Stock Based Compensation | NOTE 16 - Stock Based Compensation In March 2014, Aircom's Board of Directors adopted the 2014 Stock Option Plan (the "Aircom 2014 Plan"). The Aircom 2014 Plan provided for the granting of incentive stock options and non-statutory stock options to employees, consultants and outside directors of Aircom. On February 13, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, Aerkomm assumed the options of Aircom 2014 Plan and agreed to issue options for an aggregate of 1,088,882 shares to Aircom's stock option holders. One-third of stock option shares will be vested as of the first anniversary of the time the option shares are granted or the employee's acceptance to serve the Company, and 1/36th of the shares will be vested each month thereafter. Option price is determined by the Board of Directors. The Aircom 2014 Plan became effective upon its adoption by the Board and shall continue in effect for a term of 10 years unless sooner terminated under the terms of Aircom 2014 Plan. On May 5, 2017, the Board of Directors of Aerkomm adopted the Aerkomm Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Aerkomm 2017 Plan" and together with the Aircom 2015 Plan, the "Plans")) and the reservation of 1,000,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the Aerkomm 2017 Plan. On June 23, 2017, the Board of Directors voted to increase the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the Aerkomm 2017 Plan to 2,000,000 shares. The Aerkomm 2017 Plan provides for the granting of incentive stock options and non-statutory stock options to employees, consultants and outside directors of the Company, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (or, prior to the establishment of the Compensation Committee on January 23, 2018, the Board of Directors). On June 23, 2017, the Board of Directors agreed to issue options for an aggregate of 291,000 shares under the Aerkomm 2017 Plan to certain officers and directors of the Company. The option agreements are classified into three types of vesting schedule, which includes, 1) 1/6 of the shares subject to the option shall vest commencing on the vesting start date and the remaining shares shall vest at the rate of 1/60 for the next 60 months on the same day of the month as the vesting start date; 2) 1/4 of the shares subject to the option shall vest commencing on the vesting start date and the remaining shares shall vest at the rate of 1/36 for the next 36 months on the same day of the month as the vesting start date; 3) 1/3 of the shares subject to the option shall vest commencing on the first anniversary of vesting start date and the remaining shares shall vest at the rate of 50% each year for the next two years on the same day of the month as the vesting start date. On July 31, 2017, the Board of Directors approved to issue options for an aggregate of 109,000 shares under the Aerkomm 2017 Plan to 11 of its employees. 1/3 of these shares subject to the option shall vest commencing on the first anniversary of vesting start date and the remaining shares shall vest at the rate of 50% each year for the next two years on the same day of the month as the vesting start date. On December 29, 2017, the Board of Directors approved to issue options for an aggregate of 12,000 shares under the Aerkomm 2017 Plan to three of the Company's independent directors, 4,000 shares each. All of these options were vested immediately upon issuance. On June 19, 2018, the Compensation Committee approved to issue options for 32,000 and 30,000 shares under the Aerkomm 2017 Plan to two of the Company executives. One-fourth of the 32,000 shares subject to the option shall vest on May 1, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. One-third of the 30,000 shares subject to the option shall vest on May 29, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. On December 29, 2018, the Compensation Committee approved to issue options for an aggregate of 12,000 shares under the Aerkomm 2017 Plan to three of the Company's independent directors, 4,000 shares each. All of these options were vested immediately upon issuance. On July 2, 2019, the Board of Directors approved the grant of options to purchase an aggregate of 339,000 shares under the Aerkomm 2017 Plan to 22 of its directors, officers and employees. 25% of the shares vested on the grant date, 25% of the shares vested on July 17, 2019, 25% of the shares will vest on the first anniversary of the grant date, and 25% of the shares will vest upon the second anniversary of the grant date. On October 4, 2019, the Board of Directors approved the grant of options to purchase an aggregate of 85,400 shares under the Aerkomm 2017 Plan to three (3) of its employees. 25% of the shares vested on the grant date, and 25% of the shares will vest on each of October 4, 2020, October 4, 2021 and October 4, 2022, respectively. On December 29, 2019, the Board of Directors approved to issue options for an aggregate of 12,000 shares under the Aerkomm 2017 Plan to three of the Company's independent directors, 4,000 shares each. All of these options shall vest at the date of 1/12th each month for the next 12 months on the same day of December 2019. Option price is determined by the Compensation Committee. The Aerkomm 2017 Plan has been adopted by the Board and shall continue in effect for a term of 10 years unless sooner terminated under the terms of Aerkomm 2017 Plan. The Aerkomm 2017 Plan was approved by the Company's stockholders on March 28, 2018. Valuation and Expense Information Measurement and recognition of compensation expense based on estimated fair values is required for all share-based payment awards made to its employees and directors including employee stock options. The Company recognized compensation expense of $2,342,802 and $1,422,961 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to such employee stock options. Determining Fair Value Valuation and amortization method The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing-model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted on the date of grant or modification and amortizes the fair value of stock-based compensation at the date of grant on a straight-line basis for recognizing stock compensation expense over the vesting period of the option. Expected term The expected term is the period of time that granted options are expected to be outstanding. The Company uses the SEC's simplified method for determining the option expected term based on the Company's historical data to estimate employee termination and options exercised. Expected dividends The Company does not plan to pay cash dividends before the options are expired. Therefore, the expected dividend yield used in the Black-Scholes option valuation model is zero. Expected volatility Since the Company has no historical volatility, it used the calculated value method which substitutes the historical volatility of a public company in the same industry to estimate the expected volatility of the Company's share price to measure the fair value of options granted under the Plans. Risk-free interest rate The Company based the risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes option valuation model on the market yield in effect at the time of option grant provided in the Federal Reserve Board's Statistical Releases and historical publications on the Treasury constant maturities rates for the equivalent remaining terms for the Plans. Forfeitures The Company is required to estimate forfeitures at the time of grant and revises those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company uses historical data to estimate option forfeitures and records share-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. The Company used the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of options granted in 2019 and 2018 under the Plans as follows: Assumptions Expected term 5-10 years Expected volatility 45.81% - 62.26 % Expected dividends 0 % Risk-free interest rate 1.52% - 2.99 % Forfeiture rate 0% - 5 % Aircom 2014 Plan Activities related to options outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share Options outstanding at January 1, 2018 932,262 $ 0.4081 $ 0.1282 Granted - - - Exercised - - - Forfeited/Cancelled - - - Options outstanding at December 31, 2018 932,262 0.4081 0.1282 Granted - - - Exercised - - - Forfeited/Cancelled - - - Options outstanding at December 31, 2019 932,262 0.4081 0.1282 Activities related to stock awards under the 2014 incentive compensation plan for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: Number of Shares Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share Options unvested at January 1, 2018 302,467 $ 0.2614 Granted - - Vested (216,492 ) 0.5349 Forfeited - - Options unvested at December 31, 2018 85,975 0.4963 Granted - - Vested (85,975 ) 0.4963 Forfeited - - Options unvested at December 31, 2019 - $ - Of the shares covered by options outstanding at the end of 2019, 932,262 are now exercisable. Information related to stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2019, is as follows: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Range of Exercise Prices Shares Outstanding at 12/31/2019 Weighted Weighted Shares Exercisable at 12/31/2019 Weighted Weighted $ 0.0067 820,391 5.17 $ 0.0067 820,391 5.17 $ 0.0067 $ 3.3521 111,871 6.50 3.3521 111,871 6.50 3.3521 932,262 5.33 0.4081 932,262 5.33 0.4081 As of December 31, 2019, there was no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense. No option was exercised during 2019 and 2018. Aerkomm 2017 Plan Activities related to options outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share Options outstanding at January 1, 2018 253,000 $ 30.8824 $ 18.4796 Granted 78,000 19.7462 13.9258 Exercised - - - Forfeited/Cancelled (48,000 ) 27.5000 16.4610 Options outstanding at December 31, 2018 283,000 28.3867 17.5668 Granted 436,400 5.4763 3.8452 Exercised - - - Forfeited/Cancelled - - - Options outstanding at December 31, 2019 719,400 14.4889 9.2431 Activities related to stock awards under the 2017 incentive compensation plan for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: Number of Shares Average Granted-Date Fair Value Options unvested at January 1, 2018 168,250 $ 19.2235 Granted 78,000 13.9258 Vested (74,839 ) 17.5714 Forfeited - - Options unvested at December 31, 2018 171,411 17.5341 Granted 436,400 3.8452 Vested (267,683 ) 7.5460 Forfeited - - Options unvested at December 31, 2019 340,128 $ 7.8313 Of the shares covered by options outstanding at the end of 2019, 379,272 are now exercisable; 186,678 will be exercisable in 2020; 124,100 will be exercisable in 2021; and 29,350 will be exercisable in 2022. Information related to stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2019, is as follows: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Range of Exercise Prices Shares Outstanding at 12/31/2019 Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years) Weighted Shares Exercisable at 12/31/2019 Weighted Weighted $ 3.96 339,000 9.50 $ 3.9600 169,500 9.50 $ 3.9600 $ 9.00 12,000 10.00 9.0000 - - - $ 11.00 – 13.95 97,400 9.67 11.3634 33,350 9.49 12.0615 $ 20.50 – 27.50 147,000 7.89 24.4918 89,750 7.71 26.0047 $ 30.00 – 35.00 124,000 7.50 34.4012 86,672 7.52 34.1981 719,400 8.86 14.4889 379,272 8.62 16.7991 As of December 31, 2019, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was $1,882,000, which is expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over a weighted average period of approximately 1.61 years. No option was exercised during 2019 and 2018. |