Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation Segment Reporting Use of Estimates Revenue Recognition Revenue from Contracts with Customers We derive revenue from seven primary sources: (1) revenue cycle management services, (2) professional services, (3) ancillary services, (4) group purchasing services, (5) printing and mailing services, (6) clearinghouse and EDI (electronic data interchange) services and (7) practice management services. All of our revenue arrangements are based on contracts with customers. Most of our contracts with customers contain single performance obligations, although certain contracts do contain multiple performance obligations where we perform more than one service for the same customer. We account for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct within the context of the contract. For contracts where we provide multiple services such as where we perform multiple ancillary services, each service represents its own performance obligation. Selling or transaction prices are based on the contractual price for the service. A five-step approach is applied in the recognition of revenue under ASC 606: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation. Although we believe that our approach to estimates and judgments is reasonable, actual results could differ, and we may be exposed to increases or decreases in revenue that could be material. Our estimates of variable consideration may prove to be inaccurate, in which case we may have understated or overstated the revenue recognized in a reporting period. The amount of variable consideration recognized to date that remains subject to estimation is included within the contract asset within the consolidated balance sheet. Payment of invoices is due as specified in the underlying customer agreement, typically 30 days from the invoice date, which occurs on the date of transfer of control of the services to the customer. Since payment terms are less than a year, we have elected the practical expedient and do not assess whether a customer contract has a significant financing component. The Company’s revenue arrangements generally do not include a general right of refund for services provided (See Note 9, Revenue for additional information.) Direct Operating Costs Selling and Marketing Expenses Research and Development Expenses Internal-Use Software Costs Accounts Receivable The movement in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was as follows: December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Beginning balance $ 185,000 $ 156,000 Provision 724,000 410,000 Write-offs (720,000 ) (381,000 ) Ending balance $ 189,000 $ 185,000 Inventory Property and Equipment Intangible Assets Evaluation of Long-Lived Assets There was no impairment of internal-use software costs, intangibles or property and equipment during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Goodwill st Treasury Stock Stock-Based Compensation Business Combinations Business Combinations Acquisition costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company incurred approximately $245,000 and $30,000 of professional fees related to the acquisitions discussed in Note 3, which are included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. Income Taxes The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent that these assets will more likely than not be realized. All available positive and negative evidence is considered in making such a determination, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, and results of recent operations. A valuation allowance would be recorded to reduce deferred income tax assets when it is determined that it is more likely than not that the Company would not be able to realize its deferred income tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount. The Company records uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process whereby (1) the Company determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not have any uncertain tax positions that required recognition. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized in income tax expense. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not recognize any penalties or interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in its consolidated financial statements. Dividends Deferred Rent Deferred Revenue Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurement Level 1 — Inputs are unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 — Inputs are directly or indirectly observable, which include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. Level 3 — Inputs are unobservable inputs that are used to measure fair value to the extent observable inputs are not available. The Company’s contingent consideration is a Level 3 liability and is measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. The Company has certain financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These financial instruments are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances and include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, borrowings under term loans and line of credit, and notes payable. Due to the short term nature of these financial instruments and that the borrowings, with the exception of the payable to the managed practices (see Note 8) bear interest at prevailing market rates, the carrying value approximates the fair value. Foreign Currency Translation Stock Offering Costs — Exit Costs, Including Restructuring Costs — Debt Acquisition Costs — Recent Accounting Pronouncements The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers The Company determined that the only significant incremental cost incurred to obtain contracts within the scope of ASC 606, are sales commissions paid to sales people and outside referral sources. Under the new standard, certain costs to obtain a contract, which we previously expensed, are deferred and amortized over the period of contract performance or a longer period, generally the expected client life. The impact to the accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2018 was approximately $101,000. As of December 31, 2018, the capitalized sales commissions were approximately $93,000 and are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. Amortization of capitalized sales commissions for the year ended December 31, 2018 was approximately $60,000 and is included in selling and marketing expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. The following table reconciles the balances as presented for the year ended December 31, 2018 to the balances prior to the adjustments made to implement the new revenue recognition standard for the same period: Year Ended December 31, 2018 As Presented Impact of New Revenue Standard Previous Revenue Standard NET REVENUE $ 50,545,781 $ 40,934 $ 50,504,847 OPERATING EXPENSES: Direct operating costs 31,252,535 - 31,252,535 Selling and marketing 1,611,982 7,986 1,603,996 General and administrative 16,264,473 - 16,264,473 Research and development 1,029,510 - 1,029,510 Change in contingent consideration 73,271 - 73,271 Depreciation and amortization 2,853,827 - 2,853,827 Total operating expenses 53,085,598 7,986 53,077,612 OPERATING (LOSS) INCOME (2,539,817 ) 32,948 (2,572,765 ) OTHER: Interest income 100,788 - 100,788 Interest expense (351,168 ) - (351,168 ) Other income - net 494,332 - 494,332 (LOSS) INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES (2,295,865 ) 32,948 (2,328,813 ) Income tax benefit (157,385 ) - (157,385 ) NET (LOSS) INCOME $ (2,138,480 ) $ 32,948 $ (2,171,428 ) Preferred stock dividend 4,823,987 - 4,823,987 NET (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS $ (6,962,467 ) $ 32,948 $ (6,995,415 ) Loss per common share Basic and diluted loss per share $ (0.59 ) $ 0.00 $ (0.60 ) These consolidated financial statements include enhanced disclosures, particularly around the contract asset and the disaggregation of revenue. See Note 9, “Revenue,” for these enhanced disclosures. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements We adopted the standard on January 1, 2019 using the optional transition method. The Company has made substantial progress in executing our implementation plan. We have summarized the lease data and have selected specific software to assist us in recording and maintaining an inventory of leases. We have revised our processes and controls to address the lease standard and have substantially completed the implementation and data input for our lease accounting software. The Company determined that the adoption of ASC 842 primarily relates to its real estate leases for office and datacenter facilities. We will adopt the requirements of the new standard via a cumulative effect adjustment without restating the prior periods. For leases in place at the transition date, we will use the package of practical expedients that allows us to not reassess: (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (3) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases. We additionally expect to use the practical expedients that allows us to treat the lease and non-lease components of our leases as a single component for our facility leases. We elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. As such, for those leases that qualify, we will not recognize ROU asset or lease liabilities as part of the transition adjustment in the future. While we are finalizing our assessment of all of the effects of adoption, we currently believe that most significant effects relate to (i) the recognition of new right of use assets and lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet relating to facility leases and other operating leases with durations greater than twelve months; and (ii) providing significant new disclosures about our leasing activities. Based on the assessment performed to date, we believe that the impact on our consolidated assets and liabilities will be material as of January 1, 2019. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASC 842 to have a material effect on its results of operations, stockholders’ equity, or statement of cash flows. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments Also in January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other : Simplifying the Accounting for Goodwill Impairment In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation: Scope of Modification Accounting On February 14, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting |