| Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 have been prepared in accordance with United States of America ("U.S.") generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and are unaudited. We have condensed or omitted certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements presented in accordance with GAAP. Although we believe the disclosures made are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 . The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and, accordingly, ultimate results could differ from those estimates. Additionally, interim results are not necessarily indicative of full year performance. In our opinion, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, including normal recurring items, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the interim periods. All material intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. On January 1, 2018, we adopted the requirements of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ("ASU 2014-09") using the full retrospective approach as of January 1, 2016. All amounts and disclosures set forth in this Form 10-Q reflect the necessary adjustments required for the adoption of this standard, including the reclassification of prior year balances to conform to current year presentation. See "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" below for additional information. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Our significant accounting policies are detailed in Note 2: "Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 . The significant accounting policies that changed as a result of the adoption of ASU 2014-09 are set forth below. Revenue Recognition Revenues are primarily derived from management and franchise contracts with third-party hotel and resort owners, as well as from our owned and leased hotels. The majority of our performance obligations are a series of distinct goods or services, for which we receive variable consideration through our management and franchise fees or fixed consideration through our owned and leased hotels. We allocate the variable fees to the distinct services to which they relate applying the prescribed variable consideration allocation guidance, and we allocate fixed consideration to the related performance obligations based on the present value of the allocated variable cash flows. We do not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component when we expect, at contract inception, that the period between our transfer of a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less, which it is in substantially all cases. Additionally, we do not typically include extended payment terms in our contracts with customers. Management and franchise revenues We identified the following performance obligations in connection with our management and franchise contracts: • Intellectual Property ("IP") licenses grant the right to access our hotel system IP, including brand IP, reservations systems and property management systems. • Hotel management services include providing day-to-day management services of the hotels for the property owners. • Development services include providing consultative services (e.g., design assistance and contractor selection) to the property owner to assist with the construction of the hotel prior to the hotel opening. • Pre-opening services include providing services (e.g., advertising, budgeting, e-commerce strategies, food and beverage testing) to the property owner to assist in preparing for the hotel opening. • Material rights for free or discounted goods or services to hotel guests are satisfied at the earlier point in time of either when the material right expires or the underlying free or discounted good or service is provided to the hotel guest. Each of the identified performance obligations related to management and franchise revenues is considered to be a series of distinct services transferred over time. While the underlying activities may vary from day to day, the nature of the promises are the same each day, and the property owner can independently benefit from each day's services. Management and franchise fees are typically based on the sales or usage of the underlying hotel, with the exception of fixed upfront fees that usually represent an insignificant portion of the transaction price. Franchise fees represent fees earned in connection with the licensing of one of our brands, usually under long-term contracts with the property owner, and include the following: • Royalty fees are generally based on a percentage of a hotel's monthly gross room revenue and, in some cases, may also include a percentage of gross food and beverage revenues and other revenues, where applicable. These fees are typically billed and collected monthly, and revenue is generally recognized at the same time the fees are billed. • Application, initiation and other fees are charged when: (i) new hotels enter our system; (ii) there is a change of ownership; or (iii) contracts with properties already in our system are extended. These fees are typically fixed and collected upfront and are recognized as revenue over the term of the franchise contract. We do not consider this advance consideration to include a significant financing component, since it is used to protect us from the property owner failing to adequately complete some or all of its obligations under the contract. • License fees are earned from: (i) a license agreement with HGV to use certain Hilton marks and IP in its timeshare business, which are typically billed and collected monthly, and revenue is generally recognized at the same time the fees are billed; and (ii) co-brand credit card arrangements and are recognized as revenue when Hilton Honors points are issued, generally as spend on the co-branded credit card occurs; see further discussion below under "Hilton Honors." Franchise fees are reduced by any consideration paid or anticipated to be paid to incentivize hotel owners to enter into franchise contracts. Base management fees and incentive management fees represent fees earned from hotels that we manage, usually under long-term contracts with the property owner, and include the following: • Base fees are generally based on a percentage of a hotel's monthly gross revenue. Base fees are typically billed and collected monthly, and revenue is generally recognized at the same time the fees are billed. • Incentive fees are generally based on a percentage of a hotel's operating profits and in some cases may be subject to a stated return threshold to the property owner, normally over a one-calendar year period (the "incentive period"). Incentive fee revenue is recognized on a monthly basis, but only to the extent the cumulative fee earned does not exceed the probable fee for the incentive period. Incentive fee payment terms vary, but they are generally billed and collected monthly or annually upon completion of the incentive period. Base and other management fees are reduced by any consideration paid or anticipated to be paid to incentivize hotel owners to enter into management contracts. Other revenues from managed and franchised properties represent amounts that are contractually reimbursed to us by property owners directly as costs are incurred or fees that are billed and collected in advance related to certain indirect costs and expenses of the related properties, and include the following: • Direct reimbursements include payroll and related costs and certain other operating costs of the managed and franchised properties’ operations, which are contractually reimbursed to us by the property owners as expenses are incurred. Revenue is recognized based on the amount of expenses incurred by Hilton, which are presented as other expenses from managed and franchised properties in our consolidated statements of operations, that are then reimbursed by the property owner typically on a monthly basis, which results in no net effect on operating income (loss) or net income (loss). • Indirect reimbursements include marketing expenses and other expenses associated with our brands and shared services, which are paid from fees collected by Hilton from the managed and franchised properties. Revenue is generally recognized as fees are billed, which are based on the underlying hotel's sales or usage (e.g., gross room revenues and number of reservations processed). System implementation fees charged to property owners are deferred and recognized as revenue over the term of the management or franchise contract. The corresponding expenses are expensed as incurred and are presented as other expenses from managed and franchised properties in our consolidated statements of operations and are expected to equal the revenues earned from indirect reimbursements over time. The management and franchise fees and reimbursements from third-party hotel owners are allocated to the performance obligations and the distinct services to which they relate using their estimated standalone selling prices. The terms of the fees earned under the contract relate to a specific outcome of providing the services (e.g., hotel room sales) or to Hilton's efforts (e.g., costs) to satisfy the performance obligations. We use time as the measure of progress to recognize as revenue the fees that are allocated to the period earned per the contract or to the period when the reimbursable costs are incurred. Owned and leased hotel revenues We identified the following performance obligations in connection with our owned and leased hotel revenues, for which revenue is recognized as the respective performance obligations are satisfied, which results in recognizing the amount we expect to be entitled to for providing the goods or services: • Cancellable room reservations or ancillary services are typically satisfied as the good or service is transferred to the hotel guest, which is generally when the room stay occurs. • Noncancellable room reservations and banquet or conference reservations represent a series of distinct goods or services provided over time satisfied as each distinct good or service is provided, which is reflected by the duration of the room reservation. • Material rights for free or discounted goods or services are satisfied at the earlier point in time when the material right expires or the underlying free or discounted good or service is provided to the hotel guest. • Other ancillary goods and services are purchased independently of the room reservation at standalone selling prices and are considered separate performance obligations, which are satisfied when the related good or service is provided to the hotel guest. • Components of package reservations for which each component could be sold separately to other hotel guests are considered separate performance obligations and are satisfied as set forth above. Owned and leased hotel revenues primarily consist of hotel room rentals, revenue from accommodations sold in conjunction with other services (e.g., package reservations), food and beverage sales and other ancillary goods and services (e.g., parking) related to owned, leased and consolidated non-wholly owned hotel properties. Revenue is recognized when rooms are occupied or goods and services have been delivered or rendered, respectively. Payment terms typically align with when the goods and services are provided. Owned and leased hotel revenues are reduced upon issuance of points for our guest loyalty program, Hilton Honors, for Hilton Honors members' paid stay transactions and are recognized when Hilton Honors points are redeemed for a free stay at an owned or leased hotel (see "Hilton Honors" section below for additional information). Although the transaction prices of room rentals, goods and other services are generally fixed and based on the respective room reservation or other agreement, an estimate to reduce the transaction price is required if a discount is expected to be provided to the customer. For package reservations, the transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations within the package based on the estimated standalone selling prices of each component. On occasion, the hotel may also provide the customer with a material right to a free or discounted good or service in conjunction with a room reservation or banquet contract (e.g., free breakfast and free room night for every four nights booked). These material rights are considered separate performance obligations to which a portion of the transaction price is allocated based on the estimated standalone selling prices of the good or service, adjusted for the likelihood the hotel guest will exercise the right. Other revenues Other revenues include revenues generated by the incidental support of hotel operations for owned, leased, managed and franchised hotels, including purchasing operations, and other operating income. Purchasing revenues include any amounts received for vendor rebate arrangements that we participate in as a manager of hotel properties. Taxes and fees collected on behalf of governmental agencies We are required to collect certain taxes and fees from customers on behalf of governmental agencies and remit these back to the applicable governmental agencies on a periodic basis. We have a legal obligation to act as a collection agent. We do not retain these taxes and fees and, therefore, they are not included in our measurement of transaction prices. We have elected to present revenue net of sales taxes and other similar taxes. We record a liability when the amounts are collected and relieve the liability when payments are made to the applicable taxing authority or other appropriate governmental agency. Contract Assets Contract assets relate to incentive management fees for which the period of service has passed, but for which our right to consideration is conditional upon completing the requirements of the incentive fee period. Contract assets are included in other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets and are transferred to accounts receivable when our right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract Liabilities Contract liabilities relate to: (i) advance consideration received from hotel owners at contract inception for services considered to be part of the contract performance obligations, such as management or franchise contract application, initiation, renewal and other fees; (ii) advance consideration received for certain indirect reimbursements, such as system implementation fees; and (iii) amounts received when points are issued under Hilton Honors, but for which revenue is not yet recognized, since the related points are not yet redeemed. Contract liabilities related to advance consideration received for fees, excluding Hilton Honors, and certain indirect reimbursements are recognized as revenue over the term of the related contract. Contract liabilities related to amounts received for Hilton Honors are recognized as revenue at the point in time when the points are redeemed for a free good or service by the Hilton Honors member, which typically occurs within two years of points issuance. Contract liabilities are included in deferred revenues in our consolidated balance sheets. Intangible Assets with Finite Useful Lives We have certain finite lived intangible assets that were initially recorded at their fair value in connection with the October 24, 2007 transaction whereby we became a wholly owned subsidiary of an affiliate of The Blackstone Group L.P. (the "Merger"). These intangible assets consist of management contracts, franchise contracts, leases, certain proprietary technologies and our Hilton Honors guest loyalty program. Additionally, we capitalize cash consideration paid to incentivize hotel owners to enter into management and franchise contracts as contract acquisition costs, as well as the incremental costs to obtain or fulfill the contracts as development commissions, which are generally fixed. We also capitalize as finite lived intangible assets costs incurred to develop internal-use computer software and costs to acquire software licenses, as well as internal and external costs incurred in connection with development of upgrades or enhancements that result in additional information technology functionality. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized using the straight-line method over their respective estimated useful lives, which for contract acquisition costs and development commissions is the contract term, including any renewal periods at our sole option. These estimated useful lives are generally as follows: management contracts recorded at the Merger ( 13 to 16 years); management contract acquisition costs and development commissions ( 20 to 30 years); franchise contracts recorded at the Merger ( 12 to 13 years); franchise contract acquisition costs and development commissions ( 10 to 20 years); leases ( 12 to 35 years); Hilton Honors ( 16 years); and capitalized software development costs ( 3 years).The amortization of our intangible assets, excluding contract acquisition costs, is included in depreciation and amortization expense, and the amortization of contract acquisition costs is recognized as a reduction to franchise fees and base and other management fees (based on the contract type) in our consolidated statements of operations. Costs incurred prior to the acquisition of a contract (e.g., external legal costs) are expensed as incurred and included in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. Cash flows for contract acquisition costs and development commissions are included as operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. We review all finite lived intangible assets for impairment when circumstances indicate that their carrying values may not be recoverable. If the carrying value of an asset group is not recoverable, we recognize an impairment loss for the excess carrying value over the fair value in our consolidated statements of operations. Hilton Honors Hilton Honors is our guest loyalty and marketing program provided to hotel and resort properties. Nearly all of our owned, leased, managed and franchised properties participate in the Hilton Honors program. Hilton Honors members earn points based on their spending at our participating properties and through participation in affiliated partner programs. When points are earned by Hilton Honors members, they are provided with a material right to free or discounted goods or services in the future upon accumulation of the required level of Hilton Honors points. Points may be redeemed for the right to stay at participating properties, as well as for other goods and services from third parties, including, but not limited to, airlines, car rentals, cruises, vacation packages, shopping and dining. As the points are issued to a Hilton Honors member, the property or affiliated partner pays Hilton Honors based on an estimated cost per point for the costs of operating the program, which include marketing, promotion, communication and administrative expenses, as well as the estimated cost of award redemptions. We record liabilities for the payments received from participating hotels and program partners, which are typically due when the points are issued to a Hilton Honors member. Amounts equal to the estimated cost per point of the future redemption obligation are included in the liability for guest loyalty program and any amounts received in excess of the estimated cost per point are included in deferred revenues in our consolidated balance sheets. We engage outside actuaries to assist in determining the fair value of the future redemption obligation using statistical formulas that project future point redemptions based on factors that include historical experience, an estimate of points that will eventually be redeemed, which includes an estimate of "breakage" for points that will never be redeemed, and the cost of reimbursing properties and other third parties in respect to other redemption opportunities available to members. When points are issued as a result of a stay at our owned or leased hotel, we recognize a reduction in owned and leased hotel revenues, since we are also the guest loyalty program sponsor. For the Hilton Honors fees that are charged to the participating properties, we allocate the fees to the material right created by Hilton Honors points issued using the variable consideration allocation guidance, since the fees are directly related to the issuance of Hilton Honors points to the Hilton Honors member and Hilton's efforts to satisfy the future redemption of those Hilton Honors points. The transaction prices for the Hilton Honors points are reduced by the expected payments to the third parties that will provide the free or discounted room or service using the actuarial projection of the cost per point. The remaining transaction price is then further allocated to the points that are expected to be redeemed, adjusting the points that are issued for estimated breakage, and recognized when those points are redeemed. While the points are outstanding, both the estimate of the expected payments to third parties (cost per point) and the estimated breakage are reevaluated, and the amount of revenue recognized when each point is redeemed is adjusted so that the final amount allocated to the material right is reflective of the amount retained for providing all of the free or discounted goods and services, net of the payments to third parties and points not redeemed. We also earn license fees from co-brand credit card arrangements (see "Management and franchise revenues" within the "Revenue Recognition" section above). The co-brand license fee is allocated between two performance obligations based on their estimated standalone selling prices: (i) an IP license using the relief-from-royalty method; and (ii) material rights for free or discounted goods or services to the credit card customers using a cost plus method based on an evaluation of other third-party administrators. We satisfy our performance obligation related to points issued under the Hilton Honors guest loyalty program at a point in time when points are redeemed for a free good or service by the Hilton Honors member, and we satisfy our remaining performance obligations over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the goods or services provided. Hilton Honors reimburses participating properties when points are redeemed by members at the respective properties, at which time the redemption obligation is reduced and the related deferred revenue is recognized in other revenues from managed and franchised properties in our consolidated statements of operations. Additionally, when Hilton Honors members redeem award certificates at our owned and leased hotels, we recognize room revenue, included in owned and leased hotels revenue in our consolidated statements of operations. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Adopted Accounting Standards In March 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2017-07 ("ASU 2017-07"), Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost . This ASU requires employers to report the service cost component of net periodic pension cost in the same line item or items of the statement of operations as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net periodic pension cost must be presented separately from the service cost component and outside of a subtotal of income (loss) from operations. We adopted ASU 2017-07 on January 1, 2018 on a retrospective basis in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, which includes presenting: (i) the service cost component of net periodic pension cost in owned and leased hotel expenses and general and administrative expenses; and (ii) the other components of net periodic pension cost in other non-operating income (loss), net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Prior to adoption, all net periodic pension costs were presented in owned and leased hotel expenses and general and administrative expenses. We have applied the practical expedient permitting us to use the amounts disclosed in our Employee Benefits Plans note in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the prior comparative periods as the estimation basis for applying the retrospective presentation requirements. See the "Prior Period Financial Information" below for the effect of the adoption of ASU 2017-07 on our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09. This ASU supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Revenue Recognition (Topic 605) and requires entities to recognize revenue when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services and in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Subsequent to ASU 2014-09, the FASB issued several related ASUs to clarify the application of the new revenue recognition standard, collectively referred to herein as ASU 2014-09. We adopted the requirements of ASU 2014-09 on January 1, 2018 using the full retrospective approach, as permitted by the standard, resulting in a cumulative adjustment to accumulated deficit of $212 million as of January 1, 2016. The provisions of ASU 2014-09 affected our revenue recognition as follows: • Application, initiation and other fees are recognized over the term of the franchise contract, rather than upon execution of the contract and the unamortized portion of these fees is included in deferred revenues in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. • Certain contract acquisition costs related to our management and franchise contracts are recognized over the term of the contracts as a reduction to revenue, instead of as amortization expense. This change does not affect net income (loss). • Incentive management fees are recognized to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur as a result of future hotel profits or cash flows, as opposed to recognizing amounts that would be due if the management contract was terminated at the end of the reporting period. This change does not affect net income (loss) for any full year period. • Revenue related to our Hilton Honors guest loyalty program is recognized upon point redemption, net of any reward reimbursement paid to a third party, as opposed to recognized on a gross basis at the time points are issued in conjunction with the accrual of the expected future cost of the reward reimbursement. Additionally, points issued at owned and leased hotels are accounted for as a reduction of revenue from owned and leased hotels, as opposed to expenses of owned and leased hotels. Fees received in excess of the estimated liability for guest loyalty program are included in deferred revenues in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. • Reimbursable fees related to our management and franchise contracts are recognized as they are billed, as opposed to when we incur the related expenses. Timing differences related to the receipt and spend of these fees will no longer be recorded in other assets and other liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We have not retrospectively restated for management and franchise contracts modified before January 1, 2016 for the contract modifications. Instead, we have reflected the aggregate effect of all contract modifications when identifying the satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations, determining the transaction price and allocating the transaction price. The estimated effect of applying this practical expedient is to use a longer period over which to straight line any fixed consideration either received from the customer or paid to the customer, since all fees will be amortized over the full contract term beginning on the date of initial execution, rather than amortizing fees received upon contract modifications prospectively from the contract modification date. We do not anticipate that this effect is material given the insignificance of the fixed consideration compared to the overall consideration we expect to earn over the term of the contract. See the "Prior Period Financial Information" below for the effect of the adoption of ASU 2014-09 on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 and our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Prior Period Financial Information The following table presents the effect of the adoption of ASU 2014-09 for the line items affected on our condensed consolidated balance sheet: December 31, 2017 As Previously Reported Adoption of ASU 2014-09 As Adjusted (in millions) ASSETS Accounts receivable, net $ 998 $ 7 $ 1,005 Prepaid expenses 111 16 127 Other current assets 171 (2 ) 169 Management and franchise contracts, net 909 44 953 Deferred income tax assets 113 (2 ) 111 Other non-current assets 434 (143 ) 291 TOTAL ASSETS 14,308 (80 ) 14,228 LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other (1)(2) 1,487 (71 ) 1,416 Current portion of deferred revenues (1) 41 325 366 Deferred revenues 97 732 829 Deferred income tax liabilities 1,063 (132 ) 931 Other non-current liabilities 1,470 (550 ) 920 Total liabilities 12,233 304 12,537 Equity: Accumulated deficit (6,596 ) (385 ) (6,981 ) Accumulated other comprehensive loss (742 ) 1 (741 ) Total equity 2,075 (384 ) 1,691 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY 14,308 (80 ) 14,228 ____________ (1) The current portion of deferred revenues has been separated from accounts payable, accrued expenses and other in the "As Previously Reported" column following the adoption of ASU 2014-09. (2) The current portion of liability for guest loyalty program has been separated from accounts payable, accrued expenses and other to conform with current presentation. The balance was $622 million as of December 31, 2017 and did not change as a result of the adoption of ASU 2014-09. The following table presents the effect of the adoption of ASU 2014-09 and ASU 2017-07 on our condensed consolidated statement of operations: Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 As Previously Reported Adoption of ASU 2014-09 Adoption of ASU 2017-07 As Adjusted (in millions) Revenues Franchise fees $ 294 $ (12 ) $ — $ 282 Base and other management fees 83 (2 ) — 81 Incentive management fees 52 (3 ) — 49 Owned and leased hotels 300 (4 ) — 296 Other revenues 37 — — 37 766 (21 ) — 745 Other revenues from managed and franchised properties 1,395 (244 ) — 1,151 Total revenues 2,161 (265 ) — 1,896 Expenses Owned and leased hotels 272 (4 ) — 268 Depreciation and amortization 89 (3 ) — 86 General and administrative 105 — 1 106 Other expenses 23 — — 23 489 (7 ) 1 483 Other expenses from managed and franchised properties 1,395 (199 ) — 1,196 Total expenses 1,884 (206 ) 1 1,679 Operating income 277 (59 ) (1 ) 217 Interest expense (104 ) 15 — (89 ) Loss on foreign currency transactions (4 ) — — (4 ) Loss on debt extinguishment (60 ) — — (60 ) Other non-operating income, net 1 — 1 2 Income before income taxes 110 (44 ) — 66 Income tax expense (35 ) 17 — (18 ) Net income 75 (27 ) — 48 Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (1 ) — — (1 ) Net income attributable to Hilton stockholders $ 74 $ (27 ) $ — $ 47 Earnings per share: Basic $ 0.22 $ 0.14 Diluted $ 0.22 $ 0.14 Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02 ("ASU 2018-02"), Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income . This ASU permits a reclassification from accumulated other comp |
