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There were no research and development expenses in the year ended December 31, 2019. Research and development expenses were $4.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The decrease of $4.4 million in 2019 primarily resulted from the inclusion of such costs in cost of sales in 2019 rather than research and development due to the change of focus of the personnel to revenue generating activities.
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $19.9 million and $14.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase of $5.5 million was primarily due to higher public company costs, including corporate initiatives, which increased by $4.1 million to $16.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $12.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The remaining $1.4 million increase was driven by higher business development costs, as the Company expanded its sales team in various geographies in anticipation of business growth from new formulation and development capabilities.
Amortization of intangible assets expense was $2.6 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively and relates to the amortization of Recro’s royalties and contract manufacturing relationships intangible asset over its estimated useful life.
Interest expense, net, was $19.0 million and $8.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in interest expense, net, was due to the higher principal balance on the Company’s Athyrium senior secured term loan and amortization of the related financing costs.
The Company records a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets therefore, there was no income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2019. Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $17.4 million primarily due to recording of aone-time,non-cash income tax valuation allowance against its domestic deferred tax assets.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, Recro reported net income from continuing operations of $4.6 million, or $0.20 net income per diluted share and net loss of $13.1 million, or $0.64 net loss per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2018. Including the impact of discontinued operations, the Company reported a net loss of $18.6 million, or $0.79 net loss per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to a net loss of $79.7 million, or $3.90 net loss per diluted share, for the comparable period in 2018.
Financial Guidance
For 2020, the Company expects revenue to be in the range of$97-$100 million, depending upon market dynamics, contracts, timing of customer order patterns, accuracy of our customer’s product market estimations, new market entrants, and success and timing related to business development activities. The Company expects its Operating Income to be in the range of$21.3-$25.3 million and Operating income, as adjusted* to be in the range of$27.3-$30.3 million. The Company also expects its EBITDA, as adjusted* to be in the range of$47-50 million.
* | Operating Income, as adjusted and EBITDA, as adjusted arenon-GAAP financial measures (See reconciliation ofnon-GAAP financial measures in this release). |