| Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Accounting and Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared on the accrual basis. Until November 27, 2015, the consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and its VIE for which it was deemed the primary beneficiary. On November 27, 2015, the VIE structure was terminated upon Shenzhen Winha exercising its option to purchase all of the registered equity of Zhongshan Winha. Shenzhen Winha became the sole owner of Zhongshan Winha. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. All consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars (US Dollar or US$ or $). Most of the accompanying notes to these financial statements relate to the operations of Australia Winha and subsidiaries for the period through January 3, 2017, when the reduction of the Company's interest in Australian Winha below 50% required the deconsolidation of Australian Winha from the Company's financial statements. Deconsolidation of Australian Winha and Equity Method on Investment On January 4, 2017, the Companys 60% owned subsidiary, Australian Winha issued 24,271,191 ordinary shares in connection with its public offering in Australia. After the offering, the Companys 60% ownership of Australian Winha was diluted to 44.87%. In our financial statements, we consolidated Australian Winha until January 3, 2017. Since January 4, 2017, Winha International accounts for its investment in Australian Winha as an equity method investment. Winha International recognized a $4,431,367 loss associated with the deconsolidation. As of January 3, 2017, Australian Winha represented total assets of $39,611,043 and total liabilities of $10,322,431. For the 2017 period prior to the deconsolidation, Australian Winha earned revenues $45,470,149, net income attributable to Winha International totaled $7,215,770, cash inflow from operating activities totaled $1,208,793, cash outflow from investing activities totaled $10,344,526, and cash inflow from financing activities totaled $2,275,946. Foreign Currency Translation Almost all Company assets and operations are located in the PRC. The functional currency for the majority of the Companys operations is the Renminbi (RMB). For Winha International Investment Holdings Company, the functional currency for the majority of its operations is the Hong Kong Dollar (HKD). For Australian Winha, the functional currency is the Australian Dollar (AUD). The Company uses the United States Dollar (US Dollar or US$ or $) for financial reporting purposes. The financial statements of the Company have been translated into US dollars in accordance with FASB ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters. All asset and liability accounts have been translated using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Equity accounts have been translated at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred. Statements of operations, changes in stockholders equity and cash flow amounts have been translated using the average exchange rate for the periods presented. Adjustments resulting from the translation of the Companys financial statements are recorded as other comprehensive income (loss). The exchange rates used to translate amounts in RMB into US dollars for the purposes of preparing the financial statements are as follows: March 31, 2017 March 31, 2016 Balance sheet items, except for stockholders equity, as of period end N/A $ 0.1550 Year Ended March 31, 2017 Year Ended March 31, 2016 Amounts included in the statements of operations, statements of changes in stockholders equity and statements of cash flows $ 0.1486 $ 0.1579 The exchange rates used to translate amounts in AUD into US dollars for the purposes of preparing the consolidated financial statements are as follows: March 31, 2017 March 31, 2016 Balance sheet items, except for stockholders equity, as of period end $ 0.7644 $ 0.7668 Year Ended March 31, 2017 Year Ended March 31, 2016 Amounts included in the statements of operations, statements of changes in stockholders equity and statements of cash flows $ 0.7532 $ 0.7361 For the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, foreign currency translation adjustments of $(1,497,395) and $(414,183), respectively, have been reported as other comprehensive (loss). Pursuant to ASC 740-30-25-17, Exceptions to Comprehensive Recognition of Deferred Income Taxes, Although government regulations in China now allow convertibility of the RMB for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain. Hence, such translations should not be construed as representations that the RMB could be converted into US dollars at that rate or any other rate. The value of the RMB against the US dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in the PRCs political and economic conditions. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially affect the Companys financial condition in terms of US dollar reporting. The PRC has devalued the RMB by approximately 1% subsequent to March 31, 2017. Further devaluations could occur in the future. Vulnerability Due to Operations in PRC The Companys operations may be adversely affected by significant political, economic and social uncertainties in the PRC. Although the PRC government has been pursuing economic reform policies for more than twenty years, no assurance can be given that the PRC government will continue to pursue such policies or that such policies may not be significantly altered, especially in the event of a change in leadership, social or political disruption or unforeseen circumstances affecting the PRCs political, economic and social conditions. There is also no guarantee that the PRC governments pursuit of economic reforms will be consistent, effective or continue. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Prepaid Expenses Prepaid expenses as of March 31, 2016 mainly represent the prepayments of approximately $174,000174,010 for prepaid decoration expenses of the Company's new stores. Advances from Customers Advances from customers represents prepaid cards purchased by customers at our retail locations. Advances from customers was $769,814 as of March 31, 2016. These cards are no longer being issued. Write Off Deferred Registration Costs The deferred registration costs are related to Australian Winhas first IPO attempt. As the first attempt was denied by the ASX, all costs of $153,844 had been write off as of March 31, 2017 and included in other expenses. Website Development Costs The Company accounts for website development costs in accordance with ASC 350-50, "Accounting for Website Development Costs", wherein website development costs are segregated into three activities: 1. Initial stage (planning), whereby the related costs are expensed. 2. Development stage (web application, infrastructure, graphics), whereby the related costs are capitalized and amortized once the website is ready for use. Costs for development content of the website may be expensed or capitalized depending on the circumstances of the expenditures. 3. Operating stage, whereby the related costs are expensed as incurred. Upgrades are usually expensed, unless they add additional functionality. The Company had a website and ongoing website development costs of $45,676 as of March 31, 2016. The Company wrote off the net book value of website and development costs of $34,140 due to the discontinuance of the website during the year ended March 31, 2017. Amortization expense was $2,360 and $790 for the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Revenue Recognition The Companys revenue recognition policies comply with FASB ASC 605 Revenue Recognition. The Company recognizes product revenue when the following fundamental criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred, (iii) the price paid by the customer is fixed or determinable and (iv) collection of the resulting accounts receivable is reasonably assured. The Company recognizes revenue from the following channels: a) Retail stores - The Company recognizes sales revenue from its retail stores, net of sales taxes and estimated sales returns at the time it sells merchandise to the customer. Customer purchases of shopping cards are not recognized as revenue until the card is redeemed when the customer purchases merchandise by using the shopping card. When the current fiscal year began, the Company had operated seven retail stores. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company assigned the operation of six of its retail stores in Sanshui, Shunde, Chancheng, Xiaolan, Dongguan and Guangzhou to six independent individuals. Revenues are derived from the sale of food products to these six stores and one store that the Company operates. The Company recognizes revenue for product sales upon transfer of title to the six stores. Purchase orders and/or contracts are generally used to determine the existence of an arrangement. Shipping documents and the completion of any store acceptance requirements, when applicable, are used to verify product delivery. The Company assesses whether a price is fixed or determinable based upon the payment terms associated with the transaction and whether the sales price is subject to refund or adjustment During the year ended March 31, 2017, wholesale revenue of $4,965,320 was generated from these six stores. b) Custom-made sales - The target customers are commercial customers who can order online or in the Companys local stores and make full payment on site. All orders are forwarded to Zhongshan Winha immediately, which arranges the delivery. Revenue from the sale of products is recognized upon delivery to customers provided that there are no uncertainties regarding customer acceptance, there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, and the sales price is fixed and determinable. Revenue generated from custom-made sales was $29,713,348 and $29,943,950, respectively, for years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. c) Franchise and management fees During the three months ended September 30, 2015, the Company commenced franchising the use of the Company's trademark, name identification and other business resources. The franchisee is required to pay franchise fees and management fees to Zhongshan Winha. Franchise fee revenue from franchise sales is recognized only when all material services or conditions relating to the sale have been substantially performed or satisfied by the Company. The franchise and management fees recognized by the Company were $4,322,366 and $3,055,692 for the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and are included in revenue. Zhongshan Winha grants certain commercial customers limited rights to return products and provides price protection for inventories held by resellers at the time of published price reductions. Zhongshan Winha establishes an estimated allowance for future product returns based upon historical return experience when the related revenue is recorded and provides for appropriate price protection reserves when pricing adjustments are approved. Zhongshan Winhas return policy allows customers to return their merchandise in the original box and/or packaging within 7 days of purchase. The Company has not experienced material returns or price adjustments Fair Value of Financial Instruments FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, Level 1 Inputs Unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets and liabilities in an active market that the Company has the ability to access. Level 2 Inputs Inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly. Level 3 Inputs Inputs based on prices or valuation techniques that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurements. ASC 820 requires the use of observable market data, when available, in making fair value measurements. When inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. As of March 31, 2017 and 2016, none of the Companys assets and liabilities were required to be reported at fair value on a recurring basis. Carrying values of non-derivative financial instruments, including accounts payable, accrued expenses and loan from stockholder approximate their fair values due to the short term nature of these financial instruments. There were no changes in methods or assumptions during the periods presented. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all demand and time deposits and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable is stated at cost, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, if required. Receivables outstanding longer than the payment terms are considered past due. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses when necessary resulting from the failure of customers to make required payments. The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes allowances where there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customers payment history, its current credit-worthiness and current economic trends. The Company considers all accounts receivable at March 31, 2016 to be fully collectible and, therefore, did not provide an allowance for doubtful accounts. For the periods presented, the Company did not write off any accounts receivable as bad debts. Inventories Inventories, comprised of merchandise and food products, are stated at the lower of cost or market. The value of inventory is determined using the weighted average cost method. The Company estimates an inventory allowance for excess or unusable inventories. Inventory is reported net of such allowances, if any. There was no allowance for excess or unusable inventories as of March 31, 2016. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Cost includes the price paid to acquire the asset, and any expenditure that substantially increases the assets value or extends the useful life of an existing asset. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Major repairs and betterments that significantly extend original useful lives or improve productivity are capitalized and depreciated over the periods benefited. Maintenance and repairs are generally expensed as incurred. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company acquired various fruit orchards for $9,425,559. The fruit orchards grow 41 different kinds of fruits in various areas in China. The book value of the orchards includes costs related to saplings, fertilizer, pesticide, water, electricity, labor and land leasing. The planting costs are capitalized. In addition, the Company also capitalized $453,134 for ten greenhouses utilized in the process of growing vegetables. The estimated useful lives for property, plant and equipment categories are as follows: Furniture, fixtures and equipment 3 to 5 years Leasehold improvements Over the shorter of the remaining lease term or estimated useful life of the improvements. Motor vehicles 5 years Greenhouses 3 years Fruit orchards Not yet producing Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company follows FASB ASC 360, Accounting for the Impairment and Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes Under ASC 740, the Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position would be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. ASC 740 also provides guidance on the de-recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, and accounting for interest and penalties associated with these tax positions. As of March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not record any liabilities for unrecognized income tax benefits. The earnings of equity investment will be indefinitely reinvested and, accordingly, no deferred taxes will be calculated. The income tax laws of various jurisdictions in which the Company and its subsidiaries operate are summarized as follows: United States The Company is subject to United States tax at graduated rates from 15% to 35%. No provision for income tax in the United States has been made as the Company had no U.S. taxable income for the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. Anguilla Sanmei International Investment Co, Ltd is incorporated in Anguilla and is governed by the income tax laws of Anguilla. According to current Anguilla income tax law, the applicable income tax rate for the Company is 0%. Australia Winha Commerce and Trade Limited is incorporated in Australia. Pursuant to the income tax laws of Australia, the Company is not subject to tax on non-Australian source income. Cayman Islands C&V International Holdings Company Limited is incorporated in Cayman Islands and is governed by the income tax laws of the Cayman Islands. According to current Cayman Islands income tax law, the applicable income tax rate for the Company is 0%. Hong Kong Winha International Investment Holdings Company Limited is incorporated in Hong Kong. Pursuant to the income tax laws of Hong Kong, the Company is not subject to tax on non-Hong Kong source income. PRC Shenzhen Winha, Zhongshan Winha Electronic Commerce Company Limited together with Zhongshan Winha Catering Management Company Limited and Zhongshan Supermarket Limited are subject to an Enterprise Income Tax at 25% and each files its own tax return. Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share The Company computes net income (loss) per common share in accordance with FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share (ASC 260). Under the provisions of ASC 260, basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted income per common share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the effect of any potential dilutive shares outstanding during the period. There were no dilutive shares outstanding during the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. Accordingly, the number of weighted average shares outstanding as well as the amount of net income per share are the same for basic and diluted per share calculations for the period reflected in the accompanying consolidated statement of income and other comprehensive income. Statutory Reserve The Companys China-based subsidiaries and related entities are required to make appropriations of retained earnings for certain non-distributable reserve funds. Pursuant to the China Foreign Investment Enterprises laws, the Companys China-based subsidiaries, are required to make appropriations from their after-tax profit as determined under generally accepted accounting principles in the PRC (the after-tax-profit under PRC GAAP) to a general non-distributable reserve fund. Each year, at least 10% of each entities after-tax-profit under PRC GAAP is required to be set aside as a general reserve fund until the fund equals 50% of the registered capital of the applicable entity. The statutory reserve fund is restricted as to use and can only be used to offset against losses, expansion of production and operations and increasing registered capital of the respective company. The fund is not allowed to be transferred to the Company in terms of cash dividends, loans or advances, nor is it allowed for distribution except under liquidation. The required transfer to the statutory reserve fund was $329,937 and $245,390, respectively, for the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. |
