Stock-based compensation | 11. Stock-based compensation 2018 Equity Incentive Plan On September 26, 2018, the board of directors adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2018 Plan) as a successor to the 2013 Stock Plan (the 2013 Plan). The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan upon approval of the plan was 5,856,505 shares of the Company’s common stock, and it increases automatically on the first day of each fiscal year, following the fiscal year in which the 2018 Plan became effective, by a number equal to the least of 999,900 shares, 4% of the shares of common stock outstanding at that time, or such number of shares determined by the Company’s board of directors. As of February 10, 2020, all common shares issuable under the 2018 Plan have been registered pursuant to registration statements on Form S-8. Any shares subject to outstanding awards under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan that are canceled or repurchased subsequent to the 2018 Plan’s effective date are returned to the pool of shares reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan. Awards granted under the 2018 Plan may be nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, and performance units. Activity under the equity incentive plans during the three months ended December 31, 2019 is summarized below: Shares available Options outstanding Weighted average exercise price per share Weighted average remaining contractual term (years) Aggregate intrinsic value Outstanding at September 30, 2019 1,520,875 3,550,445 $ 15.99 8.25 $ 31,997,934 Additional shares authorized 999,900 — Stock options granted (935,273 ) 935,273 $ 24.08 Stock options exercised — (242,382 ) $ 6.95 Stock options forfeited 33,139 (33,139 ) $ 25.94 Restricted stock units granted (190,786 ) — — Forfeiture of restricted stock units 3,483 — — Shares withheld for payment of taxes 34,792 — — Early exercised options repurchased 896 — Outstanding at December 31, 2019 1,467,026 4,210,197 $ 18.23 8.51 $ 22,020,849 Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2019 4,210,197 $ 18.23 8.51 $ 22,020,849 Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2019 1,349,270 $ 11.32 7.32 $ 14,339,780 Total stock-based compensation expense recognized was as follows: Three months ended December 31, (in thousands) 2019 2018 Cost of revenues $ 360 $ 251 Research and development 728 300 Selling, general and administrative 2,609 1,313 Total stock-based compensation $ 3,697 $ 1,864 As of December 31, 2019, there was $36.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested Restricted Stock Units Restricted stock primarily consists of restricted stock unit awards (RSUs) which have been granted to employees. The value of an RSU award is based on the Company’s stock price on the date of grant. The shares underlying the RSU awards are not issued until the RSUs vest. Upon vesting, each RSU converts into one share of the Company’s common stock. Activity with respect to the Company’s restricted stock units during the three months ended December 31, 2019 was as follows: (in thousands, except share and per share data) Number of Shares Weighted average grant date per share Weighted average remaining contractual term (years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding at September 30, 2019 462,370 $ 26.16 3.91 $ 8,959,223 Restricted stock units granted 190,786 $ 24.11 Restricted stock units vested (83,956 ) $ 26.36 Restricted stock units forfeited (3,483 ) $ 29.17 Outstanding at December 31, 2019 565,717 $ 25.42 3.77 $ 14,383,146 Expected to vest at December 31, 2019 565,717 $ 25.42 3.77 $ 14,383,146 As of December 31, 2019, there was $15.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to these issuances that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.78 years. 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan On September 26, 2018, the board of directors adopted the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the 2018 ESPP). The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2018 ESPP upon approval was 275,225 share s Shares available Outstanding at September 30, 2019 56,081 Additional shares authorized 249,470 Outstanding at December 31, 2019 305,551 Subject to any plan limitations, the 2018 ESPP allows eligible service providers (through qualified and non-qualified Form S-8. Unless otherwise determined by the board of directors, the Company’s common stock will be purchased for the accounts of employees participating in the 2018 ESPP at a price per share that is the lesser of 85% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the first trading day of the offering period, or 85% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the last trading day of the offering period. During the three months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, |