Revenue | 3. Revenue Changes in Revenue Recognition Policies The Company adopted the new revenue standard on January 1, 2018. The Company applied the new revenue standard retrospectively and has recast the 2017 condensed consolidated financial statements as though the new revenue standard had been applied in all periods presented. The adoption of the new guidance changed the timing of recognition of franchise sales and franchise renewal revenue and related commissions paid on franchise sales and renewals, as discussed below. These changes resulted in net cumulative adjustments to “Retained earnings” of $4.9 million and “Non-controlling interest” of $11.6 million which were recorded to the opening balance sheet as of January 1, 2016. The Company’s franchise agreements offer the following benefits to the franchisee: common use and promotion of RE/MAX and Motto trademarks; distinctive sales and promotional materials; access to technology; standardized supplies and other materials used in RE/MAX and Motto offices; and recommended procedures for operation of RE/MAX and Motto offices. The Company concluded that these benefits are all a part of one performance obligation, a license of symbolic intellectual property that is billed through a variety of fees including franchise sales, continuing franchise fees, broker fees, and annual dues, described below. The Company has other performance obligations associated with contracts with customers in other revenue for training, marketing and events. Franchise sales is comprised of revenue from the sale or renewal of franchises. The Company previously recognized revenue at the time of sale. Under the new revenue standard, the franchise sale initial fees are considered to be a part of the license of symbolic intellectual property, which is now recognized over the contractual term of the franchise agreement, which is typically 5 years for RE/MAX and 7 years for Motto franchise agreements. Correspondingly, the commissions related to franchise sales are recorded as an asset (the current portion in “Other current assets” and long-term portion in “Other assets, net of current portion”) and are recognized over the contractual term of the franchise agreement in “Selling, operating and administrative expenses”. Previously, such commissions were expensed as incurred. The following tables summarize the impacts of the new revenue standard adoption on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements (in thousands, except per share information): Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Impact of Changes in Accounting Policies As of December 31, 2017 As previously Adjustments As adjusted Accounts and notes receivable, current portion, net $ 21,304 $ (1,020) $ 20,284 Income taxes receivable 870 93 963 Other current assets 6,924 1,050 7,974 Deferred tax assets, net 59,151 3,690 62,841 Other assets, net of current portion 1,563 2,460 4,023 Income taxes payable 133 (36) 97 Deferred revenue 18,918 6,350 25,268 Deferred revenue, net of current — 20,228 20,228 Retained earnings 16,027 (7,627) 8,400 Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax 515 (56) 459 Non-controlling interest 398,348 12,586 410,934 Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income Impact of Changes in Accounting Policies Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 As previously Adjustments As adjusted Franchise sales and other revenue $ 5,611 $ (306) $ 5,305 Selling, operating and administrative expenses 31,832 11 31,843 Provision for income taxes 3,091 (70) 3,021 Net income 7,537 (247) 7,290 Net income attributable to non-controlling interest 3,702 (129) 3,573 Net income attributable to RE/MAX Holdings, Inc. 3,835 (118) 3,717 Net income attributable to RE/MAX Holdings, Inc. per share of Class A common stock: Basic 0.22 (0.01) 0.21 Diluted 0.22 (0.01) 0.21 Impact of Changes in Accounting Policies Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 As previously Adjustments As adjusted Franchise sales and other revenue $ 19,065 $ (1,221) $ 17,844 Selling, operating and administrative expenses 79,263 (96) 79,167 Provision for income taxes 10,883 (97) 10,786 Net income 33,245 (1,028) 32,217 Net income attributable to non-controlling interest 16,968 (466) 16,502 Net income attributable to RE/MAX Holdings, Inc. 16,277 (562) 15,715 Net income attributable to RE/MAX Holdings, Inc. per share of Class A common stock: Basic 0.92 (0.03) 0.89 Diluted 0.92 (0.03) 0.89 Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income Impact of Changes in Accounting Policies Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 As previously Adjustments As adjusted Net income $ 7,537 $ (247) $ 7,290 Change in cumulative translation adjustment 536 (29) 507 Comprehensive income 8,073 (276) 7,797 Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest 3,987 (128) 3,859 Comprehensive income attributable to RE/MAX Holdings, Inc., net of tax 4,086 (148) 3,938 Impact of Changes in Accounting Policies Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 As previously Adjustments As adjusted Net income $ 33,245 $ (1,028) $ 32,217 Change in cumulative translation adjustment 999 (52) 947 Comprehensive income 34,244 (1,080) 33,164 Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest 17,500 (465) 17,035 Comprehensive income attributable to RE/MAX Holdings, Inc., net of tax 16,744 (615) 16,129 Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Impact of Changes in Accounting Policies Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 As previously Adjustments As adjusted Net income $ 33,245 $ (1,028) $ 32,217 Deferred income tax expense 3,919 (97) 3,822 Changes in operating assets and liabilities (100) 1,125 1,025 Revenue Recognition Under the New Revenue Standard The Company generates all of its revenue from contracts with customers. The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue. The franchise agreements provide the franchisees the right to access intellectual property throughout the license period. The method used to measure progress is over the passage of time for most streams of revenue. Continuing Franchise Fees Revenue from continuing franchise fees consists of fixed contractual fees paid monthly by franchise owners and franchisees based on the number of RE/MAX agents in the respective franchised region or office and the number of Motto offices. This revenue is recognized in the month for which the fee is billed. This revenue is a usage-based royalty as it is dependent on the number of RE/MAX agents and number of Motto offices. Annual Dues Annual dues revenue consists of fixed contractual fees paid annually based on the number of RE/MAX agents. The Company defers the annual dues revenue when billed and recognizes the revenue ratably over the 12-month period to which it relates. Annual dues revenue is a usage-based royalty as it is dependent on the number of agents. The activity in the Company’s deferred revenue is included in “Deferred revenue” and “Deferred revenue, net of current portion” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The activity in the Company’s annual dues deferred revenue consists of the following (in thousands): Balance at New billings Revenue recognized (a) Balance at end Nine months ended September 30, 2018 $ 15,297 $ 28,249 $ (26,775) $ 16,771 (a) Broker Fees Revenue from broker fees represents fees received from the Company’s RE/MAX franchised regions or franchise offices that are based on a percentage of RE/MAX agents’ gross commission income. Revenue from broker fees is recognized as a sales-based royalty and recognized in the month when a home sale transaction occurs. Motto franchisees do not pay any fees based on the number or dollar value of loans brokered. Franchise Sales The activity in the Company’s franchise sales deferred revenue accounts consists of the following (in thousands): Balance at New billings Revenue recognized (a) Balance at end Nine months ended September 30, 2018 $ 27,943 $ 6,083 $ (6,896) $ 27,130 (a) Commissions Related to Franchise Sales Commissions paid on franchise sales are recognized as an asset and amortized over the contract life of the franchise agreement. The activity in the Company’s capitalized contract costs for commissions (which are included in “other current assets” and “other assets, net of current portion” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets) consist of the following (in thousands): Balance at Additions to contract Balance at end beginning of period Expense recognized cost for new activity of period Nine months ended September 30, 2018 $ 3,532 $ (956) $ 1,146 $ 3,722 Other Revenue Other revenue is primarily revenue from preferred marketing arrangements and event-based revenue from training and other programs. Revenue from preferred marketing arrangements involves both flat fees paid in advance as well as revenue sharing, both of which are generally recognized over the period of the arrangement. Event-based revenue is recognized when the event occurs and until then is included in “Deferred revenue”. Other revenue also includes revenue from booj’s operations for its external customers. Disaggregated Revenue In the following table, segment revenue is disaggregated by geographical area for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 2017 2018 As adjusted* 2018 As adjusted* U.S. $ 40,872 $ 36,615 $ 118,794 $ 109,054 Canada 6,170 6,599 18,146 17,573 Global and Other 5,408 5,694 19,214 18,332 Total RE/MAX Franchising 52,450 48,908 156,154 144,959 Other 2,416 163 5,631 245 Total $ 54,866 $ 49,071 $ 161,785 $ 145,204 *See above within Note 3, Revenue for more information In the following table, segment revenue is disaggregated by owned or independent regions in the U.S. and Canada for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 2017 2018 As adjusted* 2018 As adjusted* Owned Regions $ 35,138 $ 31,616 $ 102,193 $ 93,165 Independent Regions 11,904 11,598 34,747 33,462 Global and Other 5,408 5,694 19,214 18,332 Total RE/MAX Franchising 52,450 48,908 156,154 144,959 Other 2,416 163 5,631 245 Total $ 54,866 $ 49,071 $ 161,785 $ 145,204 *See above within Note 3, Revenue for more information Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations The following table includes estimated revenue by year expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period (in thousands): Remaining 3 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total Annual dues $ 7,376 $ 9,395 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 16,771 Franchise sales 1,916 6,970 5,662 4,246 2,710 1,284 4,342 27,130 Total $ 9,292 $ 16,365 $ 5,662 $ 4,246 $ 2,710 $ 1,284 $ 4,342 $ 43,901 Using the transition requirements of the new standard, the Company has elected not to disclose the amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations or when the Company expects to recognize that amount as revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017. |