Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Consolidation Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) and include the accounts of all consolidated subsidiaries after the elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions. We consolidate entities when we have the ability to control the operating and financial decisions of the entity or when we have a significant interest in the entity that gives us the ability to direct the activities that are significant to that entity. The determination of our ability to control, direct or exert significant influence over an entity involves the use of judgment. We are engaged in the exploration for and the acquisition, development, and production of oil, natural gas and NGLs in the United States. Our oil and natural gas properties are managed as a single operating segment rather than through discrete operating segments or business units. We track basic operational data by area and allocate capital resources on a project-by-project basis across our entire asset base without regard to individual areas. We assess financial performance as a single enterprise and not on a geographical area basis. New Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Adopted The following accounting standards have been issued but not yet been adopted. Leases. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which requires lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. Adoption of this standard is required beginning in the first quarter of 2019 and early adoption is allowed. We continue to evaluate our contracts and other agreements to assess the impact this update will have on our financial statements. Revenue Recognition. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue and develops a common revenue standard for U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. Adoption of this standard is required beginning in the first quarter of 2018. Modified or full retrospective application of this standard is required upon adoption. We do not anticipate our adoption of this standard on January 1, 2018, utilizing the modified retrospective approach, will have a material impact on our financial statements, disclosure requirements, accounting policies, business processes and/or related controls. Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates The preparation of our financial statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts we report as assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and our disclosures in these financial statements. Actual results can, and often do, differ from those estimates. Revenue Recognition Our revenues are generated primarily through the physical sale of oil, natural gas and NGLs to third party customers at spot or market prices under both short and long-term contracts. We recognize revenue upon delivery and transfer of control of the product to the customer which occurs at the point in time which delivery and passage of title and risk of loss have occurred. Delivery and transfer of control vary depending on the product and delivery method but typically occurs at a pipeline or gathering line delivery point interconnect when delivered via pipeline or at the wellhead or tank battery to purchasers who transport the oil via truck. Revenue is measured and based upon index prices (WTI, LLS, Henry Hub and Mt. Belvieu) or refiners' posted prices at various delivery points across our producing basins. Realized prices received (not considering the effects of hedges) are generally less than the stated index price as a result of contractual deductions, differentials from the index to the delivery point, adjustments for time, and/or discounts for quality or grade. Revenue is recorded using the sales method, net of any royalty interests or other profit interests in the produced product. Revenues related to products delivered, but not yet billed, are estimated each month. These estimates are based on contract data, commodity prices and preliminary throughput and allocation measurements. When actual sales volumes exceed our entitled share of sales volumes, an overproduced imbalance occurs. To the extent the overproduced imbalance exceeds our share of the remaining estimated proved natural gas reserves for a given property, we record a liability. Costs associated with the transportation and delivery of production between the wellhead and its intended sale location are generally included in transportation costs. We also purchase and sell oil and natural gas on a monthly basis to manage our overall oil and natural gas production and sales. These transactions are undertaken to optimize prices we receive for our oil and natural gas, to physically move oil and gas to its intended sales point, or to manage firm transportation agreements. Revenue related to these transactions are recorded in oil and natural gas sales in operating revenues and associated purchases reflected in oil and natural gas purchases in operating expenses in our consolidated income statements. For the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , we had two customers that individually accounted for 10 percent or more of our total revenues. The loss of any one customer would not have an adverse effect on our ability to sell our oil, natural gas and NGLs production. While most of our physical production is priced off of market indices, we actively manage the volatility of market pricing through our risk management program whereby we enter into financial derivatives contracts. All of our derivatives are marked-to-market each period. The change in the fair value of our commodity-based derivatives, as well as any realized amounts, are reflected in operating revenues as financial derivative revenues (see Derivatives below and Note 6). Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash We consider short-term investments with an original maturity of less than three months to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2017 , we had $18 million in restricted cash reflecting a deposit received in advance of the divestiture of certain assets. As of December 31, 2016 , we had no restricted cash. As a result of early adopting ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments and ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows - Restricted Cash as of December 31, 2017 our consolidated statement of cash flows for all historical periods reflect restricted cash combined with cash and cash equivalents. We did not have any other material impact of early adopting these ASUs. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts We establish provisions for losses on accounts receivable and for natural gas imbalances with other parties if we determine that we will not collect all or part of the outstanding balance. We regularly review collectability and establish or adjust our allowance as necessary using the specific identification method. Oil and Natural Gas Properties We account for oil and natural gas properties in accordance with the successful efforts method of accounting for oil and natural gas exploration and development activities. Under the successful efforts method, we capitalize (i) lease acquisition costs, all development costs and exploratory drilling costs until results are determined, (ii) certain internal costs directly identified with the acquisition, successful drilling of exploratory wells and development activities, and (iii) interest costs related to financing oil and natural gas projects actively being developed until the projects are evaluated or substantially complete and ready for their intended use if the projects were evaluated as successful. Non-drilling exploratory costs, including certain geological and geophysical costs such as seismic costs and delay rentals, are expensed as incurred. We provide for depreciation, depletion, and amortization on the basis of common geological structure or stratigraphic conditions applied to total capitalized costs, plus future abandonment costs, net of salvage value, using the unit of production method. Lease acquisition costs are amortized over total proved reserves, while other exploratory drilling and all developmental costs are amortized over total proved developed reserves. We evaluate capitalized costs related to proved properties upon a triggering event to determine if impairment of such properties is necessary. Our evaluation of recoverability is made on the basis of common geological structure or stratigraphic conditions and considers estimated future cash flows primarily from all proved developed (producing and non-producing) and proved undeveloped reserves in comparison to the carrying amount of the proved properties. Estimated future cash flows are determined based on estimates of future oil and gas production, estimated or published commodity prices as of the date of the estimate, adjusted for geographical location, contractual and quality price differentials, and estimates of future operating and development costs. If the carrying amount of a property exceeds these estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the carrying amount is reduced to its estimated fair value through a charge to income. Fair value is calculated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using a risk-adjusted discount rate. This discount rate is based on rates utilized by market participants that are commensurate with the risks inherent in the development and production of the underlying crude oil and natural gas. Leasehold acquisition costs associated with non-producing areas are also assessed for impairment based on our estimated drilling plans and anticipated capital expenditures related to potential lease expirations. Property, Plant and Equipment (Other than Oil and Natural Gas Properties) Our property, plant and equipment, other than our assets accounted for under the successful efforts method, are recorded at their original cost of construction or, upon acquisition, at the fair value of the assets acquired. We capitalize the major units of property replacements or improvements and expense minor items. We depreciate our non-oil and natural gas property, plant and equipment using the straight-line method over the useful lives of the assets which range from four to 15 years . Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations We record a liability for legal obligations associated with the replacement, removal or retirement of our long-lived assets in the period the obligation is incurred and is estimable. Our asset retirement liabilities are initially recorded at their estimated fair value with a corresponding increase to property, plant and equipment. This increase in property, plant and equipment is then depreciated over the useful life of the asset to which that liability relates. An ongoing expense is recognized for changes in the value of the liability as a result of the passage of time, which we record as depreciation, depletion and amortization expense in our consolidated income statements. Accounting for Long-Term Incentive Compensation We measure the cost of long-term incentive compensation based on the fair value of the award on the day it is granted. Awards issued under our incentive compensation programs are recognized as either equity awards or liability awards based on their characteristics. Expense is recognized in our consolidated financial statements as general and administrative expense over the period of service required by the award. As a result of adopting ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, as of January 1, 2017, we recorded a cumulative adjustment of approximately $1 million to the opening balance of retained earnings related to our election to begin accounting for forfeitures in compensation cost when they occur rather than estimating them over the service period. See Note 10 for further discussion of our long-term incentive compensation. Environmental Costs, Legal and Other Contingencies Environmental Costs. We record environmental liabilities at their undiscounted amounts on our consolidated balance sheet in other current and long-term liabilities when we assess that remediation efforts are probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. Estimates of our environmental liabilities are based on current available facts, existing technology and presently enacted laws and regulations, taking into consideration the likely effects of other societal and economic factors, and include estimates of associated legal costs. These amounts also consider prior experience in remediating contaminated sites, other companies’ clean-up experience and data released by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or other organizations. Our estimates are subject to revision in future periods based on actual costs or new circumstances. We capitalize costs that benefit future periods and expense costs that do not in general and administrative expense. We evaluate any amounts paid directly or reimbursed by government sponsored programs and potential recoveries or reimbursements of remediation costs from third parties, including insurance coverage, separately from our liability. Recovery is evaluated based on the creditworthiness or solvency of the third party, among other factors. When recovery is assured, we record and report an asset separately from the associated liability on our consolidated balance sheet. Legal and Other Contingencies. We recognize liabilities for legal and other contingencies when we have an exposure that indicates it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Where the most likely outcome of a contingency can be reasonably estimated, we accrue a liability for that amount. Where the most likely outcome cannot be estimated, a range of potential losses is established and if no one amount in that range is more likely than any other to occur, the low end of the range is accrued. Derivatives We enter into derivative contracts on our oil and natural gas products primarily to stabilize cash flows and reduce the risk and financial impact of downward commodity price movements on commodity sales. Derivative instruments are reflected on our consolidated balance sheet at their fair value as assets and liabilities. We classify our derivatives as either current or non-current based on their anticipated settlement date. We net derivative assets and liabilities with counterparties where we have a legal right of offset. All of our derivatives are marked-to-market each period and changes in the fair value of our commodity based derivatives, as well as any realized amounts, are reflected as operating revenues. We classify cash flows related to derivative contracts based on the nature and purpose of the derivative. As the derivative cash flows are considered an integral part of our oil and natural gas operations, they are classified as cash flows from operating activities. In our consolidated balance sheet, receivables and payables resulting from the settlement of our derivative instruments are reported as trade receivables and payables. See Note 6 for a further discussion of our derivatives. Income Taxes We record current income taxes based on our estimates of current taxable income and provide for deferred income taxes to reflect estimated future income tax payments and receipts. Changes in tax laws are recorded in the period they are enacted. Deferred taxes represent the tax impacts of differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities and carryovers at each year end. We classify all deferred tax assets and liabilities, along with any related valuation allowance, as non-current on the consolidated balance sheet. We account for tax credits under the flow-through method, which reduces the provision for income taxes in the year the tax credits first become available. The realization of our deferred tax assets depends on recognition of sufficient future taxable income during periods in which those temporary differences are deductible. We reduce deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance when, based on our estimates, it is more likely than not that a portion of those assets will not be realized in a future period. The estimates utilized in recognition of deferred tax assets are subject to revision, either up or down, in future periods based on new facts or circumstances. In evaluating our valuation allowances, we consider cumulative book losses, the reversal of existing temporary differences, the existence of taxable income in carryback years, tax planning strategies and future taxable income for each of our taxable jurisdictions, the latter two of which involve the exercise of significant judgment. Changes to our valuation allowances could materially impact our results of operations. |