Pieris Pharmaceuticals (PIRS) 10-Q 2019 Q2 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-37471

PIERIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada	30-0784346
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
255 State Street, 9th Floor Boston, MA United States	02109
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

857-246-8998

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share	PIRS	The Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes ý No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes ý No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	ý
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	ý
		Emerging growth company	ý

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes ☐    No ý

As of August 5, 2019, the registrant had 49,392,706 shares of common stock outstanding.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)	1
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Six Months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Six Months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	5
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2. Management´s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	33
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	33
PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	35
Item 1A. Risk Factors	35
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	35
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	35
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	35
Item 5. Other Information	35
Item 6. Exhibits	36
SIGNATURES	38

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Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, that involve risks and uncertainties, principally in the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding future events, our future financial performance, expectations for growth and revenues, anticipated timing and amounts of milestone and other payments under collaboration agreements, business strategy and plans, objectives of management for future operations, timing and outcome of legal and other proceedings, and our ability to finance our operations are forward-looking statements. We have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology including “anticipates,” “believes,” “can,” “continue,” “ongoing,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “appears,” “future,” “likely,” “plans,” “potential,” “projects,” “predicts,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “would” or “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Although we do not make forward-looking statements unless we believe we have a reasonable basis for doing so, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the risks outlined under “Risk Factors” or elsewhere in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, which may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements to differ materially.

Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risk factors, nor can we address the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from our forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including, without limitation, risks related to: the results of our research and development activities, including uncertainties relating to the discovery of potential drug candidates and the preclinical and ongoing or planned clinical testing of our drug candidates; the early stage of our drug candidates presently under development; our ability to obtain and, if obtained, maintain regulatory approval of our current drug candidates and any of our other future drug candidates; our need for substantial additional funds in order to continue our operations and the uncertainty of whether we will be able to obtain the funding we need; our future financial performance; our ability to retain or hire key scientific or management personnel; our ability to protect our intellectual property rights that are valuable to our business, including patent and other intellectual property rights; our dependence on third-party manufacturers, suppliers, research organizations, testing laboratories and other potential collaborators; the success of our collaborations with third parties; our ability to meet milestones; our ability to successfully market and sell our drug candidates in the future as needed; the size and growth of the potential markets for any of our approved drug candidates, and the rate and degree of market acceptance of any of our approved drug candidates; competition in our industry; regulatory developments in the United States and foreign countries; and the expected impact of new accounting standards.

You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement(s), each of which applies only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Before you invest in our securities, you should be aware that the occurrence of the events described in Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on March 18, 2019, could negatively affect our business, operating results, financial condition and stock price. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to conform our statements to actual results or changed expectations.

Currency Presentation and Currency Translation

Unless otherwise indicated, all references to “dollars,” “$,” “U.S. $” or “U.S. dollars” are to the lawful currency of the United States. All references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “euro” or “€” are to the currency introduced at the start of the third stage of the European Economic and Monetary Union pursuant to the Treaty establishing the European Community, as amended. We prepare our financial statements in U.S. dollars.

The functional currency for our operations is primarily the euro. With respect to our financial statements, the translation from the euro to U.S. dollars is performed for balance sheet accounts using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and for revenue and expense accounts using a weighted average exchange rate during the period. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income/loss.

Where in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q we refer to amounts in euros, we have for your convenience also, in certain cases, provided a conversion of those amounts to U.S. dollars in parentheses. Where the numbers refer to a specific balance sheet account date or financial statement account period, we have used the exchange rate that was used to perform the conversions in connection with the applicable financial statement. In all other instances, unless otherwise indicated, the conversions have been made using the noon buying rate of €1.00 to U.S. $1.1368 based on Thomson Reuters as of June 30, 2019.

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.        Financial Statements.

PIERIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

	June 30			December 31,
	2019			2018
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	54,901		$	74,867
Short term investments	44,782			53,240
Accounts receivable	7,174			2,701
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	4,605			4,574
Total current assets	111,462			135,382
Property and equipment, net	7,888			5,049
Other non-current assets	11,490			910
Total assets	$	130,840		$	141,341
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	4,031		$	3,350
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	8,491			9,114
Deferred revenues, current portion	28,406			35,612
Total current liabilities	40,928			48,076
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	58,110			53,303
Other long-term liabilities	12,317			27
Total liabilities	111,355			101,406
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
Series A Convertible, 2,907 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	—			—
Series B Convertible, 5,000 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019. No shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018.	—			—
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share, 300,000,000 shares authorized and 49,261,517 and 54,151,219 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	49			54
Additional paid-in capital	192,956			189,929
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2,707		)	(2,982		)
Accumulated deficit	(170,813		)	(147,066		)
Total stockholders’ equity	19,485			39,935
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	130,840		$	141,341

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PIERIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended June 30						Six Months Ended June 30
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenue	$	5,332		$	11,691		$	13,877		$	15,843
Operating expenses
Research and development	13,373			9,155			27,669			17,091
General and administrative	4,189			4,779			9,121			9,131
Total operating expenses	17,562			13,934			36,790			26,222
Loss from operations	(12,230		)	(2,243		)	(22,913		)	(10,379		)
Interest income	449			662			955			987
Other income (expense), net	23			1,230			(148		)	327
Loss before income taxes	(11,758		)	(351		)	(22,106		)	(9,065		)
Income tax benefit	—			(148		)	—			(148		)
Net loss	$	(11,758	)	$	(203	)	$	(22,106	)	$	(8,917	)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation	(414		)	1,266			272			519
Unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities	(237		)	2,133			3			1,602
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(12,409	)	$	3,196		$	(21,831	)	$	(6,796	)
Net loss per share
Basic and diluted	$	(0.24	)	$	—		$	(0.44	)	$	(0.17	)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
Basic and diluted	49,204			53,983			50,034			52,025

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PIERIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)

For the Three Months Ended June 30

	Series A convertible preferred shares			Series B convertible  preferred shares			Common Shares			Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated other comprehensive loss				Accumulated deficit			Total Stockholders' equity
	No. of shares	Share capital		No. of shares	Share capital		No. of shares	Share capital
Balance as of March 31, 2018	2,907	$	—	—	—		53,974	$	54	$	185,638	$	(5,974	)		$	(129,026	)	$	50,692
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—				(203		)	(203		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		1,266				—			1,266
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investments	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		2,134				—			2,134
Stock based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		—	—		1,360		—				—			1,360
Issuance of common stock resulting from exercise of stock options	—	—		—	—		6	—		13		—				—			13
Issuance of common stock resulting from exercise of warrants	—	—		—	—		28	—		55		—				—			55
Balance as of June 30, 2018	2,907	$	—	—	$	—	54,008	$	54	$	187,066	$	(2,574	)		$	(129,229	)	$	55,317
Balance as of March 31, 2019	2,907	$	—	5,000	—		49,151	$	49	$	191,224	$	(2,056	)	��	$	(159,055	)	$	30,162
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—				(11,758		)	(11,758		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(414		)		—			(414		)
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investments	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(237		)		—			(237		)
Stock based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		—	—		1,452		—				—			1,452
Issuance of common stock resulting from exercise of stock options	—	—		—	—		50	—		97		—				—			97
Issuance of common stock from employee stock purchase plan	—	—		—	—		58	—		178		—				—			178
Issuance of common stock resulting from exercise of warrants	—	—		—	—		3	—		5		—				—			5
Balance as of June 30, 2019	2,907	$	—	5,000	$	—	49,262	$	49	$	192,956	$	(2,707	)		$	(170,813	)	$	19,485

PIERIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)

For the Six Months Ended June 30

	Series A convertible preferred shares				Series B convertible  preferred shares			Common Shares					Additional paid-in capital			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Accumulated deficit			Total stockholders' equity
	No. of shares		Share capital		No. of shares	Share capital		No. of shares		Share capital
Balance as of December 31, 2017	4,963		$	—	—	—		45,017		$	45		$	136,484		$	(4,695	)	$	(120,312	)	$	11,522
Net loss	—		—		—	—		—		—			—			—			(8,917		)	(8,917		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—	—		—		—			—			519			—			519
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investments	—		—		—	—		—		—			—			1,602			—			1,602
Stock based compensation expense	—		—		—	—		—		—			2,364			—			—			2,364
Issuance of common stock resulting from exercise of stock options	—		—		—	—		519		1			838			—			—			839
Issuance of common stock resulting from exercise of warrants	—		—		—	—		91		—			181			—			—			181
Issuance of common stock net $3,374 in offering costs	—		—		—	—		6,325		6			47,201			—			—			47,207
Preferred stock conversion	(2,056	)	—		—	—		2,056		2			(2		)	—			—			—
Balance as of June 30, 2018	2,907		$	—	—	$	—	54,008		$	54		$	187,066		$	(2,574	)	$	(129,229	)	$	55,317
Balance as of December 31, 2018	2,907		$	—	—	—		54,151		$	54		$	189,929		$	(2,982	)	$	(147,066	)	$	39,935
Change in Retained Earnings from adoption of ASC 606	—		—		—	—		—		—			—			—			(1,641		)	(1,641		)
Net loss	—		—		—	—		—		—			—			—			(22,106		)	(22,106		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—	—		—		—			—			272			—			272
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investments, net of $0.1 million of tax	—		—		—	—		—		—			—			3			—			3
Stock based compensation expense	—		—		—	—		—		—			2,742			—			—			2,742
Issuance of common stock resulting from exercise of stock options	—		—		—	—		50		—			97			—			—			97
Issuance of common stock from employee stock purchase plan	—		—		—	—		58		—			178			—			—			178
Issuance of common stock resulting from exercise of warrants	—		—		—	—		3		—			5			—			—			5
Preferred stock conversion	—		—		5,000	—		(5,000	)	(5		)	5			—			—			—
Balance as of June 30, 2019	2,907		$	—	5,000	$	—	49,262		$	49		$	192,956		$	(2,707	)	$	(170,813	)	$	19,485

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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PIERIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited, in thousands)

	Six Months Ended June 30
	2019			2018
Operating activities:
Net loss	$	(22,106	)	$	(8,917	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	208			275
Stock-based compensation	2,742			2,355
Deferred rent expense	588			—
Other	(151		)	54
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	(7,122		)	28,584
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(25,841		)	22,351
Investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(1,054		)	(808		)
Proceeds from maturity of investments	35,647			10,974
Purchases of investments	(26,997		)	(67,222		)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	7,596			(57,056		)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	97			839
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	5			182
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	178			—
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs	—			47,207
Net cash provided by financing activities	280			48,228
Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents	(2,001		)	(825		)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(19,966		)	12,698
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	74,867			37,878
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	54,901		$	50,576
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Net unrealized gain on investments	$	93		$	1,667
Property and equipment included in accounts payable	$	31		$	202

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PIERIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1.     Corporate Information

Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. was founded in May 2013, and acquired 100% interest in Pieris Pharmaceuticals GmbH (formerly Pieris AG, a German company which was founded in 2001) in December 2014. Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, hereinafter collectively Pieris, or the Company, is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company that discovers and develops Anticalin®-based drugs to target validated disease pathways in unique and transformative ways. Pieris' corporate headquarters is located in Boston, Massachusetts and its research facility is located in Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.

Pieris's clinical pipeline includes an inhaled IL-4Rα antagonist Anticalin protein to treat uncontrolled asthma, an immuno-oncology, or IO, bispecific targeting HER2 and 4-1BB, and a half-life-optimized hepcidin-antagonizing Anticalin protein to treat anemia.

The Company’s core Anticalin technology and platform was developed in Germany, and the Company has partnership arrangements with several major multi-national pharmaceutical companies.

As of June 30, 2019, the Company had cash, cash equivalents and investments of $99.7 million. The Company expects that its existing cash, cash equivalents and investments are sufficient to support operating expense and capital expenditure requirements for at least 12 months from the date of this filing.

2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company´s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, within the Company´s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. There has been no material change to the significant accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2019 other than the adoption of Financial

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Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606, described in more detail below.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or U.S. GAAP, for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustment, and disclosures considered necessary for a fair presentation of interim period results have been included. Interim results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company´s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, which was filed with the SEC on March 18, 2019.

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

The preparation of the financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and the related disclosures at the date of the financial statements and during the reporting period. Significant estimates are used for, but are not limited to, revenue recognition; deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities and valuation allowances; fair value of stock options and various accruals. Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results and outcomes could differ materially from management’s estimates, judgments and assumptions.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments

The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of purchase. All liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less from the purchase date and for which there is an active market are considered to be cash equivalents. The Company’s investments are comprised of money market, asset backed securities, government treasuries and corporate bonds that are classified as available-for-sale in accordance with FASB ASC 320, Investments—Debt and Equity Securities. The Company classifies investments available to fund current operations as current assets on its balance sheets. Investments are classified as non-current assets on the balance sheets if (i) the Company has the intent and ability to hold the investments for a period of at least one year and (ii) the contractual maturity date of the investments is greater than one year.

Available-for-sale investments are recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Company’s balance sheets. Realized gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method and are included as a component of other income. Realized gains of $0.1 million were recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. Realized gains of approximately $0.1 million and realized losses $0.1 million were recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

The Company reviews investments for other-than-temporary impairment whenever the fair value of an investment is less than the amortized cost and evidence indicates that an investment’s carrying amount is not recoverable within a reasonable period of time. To determine whether an impairment is other-than temporary, the Company considers its intent to sell or whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investment before recovery of the investment’s amortized cost basis. Evidence considered in this assessment includes reasons for the impairment, the severity and the duration of the impairment and changes in value subsequent to period end. As of June 30, 2019, there were no investments with a fair value that was significantly lower than the amortized cost basis or any investments that had been in an unrealized loss position for a significant period.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Off-Balance Sheet Risk

The Company has no financial instruments with off‑balance sheet risk such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts or other foreign hedging arrangements. Financial instruments that subject Pieris to concentrations of credit risk include cash and cash equivalents, investments and accounts receivable. The Company’s cash, cash equivalents and investments are held in accounts with financial institutions that management believes are creditworthy. The Company’s investment policy includes guidelines on the quality of the institutions and financial instruments and defines allowable investments that the Company

7

believes minimizes the exposure to concentration of credit risk. These amounts, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any credit losses in such accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk on these funds. Accounts receivable primarily consist of amounts due under strategic partnership and other license agreements with major multi-national pharmaceutical companies for which the Company does not obtain collateral.

Fair Value Measurement

The Company is required to disclose information on all assets and liabilities reported at fair value that enables an assessment of the inputs used in determining the reported fair values. FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures, or ASC 820, established a hierarchy of inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the financial instrument based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the financial instrument and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy applies only to the valuation inputs used in determining the reported or disclosed fair value of the financial instruments and is not a measure of the investment credit quality. Fair value measurements are classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

• Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

• Level 2 utilizes quoted market prices in markets that are not active, broker or dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency.

• Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date.

To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis include cash equivalents and investments (Note 4).

An entity may elect to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value at specified election dates. Subsequent unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected will be reported in net loss. The Company did not elect to measure any additional financial instruments or other items at fair value.

Revenue Recognition

Pieris has entered into several licensing agreements with collaboration partners for the development of Anticalin therapeutics against a variety of targets. The terms of these agreements provide for the transfer of multiple goods or services which may include: (i) licenses, or options to obtain licenses, to Pieris’s Anticalin technology and/or specific programs and (ii) research and development activities to be performed on behalf of or with a collaborative partner. Payments to Pieris under these agreements may include upfront fees (which include license and option fees), payments for research and development activities, payments based upon the achievement of certain milestones and royalties on product sales. There are no performance, cancellation, termination or refund provisions in any of the arrangements that could result in material financial consequences to Pieris.

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC 606. The standard requires a company to recognize revenue when it transfers goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that the company expects to receive for those goods or services. The standard allows for two transition methods -- full retrospective, in which the standard is applied to each prior reporting period presented, or modified retrospective, in which the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard is recognized at the date of initial adoption. The Company elected the modified retrospective approach and applied it to contracts not completed at the date of adoption. Therefore, comparative prior periods have not been adjusted. The reported results for 2019 reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance while the reported results for 2018 were prepared under the guidance of FASB ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, or ASC 605. Furthermore, the Company adopted the contract modification practical expedient set forth in ASC 606 and will reflect the aggregate effect of all modifications that occurred before January 1, 2019 when identifying the satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations, determining the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to the satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations. See Note 3 for additional details on these arrangements.

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Collaborative Arrangements

The Company considers the nature and contractual terms of an arrangement and assess whether the arrangement involves a joint operating activity pursuant to which it is an active participant and exposed to significant risks and rewards with respect to the arrangement. If the Company is an active participant and exposed to the significant risks and rewards with respect to the arrangement, it accounts for these arrangements pursuant to ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements, or ASC 808, and applies a systematic and rational approach to recognize revenue. The Company classifies payments received as revenue and payments made as a reduction of revenue in the period in which they are earned.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for these goods and services. To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the following five steps: 1) identify the customer contract; 2) identify the contract’s performance obligations; 3) determine the transaction price; 4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and 5) recognize revenue when or as a performance obligation is satisfied.

The Company evaluates all promised goods and services within a customer contract and determines which of such goods and services are separate performance obligations. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether the good or service is capable of being distinct and whether the good or service is separable from other promises in the contract.  In assessing whether promised goods or services are distinct, the Company considers factors such as the stage of development of the underlying intellectual property and the capabilities of the customer to develop the intellectual property on their own or whether the required expertise is readily available.

Licensing arrangements are analyzed to determine whether the promised goods or services, which often include licenses, research and development services and governance committee services, are distinct or whether they must be accounted for as part of a combined performance obligation. If the license is considered not to be distinct, the license would then be combined with other promised goods or services as a combined performance obligation. If the Company is involved in a governance committee, it assesses whether its involvement constitutes a separate performance obligation. When governance committee services are determined to be separate performance obligations, the Company determines the fair value to be allocated to this promised service.

Certain contracts contain optional and additional items, which are considered marketing offers and are accounted for as separate contracts with the customer if such option is elected by the customer, unless the option provides a material right which would not be provided without entering into the contract.  An option that is considered a material right is accounted for as a separate performance obligation.

The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods and services to the customer. A contract may contain variable consideration, including potential payments for both milestone and research and development services. For certain potential milestone payments, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration by using the most likely amount method. In making this assessment, the Company evaluates factors such as the clinical, regulatory, commercial and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the milestone. Each reporting period the Company re-evaluates the probability of achievement of such variable consideration and any related constraints. Pieris will include variable consideration, without constraint, in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. For potential research and development service payments, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration by using the expected value method, including any approved budget updates arising from additional research or development services.

If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price among the performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis unless the transaction price is variable and meets the criteria to be allocated entirely to a performance obligation or to a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation.

The Company allocates the transaction price based on the estimated standalone selling price of the underlying performance obligations or in the case of certain variable consideration to one or more performance obligations. The Company must develop assumptions that require judgment to determine the stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation identified in the contract. The Company utilizes key assumptions to determine the stand-alone selling price, which may include other comparable transactions, pricing considered in negotiating the transaction and the estimated costs to complete the respective performance obligation. Certain variable consideration is allocated specifically to one or more performance obligations in a

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contract when the terms of the variable consideration relate to the satisfaction of the performance obligation and the resulting amounts allocated to each performance obligation are consistent with the amount the Company would expect to receive for each performance obligation.   

When a performance obligation is satisfied, revenue is recognized for the amount of the transaction price, excluding estimates of variable consideration that are constrained, that is allocated to that performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis. Significant management judgment is required in determining the level of effort required under an arrangement and the period over which the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations under an arrangement.

For performance obligations consisting of licenses and other promises, the Company utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue from non- refundable, up-front fees. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition. If the license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company will recognize revenue from non-refundable, up-front fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the customer and the customer is able to use and benefit from the license.

Milestones and Royalties

The Company aggregates milestones into four categories: (i) research milestones, (ii) development milestones, (iii) commercial milestones, and (iv) sales milestones. Research milestones are typically achieved upon reaching certain success criteria as defined in each agreement related to developing an Anticalin protein against the specified target. Development milestones are typically reached when a compound reaches a defined phase of clinical research or passes such phase or upon gaining regulatory approvals. Commercial milestones are typically achieved when an approved pharmaceutical product reaches the status for commercial sale, including regulatory approval. Sales milestones are certain defined levels of net sales by the licensee, such as when a product first achieves global sales or annual sales of a specified amount.

There is uncertainty that the events to obtain the research and development milestones will be achieved given the nature of clinical development and the stage of the Company’s technology. The Company has thus determined that all research and development milestones will be constrained until it is deemed probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur. For revenues from research and development milestones, payments will be recognized consistent with the recognition pattern of the performance obligation to which they relate.

For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and for which the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied). Commercial milestones and sales royalties are determined by sales or usage-based thresholds and will be accounted for under the royalty recognition constraint as constrained variable consideration.

Contract Balances

The Company recognizes a contract asset when the Company transfers goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, excluding any amounts presented as a receivable (i.e., accounts receivable). A contract asset is an entity’s right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the entity has transferred to a customer. The contract liabilities (i.e., deferred revenue) primarily relate to contracts where the Company has received payment but has not yet satisfied the related performance obligations.

In the event of an early termination of a collaboration agreement, any contract liabilities would be recognized in the period in which all Company obligations under the agreement have been fulfilled.

Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract with a Customer

Certain costs to obtain customer contracts, including success-based fees paid to third-party service providers, and costs to fulfill customer contracts are capitalized in accordance with FASB ASC 340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs, or ASC 340. These costs are amortized to expense on a systemic basis that is consistent with the transfer to the customer of the goods or services to which the asset relates. The Company will expense the amortization of costs to obtain customer contracts to general and administrative expense and costs to fulfill customer contracts to research and development expense.

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Impact of Adopting ASC 606 on the Financial Statements

As a result of applying the modified retrospective method to adopt the new revenue guidance, the following adjustments were made to the consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019:

	As Reported, December 31, 2018			ASC 606 Adjustment			Adjusted, January 1, 2019
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data (in thousands):
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	4,574		$	716		$	5,290
Other non-current assets	910			1,120			2,030
Total Assets	$	141,341		$	1,836		$	143,177
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	$	53,303		$	3,477		$	56,780
Total Liabilities	101,406			3,477			104,883
Accumulated deficit	(147,066		)	(1,641		)	(148,707		)
Total stockholders' equity	39,935			(1,641		)	38,294
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	141,341		$	1,836		$	143,177

These changes were primarily caused by the differences in determining and allocating transaction price under ASC 606 and costs to obtain certain contracts.

The adoption of ASC 606 did not impact income taxes, as the Company fully reserves its net deferred tax assets. Therefore, the change to the Company's net deferred tax asset position due to adoption was offset by a corresponding change to the valuation allowance.

The following table compares the reported condensed consolidated balance sheet and statement of operations, as of June 30, 2019 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, to the pro-forma amounts had the previous guidance been in effect:

	June 30, 2019
	As Reported, ASC 606			Adjustments			Adjusted Balance, ASC 605
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Data (in thousands):
Prepaids and other current assets	$	4,605		$	(604	)	$	4,001
Other non-current assets	11,490			(1,120		)	10,370
Total Assets	$	130,840		$	(1,724	)	$	129,116
Deferred revenues, current portion	28,406			8,689			37,095
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	58,110			(11,644		)	46,466
Total Liabilities	111,355			(2,955		)	108,400
Accumulated Deficit	(170,813		)	1,231			(169,582		)
Total stockholders' equity	19,485			1,231			20,716
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	130,840		$	(1,724	)	$	129,116

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	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019									Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
	As Reported, ASC 606			Adjustments			Adjusted Balance, ASC 605			As Reported, ASC 606			Adjustments			Adjusted Balance, ASC 605
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations Data (in thousands):
Revenue	$	5,332		$	(1,199	)	$	4,133		$	13,877		$	(522	)	$	13,355
General and administrative expenses	4,189			(39		)	4,150			9,121			(112		)	9,009
Loss from operations	(12,230		)	(1,238		)	(13,468		)	(22,913		)	(634		)	(23,547		)
Loss before income taxes	(11,758		)	(1,238		)	(12,996		)	(22,106		)	(634		)	(22,740		)
Net loss	$	(11,758	)	$	(1,238	)	$	(12,996	)	$	(22,106	)	$	(634	)	$	(22,740	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(12,409	)	$	(1,238	)	$	(13,647	)	$	(21,831	)	$	(634	)	$	(22,465	)

The application of ASC 606 did not have an impact on the Company’s net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 but did result in offsetting adjustments to net loss, change in other current and non-current assets, and the change in deferred revenue presented within the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for that period.

Operating Leases

The Company leases its office and laboratory facilities and certain lease agreements contain free or escalating rent payment provisions. The Company recognizes rent expense under such leases on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease with the difference between the expense and the payments recorded as deferred rent on the consolidated balance sheets. Lease renewal periods are considered on a lease-by-lease basis in determining the lease term. Funding of leasehold improvements by the Company’s landlord are accounted for as a tenant improvement allowance and are amortized as a reduction of rent expense over the term of the lease. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the useful life or the remaining lease term.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842), or ASU 2016-2. Subsequently, the FASB also issued ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842), orASU 2019-01: Codification Improvements, which updated codification language under the standard. Under the amendments in ASU 2016-2, lessees will be required to recognize (i) a lease liability, which is a lessee's obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis and (ii) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date. This guidance is effective for public emerging growth companies, like the Company, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company anticipates an effective date of adoption for this standard in the fourth quarter of 2019, retroactive to January 1, 2019, when the Company anticipates losing emerging growth company status. The Company has begun to assess the current state of accounting for leases, to catalog all current leases effected and to review all vendor contracts for the potential existence of a lease in order to understand the gaps between the current state and required future state and to implement the new processes and controls required. The Company currently expects that adoption of this standard will have a material increase on both total assets and liabilities in its condensed consolidated financial statements based upon the Company's current leasing obligations.

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808):Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606, orASU 2018-18.  ASU 2018-18 makes targeted improvements to generally accepted accounting principles for collaborative arrangements, including: (i) clarification that certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for as revenue under ASC 606 when the collaborative arrangement participant is a customer in the context of a unit of account, (ii) adding unit-of-account guidance in Topic 808 to align with the guidance in ASC 606, and (iii) a requirement that in a transaction with a collaborative arrangement participant that is not directly related to sales to third parties, presenting the transaction together with revenue recognized under ASC 606 is precluded if the collaborative arrangement participant is not a customer. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that fiscal year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption, if any, that this standard may have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

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The Company has considered other recent accounting pronouncements and concluded that they are either not applicable to the business or that the effect is not expected to be material to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of future adoption.

3.    Revenue

General

The Company has not generated revenue from product sales. The Company has generated revenue from contracts with customers (option, license and collaboration agreements), which include upfront payments for licenses or options to obtain licenses, payments for research and development services and milestone payments.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, the Company recognized revenues as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenue from contracts with customers	$	4,934	$	11,224	$	12,468	$	14,668
Collaboration revenue (ASC 808)	398		467		1,409		1,084
Other revenues	—		—		—		91
Total Revenue	$	5,332	$	11,691	$	13,877	$	15,843

Included in the revenue from contracts with customers for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was $2.4 million and $6.5 million, respectively, that was included in the aggregated deferred liability balances at December 31, 2018.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, the Company recognized revenue from the following strategic partnerships and other license agreements (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Seattle Genetics	$	504	$	2,425	$	1,429	$	2,731
AstraZeneca	3,888		6,390		9,908		8,937
Servier	940		1,419		2,540		2,627
Other	—		1,457		—		1,548
Total Revenue	$	5,332	$	11,691	$	13,877	$	15,843

Under the Company´s existing strategic partnerships, the Company could receive the following potential milestone payments (in millions):

	Research, Development & Commercial Milestones		Sales Milestones
Seattle Genetics	$	769	$	450
AstraZeneca	1,111		960
Servier	984		892
Total potential milestone payments	$	2,864	$	2,302

Seattle Genetics

On February 8, 2018, the Company entered into a license and collaboration agreement, or the Seattle Genetics Collaboration Agreement, and a non-exclusive Anticalin platform technology license agreement, or the Seattle Genetics Platform License, and together with the Seattle Genetics Collaboration Agreement, the Seattle Genetics Agreements, with Seattle Genetics, Inc., or Seattle Genetics, pursuant to which the parties will develop multiple targeted bispecific IO treatments for solid tumors and blood cancers.

Under the terms of the Seattle Genetics Agreements, the companies will pursue multiple antibody-Anticalin fusion proteins during the research phase. The Seattle Genetics Agreements provide Seattle Genetics a base option to select up to three programs for further development. Prior to the initiation of a pivotal trial, the Company may opt into global co-development and U.S.

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commercialization of the second program and share in global costs and profits on an equal basis. Seattle Genetics will solely develop, fund and commercialize the other two programs. Seattle Genetics may also decide to select additional candidates from the initial research phase for further development in return for the payment to us of additional fees, milestone payments and royalties.

The Seattle Genetics Platform License grants Seattle Genetics a non-exclusive license to certain intellectual property related to the Anticalin platform technology.

Upon signing the Seattle Genetics Agreements, Seattle Genetics paid the Company a $30.0 million upfront fee and an additional $4.9 million was estimated to be paid for research and development services as reimbursement to the Company through the end of the research term. In addition, the Company may receive tiered royalties on net sales up to the low double-digits and up to $1.2 billion in total success-based research, development, commercial and sales milestones payments across the product candidates, depending on the successful development and commercialization of those candidates. If Seattle Genetics exercises its option to select additional candidates from the initial research phase for further development, payment to Pieris of additional fees, milestone payments and royalties would result.

The term of each of the Seattle Genetics Agreements ends upon the expiration of all of Seattle Genetics’s payment obligations under each such agreement. The Seattle Genetics Collaboration Agreement may be terminated by Seattle Genetics on a product-by-product basis for convenience beginning 12 months after its effective date upon 90 days' notice or, for any program where a pivotal study has been initiated, upon 180 days' notice. Any program may be terminated at Seattle Genetics's option. If any program is terminated by Seattle Genetics after a pre-defined pre-clinical stage, the Company will have full rights to continue such program. If any program is terminated by Seattle Genetics prior to such pre-defined pre-clinical stage, the Company will have the right to continue to develop such program, but will be obligated to offer a co-development option to Seattle Genetics for such program. The Seattle Genetics Collaboration Agreement may also be terminated by Seattle Genetics or the Company for an uncured material breach by the other party upon 90 days' notice, subject to extension for an additional 90 days if the material breach relates to diligence obligations and subject, in all cases, to dispute resolution procedures. The Seattle Genetics Collaboration Agreement may also be terminated due to the other party’s insolvency and may in certain instances, including for reasons of safety, be terminated on a product-by-product basis. Each party may also terminate the Seattle Genetics Agreements if the other party challenges the validity of any patents licensed under the Seattle Genetics Agreements, subject to certain exceptions. The Seattle Genetics Platform License will terminate upon termination of the Seattle Genetics Collaboration Agreement, whether in its entirety or on a product-by-product basis.

The Company determined that the Seattle Genetics Agreements should be combined and evaluated as a single arrangement under ASC 606 as they were executed on the same date. The arrangement with Seattle Genetics provides for the transfer of the following goods or services: (i) three candidate research licenses that each consist of a non-exclusive platform technology license, a co-exclusive candidate research license, and research and development services, (ii) research, development and manufacturing services associated with each candidate research license, (iii) participation on various governance committees, and (iv) two antibody target swap options which were assessed as material rights.

Management evaluated all of the promised goods or services within the contract and determined which such goods and services were separate performance obligations. The Company determined that the licenses granted, at arrangement inception, should be combined with the research and development services to be provided for the related antibody target programs as they are not capable of being distinct. A third party would not be able to provide the research and development services due to the specific nature of the intellectual property and knowledge required to perform the services, and Seattle Genetics could not benefit from the licenses without the corresponding services. The Company determined that the participation on the various governance committees was distinct as the services could be performed by an outside party.

As a result, management concluded there are six separate performance obligations at the inception of the Seattle Genetics Agreements: (i) three combined performance obligations, each comprised of a non-exclusive platform technology license, a co-exclusive candidate research license, and research and development services for the first three approved Seattle Genetics antibody target programs, (ii) two performance obligations each comprised of a material right for an antibody target swap option for the first and the second approved Seattle Genetics antibody target for no additional consideration, and (iii) one performance obligation comprised of the participation on the various governance committees.

The Company allocated consideration to the performance obligations based on the relative proportion of their standalone selling prices. The Company developed standalone selling prices for licenses by applying a risk adjusted, net present value, estimate of future potential cash flows approach, which included the cost of obtaining research and development services at arm’s length from a third-party provider, as well as internal full-time equivalent costs to support these services. The Company developed the standalone

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selling price for committee participation by using management’s estimate of the anticipated participation hours multiplied by a market rate for comparable participants.

The transaction price at inception is comprised of fixed consideration of $30.0 million in upfront fees and variable consideration of $4.9 million of estimated research and development services to be reimbursed as research and development occurs through the research term. The $30.0 million upfront fee, which represents the fixed consideration in the transaction price, was allocated to each of the performance obligations based on the relative proportion of their standalone selling prices. The $4.9 million in variable consideration related to the research and development services is allocated specifically to the three target program performance obligations based upon the budgeted services for each program.

The amounts allocated to the performance obligations for the three research programs will be recognized on a proportional performance basis through the completion of each respective estimated research term of the individual research programs. The amounts allocated to the material right for the antibody target swap option will be recognized either at the time the material right expires or, if exercised, on a proportional performance basis over the estimated research term for that program. The amounts allocated to the participation on each of the committees will be recognized straight-line over the anticipated research term for all research programs. As of June 30, 2019, there was $26.1 million of aggregate transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations.

Under the Seattle Genetics Agreements, the Company is eligible to receive various research, development, commercial and sales milestones. There is uncertainty that the events to obtain the research and development milestones will be achieved given the nature of clinical development and the stage of the Company’s technology. The Company has thus determined that all research and development milestones will be constrained until it is deemed probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur.

As of June 30, 2019, there is $6.6 million and $15.3 million of current and non-current deferred revenue, respectively, related to the Seattle Genetics Agreements.

AstraZeneca

On May 2, 2017, the Company entered into a license and collaboration agreement, or the AstraZeneca Collaboration Agreement, and a non-exclusive Anticalin platform technology license agreement, or AstraZeneca Platform License, and together with the AstraZeneca Collaboration Agreement, the AstraZeneca Agreements, with AstraZeneca AB, or AstraZeneca, which became effective on June 10, 2017, following expiration of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976. Under the AstraZeneca Agreements the parties will advance several novel inhaled Anticalin proteins.

In addition to the Company’s lead inhaled drug candidate, PRS-060, or the AstraZeneca Lead Product, the Company and AstraZeneca will also collaborate to progress four additional novel Anticalin proteins against undisclosed targets for respiratory diseases, or the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products, and together with the AstraZeneca Lead Product, the AstraZeneca Products. The Company is responsible for advancing the AstraZeneca Lead Product through its phase 1 study, with the associated costs funded by AstraZeneca. The parties will collaborate thereafter to conduct a phase 2a study in asthma patients, with AstraZeneca continuing to fund development costs. After completion of the phase 2a study, Pieris has the option to co-develop the AstraZeneca Lead Product and also has the option to co-commercialize the AstraZeneca Lead Product in the United States. For the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products, the Company will be responsible for the initial discovery of the novel Anticalin proteins, after which AstraZeneca will take the lead on continued development of the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products. The Company has the option to co-develop two of the four AstraZeneca Collaboration Products beginning at a pre-defined preclinical stage and would also have the option to co-commercialize these two programs in the United States, while AstraZeneca will be responsible for development and commercialization of the other programs worldwide.

The term of each of the AstraZeneca Agreements ends upon the expiration of all of AstraZeneca’s payment obligations under such agreement. The AstraZeneca Collaboration Agreement may be terminated by AstraZeneca in its entirety for convenience beginning 12 months after its effective date upon 90 days’ notice or, if the Company has obtained marketing approval for the marketing and sale of a product, upon 180 days’ notice. Each program may be terminated at AstraZeneca’s option; if any program is terminated by AstraZeneca, the Company will have full rights to such program. The AstraZeneca Collaboration Agreement may also be terminated by AstraZeneca or the Company for material breach upon 180 days’ notice of a material breach (or 30 days with respect to payment breach), provided that the applicable party has not cured such breach by the permitted cure period (including an additional 180 days if the breach is not susceptible to cure during the initial 180-day period) and dispute resolution procedures specified in the agreement have been followed. The AstraZeneca Collaboration Agreement may also be terminated due to the other party’s insolvency and may in certain instances be terminated on a product-by-product and/or country-by-country basis. Each party may also terminate an AstraZeneca Agreement if the other party challenges the validity of patents related to certain intellectual property licensed under such AstraZeneca Agreement, subject to certain exceptions for infringement suits, acquisitions and newly-

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acquired licenses. The AstraZeneca Platform License will terminate upon termination of the AstraZeneca Collaboration Agreement, on a product-by-product and/or country-by-country basis.

At inception, AstraZeneca is granted the following licenses: (i) research and development license for the AstraZeneca Lead Product, (ii) commercial license for the AstraZeneca Lead Product, (iii) individual research licenses for each of the four AstraZeneca Collaboration Products, (iv) individual commercial licenses for each of the four AstraZeneca Collaboration Products, and (v) individual non-exclusive platform technology licenses for the AstraZeneca Lead Product and the four AstraZeneca Collaboration Products. AstraZeneca will be granted individual development licenses for each of the four AstraZeneca Collaboration Products upon completion of the initial discovery of Anticalin proteins.

The collaboration will be managed on an overall basis by a Joint Steering Committee, or JSC, formed by an equal number of representatives from the Company and AstraZeneca. In addition to the JSC, the AstraZeneca Collaboration Agreement also requires each party to designate an alliance manager to facilitate communication and coordination of the parties' activities under the agreement, and further requires participation of both parties on a joint development committee, or JDC, and a commercialization committee. The responsibilities of these committees vary, depending on the stage of development and commercialization of each product.

Under the AstraZeneca Agreements, the Company received an upfront, non-refundable payment of $45.0 million. In addition, the Company will receive payments to conduct a phase 1 clinical study for the AstraZeneca Lead Product. The Company is also eligible to receive research, development, commercial, sales milestone payments and royalty payments. The Company may receive tiered royalties on sales of potential products commercialized by AstraZeneca and for co-developed products, gross margin share on worldwide sales equal dependent on the Company’s level of committed investment.

Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, the budgeted research and development services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product increased and were approved by the JSC. The increases included additional phase 1 services as well as the addition of certain phase 2a services. The Company determined that these increases were contract modifications. Upon the adoption of ASC 606, the Company reflected the aggregate effects of these modifications as of the last modification date.

The Company determined that the AstraZeneca Agreements should be combined and evaluated as a single arrangement under ASC 606 as they were executed on the same date. The arrangement with AstraZeneca, including the impact of any modifications, provides for the transfer of the following goods and services: (i) five non-exclusive platform technology licenses, (ii) research and development license for the AstraZeneca Lead Product, (iii) commercial license for the AstraZeneca Lead Product, (iv) development and manufacturing services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product (or the phase 1 services), (v) technology transfer services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product, (vi) research services related to the AstraZeneca Lead Product, (vii) participation on each of the committees, (viii) four research licenses for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products, (ix) four commercial licenses for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products, (x) research services for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products and (xi) certain phase 2a services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product. Additionally, as the development licenses on the four AstraZeneca Collaboration Products may be granted at a discount in the future, the Company determined such discounts should be assessed as material rights at inception.

Management evaluated all of the promised goods or services within the contract and determined which such goods and services

were separate performance obligations. The Company determined that the licenses granted for the AstraZeneca Lead Product at the inception of the arrangement should be combined with the research services related to the AstraZeneca Lead Product and the licenses granted for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products should be combined with the research services for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products, as the licenses are not capable of being distinct. A third party would not be able to provide the research and development services, due to the specific nature of the intellectual property and knowledge required to perform the services, and AstraZeneca could not benefit from the licenses without the corresponding services. The Company also determined that each of the phase 1 services and the phase 2a services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product were distinct and that the participation on the various committees was also distinct as all of the phase 1 services, phase 2a services and the committee services could be performed by an outside party. The Company determined that the commercial licenses for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products granted at the inception of the arrangement should be combined with the development licenses for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products as the company would not benefit from the commercial license without the ability to develop each product.

As a result, management concluded that there were 16 performance obligations: (i) combined performance obligation comprised of a non-exclusive platform technology license, research and development license, and commercial licenses for the AstraZeneca Lead Product and research services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product, (ii) combined performance obligation comprised of development and manufacturing services, and technology transfer services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product, (iii) committee participation, (iv-vii) four combined performance obligations each comprised of a non-exclusive platform technology license,

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research licenses, and research services for each AstraZeneca Collaboration Product, (viii-xi) four performance obligations comprised of a material right to acquire the development licenses granted for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products, (xii-xv) four performance obligations comprised of the commercial licenses granted for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products and (xvi) phase 2a services.

The Company allocated consideration to the performance obligations based on the relative proportion of their standalone selling prices. The Company developed standalone selling prices for licenses and corresponding research services by applying a risk adjusted, net present value, estimate of future potential cash flow approach, which included the cost of obtaining research services at arm’s length from a third-party provider, as well as internal full-time equivalent costs to support these services. The Company developed its standalone selling price for development and manufacturing services and technology transfer services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product using estimated internal and external costs to be incurred.

The Company developed its standalone selling price for committee participation by using management’s estimate of the anticipated participation hours multiplied by a market rate for comparable participants.

The Company developed its standalone selling price for the commercial licenses and material rights granted on the development licenses by probability weighting multiple cash flow scenarios using the income approach.

The transaction price is comprised of fixed consideration of $45.0 million in upfront fees and variable consideration of (i) $14.2 million in estimated phase 1 services, (ii) $12.5 million in milestone payments achieved upon the initiation of a phase 1 study in December 2017, and (iii) $4.7 million in estimated phase 2a services. The $45.0 million upfront fee, which represents the fixed consideration in the transaction price, was allocated to each of the performance obligations based on the relative proportion of their standalone selling prices. Variable consideration of $14.2 million is related to the phase 1 services and will be allocated entirely to the performance obligation to which they relate. Variable consideration of $12.5 million related to the phase 1 trial milestone was allocated by relative selling price to the combined performance obligation comprised of a non-exclusive platform technology license, research and development license and commercial licenses for the AstraZeneca Lead Product and research services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product, and the combined performance obligation comprised of development and manufacturing services and technology transfer services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product performance obligations. Variable consideration of $4.7 million for phase 2a services was allocated specifically to the related performance obligation.

The amounts allocated to the license performance obligation for the AstraZeneca Lead Product and the four performance obligations for the four research licenses for AstraZeneca Collaboration Products will be recognized on a proportional performance basis as the activities are conducted over the life of the arrangement. The amounts allocated to the performance obligation for phase 1 services, technology transfer services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product will be recognized on a proportional performance basis over the estimated term of development through phase 2a study. The amounts allocated to the performance obligation for phase 2a services for the AstraZeneca Lead Product will be recognized on a proportionate performance basis over an estimated term of 12 months. The amounts allocated to the performance obligation for participation on each of the committees will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected term of development of the AstraZeneca Lead Product and the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products. The term of performance is approximately five years. The amounts allocated to the four performance obligations for the material rights to acquire a development license and the four performance obligations for commercial licenses for the AstraZeneca Collaboration Products will be recognized upon exercise of the specific material right and delivery of each of the development licenses. As of June 30, 2019, there was $36.2 million of aggregate transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations.

Additionally, the Company evaluated payments required to be made between both parties as a result of the shared development costs of the AstraZeneca Lead Product and the two AstraZeneca Collaboration Products for which the Company has a co-development option. The Company will classify payments made as a reduction of revenue and will classify payments received as revenue in the period they are earned.

Under the AstraZeneca Agreements, the Company is eligible to receive various research, development, commercial and sales milestones. There is uncertainty that the events to obtain the research and development milestones will be achieved given the nature of clinical development and the stage of the Company’s technology. The Company has thus determined that all research and development milestones, other than the phase 1 initiation milestone achieved in December 2017 and included in the impact of adoption of ASC 606, will be constrained until it is deemed probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur.

As of June 30, 2019, there is $12.1 million and $18.2 million of current and non-current deferred revenue, respectively, related to the AstraZeneca Agreements.

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The Company incurred $1.6 million of third-party success fees to obtain the contract with AstraZeneca. Upon adoption of ASC 606, the Company capitalized $1.1 million in accordance with ASC 340. As of June 30, 2019, the remaining balance of the asset recognized from transaction costs to obtain the AstraZeneca contract is $1.0 million. Amortization during the three months ended June 30, 2019 was immaterial and during the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $0.1 million.

Servier

On January 4, 2017, the Company entered into a license and collaboration agreement, or Servier Collaboration Agreement, and a non-exclusive Anticalin platform license agreement, or Servier Platform License, and together with the Servier Collaboration Agreement, the Servier Agreements, with Les Laboratoires Servier and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, or Servier, pursuant to which the Company and Servier will initially pursue five bispecific therapeutic programs.

Five committed programs have been defined, which may combine antibodies from the Servier portfolio with one or more Anticalin proteins based on the Company’s proprietary platform to generate innovative IO bispecific drug candidates, or the Collaboration Products. The collaboration may be expanded by up to three additional therapeutic programs. The Company has the option to co-develop and retain commercial rights in the United States for up to three programs beyond PRS-332, or the Co-Development Collaboration Products, while Servier will be responsible for development and commercialization of the other programs worldwide, or the Servier Worldwide Collaboration Products. Each party is responsible for an agreed upon percentage of shared costs, as set forth in the budget for the collaboration plan, and further discussed below.

Co-Development Collaboration Products may be jointly developed, according to a collaboration plan, through marketing approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or the European Medicines Agency. Servier Worldwide Collaboration Products may be jointly developed, according to a collaboration plan, through specified preclinical activities, at which point Servier becomes responsible for further development of the Collaboration Product.

At inception, Servier was granted the following licenses: (i) development license for PRS-332, (ii) commercial license for PRS-332, (iii) individual research licenses for each of the four Collaboration Products, and (iv) individual non-exclusive platform technology licenses for each of PRS-332 and four Collaboration Products. Upon achievement of certain development activities, specified by the collaboration for each Servier Agreement, Servier will be granted a development license and a commercial license. For PRS-332 and Co-Development Collaboration Products, the licenses granted are with respect to the entire world except for the United States. For Servier Worldwide Collaboration Products, the licenses granted are with respect to the entire world.

The Servier Agreements will be managed on an overall basis by a joint executive committee, or JEC, formed by an equal number of members from the Company and Servier. Decisions by the JEC will be made by consensus, however, in the event of a disagreement, each party will have final-decision making authority as it relates to the applicable territory in which such party has commercialization rights for the applicable product. In addition to the JEC, the Servier Collaboration Agreement requires the participation of both parties on: (i) a JSC, (ii) a JDC, (iii) a joint intellectual property committee, or JIPC, and (iv) a joint research committee, or JRC. The responsibilities of these committees vary, depending on the stage of development and commercialization of PRS-332 and each of the Collaboration Products.

For PRS-332 and Co-Development Collaboration Products, the Company and Servier are responsible for an agreed upon percent of the shared costs required to develop the products through commercialization. In the event that the Company fails to exercise their option to co-develop the Co-Development Collaboration Products, Servier has the right to continue with the development and will be responsible for all costs required to develop the products through commercialization.

Under the Servier Agreements, the Company received an upfront, non-refundable payment of €30.0 million (approximately $32.0 million). In addition, the Company is eligible to receive research, development, commercial and sales milestone payments as well as tiered royalties up to low double digits on the sales of commercialized products in the Servier territories. The Company achieved two preclinical milestones under the program, one in December 2018 for €0.5 million (approximately $0.6 million) and another in February 2019 for €1.5 million (approximately $1.7 million), both of which became billable on their respective achievement dates.

The initial research collaboration term, as it relates to PRS-332 and Collaboration Products, shall continue for three years from the effective date and may be mutually extended for two one-year terms consecutively applied.

The term of each Servier Agreement ends upon the expiration of all of Servier’s payment obligations under such Servier Agreement. The Servier Agreements may be terminated by Servier for convenience beginning 12 months after their effective date upon 180 days’ notice. The Servier Agreements may also be terminated by Servier or the Company for material breach upon 90

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days’ or 120 days’ notice of a material breach, with respect to the Servier Collaboration Agreement and the Servier Platform License, respectively, provided that the applicable party has not cured such breach by the applicable 90-day or 120-day permitted cure period, and dispute resolution procedures specified in the applicable Servier Agreement have been followed. The Servier Agreements may also be terminated due to the other party’s insolvency or for a safety issue and may in certain instances be terminated on a product-by-product and/or country-by-country basis. The Servier Platform License will terminate upon termination of the Servier Collaboration Agreement, on a product-by-product and/or country-by-country basis.

As the Company and Servier are considered to be active participants in the Servier Agreements and are exposed to significant risks and rewards, certain units of account within the Servier Agreements are within the scope of ASC 808. The arrangement with Servier provides for the transfer of the following goods and services: (i) five non-exclusive platform technology licenses, (ii) development license for PRS-332, (iii) commercial license for PRS-332, (iv) research and development services for PRS-332, (v) participation on each of the committees, (vi) four research licenses for Collaboration Products, and (vii) research and development services for the Collaboration Products. Additionally, as the development and commercial licenses on the four Collaboration Products may be granted at a discount in the future, the Company determined such discounts should be assessed as material rights at inception.

Management evaluated all of the promised goods or services within the contract and determined which such goods and services

were separate performance obligations. The Company determined the licenses granted, at arrangement inception, should be combined with the research and development services to be provided for PRS-332 and Collaboration Products, over the term of the Servier Agreements, as the licenses are not capable of being distinct. A third party would not be able to provide the research and development services, due to the specific nature of the intellectual property and knowledge required to perform the services, and Servier could not benefit from the licenses without the corresponding services. The Company determined that the participation on the various committees was distinct as the services could be performed by an outside party.

As a result, management concluded there are 14 performance obligations at inception of the Servier Agreements. The following performance obligations are within the scope of ASC 808: (i) combined performance obligation comprised of a non-exclusive platform technology license, commercial license, development license and research and development services for PRS-332, (ii) four separate performance obligations each comprised of a combined non-exclusive platform technology license, research license and research and development services for each Co-Developed Collaboration Product (iii) one performance obligation comprised of participation in the various governance committees, and (iv) four combined performance obligations comprised of the development and commercial licenses granted for the Co-Developed Collaboration Products (and corresponding discounts) upon the achievement of specified preclinical activities, resulting in material rights. The following performance obligations are within the scope of ASC 606: (i) two separate performance obligations each comprised of a combined non-exclusive platform technology license, research license and research and development services for each Servier Worldwide Collaboration Product, and (ii) two combined performance obligations comprised of the development and commercial licenses granted for the Servier Worldwide Collaboration Products (and corresponding discounts) upon the achievement of specified preclinical activities, resulting in material rights.

The Company allocated consideration to the performance obligations based on the relative proportion of their standalone selling prices. The Company developed its standalone selling prices for licenses by applying a risk adjusted, net present value, estimate of future potential cash flows approach, which included the cost of obtaining research and development services at arm’s length from a third-party provider, as well as internal full-time equivalent costs to support these services.

The Company developed its estimate of standalone selling price for committee participation by using management’s estimate of the anticipated participation hours multiplied by a market rate for comparable participants.

The Company developed its estimate of standalone selling price for the material rights granted on the development and commercial licenses granted for the Collaboration Products by probability weighting multiple cash flow scenarios using the income approach.

The transaction price at inception is comprised of the fixed upfront fee of €30.0 million (approximately $32.0 million) and was allocated to the performance obligations based on the relative proportion of their standalone selling prices.

The amounts allocated to the performance obligation for PRS-332 and the four performance obligations for the four research and development licenses for Collaboration Products will be recognized on a proportional performance basis as the activities are conducted over the life of the arrangement. The term of the performance at inception of the Servier Agreements for PRS-332 and each of the Co-Developed Collaboration Products may be through approval of certain regulatory bodies; a period which could be many years. The term of the performance for each of the other two Servier Worldwide Collaboration Products is through the initial research and collaboration term, plus potential extensions. The amounts allocated to the performance obligation for participation on each of the committees will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the anticipated performance period over the entirety of the arrangement with Servier. The amounts allocated to the four performance obligations for the material rights to acquire

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development and commercial licenses for the Co-Developed Collaboration Products are granted in the future will be recognized over time upon delivery of each of the licenses through marketing approval. The amounts allocated to the four performance obligations for the material rights to acquire development and commercial licenses for the Servier Developed Collaboration Products are granted in the future will be recognized upon delivery of each of the licenses. As of June 30, 2019, there was $31.4 million of aggregate transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations.

Additionally, the Company evaluated payments required to be made between both parties as a result of the shared development costs of PRS-332 and Collaboration Products. The Company will classify payments made as a reduction of revenue and will classify payments received as revenue, in the period they are earned.

Under the Servier Agreements the Company is eligible to receive various research, development, commercial and sales milestones. There is uncertainty that the events to obtain the research and development milestones will be achieved given the nature of clinical development and the stage of the Company’s technology. The Company has thus determined that all research and development milestones will be constrained until it is deemed probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur.

As of June 30, 2019, there is $6.8 million and $24.6 million of current and non-current deferred revenue, respectively, related to the Servier Agreements.

The Company incurred costs to obtain the contract with Servier. Upon adoption of ASC 606, the Company capitalized $0.5 million of third-party service fees in accordance with ASC 340. As of June 30, 2019, the remaining balance of the asset recognized from costs to obtain the Servier contract is $0.5 million.

ASKA

On February 27, 2017 the Company entered into an exclusive option agreement, or the ASKA Option Agreement, with ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., or ASKA, pursuant to which Pieris granted ASKA an option to acquire (1) a non-exclusive license to certain intellectual property rights associated with the Company’s Anticalin platform and (2) an exclusive license to certain intellectual property rights specifically related to the Company’s PRS-080 Anticalin protein in order to develop, manufacture, import, sale, export and offer for sale and export any pharmaceutical formulation containing PRS-080, the Company’s PEGylated Anticalin protein targeting hepcidin, or the Licensed Product, in Japan and certain other Asian territories.

Pieris is obliged to use commercially reasonable efforts to complete the phase 2a study for PRS-080 and to submit to ASKA, in writing, the final results of the study when available. Upon receipt, ASKA will have 60 days to evaluate the results of the phase 2a study, or the Evaluation Period. ASKA agreed to notify the Company, in writing, of its decision to exercise its option to acquire rights to the Licensed Product. If the phase 2a study meets the applicable success criteria and ASKA fails to provide notification that it will exercise its option, ASKA shall pay the Company an additional fee within 30 days of the end of the Evaluation Period. If ASKA exercises the option, ASKA and the Company will enter into a separate definitive arrangement governing the future development and commercialization activities.

The Company determined that the completed phase 2a study represents the sole good or service to be transferred, and the only performance obligation under the ASKA Option Agreement for which an upfront payment of $2.75 million was received from ASKA. The $2.75 million fixed upfront payment represents the transaction price at inception. The additional fee due if the phase 2a study meets the applicable success criteria and ASKA fails to provide notification that it will exercise its option represents variable consideration and will be constrained until it is deemed probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur.

While the completion of the phase 2a study requires the completion of a number of actions, the Company determined that the finalization of the data and evaluation of results of the phase 2a study is the point at which revenue would be recognized. Therefore, no revenue was recognized in connection with this arrangement for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of June 30, 2019, there is $2.9 million of current deferred revenue related to the ASKA Option Agreement.

In connection with obtaining the contract with ASKA, the Company additionally incurred $0.3 million in third-party service fees which were capitalized in accordance with ASC 340. As of June 30, 2019, the remaining balance of the asset recognized from costs to obtain the ASKA contract is $0.3 million.

Contract Balances

The Company receives payments from its collaboration partners based on payments established in each contract. Upfront payments and fees are recorded as deferred revenue upon receipt or when due until such time as the Company satisfies its performance

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obligations under each arrangement. A contract asset is a conditional right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the Company has transferred to a customer. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the Company’s right is unconditional.

There were no additions to deferred revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and the reductions in deferred revenue of $2.4 million and $6.5 million, respectively, were a result of ongoing activities to complete performance obligations under the various agreements.

4.    Cash, cash equivalents and investments

As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, cash, cash equivalents and investments comprised of funds in depository, money market accounts, U.S. treasury securities, asset backed securities and corporate bonds. The following table presents the cash equivalents and investments carried at fair value in accordance with the hierarchy defined in Note 2 (in thousands):

	Total		Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
June 30, 2019
Money market funds, included in cash equivalents	$	11,429	$	11,429	$	—	$	—
Corporate bonds, included in cash equivalents	2,598		—		2,598		—
Investments - U.S. treasuries	6,592		6,592		—		—
Investments - Asset-backed securities	10,041		—		10,041		—
Investments - Corporate bonds	28,149		—		28,149		—
Total	$	58,809	$	18,021	$	40,788	$	—
December 31, 2018
Money market funds, included in cash equivalents	$	7,791	$	7,791	$	—	$	—
Corporate bonds, included in cash equivalents	10,910		—		10,910		—
Investments - U.S. treasuries	7,518		7,518		—		—
Investments - Asset-backed securities	5,758		—		5,758		—
Investments - Corporate bonds	39,964		—		39,964		—
Total	$	71,941	$	15,309	$	56,632	$	—

Cash equivalents and marketable securities have been initially valued at the transaction price and subsequently valued, at the end of each reporting period, utilizing third party pricing services or other market observable data. The pricing services utilize industry standard valuation models, including both income and market-based approaches and observable market inputs to determine value. The Company validates the prices provided by its third-party pricing services by reviewing their pricing methods and obtaining market values from other pricing sources, as needed. After completing its validation procedures, the Company did not adjust any fair value measurements provided by the pricing services as of June 30, 2019.

Investments at June 30, 2019 consist of the following (in thousands):

	Contractual maturity (in days)	Amortized Cost		Unrealized gains		Unrealized losses			Fair Value
Investments
U.S. treasuries	62-259	$	6,587	$	5	$	—		$	6,592
Asset-backed securities	15-233	10,050		5		(14		)	10,041
Corporate bonds	23-242	28,191		8		(50		)	28,149
Total		$	44,828	$	18	$	(64	)	$	44,782

The Company recorded realized gains of $0.1 million from the maturity of available-for-sale securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. The Company recorded $0.1 million of realized gains and $0.1 million in realized losses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

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5.    Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment are summarized as follows (in thousands):

	June 30			December 31,
	2019			2018
Laboratory equipment	$	8,109		$	7,431
Office and computer equipment	692			661
Leasehold improvements	2,444			323
Property and equipment at cost	11,245			8,415
Accumulated depreciation	(3,357		)	(3,366		)
Property and equipment, net	$	7,888		$	5,049

6.    Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30		December 31,
	2019		2018
Accrued license obligations	$	2,552	$	2,523
Compensation expense	1,779		2,380
Professional fees	1,366		1,945
Research and development fees	1,409		943
Audit and tax fees	317		378
Other current liabilities	1,068		945
Total	$	8,491	$	9,114

7.    Stockholders´ Equity

The Company had 49,261,517 shares of common stock and 7,907 shares of preferred stock outstanding as of June 30, 2019, both with a par value of $0.001 per share.

Series B Preferred Stock

On January 30, 2019, the Company and certain entities affiliated with Biotechnology Value Fund, L.P., or BVF, entered into an exchange agreement pursuant to which BVF agreed to exchange an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock owned by BVF for an aggregate of 5,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock. On January 31, 2019, the Company designated 5,000 shares of its authorized and unissued preferred stock as Series B Preferred Stock and filed a Certificate of Designation of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock of Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or the Series B Certificate of Designation, with the Nevada Secretary of State.

Each share of Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into 1,000 shares of the Company's common stock (subject to adjustment as provided in the Series B Certificate of Designation) at any time at the option of the holder, provided that the holder is prohibited from converting the Series B Preferred Stock into shares of the Company's common stock if, as a result of such conversion, the holder, together with its affiliates, would own more than 9.99% of the total number of shares of Common Stock then issued and outstanding, or the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. The holder may reset the Beneficial Ownership Limitation to a higher or lower number, not to exceed 19.99% of the total number of common shares issued and outstanding immediately after giving effect to a conversion, upon providing written notice to the Company. Any such notice providing for an increase to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will be effective 61 days after delivery to the Company.

In the event of the Company’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up, subject to the rights of holders of Senior Securities (defined below), holders of Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive a payment equal to $0.001 per share of Series B Preferred Stock before any proceeds are distributed to the holders of common stock and Junior Securities (defined below) and pari passu with any distributions to the holders of the previously issued Series A convertible preferred stock, or the Series A Preferred Stock, plus an additional amount equal to any dividends declared but unpaid on such shares. However, if the assets of

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the Company are insufficient to comply with the preceding sentence, then all remaining assets of the Company shall be distributed ratably to holders of the shares of the Series B Preferred Stock and Parity Securities (defined below).

Shares of Series B Preferred Stock generally have no voting rights, except as required by law and except that the consent of holders of a majority of the then outstanding Series B Preferred Stock is required to amend the terms of the Series B Certificate of Designation. Holders of Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive any dividends payable to holders of the Company's common stock and rank: 

• senior to all of the Company's common stock;

• senior to any class or series of capital stock of the Company created after the designation of the Series B Preferred Stock specifically ranking by its terms junior to the Series B Preferred Stock, or the Junior Securities;

• on parity with all shares of Series A Preferred Stock and any class or series of capital stock of the Company created after the designation of the Series B Preferred Stock specifically ranking by its terms on parity with the Series B Preferred Stock, or the Parity Securities; and

• junior to any class or series of capital stock of the Company created after the designation of the Series B Preferred Stock specifically ranking by its terms senior to the Series B Preferred Stock, or the Senior Securities;

in each case, as to distributions of assets upon the Company’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up whether voluntarily or involuntarily and/or the right to receive dividends.

2019 Employee, Director and Consultant Equity Incentive Plan

At the Annual Shareholder Meeting, held on July 31, 2019, the shareholders approved the 2019 Employee, Director and Consultant Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2019 Plan. The 2019 Plan permits the Company to issue up to 2,750,000 shares of common stock pursuant to awards granted under the 2019 Plan. Upon approval of the 2019 Plan, the 2018 Employee, Director and Consultant Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, was terminated; all unissued options will be cancelled and no additional awards will be made thereunder. All outstanding awards under the 2018 Plan will remain in effect and any awards forfeited from the outstanding awards will be recycled into the 2019 Plan. There were approximately 931,896 shares remaining and available for grant under the 2018 Plan that terminated with the 2018 Plan.

Open Market Sale Agreement

On August 9, 2019, subsequent to quarter end, the Company entered into an Open Market Sale Agreement^SM (the “Sale Agreement”) with Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”) pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell shares of its common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), having aggregate gross sales proceeds of $50.0 million (the “Shares”), from time to time, through an “at the market offering” program under which Jefferies will act as sales agent. To date, the Company has not sold any Shares under the Sales Agreement. See Part II, Item 5 “Other Information” for additional information regarding the sale of the Shares.

8.    Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by adjusting weighted average shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents outstanding for the period, determined using the treasury-stock and if-converted methods. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, preferred stock, stock options and warrants are considered to be common stock equivalents but have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share, as their effect would be anti-dilutive for all periods presented. Therefore, basic and diluted net loss per share were the same for all periods presented.

For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and as calculated using the treasury stock method, approximately 21.6 million and 14.7 million of weighted average shares, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding as their effect was anti-dilutive.

9.    License and Transfer Agreement

License and Collaboration Agreement with the Technical University of Munich

The Company and the Technical University of Munich, or TUM, initiated discussions in the second quarter of 2018 to clarify, expand and restructure their 2013 research and licensing agreement with TUM, or the TUM License, including the parties’ obligations under the TUM License. The TUM License assigns or exclusively licenses to the Company certain intellectual property related to the Company's Anticalin platform technology. The parties' recent discussions relate to revised commercial terms and to re-initiating additional collaborations between faculty at TUM and the Company.  While an amended and restated license agreement has not yet been completed, the Company intends to enter into such an amendment. The Company recorded the probable expected impact of the amendment in research and development expense as of December 31, 2018, which is an increase in the Company's financial obligations associated with the TUM License of approximately $2.3 million, for amounts that would be due in 2019 for 2018 and 2017 sub-licensing activities. These discussions may also lead to an increase in the Company's collaborative research activities with TUM.

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10.    Leases

In October 2018, Pieris GmbH entered into a new lease for office and laboratory space located in Hallbergmoos, Germany. Under the Lease Agreement, Pieris GmbH will rent approximately 105,000 square feet, of which approximately 96,400 square feet is expected to be delivered by the lessor in the fourth quarter of 2019 and approximately 8,600 square feet is expected to be delivered by the lessor by May 2020. An additional approximately 22,300 square feet is expected to be delivered by the lessor by October 2024. Pieris GmbH has a first right of refusal to lease an additional approximate 13,400 square feet. Pieris GmbH intends to move its operations currently conducted in Freising, Germany to the new leased property.

The Lease Agreement provides for an initial term of 150 months, commencing on the date the lessor first delivers the leased property to Pieris GmbH as agreed under the lease agreement. Pieris GmbH also has an option to extend the term of the Lease Agreement for two additional 60-month periods. Pieris GmbH may sublease space within the leased property with lessor’s consent, which may not be unreasonably withheld.

Monthly base rent for the initial 105,000 square feet of the leased property, including parking spaces, will total approximately $0.2 million per month, which amount shall be adjusted starting on the second anniversary of the commencement date by an amount equal to the German consumer price index. In addition to the base rent, Pieris GmbH is also responsible for certain administrative and operational costs in accordance with the terms of the Lease Agreement. Pieris GmbH provided a security deposit of $0.8 million as of December 31, 2018. The Company will serve as a guarantor for the Lease Agreement.

The Halbergmoos lease included $11.7 million of tenant improvements allowance for normal tenant improvements, for which construction began in March 2019. The date of the construction coincided with the lease commencement date for accounting purposes under FASB ASC 840, Leases. The Company recorded straight-line rent expense of $0.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and a deferred rent liability of $12.3 million, inclusive of a tenant improvement allowance of $11.7 million which the Company is amortizing as a reduction of rent expense over the lease term.  As of June 30, 2019, the entire deferred rent liability was classified as non-current deferred rent on the consolidated balance sheet.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The interim financial statements and this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018, and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, both of which are contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 18, 2019. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including but not limited to those set forth under the caption “Risk Factors” in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless the context indicates or otherwise requires, “our Company”, “the Company”, “Pieris”, “we”, “us” and “our” refer to Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Nevada corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries.

We have registered trademarks for Pieris, Anticalin and others. All other trademarks, trade names and service marks included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective owners. Tecentriq® (atezolizumab) is a registered trademark of Genentech, a member of the Roche Group. Use or display by us of other parties’ trademarks, trade dress or products is not intended to and does not imply a relationship with, or endorsements or sponsorship of, us by the trademark or trade dress owner.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage biotechnology company that discovers and develops Anticalin-based drugs to target validated disease pathways in unique and transformative ways. Our clinical pipeline includes an inhaled IL-4Rα antagonist Anticalin protein to treat uncontrolled asthma, an immuno-oncology (IO) bispecific targeting HER2 and 4-1BB and a half-life optimized hepcidin-antagonizing Anticalin protein to treat anemia. Proprietary to us, Anticalin proteins are a novel class of therapeutics validated in the clinic and through partnerships with leading pharmaceutical companies. Our development programs include:

• PRS-060, our lead respiratory program partnered with AstraZeneca, is a drug candidate that antagonizes IL-4Rα, thereby inhibiting IL-4 and IL-13, two cytokines known to be key mediators in the inflammatory cascade that drive the pathogenesis of asthma and other inflammatory diseases.

• We are developing additional respiratory drug candidates beyond PRS-060, within and outside of the AstraZeneca alliance. The AstraZeneca alliance includes four programs beyond PRS-060. We retain co-development and co-commercialization rights to two out of those four programs. We initiated an additional discovery-stage respiratory program in our alliance with AstraZeneca, bringing the total number of active programs to four; AstraZeneca may initiate one additional program within the alliance. We also initiated an additional proprietary respiratory discovery-stage program and continue to advance the two proprietary discovery-stage programs initiated last year

• PRS-343, our lead IO program, is a fusion protein comprising a HER2-targeting antibody genetically linked to 4-1BB-targeting Anticalin proteins. PRS-343 is designed to drive tumor localized T-cell activation through tumor-targeted drug clustering mediated by HER2 expressed on tumor cells. This program was the first bispecific T-cell costimulatory agonist to enter clinical development.

• We are also developing additional IO drug candidates that are multispecific Anticalin-based fusion proteins designed to engage immunomodulatory targets, comprising a variety of multifunctional biotherapeutics, including PRS-344, a bispecific antibody-Anticalin fusion protein comprising an PD-L1-targeting antibody genetically fused to Anticalin proteins specific for 4-1BB. PRS-344 is being developed as part of our IO collaboration with Servier.

• PRS-080 is an Anticalin protein that binds to hepcidin, a natural regulator of iron in the blood. PRS-080 is designed to target hepcidin for the treatment of functional iron deficiency in anemic patients with chronic kidney disease, or CKD, particularly in end-stage renal disease patients requiring dialysis.

Our programs are in varying stages:

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• PRS-060 was tested in a nebulized formulation in 54 healthy volunteers at nominal dose levels ranging from 0.25 mg to 400 mg in a phase 1 single ascending dose, or SAD, study; the drug candidate was safe and well-tolerated in the volunteers in that study. We continue the ongoing multiple ascending dose, or MAD, phase 1 study of a nebulized formulation of PRS-060 versus placebo in mild asthmatics. The MAD study is evaluating safety and tolerability as well as exhaled nitric oxide, an inflammatory marker of allergic asthma. Data from the PRS-060 phase 1 SAD study was presented at the American Thoracic Society International Conference in May 2019 showing that (i) PRS-060 was well tolerated when given as a single inhaled or intravenous doses to healthy volunteers; (ii) there was systemic target engagement (as measured by pSTAT6 inhibition) that will be compared with local lung target engagement (as measured by reduction in FeNO) from the ongoing phase 1 MAD study; and (iii) the overall profile of PRS-060 in the phase 1 SAD study supports its further development as an inhaled drug for the treatment of asthma. We are presenting data from the PRS-060 phase 1 MAD study at the 2019 European Respiratory Society International Congress on October 1, 2019 in a presentation titled “Multiple ascending dose study of an inhaled IL-4Ra antagonist, AZD1402/PRS-060, in mild asthmatics demonstrates robust FeNO reduction and a promising clinical profile for the treatment of asthma”. PRS-060 is the lead drug candidate in Pieris’ respiratory collaboration with AstraZeneca. We are sponsoring the phase 1 studies and AstraZeneca is funding the costs. AstraZeneca will conduct and fund the phase 2a study, after which we will have separate options to co-develop and co-commercialize the drug candidate in the United States. Certain statements with respect to the PRS-060 program, including the title of the upcoming presentation at the European Respiratory Society International Congress, are “forward-looking statements”. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, any one or more of which, including those risk factors set forth in the Company’s public filings (including those set forth under the section heading “Risks Related to the Discovery and Development of our Drug Candidates”), could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in such statements. These statements are based on management’s current information and expectations. Actual events or results, including the full presentation expected to occur at the European Respiratory Society International Congress and the results or timing of any future PRS-060 study, may differ materially from those contained in these statements. The Company cannot guarantee that it actually will achieve the results, plans, intentions, expectations or guidance disclosed in these statements. Such statements only speak as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the Company disclaims any obligation to update information contained in these statements.

• Our other partnered and proprietary respiratory programs are in the discovery stage; the targets and disease areas of these programs are undisclosed.

• We continue to enroll and treat patients in a phase 1 dose-escalation study of PRS-343 and intend to report comprehensive data from the study at a medical meeting later this year, including safety, tolerability, PK data, PD data assessing tumor localized drug effects such as CD8+ expansion, and clinical response data.We also continue to enroll the dose-escalation phase 1 study of PRS-343 in combination with atezolizumab and intend to report data from the study at a medical meeting later this year.

• For our other IO drug candidates and programs, we are conducting activities relating to candidate identification, optimization and preclinical evaluation. We achieved two preclinical milestones in connection with the PRS-344 program, one in December 2018 and another in February 2019, triggering two milestone payments from Servier, and intend to file an IND for the drug candidate in the second half of 2019. We also executed our option to opt-into co-development and United States commercialization of PRS-344 during the first quarter of 2019.

• We completed dosing for the phase 2a study of PRS-080 in anemic, hemodialysis-dependent CKD patients in 2018 and data from that study was presented at the 24th European Hematology Association Congress on June 16, 2019 showing that: (i) PRS-080 was safe and well tolerated at both 4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg treatment dose levels; (ii) no treatment-related adverse events (AEs) or serious adverse events (SAEs) were observed in the study; (iii) PRS-080 therapy yielded robust iron mobilization with increases in both serum iron and TSAT; (iv) peak iron concentrations were higher in the 8 mg/kg treatment group; (v) while there was no clear difference in hemoglobin (Hb) values between placebo and PRS-080 in 4 mg/kg treatment group over the course of treatment, preliminary evidence of Hb response with separation of Hb values between placebo and PRS-080 was shown in the 8 mg/kg treatment group during the treatment period. We plan to share final data from the phase 2a study with ASKA, at which point ASKA will decide whether to exercise its option to develop and commercialize PRS-080 in Japan and other Asian territories. Additionally, we plan to share the dataset with other parties for potential partnerships outside of the ASKA territories.

Our core Anticalin technology and platform were developed in Germany and we have collaborations with major multi-national pharmaceutical companies. In particular, we have an alliance with AstraZeneca to treat respiratory diseases and partnerships with Servier and Seattle Genetics, both in IO.

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Since inception, we have devoted nearly all of our efforts and resources to our research and development activities and have incurred significant net losses. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we reported a net loss of $11.8 million and $22.1 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, we reported a net loss of $0.2 million and $8.9 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $170.8 million. We expect to continue incurring substantial losses for the next several years as we continue to develop our clinical and preclinical drug candidates and programs. Our operating expenses are comprised of research and development expenses and general and administrative expenses.

We have not generated any revenues from product sales to date and we do not expect to generate revenues from product sales for the foreseeable future. Our revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were from license and collaboration agreements with our partners.

A significant portion of our operations are conducted in countries other than the United States. Since we conduct our business in U.S. dollars, our main exposure, if any, results from changes in the exchange rates between the euro and the U.S. dollar. At each period end, we remeasure assets and liabilities to the functional currency of that entity (for example, U.S. dollar payables recorded by Pieris Pharmaceuticals GmbH). Remeasurement gains and losses are recorded in the statement of operations line item "Other income (expense), net". All assets and liabilities denominated in euros are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the weighted average rate during the period. Equity transactions are translated using historical exchange rates. All adjustments resulting from translating foreign currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Key Financial Terms and Metrics

The following discussion summarizes the key factors our management believes are necessary for an understanding of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenues

We have not generated any revenues from product sales to date and we do not expect to generate revenues from product sales for the foreseeable future. Our revenues for the last two years have been primarily from the license and collaboration agreements with AstraZeneca, Servier and Seattle Genetics.

The revenues from AstraZeneca, Servier and Seattle Genetics have been comprised primarily of upfront payments, research and development services and milestone payments. For additional information about our revenue recognition policy, see “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”.

Research and Development Expenses

The process of researching and developing drugs for human use is lengthy, unpredictable and subject to many risks. We expect to continue incurring substantial expenses for the next several years as we continue to develop our clinical and preclinical drug candidates and programs. We are unable, with any certainty, to estimate either the costs or the timelines in which those expenses will be incurred. Our current development plans focus on the following activities: Our lead respiratory program, PRS-060 and our other respiratory programs, our IO programs, currently comprised of PRS-343 as well as multiple additional proprietary and partnered programs, including PRS-344. These programs consume a large proportion of our current, as well as projected, resources.

Our research and development costs include costs that are directly attributable to the creation of certain of our Anticalin drug candidates and are comprised of:

• internal recurring costs, such as personnel-related costs (salaries, employee benefits, equity compensation and other costs), materials and supplies, facilities and maintenance costs; and

• fees paid to external parties who provide us with contract services, such as preclinical testing, manufacturing and related testing and clinical trial activities.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, employee benefits, equity compensation and other personnel-related costs associated with executive, administrative and other support staff. Other significant general and administrative

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expenses include the costs associated with professional fees for accounting, auditing, insurance costs, consulting and legal services.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018

The following table sets forth our revenues and operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30						Six Months Ended June 30
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenues	$	5,332		$	11,691		$	13,877		$	15,843
Research and development expenses	13,373			9,155			27,669			17,091
General and administrative expenses	4,189			4,779			9,121			9,131
Total operating expenses	17,562			13,934			36,790			26,222
Interest income	449			662			955			987
Other income (expense), net	23			1,230			(148		)	327
Loss before income taxes	(11,758		)	(351		)	(22,106		)	(9,065		)
Provision for income tax	—			(148		)	—			(148		)
Net loss	$	(11,758	)	$	(203	)	$	(22,106	)	$	(8,917	)

Revenues

The following table provides a comparison of revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30
	2019		2018		Increase/(Decrease)
Revenue from contracts with customers	$	4,934	$	11,224	$	(6,290	)
Collaboration revenue (ASC 808)	398		467		(69		)
Total Revenue	$	5,332	$	11,691	$	(6,359	)

• The $6.3 million decrease in revenue from contracts with customers in the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018 partially relates to Roche revenue recorded in the prior period of $1.5 million due to the recognition of the remaining portion of the upfront payment under this collaboration upon the agreement termination. In addition, level of activities with respect to our collaboration agreements with both Seattle Genetics and AstraZeneca have also decreased.

• The $0.1 million decrease in collaboration revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018 relates to slightly lower research and development activities under our collaboration with Servier.

The following table provides a comparison of revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

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	Six Months Ended June 30
	2019		2018		Increase/(Decrease)
Revenue from contract with customers	$	12,468	$	14,668	$	(2,200	)
Collaboration revenue (ASC 808)	1,409		1,084		325
Other	—		91		(91		)
Total Revenue	$	13,877	$	15,843	$	(1,966	)

• The $2.2 million decrease in revenues from license fees in the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018 primarily relates to Roche revenue recorded in the prior period of $1.5 million due to the recognition of the remaining portion of the upfront payment under this collaboration upon the agreement termination. In addition, level of activities with respect to our collaboration agreement with Seattle Genetics and AstraZeneca have also decreased to a lesser extent..

• The $0.3 million increase in collaboration revenues in the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018 relates to increased research and development activities under our collaboration with Servier.

Research and Development Expenses

The following table provides a comparison of the research and development expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30
	2019		2018		Increase/(Decrease)
Respiratory	$	2,694	$	1,999	$	695
Immuno-oncology	4,074		2,558		1,516
Anemia	97		433		(336		)
Other R&D activities	6,508		4,165		2,343
Total	$	13,373	$	9,155	$	4,218

• The $0.7 million increase for our respiratory programs period-over-period is due primarily to increases to our ongoing CMC costs incurred for phase 2a readiness for PRS-060 offset by lower clinical costs as the phase 1 SAD study was completed earlier in 2019. We also incurred higher pre-clinical and lab supply expenses as we initiated and we are working on more proprietary and partnered respiratory programs in 2019 compared to 2018;

• The $1.5 million increase in our immuno-oncology program spending period-over-period is due primarily to an increase in clinical trials costs incurred for PRS-343 and drug product manufacturing for both PRS-343 and PRS-344, all offset by lower spending on other IO programs on a period-over-period basis;

• The $0.3 million decrease for our anemia program, PRS-080, period-over-period is mainly due to lower clinical costs as the phase 2a study winds down; and

• The $2.3 million increase in other research and development activities expenses is mainly due to higher personnel expenses, including bonus and stock compensation, due to an overall increase in headcount, an increase in recruiting and professional services costs, and an increase in allocated facility costs due to higher non-cash rent charges for the new Halbergmoos facility that is being prepared for occupancy.

The following table provides a comparison of the research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

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	Six Months Ended June 30
	2019		2018		Increase/(Decrease)
Respiratory	$	5,927	$	3,301	$	2,626
Immuno-oncology	9,848		4,564		5,284
Anemia	222		1,304		(1,082		)
Other R&D activities	11,672		7,922		3,750
Total	$	27,669	$	17,091	$	10,578

• The $2.6 million increase for our respiratory programs period-over-period is due primarily to increases to our ongoing CMC costs incurred for phase 2a readiness for PRS-060 offset by slightly lower clinical costs as the phase 1 SAD study was completed earlier in 2019. We also incurred higher pre-clinical and lab supply expenses as we initiated and we working on more proprietary and partnered respiratory programs in 2019 compared to 2018;

• The $5.3 million increase in our immuno-oncology program spending period-over-period is due primarily to an increase in clinical trials costs incurred for PRS-343 and drug product manufacturing for PRS-343, PRS-344 and other proprietary programs;

• The $1.1 million decrease for our anemia program, PRS-080, period-over-period is mainly due to lower clinical costs as the phase 2a study winds down; and

• The $3.8 million increase in other research and development activities expenses is mainly due to higher personnel expenses, including bonus and stock compensation, due to an overall increase in headcount, an increase in recruiting costs, and an increase in allocated facility costs due to higher non-cash rent charges for the new Halbergmoos facility that is being prepared for occupancy.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses were $4.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to $4.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The period-over-period decrease is due to lower audit and tax expense and professional services expense.

General and administrative expenses were $9.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 ad six months ended June 30, 2018. There were no significant fluctuations in expense on a period over period basis.

Non-operating income (expense), net

Our non-operating income was $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. This decrease is due to lower interest income as a result of lower invested amounts and a weakening of the U.S. dollar against the euro, including foreign currency remeasurement of monetary assets, primarily U.S. dollar cash and investment balances in Germany.

Our non-operating income was $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to $1.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. This decrease is due to a weakening of the U.S. dollar against the euro, offset slightly by a higher yield on the lower amounts invested.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Through June 30, 2019, we have funded our operations primarily through private and public sales of equity, payments received under our license and collaboration agreements (including research and development services costs, upfront and milestone payments), government grants and loans.

As of June 30, 2019, we had a total of $99.7 million in cash, cash equivalents and investments. We have incurred losses in every period since inception including the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and have a total accumulated deficit of $170.8 million as of June 30, 2019.

We have several research and development programs underway in varying stages of development and we expect they will continue to require increasing amounts of cash for development, conducting clinical trials and testing and manufacturing of product material. We expect cash necessary to fund operations will increase significantly over the next several years as we

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continue to conduct these activities necessary to pursue governmental regulatory approval of clinical-stage programs and our other product candidates.

The following table provides a summary of operating, investing and financing cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 respectively (in thousands):

	Six Months Ended June 30
	2019		2018
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(25,841	)	22,351
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	7,596		(57,056	)
Net cash provided by financing activities	280		48,228

There was a $48.2 million change in net cash from operating activities, as the net cash used in operating activities was $25.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $22.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The change is primarily driven by lower accounts receivable and higher deferred revenue as a result of upfront payments from Seattle Genetics and milestone payments from AstraZeneca, which totaled $37.1 million, offset slightly by other working capital changes during the six months ended June 30, 2019. Additionally, there was an $13.2 million increase in the net loss in 2019 compared to 2018.

The change in net cash due to investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 is mainly attributable to more investment maturities than investment purchases in the current year compared to 2018.

Financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 were $0.3 million due to exercises of options and warrants and proceeds from the employee stock purchase plan. This is compared to $47.2 million in proceeds due to the issuance of common stock under our 2018 Offering along with $1.0 million of proceeds from the exercise of warrants and stock options for the six months ended June 30, 2018.

On August 9, 2019, subsequent to our quarter end, we entered into an Open Market Sale Agreement^SM (the “Sale Agreement”) with Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”) pursuant to which we may offer and sell shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), having aggregate gross sales proceeds of $50.0 million (the “Shares”), from time to time, through an “at the market offering” program under which Jefferies will act as sales agent. To date, we have not sold any Shares under the Sales Agreement. See Part II, Item 5 “Other Information” for additional information regarding the sale of the Shares.

We expect that our existing cash, cash equivalents and investments will enable us to fund our operational and capital expenditure requirements for at least twelve months from the issuance date of these financial statements. Any requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including the following:

• the scope, rate of progress, results and cost of our clinical studies, preclinical testing and other related activities;

• the cost of manufacturing clinical supplies and establishing commercial supplies of our drug candidates and any products that we may develop;

• the number and characteristics of drug candidates that we pursue;

• the cost, timing and outcomes of regulatory approvals;

• the cost and timing of establishing sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;

• the terms and timing of any collaborative, licensing and other arrangements that we may establish;

• the timing, receipt and amount of sales, profit sharing or royalties, if any, from our potential products;

• the cost of preparing, filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights; and

• the extent to which we acquire or invest in businesses, products or technologies, although we currently have no commitments or agreements relating to any of these types of transactions.

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Due to the often-volatile nature of the financial markets, equity and debt financing(s) may be difficult to obtain. In addition, any unfavorable development or delay in the progress of our core clinical-stage programs including PRS-060 and PRS-343 could have a material adverse impact on our ability to raise additional capital.

We may seek to raise any necessary additional capital through a combination of private or public equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances, licensing arrangements and other marketing and distribution arrangements. To the extent that we raise additional capital through marketing and distribution arrangements or other collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our drug candidates, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or to grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we raise additional capital through private or public equity offerings, the ownership interest of our existing stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect our stockholders’ rights. If we raise additional capital through debt financing, we may be subject to covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined under applicable SEC rules.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Refer to Part II, Item 7, "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended on December 31, 2018 for a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates. There has been one material change to the critical accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2019. This change is related to revenue recognition and is described in “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”.

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We believe that several accounting policies are important to understanding our historical and future performance. We refer to these policies as critical because these specific areas generally require us to make judgments and estimates about matters that are uncertain at the time we make the estimate, and different estimates—which also would have been reasonable—could have been used. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those described in greater detail below. We base our estimates on historical experience and other market-specific or other relevant assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe that our most critical accounting policies are those relating to revenue recognition, contingencies, research and development expense and income taxes, and there have been significant changes to our revenue recognition, multiple-element and milestone accounting policies discussed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended on December 31, 2018.  Please refer to “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for the updated revenue recognition policy that encompasses the changes to the historical revenue recognition, multiple-element and milestone accounting policies.  

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

We review new accounting standards to determine the expected financial impact, if any, that the adoption of each standard will have. For the recently issued accounting standards that we believe may have an impact on our consolidated financial statements, see “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our consolidated financial statements.

Emerging Growth Company and Smaller Reporting Company Status

The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 establishes a class of company called an “emerging growth company,” which generally is a company whose initial public offering was completed after December 8, 2011 and had total annual gross revenues of less than $1.07 billion during its most recently completed fiscal year. Additionally, Section 12b-2 of the Exchange Act establishes a class of company called a “smaller reporting company” which, effective September 10, 2018, was amended to include companies with a public float of less than $250 million as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter or, if such public float is less than $700 million, had annual revenues of less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year for which audited financial statements are available. Currently, we qualify as both an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company.

As an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company, we are eligible and have taken advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are not available to public reporting companies that do not qualify for those classifications, including, but not limited to, the following:

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• Any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and financial statements, commonly known as an “auditor discussion and analysis.”

• A requirement to hold a non-binding advisory stockholder vote on executive compensation or any golden parachute payments not previously approved by stockholders.

• A requirement to comply with the requirement of auditor attestation of management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting, which is required for other public reporting companies by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended.

• An opportunity for reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic and annual reports, including without limitation exemption from the requirement to provide a compensation discussion and analysis describing compensation practices and procedures.

• An opportunity for reduced financial statement disclosure in registration statements, which must include two years of audited financial statements rather than the three years of audited financial statements that are required for other public reporting companies.

Emerging growth companies may elect to take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Our financial statements may therefore not be comparable to those of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company and/or a smaller reporting company, we expect that we will take advantage of the reduced disclosure obligations available to us as a result of those respective classifications. We expect that we will no longer qualify as an emerging growth company on December 31, 2019 as this is the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of our common stock pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required under this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

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Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.  The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.  Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, based on such evaluation, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of June 30, 2019 as a result of the previously reported material weakness discussed below.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal controls over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim consolidated financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

In connection with the preparation of our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, we concluded that we had a material weakness relating to our income tax provision process, including the evaluation of any changes resulting from the recently enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the TCJA. The material weakness created a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidated financial statements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness did not result in any misstatement or correction in the provision for income taxes prior to the issuance of the 2018 consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

Management has undertaken a remediation plan to address the control deficiency that led to the material weakness. The remediation plan includes enhancing our tax provision process, including the ongoing impact from the TCJA. We may also retain additional expert assistance, as needed, in the preparation and review of our tax provision.

Notwithstanding this material weakness, management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has concluded that the financial statements and other financial information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, fairly present in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows as of, and for, the periods presented.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation of such internal control required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) under the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting other than the remediation efforts described above.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we are not party to and our property is not subject to any material pending legal proceedings. However, from time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings or subject to claims that arise in the ordinary course of our business activities. Regardless of the outcome, such legal proceedings or claims could have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

On August 9, 2019, we entered into the Sale Agreement with Jefferies pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell our Common Stock having aggregate gross sales proceeds of $50.0 million (the “Shares”), from time to time, through an “at the market offering” program under which Jefferies will act as sales agent. The shares of Common Stock that may be sold pursuant to the Sale Agreement will be issued pursuant to our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-226725) (the “Registration Statement”), as supplemented by the prospectus supplement dated August 9, 2019 relating to the sale of the Shares (the “Prospectus Supplement”).

Under the Sale Agreement, we will set the parameters for the sale of Shares, including the number of Shares to be issued, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, limitations on the number of Shares that may be sold in any one trading day and any minimum price below which sales may not be made. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Sale Agreement, Jefferies may sell the Shares by methods deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act including sales made directly on or through the Nasdaq Capital Market or any other existing trading market for the Common Stock. We have agreed to pay Jefferies a commission of 3.0% of the gross sales proceeds of any Shares sold through Jefferies under the Sale Agreement, and also have provided Jefferies with customary indemnification and contribution rights. The Sale Agreement may be terminated at any time by either party upon prior written notice to the other party.

The representations and warranties contained in the Sale Agreement were made only for purposes of the transactions contemplated by the Sale Agreement as of specific dates and may have been qualified by certain disclosures between the parties and a contractual standard of materiality different from those generally applicable under securities laws, among other limitations. The representations and warranties were made for purposes of allocating contractual risk between the parties to the Sale Agreement and should not be relied upon as a disclosure of factual information relating to us, Jefferies or the transactions described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The foregoing description of the material terms of the Sale Agreement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full agreement, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 10.1 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and is incorporated herein by reference.

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Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP, counsel to us, has issued a legal opinion relating to the Shares.  A copy of such legal opinion, including the consent included therein, is attached as Exhibit 5.1 hereto.

The Shares will be sold pursuant to the Registration Statement, and offerings of the Shares will be made only by means of the Prospectus Supplement. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of any offer to buy the securities discussed herein, nor shall there be any offer, solicitation or sale of the securities in any state in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state.

Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description		Incorporated by Reference herein from Form or Schedule	Filing Date	SEC File / Registration Number
5.1	Opinion of Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP	*
10.1	Open Market Sale Agreement, dated as of August 9, 2019, by and between Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Jefferies LLC.	*
10.2	Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy.	*
10.29.1	Subtenant Recognition and Attornment Agreement, by and among Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 225 State Street, LLC, and Berenberg Capital Markets LLC, dated as of May 31, 2019	*
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 12a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	*
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer Pursuant to Rules 12a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	*
32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	**
32.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	**
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document	*
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	*

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Exhibit Number		Exhibit Description		Incorporated by Reference herein from Form or Schedule	Filing Date	SEC File / Registration Number
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	*
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	*
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document	*
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	*
*	Filed herewith.
**	The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 and Exhibit 32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Quarterly Report and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	PIERIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
August 9, 2019	By:	/s/ Stephen S. Yoder
		Stephen S. Yoder
		Chief Executive Officer and President
		(Principal Executive Officer)
August 9, 2019	By:	/s/ Allan Reine
		Allan Reine
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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