Investments | 1.25 1.00 - 1.25 N/A(a) September 30, 2016 LTV Ratios: Less than 50% $ 158 $ 18 $ 1 $ 177 29 % $ 181 29 % 50% to 60% 189 — — 189 32 % 194 32 % 60% to 75% 230 — — 230 39 % 239 39 % Commercial mortgage loans $ 577 $ 18 $ 1 $ 596 100 % $ 614 100 % September 30, 2015 LTV Ratios: Less than 50% $ 115 $ — $ 11 $ 126 25 % $ 125 25 % 50% to 60% 161 20 — 181 37 % 180 37 % 60% to 75% 185 — — 185 38 % 185 38 % Commercial mortgage loans $ 461 $ 20 $ 11 $ 492 100 % $ 490 100 % (a) N/A - Current DSC ratio not available. We establish a general mortgage loan allowance based upon the underlying risk and quality of the mortgage loan portfolio using DSC ratio and LTV ratio. A higher LTV ratio will result in a higher allowance. A higher DSC ratio will result in a lower allowance. We believe that the DSC ratio is an indicator of default risk on loans. We believe that the LTV ratio is an indicator of the principal recovery risk for loans that default. September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015 Gross balance commercial mortgage loans $ 596 $ 492 Allowance for loan loss (1 ) (1 ) Net balance commercial mortgage loans $ 595 $ 491 The Company recognizes a mortgage loan as delinquent when payments on the loan are greater than 30 days past due. At September 30, 2016 and 2015, we had no CMLs that were delinquent in principal or interest payments. The following provides the current and past due composition of our CMLs: September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015 Current to 30 days $ 596 $ 492 Past due — — Total carrying value $ 596 $ 492 A Troubled Debt Restructuring ("TDR") is a situation where we have granted a concession to a borrower for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower's financial difficulties that we would not otherwise consider. A mortgage loan that has been granted new terms, including workout terms as described previously, would be considered a TDR if it meets conditions that would indicate a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the new terms constitute a concession on our part. We analyze all loans where we have agreed to workout terms and all loans that we have refinanced to determine if they meet the definition of a TDR. We consider the following factors in determining whether or not a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty: • borrower is in default, • borrower has declared bankruptcy, • there is growing concern about the borrower's ability to continue as a going concern, • borrower has insufficient cash flows to service debt, • borrower's inability to obtain funds from other sources, and • there is a breach of financial covenants by the borrower. If the borrower is determined to be in financial difficulty, we consider the following conditions to determine if the borrower will be granted a concession: • assets used to satisfy debt are less than our recorded investment, • interest rate is modified, • maturity date extension at an interest rate less than market rate, • capitalization of interest, • delaying principal and/or interest for a period of three months or more, and • partial forgiveness of the balance or charge-off. Mortgage loan workouts, refinances or restructures that are classified as TDRs are individually evaluated and measured for impairment. As of September 30, 2016 and 2015, our CML portfolio had no impairments, modifications or troubled debt restructuring. Net Investment Income The major sources of “Net investment income” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows: Year ended September 30, 2016 2015 2014 Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale $ 869 $ 799 $ 723 Equity securities, available-for-sale 32 33 23 Commercial mortgage loans 24 11 3 Related party loans 4 6 7 Invested cash and short-term investments 3 2 — Other investments 9 20 20 Gross investment income 941 871 776 Investment expense (18 ) (20 ) (16 ) Net investment income $ 923 $ 851 $ 760 During the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2015, the Company received notice that we are entitled to receive a settlement as a result of our ownership of certain RMBS that were issued by Countrywide Financial Corp ("Countrywide"), an entity which was later acquired by Bank of America Corporation. An $18 cash settlement was received in the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2016 for a majority of the Countrywide securities, and another $2 is expected to be paid in the second fiscal quarter of 2017. In compliance with the Company's accounting policy described in "Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies and Practices", the Company updated its cash flow projections for its best estimate of the recovery as of May 31, 2016 and determined the new effective yield with the resulting immaterial impact recognized in "Net investment income". Net Investment Gains (Losses) Details underlying “Net investment gains (losses)” reported on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows: Year ended September 30, 2016 2015 2014 Net realized gains on fixed maturity available-for-sale securities $ 11 $ 11 $ 104 Realized gains (losses) on equity securities 1 — (1 ) Change in fair value of other derivatives and embedded derivatives — 7 2 Realized losses on other invested assets (26 ) (40 ) (2 ) Net realized (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities (14 ) (22 ) 103 Realized (losses) gains on certain derivative instruments (84 ) 108 209 Unrealized gains (losses) on certain derivative instruments 166 (215 ) 37 Change in fair value of reinsurance related embedded derivative (49 ) 92 (42 ) Realized gains (losses) on hedging derivatives and reinsurance-related embedded derivatives 33 (15 ) 204 Net investment gains (losses) $ 19 $ (37 ) $ 307 For the year ended September 30, 2016 , proceeds from the sale of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities totaled $1,318 , gross gains on such sales totaled $40 and gross losses totaled $23 , respectively. For the year ended September 30, 2015 , proceeds from the sale of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities, totaled $3,200 , gross gains on such sales totaled $104 and gross losses totaled $44 , respectively. For the year ended September 30, 2014 , proceeds from the sale of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities, totaled $2,775 , gross gains on such sales totaled $113 and gross losses totaled $13 , respectively. Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities The Company owns investments in VIEs that are not consolidated within the Company’s financial statements. VIEs do not have sufficient equity to finance their own activities without additional financial support and certain of its investors lack certain characteristics of a controlling financial interest. These VIEs are not consolidated in the Company’s financial statements for the following reasons: 1) FGL Insurance does not have any voting rights or notice rights; 2) the Company does not have any rights to remove the investment manager; and 3) the Company was not involved in the design of the investment. These characteristics indicate that FGL Insurance lacks the ability to direct the activities, or otherwise exert control, of the VIEs and is not considered the primary beneficiary of them. FGL Insurance participates in loans to third parties originated by Salus. Salus is an affiliated, limited liability company indirectly owned by HRG that originates senior secured asset-based loans to unaffiliated third-party borrowers. FGL Insurance also participates in CLOs managed by Salus and owns preferred equity in Salus within the funds withheld portfolio of the FSRCI treaty. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its investments in or with Salus is limited to the carrying value of its investments in Salus which totaled $22 and $251 as of September 30, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. FGL’s investments in or with Salus are detailed in “Note 14. Related Party Transactions” to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. During the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2015, FGL invested in Boardwalk, an unaffiliated limited partnership fund that will invest in consumer whole loans, asset-backed investments, high yield, private investments, bank portfolio liquidations, bridge financing and other investments. The initial funding occurred March 20, 2015 with the remaining commitment expected to fund over the course of the next 3 years . FGL has funded $12 of a $35 commitment as of September 30, 2016 . FGL also executed a commitment of $75 to purchase common shares in an unaffiliated private business development company ("BDC"). The BDC invests in secured and unsecured fixed maturity and equity securities of middle market companies in the United States. Due to the voting structure of the transaction, FGL does not have voting power. The initial capital call occurred June 30, 2015, with the remaining commitment expected to fund through 2017. FGL has funded $42 as of September 30, 2016 ." id="sjs-B4">Investments The Company’s fixed maturity and equity securities investments have been designated as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") net of associated adjustments for deferred acquisition costs ("DAC"), value of business acquired ("VOBA"), and deferred income taxes. The Company’s consolidated investments at September 30, 2016 and 2015 are summarized as follows: September 30, 2016 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Carrying Value Available-for sale securities Asset-backed securities $ 2,528 $ 16 $ (45 ) $ 2,499 $ 2,499 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 850 23 (9 ) 864 864 Corporates 10,712 760 (132 ) 11,340 11,340 Equities 640 47 (4 ) 683 683 Hybrids 1,356 77 (47 ) 1,386 1,386 Municipals 1,515 206 (4 ) 1,717 1,717 Residential mortgage-backed securities 1,327 63 (28 ) 1,362 1,362 U.S. Government 233 10 — 243 243 Total available-for-sale securities 19,161 1,202 (269 ) 20,094 20,094 Derivative investments 221 78 (23 ) 276 276 Commercial mortgage loans 595 — — 614 595 Other invested assets 60 — — 58 60 Total investments $ 20,037 $ 1,280 $ (292 ) $ 21,042 $ 21,025 September 30, 2015 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Carrying Value Available-for-sale securities Asset-backed securities $ 2,148 $ 5 $ (47 ) $ 2,106 $ 2,106 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 878 14 (10 ) 882 882 Corporates 9,533 351 (354 ) 9,530 9,530 Equities 597 27 (4 ) 620 620 Hybrids 1,211 45 (42 ) 1,214 1,214 Municipals 1,520 103 (15 ) 1,608 1,608 Residential mortgage-backed securities 2,099 89 (26 ) 2,162 2,162 U.S. Government 233 11 — 244 244 Total available-for-sale securities 18,219 645 (498 ) 18,366 18,366 Derivatives investments 218 13 (149 ) 82 82 Commercial mortgage loans 491 — — 490 491 Other invested assets 164 — (9 ) 153 155 Total investments $ 19,092 $ 658 $ (656 ) $ 19,091 $ 19,094 Included in AOCI were cumulative gross unrealized gains of $1 and gross unrealized losses of $3 related to the non-credit portion of other-than-temporary impairments ("OTTI") on non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS") at September 30, 2016 and gross unrealized gains of $1 and gross unrealized losses of $2 related to the non-credit portion of OTTI on RMBS at September 30, 2015 , respectively. Securities held on deposit with various state regulatory authorities had a fair value of $18,075 and $16,012 at September 30, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Under Iowa regulations, insurance companies are required to hold securities on deposit in an amount no less than the Company's legal reserve as prescribed by Iowa regulations. At September 30, 2016 and 2015 , the Company held investments that were non-income producing for a period greater than twelve months with fair values of $2 and $0 , respectively. In accordance with the Company's Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta ("FHLB") agreements, the investments supporting the funding agreement liabilities are pledged as collateral to secure the FHLB funding agreement liabilities. The collateral investments had a fair value of $649 and $524 at September 30, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities by contractual maturities, as applicable, are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or pre-pay obligations. September 30, 2016 Amortized Cost Fair Value Corporates, Non-structured Hybrids, Municipal and U.S. Government securities: Due in one year or less $ 261 $ 263 Due after one year through five years 1,863 1,919 Due after five years through ten years 3,233 3,407 Due after ten years 7,710 8,346 Subtotal 13,067 13,935 Other securities which provide for periodic payments: Asset-backed securities 2,528 2,499 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 850 864 Structured hybrids 749 751 Residential mortgage-backed securities 1,327 1,362 Subtotal 5,454 5,476 Total fixed maturity available-for-sale securities $ 18,521 $ 19,411 The Company's available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses are reviewed for potential OTTI. In evaluating whether a decline in value is other-than-temporary, the Company considers several factors including, but not limited to the following: (1) the extent and the duration of the decline; (2) the reasons for the decline in value (credit event, currency or interest-rate related, including general credit spread widening); and (3) the financial condition of and near-term prospects of the issuer. The Company also considers the ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time to allow for a recovery of value. The Company analyzes its ability to recover the amortized cost by comparing the net present value of cash flows expected to be collected with the amortized cost of the security. For mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, cash flow estimates consider the payment terms of the underlying assets backing a particular security, including interest rate and prepayment assumptions, based on data from widely accepted third-party data sources or internal estimates. In addition to interest rate and prepayment assumptions, cash flow estimates also include other assumptions regarding the underlying collateral including default rates and recoveries, which vary based on the asset type and geographic location, as well as the vintage year of the security. For structured securities, the payment priority within the tranche structure is also considered. For all other fixed maturity securities, cash flow estimates are driven by assumptions regarding probability of default and estimates regarding timing and amount of recoveries associated with a default. If the net present value is less than the amortized cost of the investment, an OTTI is recognized. Based on the results of our process for evaluating available-for-sale securities in unrealized loss positions for OTTI discussed above, the Company determined that the unrealized losses as of September 30, 2016 were improved due to credit spread narrowing. While recovery in the commodity and energy markets improved the overall portfolio, certain securities held in these sectors still reflect the sharp declines in energy prices experienced in 2015 . Similarly, the high yield market, which affects prices of leveraged loans typically used to secure collateralized loan obligations ("CLO"), improved during the quarter but certain components of the leveraged finance market continue to demonstrate price weakness based on lingering effects of the commodity correction. Nevertheless, the overall average rating of the Company’s holdings in these sectors remains investment grade. Based on an assessment of all securities in the portfolio in unrealized loss positions, the Company determined that the unrealized losses on the securities presented in the table below were not other-than-temporarily impaired as of September 30, 2016 . The fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale securities, aggregated by investment category and duration of fair value below amortized cost, were as follows: September 30, 2016 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Available-for-sale securities Asset-backed securities $ 352 $ (4 ) $ 1,368 $ (41 ) $ 1,720 $ (45 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 44 (1 ) 182 (8 ) 226 (9 ) Corporates 413 (9 ) 1,031 (123 ) 1,444 (132 ) Equities 51 (1 ) 75 (3 ) 126 (4 ) Hybrids 41 (2 ) 412 (45 ) 453 (47 ) Municipals 69 (2 ) 38 (2 ) 107 (4 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 70 (1 ) 544 (27 ) 614 (28 ) Total available-for-sale securities $ 1,040 $ (20 ) $ 3,650 $ (249 ) $ 4,690 $ (269 ) Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position less than twelve months 193 Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position twelve months or longer 543 Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position 736 September 30, 2015 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Available-for-sale securities Asset-backed securities $ 816 $ (14 ) $ 833 $ (33 ) $ 1,649 $ (47 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 262 (8 ) 133 (2 ) 395 (10 ) Corporates 2,342 (201 ) 1,328 (153 ) 3,670 (354 ) Equities 37 — 106 (4 ) 143 (4 ) Hybrids 88 (4 ) 542 (38 ) 630 (42 ) Municipals 220 (6 ) 192 (9 ) 412 (15 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 423 (10 ) 294 (16 ) 717 (26 ) Total available-for-sale securities $ 4,188 $ (243 ) $ 3,428 $ (255 ) $ 7,616 $ (498 ) Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position less than twelve months 712 Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position twelve months or longer 396 Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position 1,108 At September 30, 2016 and 2015 , securities in an unrealized loss position were primarily concentrated in investment grade, corporate debt, asset-backed, and hybrid instruments. At September 30, 2016 and 2015 , securities with a fair value of $183 and $302 , respectively, had an unrealized loss greater than 20% of amortized cost (excluding U.S. Government and U.S. Government sponsored agency securities), which represented less than 1% and less than 2% , respectively, of the carrying value of all investments. The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the credit loss portion of OTTI on fixed maturity available-for-sale securities held by the Company for the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 , for which a portion of the OTTI was recognized in AOCI: Year ended September 30, 2016 2015 Beginning balance $ 3 $ 3 Increases attributable to credit losses on securities: OTTI was previously recognized — — OTTI was not previously recognized — — Ending balance $ 3 $ 3 For the year ended September 30, 2016 , the Company recognized $40 of credit impairment losses in operations and $4 of change-of-intent losses in operations, related to fixed maturity securities and other invested assets with an amortized cost of $418 and a fair value of $374 at September 30, 2016 . The Company recognized $1 non-credit losses in other comprehensive income for investments which experienced OTTI. For the year ended September 30, 2015 , the Company recognized $74 of credit impairment losses in operations and $8 of change-of-intent losses, related to fixed maturity securities and other invested assets securities with an amortized cost of $488 and a fair value of $406 at September 30, 2015 . For the year ended September 30, 2014 , the Company recognized $1 of credit impairment losses in operations and $0 of change-of-intent losses, related to fixed maturity securities and low income housing tax credit securities with an amortized cost of $2 and a fair value of $1 at September 30, 2014 . Details underlying write-downs taken as a result of OTTI that were recognized in "Net income" and included in net realized gains on securities were as follows: Year ended September 30, 2016 2015 2014 OTTI recognized in net income: Asset-backed securities $ 12 $ 36 $ — Corporates 6 2 — Related party loans 4 — — Residential mortgage-backed securities — 8 — Other invested assets 22 36 1 Total $ 44 $ 82 $ 1 The portion of OTTI recognized in AOCI is disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. In the second quarter ended March 31, 2015, the Company recognized credit-related impairment losses of $59 , net of reinsurance, on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale equity securities and other invested assets related to direct and indirect investments in RadioShack Corporation ("RSH") and other loans because the Company concluded the decline in the fair value of these investments was other than temporary. A summary of the RSH-related impairments by investment is as follows: Year Ended September 30, 2015 Type Balance Sheet Classification OTTI Losses Collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs") (a) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 25 Preferred equity (a) Equity securities, available-for-sale 21 Participations Other invested assets 35 OTTI, gross of reinsurance $ 81 CLOs (a) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale (1 ) Preferred equity (a) Equity securities, available-for-sale (21 ) OTTI, net of reinsurance $ 59 (a) Preferred equity and a portion of the CLOs are included in the FSRCI funds withheld portfolio, accordingly all income and losses on these assets are ceded to FSRCI. The fair values of the impairments summarized above were determined using the following inputs as follows: • CLOs - The Company utilized a price from a third party valuation firm which considered the sufficiency of underlying loan collateral for the RSH loan and other loans. • Preferred equity - The Company utilized a price from a third party valuation firm which considered the updated fair value estimates of the Salus Capital Partners LLC ("Salus") CLO and the Salus participation in RSH, in which Salus owns investment interests. • Participations - The Company considered the recovery of the underlying loan collateral for RSH based on the evidence obtained. RSH filed for bankruptcy on February 5, 2015. In late March 2015, the Court awarded a sale of assets at auction to another bidder, causing our collateral claim to become more junior to other claimants and resulting in our conclusion that the Company had realized an OTTI. As of September 30, 2015, substantially all of RSH assets in the estate had been converted to cash through liquidation and the fair value of the Company's RSH-related holdings reflects these cash balances, net of expenses. As of September 30, 2015 while substantially all assets represent cash, the wind-down process still continued; therefore, some variability still existed in the fair value related to these costs. Please refer to "Note 6. Fair Value of Financial Instruments” to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail on the investments impacted by this impairment. During 2016, the cash proceeds from the RSH liquidation trust were distributed and the Company received $23 . This reflected a recovery of 45% of par value, an increase over the 30% estimated recovery value recorded in the second fiscal quarter of 2015. As a result, the Company recognized a realized gain of $8 in the year ended September 30, 2016. The Company has a remaining direct investment in RSH of $2 as of September 30, 2016 . Additionally, during the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company recognized credit-related impairment losses of $33 and $13 , respectively, net of reinsurance, on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale equity securities and other invested assets related to CLOs, loan participations and a direct preferred equity investment with Salus. A summary of the Salus-related impairments by investment is as follows: Year ended September 30, 2016 2015 Type Balance Sheet Classification OTTI Losses CLOs Fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 12 $ 13 Preferred equity (a) Equity securities, available-for-sale — 9 Participations Other invested assets 24 2 OTTI, gross of reinsurance $ 36 $ 24 CLOs (a) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale (1 ) (1 ) Preferred equity (a) Equity securities, available-for-sale — (9 ) Participations (a) Other invested assets (2 ) (1 ) OTTI, net of reinsurance $ 33 $ 13 (a) Preferred equity and a portion of the CLOs and participations are included in the FSRCI funds withheld portfolio, accordingly all income and losses on these assets are ceded to FSRCI. The CLO OTTI above related to a decline in valuation of the equity tranche of the Salus CLOs resulting from a decrease in the expected recovery of a loan in the underlying CLO portfolio. The preferred equity OTTI primarily related to business restructuring at Salus which eliminated the loan origination function lowering the expected future fee income to be earned by Salus. Please refer to "Note 14. Related Party Transactions" to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements for detail on the HGI Energy exchange of notes in 2016. Commercial Mortgage Loans Commercial mortgage loans ("CMLs") represented approximately 3% and 3% of the Company’s total investments as of September 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015 , respectively. The Company primarily makes mortgage loans on income producing properties including hotels, industrial properties, retail buildings, multifamily properties and office buildings. The Company diversifies its CML portfolio by geographic region and property type to attempt to reduce concentration risk. Subsequent to origination, the Company continuously evaluates CMLs based on relevant current information to ensure properties are performing at a consistent and acceptable level to secure the related debt. The distribution of CMLs, gross of valuation allowances, by property type and geographic region is reflected in the following tables: September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015 Gross Carrying Value % of Total Gross Carrying Value % of Total Property Type: Funeral Home $ 1 — % $ 1 — % Hotel 23 4 % 13 3 % Industrial - General 58 10 % 38 8 % Industrial - Warehouse 64 11 % 76 15 % Multifamily 70 11 % 64 13 % Office 160 27 % 137 28 % Retail 220 37 % 163 33 % Total commercial mortgage loans, gross of valuation allowance $ 596 100 % $ 492 100 % Allowance for loan loss (1 ) (1 ) Total commercial mortgage loans $ 595 $ 491 U.S. Region: East North Central $ 137 23 % $ 121 25 % East South Central 21 4 % 12 2 % Middle Atlantic 97 16 % 87 18 % Mountain 67 12 % 42 9 % New England 14 2 % 9 2 % Pacific 136 23 % 113 23 % South Atlantic 67 11 % 69 13 % West North Central 14 2 % 14 3 % West South Central 43 7 % 25 5 % Total commercial mortgage loans, gross of valuation allowance $ 596 100 % $ 492 100 % Allowance for loan loss (1 ) (1 ) Total commercial mortgage loans $ 595 $ 491 Within the Company's CML portfolio, 100% of all CMLs had a loan-to-value ("LTV") ratio of less than 75% at inception at September 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015 . As of September 30, 2016 , all CMLs are current and have not experienced credit or other events which would require the recording of an impairment loss. LTV and debt service coverage ("DSC") ratios are measures commonly used to assess the risk and quality of mortgage loans. The LTV ratio, calculated at time of origination, is expressed as a percentage of the amount of the loan relative to the value of the underlying property. A LTV ratio in excess of 100% indicates the unpaid loan amount exceeds the underlying collateral. The DSC ratio, based upon the most recently received financial statements, is expressed as a percentage of the amount of a property’s net income to its debt service payments. A DSC ratio of less than 1.00 indicates that a property’s operations do not generate sufficient income to cover debt payments. The following table presents the recorded investment in CMLs by LTV and DSC ratio categories and estimated fair value by the indicated loan-to-value ratios at September 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015 : Debt-Service Coverage Ratios Total Amount % of Total Estimated Fair Value % of Total >1.25 1.00 - 1.25 N/A(a) September 30, 2016 LTV Ratios: Less than 50% $ 158 $ 18 $ 1 $ 177 29 % $ 181 29 % 50% to 60% 189 — — 189 32 % 194 32 % 60% to 75% 230 — — 230 39 % 239 39 % Commercial mortgage loans $ 577 $ 18 $ 1 $ 596 100 % $ 614 100 % September 30, 2015 LTV Ratios: Less than 50% $ 115 $ — $ 11 $ 126 25 % $ 125 25 % 50% to 60% 161 20 — 181 37 % 180 37 % 60% to 75% 185 — — 185 38 % 185 38 % Commercial mortgage loans $ 461 $ 20 $ 11 $ 492 100 % $ 490 100 % (a) N/A - Current DSC ratio not available. We establish a general mortgage loan allowance based upon the underlying risk and quality of the mortgage loan portfolio using DSC ratio and LTV ratio. A higher LTV ratio will result in a higher allowance. A higher DSC ratio will result in a lower allowance. We believe that the DSC ratio is an indicator of default risk on loans. We believe that the LTV ratio is an indicator of the principal recovery risk for loans that default. September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015 Gross balance commercial mortgage loans $ 596 $ 492 Allowance for loan loss (1 ) (1 ) Net balance commercial mortgage loans $ 595 $ 491 The Company recognizes a mortgage loan as delinquent when payments on the loan are greater than 30 days past due. At September 30, 2016 and 2015, we had no CMLs that were delinquent in principal or interest payments. The following provides the current and past due composition of our CMLs: September 30, 2016 September 30, 2015 Current to 30 days $ 596 $ 492 Past due — — Total carrying value $ 596 $ 492 A Troubled Debt Restructuring ("TDR") is a situation where we have granted a concession to a borrower for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower's financial difficulties that we would not otherwise consider. A mortgage loan that has been granted new terms, including workout terms as described previously, would be considered a TDR if it meets conditions that would indicate a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the new terms constitute a concession on our part. We analyze all loans where we have agreed to workout terms and all loans that we have refinanced to determine if they meet the definition of a TDR. We consider the following factors in determining whether or not a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty: • borrower is in default, • borrower has declared bankruptcy, • there is growing concern about the borrower's ability to continue as a going concern, • borrower has insufficient cash flows to service debt, • borrower's inability to obtain funds from other sources, and • there is a breach of financial covenants by the borrower. If the borrower is determined to be in financial difficulty, we consider the following conditions to determine if the borrower will be granted a concession: • assets used to satisfy debt are less than our recorded investment, • interest rate is modified, • maturity date extension at an interest rate less than market rate, • capitalization of interest, • delaying principal and/or interest for a period of three months or more, and • partial forgiveness of the balance or charge-off. Mortgage loan workouts, refinances or restructures that are classified as TDRs are individually evaluated and measured for impairment. As of September 30, 2016 and 2015, our CML portfolio had no impairments, modifications or troubled debt restructuring. Net Investment Income The major sources of “Net investment income” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows: Year ended September 30, 2016 2015 2014 Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale $ 869 $ 799 $ 723 Equity securities, available-for-sale 32 33 23 Commercial mortgage loans 24 11 3 Related party loans 4 6 7 Invested cash and short-term investments 3 2 — Other investments 9 20 20 Gross investment income 941 871 776 Investment expense (18 ) (20 ) (16 ) Net investment income $ 923 $ 851 $ 760 During the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2015, the Company received notice that we are entitled to receive a settlement as a result of our ownership of certain RMBS that were issued by Countrywide Financial Corp ("Countrywide"), an entity which was later acquired by Bank of America Corporation. An $18 cash settlement was received in the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2016 for a majority of the Countrywide securities, and another $2 is expected to be paid in the second fiscal quarter of 2017. In compliance with the Company's accounting policy described in "Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies and Practices", the Company updated its cash flow projections for its best estimate of the recovery as of May 31, 2016 and determined the new effective yield with the resulting immaterial impact recognized in "Net investment income". Net Investment Gains (Losses) Details underlying “Net investment gains (losses)” reported on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows: Year ended September 30, 2016 2015 2014 Net realized gains on fixed maturity available-for-sale securities $ 11 $ 11 $ 104 Realized gains (losses) on equity securities 1 — (1 ) Change in fair value of other derivatives and embedded derivatives — 7 2 Realized losses on other invested assets (26 ) (40 ) (2 ) Net realized (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities (14 ) (22 ) 103 Realized (losses) gains on certain derivative instruments (84 ) 108 209 Unrealized gains (losses) on certain derivative instruments 166 (215 ) 37 Change in fair value of reinsurance related embedded derivative (49 ) 92 (42 ) Realized gains (losses) on hedging derivatives and reinsurance-related embedded derivatives 33 (15 ) 204 Net investment gains (losses) $ 19 $ (37 ) $ 307 For the year ended September 30, 2016 , proceeds from the sale of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities totaled $1,318 , gross gains on such sales totaled $40 and gross losses totaled $23 , respectively. For the year ended September 30, 2015 , proceeds from the sale of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities, totaled $3,200 , gross gains on such sales totaled $104 and gross losses totaled $44 , respectively. For the year ended September 30, 2014 , proceeds from the sale of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities, totaled $2,775 , gross gains on such sales totaled $113 and gross losses totaled $13 , respectively. Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities The Company owns investments in VIEs that are not consolidated within the Company’s financial statements. VIEs do not have sufficient equity to finance their own activities without additional financial support and certain of its investors lack certain characteristics of a controlling financial interest. These VIEs are not consolidated in the Company’s financial statements for the following reasons: 1) FGL Insurance does not have any voting rights or notice rights; 2) the Company does not have any rights to remove the investment manager; and 3) the Company was not involved in the design of the investment. These characteristics indicate that FGL Insurance lacks the ability to direct the activities, or otherwise exert control, of the VIEs and is not considered the primary beneficiary of them. FGL Insurance participates in loans to third parties originated by Salus. Salus is an affiliated, limited liability company indirectly owned by HRG that originates senior secured asset-based loans to unaffiliated third-party borrowers. FGL Insurance also participates in CLOs managed by Salus and owns preferred equity in Salus within the funds withheld portfolio of the FSRCI treaty. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its investments in or with Salus is limited to the carrying value of its investments in Salus which totaled $22 and $251 as of September 30, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. FGL’s investments in or with Salus are detailed in “Note 14. Related Party Transactions” to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. During the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2015, FGL invested in Boardwalk, an unaffiliated limited partnership fund that will invest in consumer whole loans, asset-backed investments, high yield, private investments, bank portfolio liquidations, bridge financing and other investments. The initial funding occurred March 20, 2015 with the remaining commitment expected to fund over the course of the next 3 years . FGL has funded $12 of a $35 commitment as of September 30, 2016 . FGL also executed a commitment of $75 to purchase common shares in an unaffiliated private business development company ("BDC"). The BDC invests in secured and unsecured fixed maturity and equity securities of middle market companies in the United States. Due to the voting structure of the transaction, FGL does not have voting power. The initial capital call occurred June 30, 2015, with the remaining commitment expected to fund through 2017. FGL has funded $42 as of September 30, 2016 . |