$	100,068	$	99,682	$	99,297	$	98,912	$	98,526

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

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Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (our principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (our principal financial officer), has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2024, as required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits to the SEC, under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate to enable timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that our management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of June 30, 2024, and that the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q present fairly, in all material respects, and in conformity with U.S. GAAP, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended June 30, 2024, which were identified in connection with management’s evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well-designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We have been and may currently be involved in various legal proceedings, the outcomes of which are not within our complete control or may not be known for prolonged periods of time. Management is required to assess the probability of loss and amount of such loss, if any, in preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements. We evaluate the likelihood of a potential loss from legal proceedings to which we are a party. We record a liability for such claims when a loss is deemed probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment may be required in the determination of both probability and whether an exposure is reasonably estimable. Our judgments are subjective based on the status of the legal proceedings, the merits of our defenses and consultation with in-house and outside legal counsel. As additional information becomes available, we reassess the potential liability related to pending claims and may revise our estimates. Due to the inherent uncertainties of the legal processes in the multiple jurisdictions in which we operate, our judgments may be materially different than the actual outcomes, which could have material adverse effects on our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully review and consider the information regarding certain factors that could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results set forth under Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

On November 7, 2023, we announced that our Board authorized a new $50 million share repurchase program, the 2023 Program, under which we may repurchase up to $50 million of our outstanding common stock during the next 12 months. Under the 2023 Program, we may repurchase shares of common stock in the open market, privately negotiated transactions, in block trades or a combination of the foregoing. We are not obligated under the 2023 Program to repurchase any specific number or dollar amount of shares of common stock, and we may modify, suspend or discontinue the 2023 Program at any time. Our management and Board will determine the timing and amount of any repurchase in its discretion based on a variety of factors, such as the market price of our common stock, corporate requirements, general market economic conditions and legal requirements. The Company plans to fund repurchases from its existing cash balance and cash provided by operating activities.

Share repurchase activity during the three months ended June 30, 2024 was as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

Periods	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
April 1 - 30, 2024		—	$	—	—	$	46,663
May 1 - 31, 2024		115	$	14.94	115	$	44,944
June 1 - 30, 2024		729	$	13.87	729	$	34,826
Total		844				$	34,826

(1) The $34,826 thousand in the table above represents the amount available to repurchase shares under the 2023 Program as of June 30, 2024.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Insider Adoption or Termination of Trading Arrangements

During the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2024, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Incorporated herein by reference is a list of the exhibits contained in the Exhibit Index below.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	Description
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2019)
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2019)
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
32.1**	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
32.2**	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
101*	Inline XBRL Document Set for the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in Part I – Item 1, “Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
104*	Inline XBRL for the cover page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, included in the Exhibit 101 Inline XBRL Document Set

*    Filed herewith.

**    The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of A10 Networks, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

A10 NETWORKS, INC.

Date: July 30, 2024

By: /s/ Dhrupad Trivedi

Dhrupad Trivedi

President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: July 30, 2024

By: /s/ Brian Becker

Brian Becker

Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

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