Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Significant Accounting Policies The Company’s significant accounting policies are included in “Part II - Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 . As discussed in the Company's Annual Report, the Company adopted the new leases standard in the first quarter of 2019. In the second quarter of 2019, the Company made an accounting policy election to recognize the impact of stock option forfeitures on stock compensation expense in the period the award is forfeited as permitted under ASC2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) . Previously, the Company estimated the effects of stock option forfeitures at the initial grant date and reduced stock compensation expense for the estimated effect of forfeitures over the requisite service period. There have been no other changes to the Company's significant accounting policies. Leases ASC Topic 842, Leases , requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for most leases on the balance sheet and to provide expanded disclosures about leasing arrangements. The Company adopted Topic 842 effective January 1, 2019 using the optional transition method and did not restate comparative periods. There was no effect on accumulated deficit at adoption. The Company has elected the package of practical expedients to (i) not reassess whether expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (ii) not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (iii) not reassess the accounting for initial direct costs. The adoption of the new leases standard resulted in the following adjustments to the Company's balance sheet as of January 1, 2019: December 31, 2018 Adoption Impact January 1, 2019 (in thousands) (unaudited; in thousands) Operating lease right-of-use assets $ — $ 6,415 $ 6,415 Operating lease liabilities, current portion $ — $ 945 $ 945 Other accrued liabilities $ 2,414 $ (143 ) $ 2,271 Operating lease liabilities, long-term portion $ — $ 6,900 $ 6,900 Deferred rent $ 1,287 $ (1,287 ) $ — As of December 31, 2018 , the short-term portion of deferred rent was recorded in other accrued liabilities. The adoption impact was a non-cash operating activity for the six months ended June 30, 2019. At the inception of an arrangement, the Company determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the unique facts and circumstances present. Operating lease liabilities and their corresponding right-of-use assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected lease term. If the interest rate implicit in the Company's lease contracts is not readily determinable, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term, an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Certain adjustments to the right-of-use asset may be required for items such as initial direct costs paid or incentives received. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company had restricted cash of approximately $0.5 million consisting of deposits of $0.3 million to secure its building lease until the end of the lease term, a deposit of approximately $0.1 million to a utility provider and $35,000 to secure corporate purchasing cards. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to amounts shown in the statement of cash flows: June 30, 2019 June 30, 2018 (unaudited; in thousands) Cash and cash equivalents $ 14,252 $ 16,197 Restricted cash 455 35 Total $ 14,707 $ 16,232 Marketable Securities Marketable securities generally consist of debt securities with original maturities greater than 90 days and remaining maturities of less than one year. Marketable securities with an original maturity greater than one year, if any, would be considered long-term investments. All of the Company's investments are classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value based upon quoted market price. The change in unrealized gains and losses related to fixed maturity debt securities is reported as a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss) on the statements of operations and comprehensive loss and as a separate component of stockholders' equity on the balance sheets. Interest income includes interest, dividends, amortization and accretion of purchase premiums and discounts and realized gains and losses on sales of securities, if any. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific-identification method. The Company monitors its investment portfolio for potential impairment on a quarterly basis. If the carrying amount of an investment in marketable securities exceeds its fair value and the decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary, the carrying amount of the security is reduced to fair value and a loss is recognized in operating results for the amount of such decline. In order to determine whether a decline in value is other-than-temporary, the Company evaluates, among other factors, the cause of the impairment, including the creditworthiness of the security issuers, the number of securities in an unrealized loss position, the severity and duration of the unrealized losses, and its intent and ability to hold the security to maturity or expected recovery. Fair Value Instruments The Company records its financial assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The accounting guidance establishes a three-tiered hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value as follows: • Level 1: Inputs which include quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. • Level 2: Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. • Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The carrying values of certain assets and liabilities of the Company, such as cash and cash equivalents and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities. The carrying value of the Company’s short-term financial obligations approximates their fair value as the terms of the borrowing are consistent with current market rates and the duration to maturity is short. The carrying value of the Company's long-term financial obligations approximates fair value because interest rates approximate market rates that the Company could obtain for debt with similar terms and maturities. Net Loss Per Common Share Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock and if-converted methods. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, common stock warrants and stock options are considered to be potential dilutive securities but are excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive and therefore, basic and diluted net loss per share were the same for all periods presented. The following outstanding common stock equivalents were excluded from the computations of diluted net loss per common share for the periods presented as the effect of including such securities would be antidilutive: June 30, 2019 June 30, 2018 (unaudited) Warrants to purchase common stock 274,524 199,524 Options to purchase common stock 1,765,742 1,186,318 Total 2,040,266 1,385,842 Recent Accounting Pronouncements In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU2018-15, Intangible - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) , which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. ASU2018-15 is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2020. Early adoption is permitted. ASU2018-15 permits either a prospective or retrospective transition approach. The Company is currently evaluating ASU2018-15 to determine the impact to its financial statements and disclosures. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) . The new guidance modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. ASU2018-13 is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2020 and must be adopted on a modified retrospective basis, with certain exceptions. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect ASU2018-13 to have a significant impact to its financial statements and disclosures. The FASB issued ASU2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments in June 2016 , ASU2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses in November 2018 , and ASU2019-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Targeted Transition Relief in May 2019. This new guidance is intended to present credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities as an allowance rather than as a write-down. Entities are required to apply the standards' provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. ASU2016-13, ASU2018-19 and ASU2019-05 are effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2020. The Company is currently evaluating these standards to determine the impact to its financial statements and disclosures. |