Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 4: Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Classes of loans at December 31, 2015 and 2014, include: 2015 2014 Real estate loans: Residential 1 – 4 family $ 45,402,431 $ 45,353,599 Commercial Real Estate 32,374,013 27,908,662 Construction and land development 1,975,842 1,523,281 Total real estate 79,752,286 74,785,542 Commercial and industrial 8,147,480 5,536,805 Warehouse line 10,000,000 — Consumer loans: Home equity loans and lines of credit 9,003,016 9,331,608 Other consumer loans 1,101,856 883,864 Total consumer 10,104,872 10,215,472 Gross loans 108,004,638 90,537,819 Net deferred loan costs (26,191 ) (17,057 ) Allowance for loan losses 1,075,374 1,075,351 Net loans $ 106,955,455 $ 89,479,525 Risk characteristics applicable to each segment of the loan portfolio are described as follows. Residential 1 – 4 Family, Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit and Other Consumer: Commercial Real Estate including Construction and Land: Commercial and Industrial: Warehouse Line: The following tables present by portfolio segment, the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the recorded investment in loans and impairment method as of December 31, 2015 and 2014: 2015 Residential Commercial Commercial Warehouse Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses Balance, beginning of period $ 222,618 $ 503,621 $ 248,388 $ — $ 100,724 $ 1,075,351 Provision (credit) for loan 101,517 59,817 (179,051 ) 60,787 21,930 65,000 Loans charged to the allowance (570 ) (62,015 ) — — (18,657 ) (81,242 ) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 13,665 2,600 — — — 16,265 Balance, end of year $ 337,230 $ 504,023 $ 69,337 $ 60,787 $ 103,997 $ 1,075,374 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 13,969 $ 302 $ — $ — $ 372 $ 14,643 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 323,261 $ 503,721 $ 69,337 $ 60,787 $ 103,625 $ 1,060,731 Loans: Ending balance $ 45,402,431 $ 34,349,855 $ 8,147,480 $ 10,000,000 $ 10,104,872 $ 108,004,638 Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,051,278 $ 315,658 $ — $ — $ 122,809 $ 2,489,745 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment $ 43,351,153 $ 34,034,197 $ 8,147,480 $ 10,000,000 $ 9,982,063 $ 105,514,893 2014 Residential Commercial Commercial Warehouse Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses Balance, beginning of period $ 188,325 $ 587,331 $ 138,268 $ — $ 147,217 $ 1,061,141 Provision (credit) for loan 58,217 (174,664 ) 110,120 — 6,327 — Loans charged to the allowance (27,134 ) — — — (73,220 ) (100,354 ) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 3,210 90,954 — — 20,400 114,564 Balance, end of year $ 222,618 $ 503,621 $ 248,388 $ — $ 100,724 $ 1,075,351 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 16,325 $ 644 $ — $ — $ 533 $ 17,502 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 206,293 $ 502,977 $ 248,388 $ — $ 100,191 $ 1,057,849 Loans: Ending balance $ 45,353,599 $ 29,431,943 $ 5,536,805 $ — $ 10,215,472 $ 90,537,819 Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,727,712 $ 1,356,103 $ — $ — $ 152,879 $ 4,236,694 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment $ 42,625,887 $ 28,075,840 $ 5,536,805 $ — $ 10,062,593 $ 86,301,125 Internal Risk Categories In adherence with policy, the Bank uses the following internal risk grading categories and definitions for loans: RISK RATING 1 — EXCELLENT General: The highest quality asset rating reflects superior, in-depth management, and superior financial flexibility. Conservative balance sheets are both strong and liquid, and historic cash flows (last five years) have provided exceptionally large and stable margins of protection. Specific: Financial statements are current, audited, of superior quality and in complete detail. Financial condition is superior and compares favorably to the industry average. Cash flow is outstanding relative to historical and projected debt service requirements. The borrower adheres to all loan covenants. Management (or individual) integrity and ability are outstanding. RISK RATING 2 — STRONG General: The borrower is fully responsible for the credit. Asset quality and liquidity are very good, and debt capacity and coverage are strong. The company has strong management in all positions, and is highly regarded with excellent financial flexibility including access to other sources of financing. Specific: Financial statements are current, of excellent quality and in adequate detail. Financial condition is very good and compares favorably to the industry average. Statements reflect a stable record of earnings over time and consistent profitability. Cash flow is strong relative to historical and projected debt service requirements. The borrower consistently adheres to the repayment schedules for both principal and interest. The borrower adheres to all loan covenants. Management (or individual) integrity and ability are outstanding. RISK RATING 3 — GOOD General: Asset quality and liquidity are strong, and debt capacity and coverage are good to above average. General financial trends are stable to favorable and financial and profitability ratios are consistent with industry peers. Management strength is apparent. The industry is average. Some modest elements of uncertainty may be present due to liquidity, margin and cash flow stability, asset of customer concentrations, dependence on one business type, or cyclical trends that may affect the borrower. Specific: The financial statements are generally current, of adequate detail, and of good quality. Publication of statements is at least once annually but in most cases more frequent. Financial condition is good relative to the industry. The earnings record is stable and consistent, although modest year-to-year earnings may fluctuate more than for borrowers rated Excellent (1) or Strong (2). Cash flow may vary during the repayment of the loan but does not fall below debt service requirements. Historical profitability may be inconsistent but losses are typically non-existent or infrequent. Liquidity and leverage are at the industry average. The borrower consistently adheres to repayment schedules for both principal and interest, and adheres to all loan covenants. Any waivers are immaterial, and do not negatively impact the strength of the credit. Management (or individual) integrity and ability are sound. Depth and breadth of management is also sound. RISK RATING 4 — ACCEPTABLE General: Asset quality and liquidity are good, and debt capacity and coverage are average to good. General financial trends are stable to favorable and financial and profitability ratios are consistent with industry peers. Management strength is apparent but may be limited to key positions. The industry is average. Some elements of uncertainty may be present due to liquidity, margin and cash flow stability, asset of customer concentrations, dependence on one business type, or cyclical trends that may affect the borrower. Adverse economic conditions may lead to declining trends. Specific: The financial statements are generally current, of adequate detail, and of average quality. Publication of statements is at least once annually. Financial condition is average relative to the industry. The earnings record is satisfactory, although year-to-year earnings patterns may fluctuate more than for borrowers rated Good (3). Cash flow may vary during the repayment of the loan but does not fall below debt service requirements. Historical profitability may be inconsistent and may have losses in recent years. Liquidity and leverage may be below the industry average, and the borrower may be highly leveraged. The borrower consistently adheres to repayment schedules for both principal and interest, and adheres to all loan covenants. Any waivers are immaterial, and do not negatively impact the strength of the credit. Management (or individual) integrity and ability are sound. Depth and breadth of management is also sound. RISK RATING 5 — WATCH General: Loans in this category are considered to be acceptable credit quality, but contain greater credit risk than Risk Rating 4 loans due to weak balance sheets, marginal earnings or cash flow, lack of financial information, weakening markets, insufficient or questionable collateral coverage, or other uncertainties. These loans warrant a higher than average level of monitoring to ensure that potential weaknesses do not emerge. The level of risk in a Watch loan is within acceptable underwriting guidelines so long as the loan is given the proper level of management supervision. Specific: The financial statements may be missing, outdated, of poor quality, or lacking in important details. Financial condition is below the industry average. The borrower may be experiencing negative trends and/or erratic or unstable financial performance. The borrower may have suffered a loss in a recent period; however, losses have not been of the magnitude to have adversely affected the balance sheet. The borrower generally adheres to repayment schedules for principal and consistently for interest. Cash flow from primary sources has generally been adequate but, if existing trends continue may not be adequate to meet projected debt service requirements in the future. The borrower may have violated one or more financial or other covenants, but such has not materially impacted financial condition or performance. Industry outlook may be unfavorable. The integrity and quality of management remains good; however, management depth may be limited. RISK RATING 6 — SPECIAL MENTION General: Assets in this category have potential weaknesses that deserve the Bank’s close attention. If potential weaknesses are left unchecked or uncorrected, they may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or inadequately protect the Bank’s credit position at some future date. These assets pose elevated risk, but their weakness does not expose the Bank to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Specific: Borrowers may be experiencing adverse operating trends (declining revenues or margins) or an ill-proportioned balance sheet (increasing inventory without an increase in sales, high leverage, tight liquidity). Adverse economic or market conditions, such as interest rate increases or the entry of a new competitor, may also support a Special Mention (6) rating. Nonfinancial reasons for rating a credit Special Mention (6) include management problems, pending litigation, an ineffective loan agreement or other material structural weaknesses, and any other significant deviation from prudent lending practices. RISK RATING 7 — SUBSTANDARD General: Assets in this category are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. These assets have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the timely liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Specific: Substandard assets have a high probability of payment default, or they have other well-defined weaknesses. The financial statements may be missing, seriously outdated, of poor quality, or lacking in important details. Financial condition is less than satisfactory. The borrower is experiencing negative trends and material losses. The primary source of cash flow is inadequate to meet current debt service requirements, and unless present conditions improve is potentially inadequate to meet projected debt service requirements. The borrower may have reached the point of employing its secondary source of cash flow. The borrower inconsistently adheres to repayment schedules for either principal or interest. The borrower may have violated one or more financial or other covenants, reflecting unsatisfactory liquidity and/or capitalization. Either the integrity or the ability of management may be in question. For some Substandard (7) assets, the likelihood of full collection of interest and principal may be in doubt; such assets should be placed on nonaccrual. RISK RATING 8 — DOUBTFUL General: Assets in this category have all the weaknesses inherent in one classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Specific: An asset in this category has a high probability of total or substantial loss, but because of specific pending events that may strengthen the asset, its classification as loss is deferred. Doubtful borrowers are usually in default, lack adequate liquidity and capital, and lack the resources necessary to remain an operating entity. Pending events can include mergers, acquisitions, liquidations, capital injections, and the perfection of liens on additional collateral, the valuation of collateral and refinancing. Generally, pending events should be resolved within a relatively short period and the ratings will be adjusted based on new information. Because of high probability of loss, nonaccrual accounting treatment is required for Doubtful (8) assets. RISK RATING 9 — LOSS General: Assets in this category are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be obtained in the future. Specific: With Loss (9) assets, the underlying borrowers are often in bankruptcy, have formally suspended debt repayments, or have otherwise ceased normal business operations. Once an asset is classified Loss (9), there is little prospect of collecting either its principal or interest. Losses are to be recorded in the period an obligation becomes uncollectable. The following table presents the credit risk profile of the Bank’s loan portfolio based on internal rating category and payment activity as of December 31, 2015 and 2014: 2015 Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Warehouse Home Other Total Pass (1 – 5) $ 44,838,588 $ 30,037,894 $ 1,966,182 $ 8,147,480 $ 10,000,000 $ 9,003,016 $ 1,101,856 $ 105,095,016 Special Mention (6) — 1,553,936 — — — — — 1,553,936 Substandard (7) 563,843 782,183 9,660 — — — — 1,355,686 Doubtful (8) — — — — — — — — Loss (9) — — — — — — — — Total $ 45,402,431 $ 32,374,013 $ 1,975,842 $ 8,147,480 $ 10,000,000 $ 9,003,016 $ 1,101,856 $ 108,004,638 2014 Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Warehouse Home Other Total Pass (1 – 5) $ 44,618,696 $ 25,726,754 $ 1,344,107 $ 5,536,805 $ — $ 9,321,255 $ 883,864 $ 87,431,481 Special Mention (6) — 219,157 — — — — — 219,157 Substandard (7) 734,903 1,962,751 179,174 — — 10,353 — 2,887,181 Doubtful (8) — — — — — — — — Loss (9) — — — — — — — — Total $ 45,353,599 $ 27,908,662 $ 1,523,281 $ 5,536,805 $ — $ 9,331,608 $ 883,864 $ 90,537,819 The Bank evaluates the loan risk grading system definitions and allowance for loan loss methodology on an ongoing basis. No significant changes were made to either during the past year. The following tables present the Bank’s loan portfolio aging analysis of the recorded investment in loans as of December 31, 2015 and 2014: 2015 30 – 59 Days 60 – 89 Days Greater Total Current Total Total Loans Residential 1 – 4 family $ 1,124,518 $ 312,454 $ 555,497 $ 1,992,469 $ 43,409,962 $ 45,402,431 $ — Commercial real estate 9,715 — — 9,715 32,364,298 32,374,013 — Construction and land — 23,118 9,660 32,778 1,943,064 1,975,842 — Commercial and industrial 99,541 — — 99,541 8,047,939 8,147,480 — Warehouse Line — — — — 10,000,000 10,000,000 — Home equity 72,128 10,288 8,309 90,725 8,912,291 9,003,016 — Other consumer — 2,852 — 2,852 1,099,004 1,101,856 — $ 1,305,902 $ 348,712 $ 573,466 $ 2,228,080 $ 105,776,558 $ 108,004,638 $ — 2014 30 – 59 Days 60 – 89 Days Greater Total Current Total Total Loans Residential 1-4 family $ 1,147,797 $ 557,817 $ 734,903 $ 2,440,517 $ 42,913,082 $ 45,353,599 $ — Commercial real estate 11,782 — — 11,782 27,896,880 27,908,662 — Construction and land 27,817 — 21,972 49,789 1,473,492 1,523,281 — Commercial and — — — — 5,536,805 5,536,805 — Warehouse Line — — — — — — — Home equity 54,224 25,601 10,353 90,178 9,241,430 9,331,608 — Other consumer — 6,057 — 6,057 877,807 883,864 — $ 1,241,620 $ 589,475 $ 767,228 $ 2,598,323 $ 87,939,496 $ 90,537,819 $ — A loan is considered impaired, in accordance with the impairment accounting guidance (ASC 310-10-35-16), when based on current information and events, it is probable the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming commercial loans but also include loans modified in troubled debt restructurings. The following table presents impaired loans and specific valuation allowance based on class level for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014: 2015 Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Warehouse Home Total Impaired loans without a specific allowance: Recorded investment $ 848,467 $ 273,166 $ — $ — $ — $ 79,097 $ 1,200,730 Unpaid principal balance 921,718 273,166 — — — 79,097 1,273,981 Impaired loans with a specific allowance: Recorded investment 1,202,811 9,715 32,777 — — 43,712 1,289,015 Unpaid principal balance 1,259,063 11,111 36,696 — — 45,687 1,352,557 Specific allowance 13,969 129 173 — — 372 14,643 Total impaired loans: Recorded investment 2,051,278 282,881 32,777 — — 122,809 2,489,745 Unpaid principal balance 2,180,781 284,277 36,696 — — 124,784 2,626,538 Specific allowance 13,969 129 173 — — 372 14,643 2014 Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Warehouse Home Total Impaired loans without a specific allowance: Recorded investment $ 1,396,878 $ 1,003,575 $ 290,956 $ — $ — $ 86,296 $ 2,777,705 Unpaid principal balance 1,475,218 1,121,615 304,827 — — 92,277 2,993,937 Impaired loans with a specific allowance: Recorded investment 1,330,834 11,782 49,790 — — 66,583 1,458,989 Unpaid principal balance 1,373,484 12,700 56,120 — — 69,627 1,511,931 Specific allowance 16,325 46 598 — — 533 17,502 Total impaired loans: Recorded investment 2,727,712 1,015,357 340,746 — — 152,879 4,236,694 Unpaid principal balance 2,848,702 1,134,315 360,947 — — 161,904 4,505,868 Specific allowance 16,325 46 598 — — 533 17,502 The following presents by portfolio class, information related to the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014: 2015 Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Warehouse Home Total Average recorded investment in impaired loans $ 1,920,676 $ 290,494 $ 38,295 $ — $ — $ 127,281 2,376,746 Interest income recognized 23,914 15,554 — — — 2,614 42,082 Interest income recognized on a cash basis 23,798 15,328 — — — 2,614 41,740 2014 Residential Commercial Construction Commercial Warehouse Home Total Average recorded investment in impaired loans $ 2,394,222 $ 1,078,123 $ 330,360 $ — $ — $ 137,430 $ 3,940,135 Interest income recognized 38,882 16,369 5,945 — — 303 61,499 Interest income recognized on a cash basis 38,748 16,369 5,945 — — 303 61,365 The following table presents the Bank’s nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2015 and 2014. This table excludes performing troubled debt restructurings. 2015 2014 Residential 1 – 4 family $ 1,233,905 $ 1,811,649 Commercial real estate 9,715 729,032 Construction and land 32,777 206,991 Commercial and industrial — — Warehouse Line — — Home equity 43,712 150,511 Other consumer — — $ 1,320,109 $ 2,898,183 At December 31, 2015 the Company did not have any loans that were modified in troubled debt restructurings however; in 2014, the Company had loans that were modified in troubled debt restructurings and impaired. The modification of terms of such loans included one or a combination of the following: an extension of maturity, a reduction of the stated interest rate or a permanent reduction of the recorded investment in the loan. The following table presents information regarding troubled debt restructurings by class for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. Newly classified troubled debt restructurings: 2015 2014 Number Pre- Post Number Pre- Post Residential 1 – 4 family — $ — $ — 3 $ 418,350 $ 418,350 Commercial real estate — — — — — — Construction and land development — — — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — — — — Warehouse line — — — — — — Home equity — — — — — — Other consumer — — — — — — — $ — $ — 3 $ 418,350 $ 418,350 The troubled debt restructurings described above increased the allowance for loan losses by $3,502 resulted in charge offs of $19,937 during the year ended December 31, 2014. Newly restructured loans by type of modification: 2015 Interest Term Combination Total Residential 1 – 4 family $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate — — — — Construction and land development — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — — Warehouse line — — — — Home equity — — — — Other consumer — — — — $ — $ — $ — $ — 2014 Interest Term Combination Total Residential 1 – 4 family $ 93,832 $ 61,000 $ 263,518 $ 418,350 Commercial real estate — — — — Construction and land development — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — — Warehouse line — — — — Home equity — — — — Other consumer — — — — $ 93,832 $ 61,000 $ 263,518 $ 418,350 Troubled debt restructurings modified in the past 12 months that subsequently defaulted: 2015 2014 Number of Recorded Number of Recorded Residential 1 – 4 family — $ — — $ — Commercial real estate — — 1 214,736 Construction and land development — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — — Warehouse line — — — — Home equity — — — — Other consumer — — — — — $ — 1 $ 214,736 As of December 31, 2015, borrowers with loans designated as TDRs totaling $1,084,630 and consisting of $732,385 of residential 1 – 4 family loans, $273,166 of commercial real estate loans, and $79,079 of home equity loans, met the criteria for placement on accrual status. As of December 31, 2014, borrowers with loans designated as TDRs totaling $1,431,843 and consisting of $1,009,396 of residential 1 – 4 family, $286,325 of commercial real estate loans, $133,754 of construction and land development and $2,368 of home equity loans, met the criteria for placement on accrual status. This criteria is a minimum of six months of payment performance under existing or modified terms. The Company has had, and may be expected to have in the future, lending transactions in the ordinary course of business with principal stockholder, directors, executive officer and their affiliates (related parties), all of which have been, in the opinion of management, on the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with unrelated parties and which do not represent more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features. Aggregate loan transaction with related parties for the year ended December 31, 2015 and year ended December 31, 2014: 2015 2014 Balance, January 1, $ 1,746,535 $ 96,059 New loans and advances on lines 535,893 1,043,733 Repayments (540,712 ) (667,229 ) Other, newly established related party 648,108 1,273,972 Balance, December 31, $ 2,389,824 $ 1,746,535 Balance available on lines of credit or loan commitments 290,558 558,191 None of these loans are past due, in nonaccrual status or have been restructured to provide a reduction or deferral of interest or principal because of deterioration in the financial position of the borrower. These were no loans to a related party that were considered classified at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. On January 1, 2015, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ( ASU) 2014-04, Receivables — Troubled Debt Restructuring by Creditors |